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Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 1 Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX Professor Texto digitado Meeting New People What do we say when we introduce ourselves? Greetings Hi, I’m John. Hello. I’m Simon. Simon Davis. Hi there. My name is Samantha Tart. Responses Nice to meet you. I’m Gary. Pleased to meet you. My name is Terry. It’s a pleasure to meet you. I’m Jennifer Holmes. Please call me Jen. Questions Nice to meet you, too. What do you do? Pleased to meet you, too. Where are you from? It’s a pleasure to meet you, too. What line of work are you in, Jen? Responses I’m a nurse. I work in a hospital downtown. How about you? I’m English. I’m from Bristol. It’s in the West of England. Do you know it? I’m a Sales Representative. I work for a pharmaceutical company. How about you? Sounds Like… 1) I’m a teacher. //aima// 2) Nice to meet you, too. //miichutu// 3) Pleased to meet you. //pliizd// Practice i Read the models below, then practice introducing yourself. a) Hello. My name is Charles Johnson. I’m from the UK. I live in London. I’m a Businessman. I work for Active Sports Incorporated. My company designs, produces and sells sportswear for the outdoors. b) Hi there. I’m Sarah. I’m Canadian. I’m from Canada. I’m married and have two sons. My parents live in Toronto. I have one brother and two sisters. My husband is a dentist. c) Nice to meet you. I’m James. James Sherman. I come from New Zealand but I live in Tokyo. I’m a student. I study Japanese Language at Tokyo University. In my free time I like to play football and watch films. Practice ii Match the words on the right with the correct question, then ask and answer each question with your partner. a) What’s your ______? b) Where are you ______? c) What do you ______? d) What’s your ______? e) Where do you ______? f) Do you have any ______? g) Where do you ______? live work brothers and sisters from name do job Exercise i Choose the best response. 1) I’m from Oxford. Do you know it? a. I’m from Osaka. b. Yes, I do. 2) I’m Danish. How about you? a. My name is Daniel. b. I’m from England. 3) Which part of Japan are you from? a. Tokyo. b. I’m Japanese. 4) Where do you work? a. In a bank. b. I’m a doctor. 5) Have you been to Australia? a. No, I haven’t. b. No, I don’t. 6) What do you do in your free time? a. I work at city hall. b. I like reading and cooking. Exercise ii Match the countries with the nationalities. 1. America 2. Australia 3. Philippines 4. Italy 5. France 6. Germany 7. Holland 8. Vietnam a. German b. Dutch c. Vietnamese d. French e. American f. Australian g. Filipino h. Italian Exercise iii Choose the correct word. 1. (Is she/Does she) from England? 2. (Do you/Are you) come from the USA? 3. Where (does/is) she from? 4. (Do you/Are you) Australian? 5. (I am/I) work for a Bank. 6. Where (do/are) you work? Listening Katy and Kenji are meeting each other for the first time. Katy: Hi, I’m Katy. What’s your name? Kenji: Hello. My name’s Kenji. It’s nice to meet you. Katy: Nice to meet you too. Where are you from? Kenji: I’m from Japan. Katy: So, what do you do Kenji? Kenji: I’m a teacher – I teach engineering at a University in Tokyo. How about you? What do you do? Katy: Well, I’m a Childcare Worker – I look after pre-school age children. I work for a small Nursery School in Oxford. Kenji: Wow! Do you like it? Katy: Yes, I do. I love working with children – they’re a lot of fun. Kenji: What do you like to do in your free time? Katy: Hmm. I guess I like swimming and playing tennis. I also like to cook. How about you? Do you have any hobbies? Kenji: Not really, but I enjoy watching baseball and I sometimes go to karaoke. 1) What does Katy do? 2) Does Kenji like his job? 3) What do they do in their free time? Application Introduce and talk about someone you know. i.e. Linda is my friend. She’s Irish. She is from Ireland. Her full name is Linda Maggie Brogan. She lives in Kamakura. She is an English teacher. She works in Shinagawa. Linda has three brothers and three sisters. In her free time, she likes to play golf, listen to classical music and do crossword puzzles. Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 2 Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS Greetings Hello, …/ Hi, … Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. Good/ Nice to see you again. I’m glad/ happy/ pleased to see you. Good-byes Good bye/ Bye/ I’ll say good bye/ See you later/ See you soon. I must go now. How are you? - Fine, thanks. And you? How have you been? - Very well. And you? How are things? - Not too bad, thanks. How is your girlfriend? - She’s fine Introductions Dialogue 1 A - Hi! My name's Carmen. What's your name? B - I'm Paula. A - Are you a new student? B - Yes, I am. I'm from Brazil. And where are you from? A - I'm from Spain. B - Nice to meet you. A - Nice to meet you, too. Dialogue 2 Mike: Hi! Don. Don: Hi! Mike. Who’s your friend? Mike:Have you met Tina before? Don: No, I don’t think so. Mike: Don, this is my friend Tina. Tina, this is my colleague Don. Don: Hello Tina, it’s nice to meet you. Tina: It’s nice to meet you, Don. Studytoolbox Expressions to introduce yourself: My name is ... I’m... Let me introduce myself; I'm ... I'd like to introduce myself; I'm ... Nice to meet you; I'm ... Pleased to meet you; I'm ... Study toolbox Useful responses when introducing yourself or other people: Nice to meet you. Pleased to meet you. Happy to meet you. How do you do? Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 3 Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX Professor Texto digitado CURIOSITIES Professor Texto digitado Nations and Nationalities He / She is from He / She is He / She is from He / She is France French Greece Greek Italy Italian Czech Republic Czech Germany German Slovakia Slovakian Spain Spanish Croatia Croatian Belgium Belgian China Chinese Switzerland Swiss Japan Japanese Austria Austrian Mexico Mexican Portugal Portuguese the United States American the Netherlands Dutch Canada Canadian the United Kingdom British Australia Australian England English New Zealand New Zealander Scotland Scottish India Indian Wales Welsh South Africa South African Ireland Irish Egypt Egyptian Poland Polish Morocco Moroccan Denmark Danish Algeria Algerian Sweden Swedish Tunisia Tunisian Norway Norwegian Turkey Turkish Finland Finnish Israel Israeli Iceland Icelandic Argentina Argentinian Russia Russian Brazil Brazilian Hungary Hungarian Peru Peruvian Nations and Nationalities The adjective for a nationality is the same as the language. They are from England. They are . She is from . She is German. He is Canadian. He is from . We are Irish. We are from . I'm from . I am Belgian. You're from . You're French. She is from . She is American. Citizens of Scotland are called .Citizens of are called Dutch. People in Italy speak . People in speak Spanish. People who live in India are called . People who live in are called Australian. live in Austria, but they speak German. New Zealanders live in New Zealand, but they speak . The Portuguese speak Portuguese in . Citizens of China are called . Citizens of are called Japanese. People who live in speak Greek. People who live in Sweden speak . Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 4 Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX Barbapapa family Barbapapa and Barbamama have 7 children. Barbabeau is black and he loves painting. Barbazoo is yellow and he loves animals. Barbalala is green and she loves music. Barbabright is blue and he loves learning. Barbabravo is red and he is strong. Barbabelle is purple and she is beautiful. Barbarlib is orange and she loves books Write the name of each children under the right picture Professor Texto digitado WRITTE THE COLORS UNDER THE IMAGES BELOW. Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 5 Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado WRITE THE CORRECT THE TIME UNDER THE CLOCKS . Unit 5 – Events and Times 1) Lets Remember the nummbers in English: 2) Look the examples below: 6.00 - It's six o'clock 6.40 - It's twenty to seven 6.10 - It's ten past six 6.40 - It's twenty to seven 6.15 - It's a quarter past six FIVE PAST… TEN PAST… a QUARTER PAST… TWENTY PAST… TWENTY-FIVE PAST… HALF PAST… FIVE TO… TEN TO… a QUARTER TO… TWENTY TO… TWENTY-FIVE TO… … O'CLOCK 15 minutes =a quarter 30 minutes = half REMEMBER! a.m.- in the morning p.m.-in the afternoon ,in the evening Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX 3) Choosethecorrectanswer: 4) Draw the times on the clocks: 5) What time is it? a) Five forty-two ______________________ b) Three twelve_______________________ c) Eleven-twenty-eight__________________ d) A quarter after two___________________ e) Half past five________________________ 6) Check True (T) or False (F): 8) Choose the correct date of the historical facts below and write the dates using cardinal and ordinal numbers (page 40 of Top Notch) 15/04/1865 7/12/1941 1/10/1949 6/03/1876 20/06/1969 24/11/1859 3/10/1990 23/10/1990 25/12/1991 29/10/1929 Example: May 10, 2013 - May 13th - Charles Darwin (1809-1882) published The Origin of Species ___________ ___________ -Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.___________ ___________ - President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) is assassinated in Washington DC by John Wilkes___________ ___________ - Black Tuesday: the most disastrous day in the stock market's history. Billions of dollars in open market values disappeared. ___________ ___________ -Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web by creating the first WWW server at CERN in Geneva. ___________ ___________ -Japan attacks Pearl Harbor by surprise. United States enters World War II.___________ ___________ - “Come here, Watson, I want you": First words transmitted by Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) through a telephone.___________ ___________ -German people attacked the Berlin Wall with hammers and rocks until the wall came downand the German Democratic Republic ceased to exist. - Mao Tse-Tung (1893-1976) declared his country the People's Republic of China. ___________ ___________ - The Soviet Union and the Soviet Communist party officially ceased to exist.___________ ___________ Do you remember any other important dates in history? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 7) Connect the Daily Routine Chart and answer the questions below: a) What time do you usually wake up? ____________________________________________________ b) What time do you wake up when you are on vacation? ____________________________________________________ c) When on vacation do you usually check the newspapers? ____________________________________________________ d) Do you take the bus to go to work? ____________________________________________________ e) What time do you have lunch at work? ____________________________________________________ f) How long is your lunch time? ____________________________________________________ A. WAKE UP B. TAKE A SHOWER C. DRESS UP D. TAKE THE BREAKFAST E. CHECK THE NEWSPAPERS F. TAKE THE BUS G. GET INTO THE OFFICE H. DO PAPERWORK I. HAVE LUNCH J. LEAVE THE OFFICE K. MEET THE FRIENDS L. TAKE THE BUS TO HOME M. ARRIVE TO THE HOUSE N. GO TO BED B Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 6 Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX Professor Texto digitado CURIOSITIES The first letter of this word is B. The first letter of this word is P. The first letter of this word is A. The first letter of this word is T. The first letter of this word is F. The first letter of this word is G. The first letter of this word is I. The first letter of this word is M. The first letter of this word is S. The first letter of this word is L. The first letter of this word is K. The first letter of this word is C. The first letter of this word is R. The first letter of this word is D. Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 7 Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX Name: ____________ www.misteraidan.com Class: _____________ Part A: Read. This is May. She’s ten years old. She’s tall and thin. She’s got long brown hair. She’s got brown eyes. She can sing and dance. She can’t swim. Every Monday, May reads Chinese books with her friends. Every Tuesday, she rides a bike to school. On Wednesdays, she plays music at school. On Thursdays, she sings English songs with her friends. Every Friday, she cooks eggs at home. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Part B: Write the day please. __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Part C: True or False. 1. May reads Chinese books. _________ 2. May rides a bike to school on Fridays. _________ 3. She plays music at home. _________ 4. She plays music at school on Wednesdays. _________ 5. She cooks pizza. _________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Part D: Please answer Yes or No. 1. Does May ride a bike on Mondays? ______ , _______ ________. 2. Does May sing English songs? ______ , _______ ________. 3. Does May cook on Fridays? ______ , _______ ________. 4. Does she play music on Wednesdays? ______ , _______ ________. 5. Does May read Chinese books on Tuesdays? ______ , _______ ________. Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado ProfessorTexto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado Professor Texto digitado CHAPTER 8 Professor Texto digitado VOCABULARY BOX A. Read the texts and answer the questions. 1. What do you wear in summer? ______________________________________________________________ 2. Are days short in summer? ______________________________________________________________ 3. What do you do in summer? ______________________________________________________________ 4. What is the weather like in summer? ______________________________________________________________ 1. What is the weather like in autumn? ______________________________________________________________ 2. What do you wear in autumn? ______________________________________________________________ 3. What do you do in autumn? ______________________________________________________________ Name : ___________________________ Class : ___________ Date:_______________ B. Complete the text. In spring, the weather is warm and ______________________ . The ___________________ are geen. People plant flowers, ___________________ , _____________________ and go fishing. People wear __________________ and trousers. In winter, the weather is cold and ______________________ .The days are short. The children make a ___________________ and _________________________ . People wear a coat, a ______________________ , ____________________ and _____________________ . 1 CHAPTER 9 ººw Colegio Laico Angol Prof. Macarena Arévalo Alarcón Idioma Extranjero Inglés “I’d like to be” Name: ________________________________ Grade: ___________________ Date: ___________________ WARM UP: Let’s start. Work alone BEFORE READING, answer the following questions: 1. Which career would you like to study in the future? __________________________________________________ 2. What is the profession or occupation of your dreams?_________________________________________________ 3. Remember the previous guessing game, can you enlist the profession you guessed? We will learn: Te modal must. We will write: A short paragraph. We will value: The professions as a way of living We will practice: Written and Oral skills UNIT 4: Whatever you do, do it well. KEY WORDS Reading Lesson 5 ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Guessing game: Your teacher will show you a flash card with an image; you have to represent the drawing using mimicry and your classmates will have to guess. LET’S PLAY! Now read the text called: “I Love my Job” and then answer the questions: 2 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6EPb3oKdTyw/SYYbsfmrxNI/AAAAAAAAAEg/mFcyEeKoybE/s1600-h/nino-lee02[1].jpg WHILE READING! Read about the following people. In the blank space, write what you think their occupation is. Then, answer the questions about each person. My name is Caroline. I’m a _________________. I have been working at Temuco’s hospital since I finish my studies at Universidad de la Frontera, ten years ago. My job is great! I’m always helping sick people. My job is taking care of them. I take their temperature and blood pressure and I give them medicine. I must help the doctors during operations and surgeries. All the things I do are very important! I see a lot of people during the day and I must be very friendly, patient, and helpful. 1. How long has Caroline worked at Temuco’s hospital? _____________________________________________ 2. What does Caroline do when patients are sick? __________________________________________________ My name is Joe Jackson, but people call me Mr. Cool. I’m a _____________. My job is so much fun! I love music and I have good rhythm. I like to work late at night. Well I must work at nights, because I work in a club. Sometimes I don’t finish work until 5 a.m. I’m love watching people dance. I always know the newest and coolest songs to play in the club. If you want to be a ___________ you don’t need to study, but you must love music. 1. Why do you think Joe Jackson works very late at night? ____________________________________________ My name is John. I have a medical degree. But my job consists in taking care of the health of animals. Specially pregnant and sick animals. I love them since I was a child. I enjoy working with them. I have a clinic in Temuco. The name of the clinic is “Little claws”. People call me ‘the animal doctor.’ The real name for my profession is ___________________________. If your pet is sick, you must bring it to me, it will be in good hands. 1. What does John do?_________________________________________________________________________ 2. Since when does John love animals?____________________________________________________________ 3 http://images.google.cl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.freewebs.com/vetinfo/veterinarian_250x251.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.freewebs.com/vetinfo/whatisaveterinarian.htm&usg=__c0NU3uQQvAvjAAwc8Ps4fUf9ysI=&h=251&w=250&sz=10&hl=es&start=1&um=1&tbnid=hpGi4peHeeXLEM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images?q=veterinarian&hl=es&sa=N&um=1 4. There is something strange, on your neighborhood Who would you call? Ghostbusters! Imagine that you need help from a specific person or professional, identify the profession with the correct definition. Photographer – Plumber – Flight attendant – Lawyer – Firefighter – Architect – Mechanic 1. Having trouble with your bathroom? I fix toilets, showers, and sinks. I’m a ………………................................................... 2. Are you having problems with the law? Are you going to court? I’m a …………………………........................................... 3. Say cheese! I love to take pictures. I take pictures at important events. I’m a ………………………………………………………….. 4. I draw and design buildings. I designed the new airport in Santiago. I’m a ……………………………………………………………….. 5. My job is dangerous. I save people from burning houses. I’m a……………………………………………………………………………….. 6. If you have a problem with you car I can fix it. I’m a …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7. I serve food and I make passengers feel comfortable during the flight. I’m a ……………………………………………………………. POST LISTENING: Read the contents with the teacher and then write two sentences according to the usage of the modal and the picture. Prohibition 1. People in the church, must turn off their cell phone. 2. People mustn’t speak by cell phone when they are in the church. 1._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2._______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ We use the modal must when we want to express an obligation or duty that has to be done and mustn’t (must not) when it is our obligation not to do something. Language Focus: 4 Strong recommendation MUST is personal. We use must when we give our personal feelings. 1. You must go to that restaurant! The food is delicious there! 1._______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ 2._______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Obligation. (It is necessary) 1. I must study hard if I want to pass my exam. 1.___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 2.___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Work in pairs: ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Pair Mini Project: Imagine you are working now. You are doing what you like. What would be your ideal occupation? Describe your occupation, why you like it, what you do, the people you work with, what you have to do to have the ideal occupation. In 100-120 words using modal must at least three times. 5 6 CHAPTER 10 In winter, I have a big fire in the fireplace and I like to sit by the fire and read. There's a garden in front of the house and at the end of the garden is the beach. In spring and summer, there are flowers everywhere. When the weather is fine I often eat lunch in the garden and look out over the sea. There are usually lots of birds above the fishing boats and I enjoy watching the birds very much. I live alone with my dog, Boxer but we have a lot of visitors. My friends from the city often stay with me for the holidays. I love my house for many reasons: the garden, the flowers and the birds in summer, but the best thing is, the view from my bedroom window ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Answer the questions below with complete sentences. For example: Is the house near the sea? ________Yes, it is.____________ 1. Is the house new? __________________________________________ 2. Are there 3 rooms upstairs? __________________________________ 3. Is the bathroom upstairs? _____________________________________ 4. Is there a fireplace in the kitchen? ______________________________ 5. Is there a garden at the back of the house? _______________________ 6. Is there a park at the end of the garden? _________________________ 7. Are there many flowers in the garden? ___________________________ 8. Is there a good view from the bedroom window? ____________________ My House I live in a house near the sea. It's an old house, about 100 years old and it's very small. There are two bedrooms upstairs but no bathroom. The bathroom is downstairs next to the kitchen and there's a living room with a lovely old fireplace. 7 Write long answers for these questions. For example: Where is this house? _________The house is near the sea.______ 1. How old is the house? _________________________________________ 2. How many rooms are in the house? _________________________________________ 3. Where is the garden? _________________________________________ 4. In which room is the fireplace? _________________________________________ 5. What can you see from the garden? _________________________________________ 6. Who is Boxer? _________________________________________ 7. Who comes to visit? _________________________________________ 8. What is the best thing about the house? _________________________________________ 8 Fill the gaps with the correct word. I live in a house near ___ sea. It's an old house, about ___years old and it's very small._____ are two bedrooms upstairs but no_______. The bathroom is downstairs next to ____ kitchen and there's a living room _____ a lovely old fireplace. In winter - have a big fire in the ________ and I like to sit by _______ fire and read. There's a garden _____ front of the house and at _____ end of the garden is the ______. In spring and summer there are ________ everywhere. When the weather is fine ___ often eat lunch in the garden ____ look out over the sea. There ____ usually a lot of birds above _____ fishing boats and I enjoy watching _____ birds very much. I live alone _____ my dog, Boxer but we have ___ lot of visitors. My friends from _____ city often stay with me for_____ holidays. I love my house for_____ reasons, the garden, the flowers and _____ birds in summer, but the best_____ is the view from my bedroom ______. 9 Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs Auxiliary means functioning in a supporting capacity, and that is exactly what these auxiliary verbs do, which is why they are also known as helping verbs. They are used together with a main verb to give grammatical information and therefore add extra meaning to a sentence; information that is not given by the main verb. They are used to form the passive voice. They are used to form the continuous tense. They are used to form the perfect tense. Be, Do and Have are auxiliary verbs, they are irregular verbs and can be used as main verbs. The verbs 'to be' and 'to have' are the most commonly used auxiliary verbs and work alongside the main verbs in any statement. Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs, but will be treated separately, these are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would, they differ from the others in that they can never function as a main verb. To be Be is the most common verb in the English language. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is used a lot in its other forms. Base form = be Present form = am/is/are Past form = was/were Present Participle / Gerund = being Past Participle = been More on the Verb To Be To do The verb do is one of the most common verbs in English. It can be used as an auxiliary and a main verb. It is often used in questions. Base form = do 10 http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbmain.html http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/voicetext.html http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensetext.html http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensetext.html http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbaux.html#ToBe http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbaux.html#ToDo http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbaux.html#ToHave http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbirregular.htmlhttp://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbmodal.html http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbtobe.html Present form = do/does Past form = did Present Participle / Gerund = doing Past Participle = done More on the Verb To Do !Note - The auxiliary verb 'do' is always followed by the base form (infinitive). To have Have is one of the most common verbs in the English language. Base form = have Present form = have / has Past form = had Present Participle / Gerund = having Past Participle = had 11 http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbtodo.html 12 CHAPTER 11 Used to/past simple This is Charlie. When Charlie was a child, he used to go to the park with his granddad every Saturday. Charlie’s granddad used to push him on the swings and play football with him. Charlie’s granddad used to buy him an ice cream on the way home and tell stories. Now Charlie’s granddad is very old and can’t do those things. Butnow Charlie has his own son. He and his son go to the park every Saturday and Charlie pushes his son on the swings and plays football with him. Write about 3 – 5 things you used to do when you were a child that you don’t do now. When I was a child I used to…____________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Compare that to more recent times. Write 3 – 5 things that you did yesterday. Yesterday, I ________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Used to… Past simple Used to… Past simple go went play played like liked eat ate study studied sleep slept love loved write wrote I used to eat strawberries everyday. I ate a strawberry yesterday. 13 Simple Present Tense The simple present tense is used to discuss permanent situations and the frequency of events. To have Short form Other Verbs (to work) I have I've I work he has he's He works she has she's She works it has it's It works you have you've you work we have we've we work they have they've they work Statements + Statements - Questions Short answer + Short answer - I work. I don't work. Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don't. He works. He doesn't work. Does he work? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't. She works. She doesn't work. Does she work? Yes, she does. No, she doesn't. It works. It doesn't work. Does it work? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't. You work. You don't work. Do you work? Yes you do. No, you don't. We work. We don't work. Do we work? Yes we do. No, we don't. They work. They don't work. Do they work? Yes they do. No, they don't. Regular or permanent situations When something happens regularly or is a permanent situation we usually use the simple present tense. When using the simple present the verb (with the exception of the auxiliary verbs) remains in the dictionary form (verb + s with he/she/it). Simple Present Timeline For example: Q) "Where do you live?" A) "I live in Germany." Q) "Where does he live?" A) "He lives in Germany." Q) "What do you do?" A) "I'm a teacher." Q) "What does he do?" A) "He's a teacher." Frequency The simple present tense is also used to show how often something happens with adverbs of frequency - always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, etc.... And when discussing daily, weekly, monthly etc. routines. 14 http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/verbtext.html#AuxVerbs http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/adverbfreq.html For example: "I always get up at 6.00." "I never drink coffee before 12.00." "I work on my website every day." "Every Monday and Thursday I go to the gym." We also use the simple present to ask for and give instructions or to discuss a series of actions. For example: Q) How do I make pancakes?" A) Well, first you take 4 eggs and crack them into a bowl, then you weigh out 4 oz. of flour and sieve it into the eggs. etc. The simple present tense can also be used to discuss future events. 15 http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensesimpres.html#SimPresFut 16 CHAPTER 13 The Australian Emu Emus are large flightless birds. Emus are very fast runners (up to 50 kph). They run with a bouncy, swaying motion. Emus are usually nomadic, with some emus roaming over hundreds of kilometers. Adults Adult emus are covered with long, thick, drooping feathers that are dark brown to grey-brown which appear shaggy. Their heads have shorter "downy" feathers, a pointy beak, large bright eyes and often a blue throat. Emus have extremely long legs with 3 toed feet. They stand 1.5 to 2 metres tall and weigh up to 45 kg. Male and females emus look similar, though the female is usually larger. Voice Female emus make a deep-throated drumming sound using air sacs in their throats. The male sound is more harsh and "throatier". Chicks Emu chicks are covered with striped (brown to black) downy feathers, and have spotted heads. 17 Location & Habitat Emus are found throughout Australia in woods, scrubland, grassland and desert areas but not in Rainforests. Feeding The Emu feeds mainly on green herbage like grass, flowers and seeds, but they also eat insects such as grasshoppers. Emus try to drink once to twice a day. Predators Emus are most vulnerable as eggs or as chicks. Goannas and other large lizards eat Emu eggs and young emus are hunted by Dingoes, eagles, and non-native foxes, dogs & cats. Breeding Emus pair up for breeding once they are about 2 years old. The female lays 5 to 20 dark green eggs on a nest which is built by the male. The nest is on the ground, made of grass and weeds and is about 1 metre wide. The eggs are incubated by the male for 8 weeks. During this time the male rarely leaves the nest, but survives on a layer of fat he built up before nesting. When the eggs hatch the male cares for the hatchlings for 6 to 9 more months. Farming Emus are sometimes farmed. They are used for meat, leather and their feathers. 18 Fill in the right word: fly run long toes feathers rainforests ground Emus can’t .............................. but they can .......................... very fast. They have ......................... legs and three ................................ on each foot. They have shaggy grey - brown .............................. Emus do not live in .......................................... An emu makes its nest on the .................................................. Questions: How fast can an emu run ?....................................................................... What colour are emu feathers? ................................................................ How many toes do emus have? ............................................................... How tall are emus? ................................................................................... How heavy are emus? .............................................................................. Which is bigger, the male or the female? .............................................. What kind of habitat do emus live in ? ................................................. What do emus eat? .................................................................................... How often do they drink? …………………………………………….. What eats emu eggs? ............................................................................... What hunts young emus? .........................................................................How old are emus when they can breed? ................................................ How many eggs does the female lay? ....................................................... Which emu makes the nest?........... ....................................... ……………. How big is the nest?.... .......................................................... ……………. 19 What is the nest made of? ..................................................... …………….. Which emu sits on the nest to keep the eggs warm?................................ How long does incubation take?.........................................……………... How long does the male care for the chicks? ........................ …………….. Why are emus farmed? ........................................................... ……………. Choose the right word How tall? What is the........................? How heavy? What is the ...................? How fast? What is the .......................? How wide? What is the.....................? How long? What is the ......................? Match the word with the meaning: incubate vulnerable herbage habitat predator nomadic survive down able to be harmed green plants that animals eat stay alive soft fluffy feathers moving from place to place to keep eggs warm where an animal or plant lives an animal that hunts other animals length width height weight speed Write the abbreviation: Kilogram ................ Metre .................. Kilometre ........... Kilometres per hour .............. Abbreviations: m kph kg km 20 Word Search I S Z S A H F T R T E B T M K E H H E I G H T P A F N H Q N S L E O I A B E E T A O G N P O I R C M U N F R I E E I P F E M M D O O A R S B N F E M A L E A I E A E E L A A C W E E A I R D L X I S X H E G U W L M L G N I A S P U T Y R E B B L S O H U C R O E R R T T C A U E L C T E U P O N V E Y W R T L I T A L E E Z F P I M D E R E K A Q T E X T A Z M V E N A A C H M E I S E G Z S T E L N T T P J T L O S P M M H Q U Y V S L O F T E N Z R C H A V P I E A D F R A R E L Y H K A G N N I H H S C F O Z X O R Y I Find the following hidden words: male, extremely, female, flightless, habitat, hatch, height, herbage, hour, incubate, kilogram, location, male, nest, nomadic, often, predator, rarely, similar, survive, vulnerable, weight. 21 Crossword Puzzle Across 3. WHERE AN ANIMAL LIVES 4. ALIKE BUT NOT IDENTICAL 5. ANIMAL THAT HUNTS OTHER ANIMALS 6. POSITION 7. VERY 8. UNABLE TO FLY 10. HOW HEAVY SOMETHING IS 11. SOFT FINE FEATHERS Down 1. TO WANDER OR TRAVEL ABOUT 2. CAN BE HURT 3. GREEN LEAFY PLANTS 4. TO KEEP LIVING 9. KEEPING EGGS WARM 22 Answer Key Emus can’t fly but they can run very fast. They have long legs and three toes on each foot. They have shaggy grey-brown feathers. Emus do not live in rainforests. An emu makes its nest on the ground. Questions: How fast can an emu run ? Up to 50 kph What colour are emu feathers? Dark brown or grey-brown How many toes do emus have? 3 on each foot How tall are emus? 1.5 to 2 metres tall How heavy are emus? They weigh up to 45 kg Which is bigger, the male or the female? The female What kind of habitat do emus live in? Woods, scrub, bush or grassland What do emus eat? Grass, flowers, seeds and insects. How often do they drink? Twice a day What eats emu eggs? Goannas and other large lizards. What hunts young emus? Dingoes, eagles, and non-native foxes, dogs & cats. How old are emus when they can breed? About 2 years old. How many eggs does the female lay? From 5 to 20 eggs. Which emu makes the nest? The male emu How big is the nest? About a metre wide What is the nest made of? Grass and weeds Which emu sits on the nest to keep the eggs warm? The male emu. How long does incubation take? Eight weeks. How long does the male care for the chicks? For 6 to 9 months. Why are emus farmed? For meat, leather and their feathers. 23 Choose the right word How tall? What is the......height...? How heavy? What is the ....weight....? How fast? What is the ......speed......? How wide? What is the....width.....? How long? What it the ....length.....? Match the word with the meaning: incubate vulnerable herbage habitat predator nomadic survive down to keep eggs warm able to be harmed green plants that animals eat where an animal or plant lives an animal that hunts other animals moving from place to place stay alive soft fluffy feathers Abbreviations: Kilogram ......kg.......... Metre .........m......... Kilometre .....km...... Kilometres per hour ....kph.......... Crossword: Across: 3 habitat 4. similar 5. Predator 6. location 7. extremely 8. flightless 10. weight 11. down Down: 1. roam 2. vulnerable 3. herbage 4. survive 9. incubation 24 Picture This - Articles - a / an / the An = a, e, i, o, u A = b, c, d, .... This is an apple. This is a banana. This is a coat. This is a dress. This is an egg. This is an ice cream. This is an orange. This is an umbrella. 25 CHAPTER 13 A/An or The This is a house. This is the house where I live. This is a bed. This is the bed in my bedroom. This is a dress. This is the dress that I bought. 26 27 CHAPTER 14 It's important for people to eat as much as they need to give them energy. If they eat too little food or the wrong food they won't have enough energy. If they eat too much, they will need to make more exercise; otherwise they will put on weight. When we eat the correct quantity of food for the exercise we take, we call this the energy balance. Fat is very high in calories, and so is no help at all in keeping energy balance. Fat has also been linked with heart disease, and many experts believe that eating less would help to reduce it. Sugar isn't good for the energy balance either. The only value of the diet is to provide energy, and you can get that from other foods. There's no doubt that too much sugar makes you fat and it doesn't do your teeth much good either. Fibre, on the other hand is something that we eat too little of. One of the simplest ways of eating more fibre is to eat more bread, particularly whole meal, granary, or high fibre bread .It's a good, cheap source of fibre and nutrients without too many calories .Potatoes are good, too. Like bread, they are underrated, but they're excellent for filling you up without making you fat, especially if you don't cover them with butter or fry them in fat. So eat less fatty food (sweets, chocolate, cakes pudding, jam) and eat more fibre foods (bread, potatoes, pasta, fresh fruit and vegetables). Comprehension. A-Are these sentences true or false? Justify. 1-People won’t need to make exercise if they eat too much. ------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-When people eat too much they put on weight. --------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-Eating less fat would cause heart attacks. -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4-Sugar provides energy, but it causes obesity. ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-Fibre foods are good for the energy balance. --------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B-Answer these questions. 1-Give a title to the passage. --------------------------------------------------------------------2-Why is exercising necessary for good health? ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3-What does "the energy balance" mean? --------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 4-What are fatty foods? Give examples. ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5-What are fibre foods? Give examples. ------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C-Complete these sentences. 1-People eat a variety of foods so as to ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2-People mustn't eat the wrong food so as not to ----------------------------------------------------------- 3-If we don't exercise regularly, we ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4-People must eat fibre foods such as -------------------------------------------------------------------------- D-What do the underlined words in the text refer to? 1-it ------------------------------------------ 2-that --------------------------------------- 3-it ------------------------------------------ 4-them ------------------------------------- E-Find in the text words that mean almost the same as: 1-will be fat (paragraph 1) --------------------------------------------- 2-decrease and diminish (paragraph 2) ----------------------------- 3-give and supply (paragraph 3) --------------------------------------- 4-cook food in hot oil or fat (paragraph 4) -------------------------- 29 Some, any, no and derivatives Categories Affirmative (+) Negative(-) Interrogative(?) Countable / uncountable some no / not any any People Someone, somebody no one, nobody / not anyone, not anybody anyone, anybody Things something nothing, not anything anything Places somewhere nowhere, not anywhere anywhere Choose the correct alternative 1. __________ can perform this trick, even me with my poor skills. a) someone; b) no one; c) anyone; d) not everyone 2. Hardly __________ can be done to change his current situation. a) nothing; b) everything; c) something; d) anything 3. I need to stay __________ for a few days, can you help me? a) somewhere; b) nowhere; c) everywhere; d) not anywhere 4. Could you be so kind to buy __________ pineapples, please? a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 5. __________ balloons can be seen in the sky as the weather is awful. a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 6. ________ bus will take you to Vinnie Clark’s Avenue, wait for №6 only. a) every; b) any; c) not any; d) no 7. The children’s toys were _________ in the room, that’s why I had fallen. a) somewhere; b) nowhere; c) everywhere; d) not anywhere 8. I need ________ help, I’m a grownup, how many times should I tell you? a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 9. I have never done ___________ so stupid in my life before. a) nothing; b) everything; c) something; d) anything 10. Give me __________ time to think, it’s not an easy decision. a) every; b) some; c) no; d) not any 11. Will I get __________ video material to work with? a) anything; b) someone; c) everywhere; d) some 12. There isn’t __________ tea left, could you buy it after the work? a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 13. I feel that I need to change _________ in my life, but I don’t know what. a) nothing; b) everything; c) something; d) anything 14. Can __________ help me with the bags? They are very heavy. a) someone; b) no one; c) anyone; d) not everyone Some and its derivatives can be used in interrogative (?) sentences, when you request something (help) or offer your help: Would you like some coffee? (offer) Do you need some help? (offering your help) Will I get some advice? (requesting for help) Can I have some information in brief, please? (request) Any and its derivatives can be used in affirmative (+) sentences changing the sense. Compare: I need some help (you just need help with smth) I need any help (you will be glad to receive all possible help) Every is used with countable singular nouns, meaning “everyone of the group”. For example: Every citizen should pay taxes. (all citizens as a group) . Its derivatives are: everyone/everybody, everything, everywhere 30 Choose the correct alternative 1. Anyone can perform this trick, even me with my poor skills. a) someone; b) no one; c) anyone; d) not everyone 2. Hardly anything can be done to change his current situation. a) nothing; b) everything; c) something; d) anything 3. I need to stay somewhere for a few days, can you help me? a) somewhere; b) nowhere; c) everywhere; d) not anywhere 4. Could you be so kind to buy some pineapples, please? a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 5. No balloons can be seen in the sky as the weather is awful. a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 6. Not any bus will take you to Vinnie Clark’s Avenue, wait for №6 only. a) every; b) any; c) not any; d) no 7. The children’s toys were everywhere in the room, that’s why I had fallen. a) somewhere; b) nowhere; c) everywhere; d) not anywhere 8. I need no help, I’m a grownup, how many times should I tell you? a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 9. I have never done anything so stupid in my life before. a) nothing; b) everything; c) something; d) anything 10. Give me some time to think, it’s not an easy decision. a) every; b) some; c) no; d) not any 11. Will I get some video material to work with? a) anything; b) someone; c) everywhere; d) some 12. There isn’t any tea left, could you buy it after the work? a) every; b) some; c) no; d) any 13. I feel that I need to change something in my life, but I don’t know what. a) nothing; b) everything; c) something; d) anything 14. Can someone help me with the bags? They are very heavy. a) someone; b) no one; c) anyone; d) not everyone KEYS 31 32 33 34 CHAPTER 15 Hello! My name’s Karen. I’m 14 years old and I live in a big city in Britain called Leeds. Our city is full of busy streets, there are thousands of cars and tall block of flats. There are lots of megastores, too. I love them! They are colourful and exciting places. There are cinemas and you can get food that young people like. They often organize pop concerts. And of course there are interesting shops. I usually go to megastores to hang out with my friends. We drink cola, have a chat and have fun. I think shopping is great. I buy small things with my pocket money: magazines, chocolate or ice creams. I sometimes do small jobs and I get some money. I save the money then I go to a megastore. First I (with my friends) do some window-shopping. I look all the clothes in the shops. I often try on clothes. Now, I’m saving money for a pair of designer jeans. I hope I can get the money soon! Are the statements true (), false () or doesn’t it say (∅)? 1 Megastores are boring places. 2 Young people like going to megastores. 3 Boys don’t like shopping. 4 Karen likes shopping. 5 You can do a lot of things in megastores. 6 Karen likes orange clothes. 7 She usually does small jobs. 8 Karen and her friends alwaysbuy clothes when they go to the megastores. 9 She saves money. 10 She wants to buy a pair of designer shoes. Answer the questions. 1 What can you find in modern towns? _________________________________ 2 What is there in megastores? _________________________________ 3 Why do young people go to megastores? _________________________________ 4 How can Karen buy things? _________________________________ 5 What is window-shopping? _________________________________ MALLS IN THE CITY Complete the sentences. 1 Young people usually go to megastores to ____________________ with their friends. 2 You can get ______________ in megastores that young people like. 3 You can see ______________ in megastores because there are cinemas. 4 If you do small __________ you get money. 5 _________________ is when you look at the clothes through shop windows. Match the shops to the symbols. 1 bookshop 2 café 3 cinema 4 clothes shop 5 toiletries 6 fast food restaurant 7 furniture shop 8 hairdresser’s 9 jeweller’s 10 restaurant 11 shoe shop 12 stationer’s 13sweet-shop 14 electrical appliances 15 toy shop What about you? Do you often go to shops? Do you buy things yourself? What do you usually buy? Do you like window-shopping? Are there any megastores near where you live? What are your favourite shops? 35 a lot – much - many a) Answer the questions with I’ve got some but not much / many. 1. Have you got any money? – I’ve got some, but not much. 2. Have you got any coffee? - _______________________ 3. Have you got any books? - ________________________ 4. Have you got any apples? - _______________________ 5. Have you got any cheese? - _______________________ 6. Have you got any friends? - ______________________ 7. Have you got any lemonade? - _____________________ 8. Have you got any flowers? - ______________________ much + uncountables nounns much money much time much food much coffee many + plural nouns many books many people many shops many questions a lot (of) is more usual in positive sentences. c) Write questions. Use much and a lot 1. go to the cinema Do you go to the cinema much? 2. watch TV ________________ ________________ 3. go swimming ________________ ________________ 4. play tennis ________________ ________________ 5. travel ________________ ________________ b) Put in a lot / a lot of / much / many. 1. Do you drink __________ tea? 2. I like reading. I’ve got __________ books. 3. There isn’t __________ milk in the fridge. 4. It costs __________ money to travel round the world. 5. Please, be quick! I haven’t got __________ time. 6. How __________ foreign foreign languages do you speak 7. They didn’t ask me __________ questions. 8. There was __________ food at the party but I didn’t eat __________. 9. We saw __________ interesting things at the museum. 10. George knows __________ about economics. 11. We went on a cheap holiday. I didn’t cost __________. 12. Did you enjoy the party? – No, not __________ 13. Most of the town is modern – there aren’t __________ old buildings. 14. Most people in the town have jobs – there isn’t ________ unemployment. 36 37 How (many/ much) children are there? How (many/ much) food are there? How (many/ much) toothpaste is there? How (many/ much) cups are there? How (many/ much) coffee is there? How (many/ much) things are there? 1. 2. 3. 4 1. 5. 6. A . B . C. D .. C. 38 39 Quantity A lot of , much, many, a little, little, a few, few Singular Uncountable nouns a lot of much - a little (+) : not much, but enough - only a little - little (-) - very little Examples (words) a lot of rice much rice Examples (Sentences) There is a lot of rice in the bag. How much rice do you need? Mom: Would you like some more rice? Tom : Yes, please. Just a little. Plural Countable nouns a lot of many - a few (+) : not many, but enough - only a few - few (-) - very few Examples (words) a lot of oranges many oranges Mom : Would you like oranges? Tom : Yes, please. Just a few. Examples (Sentences) There are a lot of oranges in the basin. How many oranges do you want? The party is terrible. Only a few people came to enjoy there. The party is very terrible. Very few people came to join there. Created by Sukanya Sudararat 40 41 42 CHAPTER 16 It’s a rainy Saturday. It’s raining a lot and Mary and her family are spending the afternoon at home. Her uncles are visiting them. Mary and her father are in the living room. Mary is making a draw and her father, Mr.Harris, is surfing the net. They are also talking. Mary’s older brother, Peter, is in his bedroom playing computer games. He is a computer fanatic and he spends much time playing on the computer. His little brother, Jim is also in the living room. He is playing with his dinosaurs’ collection. Sometimes he teases Mary, he is a really naughty boy. Mary’s mother, Mrs. Harris, is in the kitchen preparing a snack for all of them. She is making some tea and talking to Mary’s uncles – Lucy and Tom. They are from the nearest town and stopped by to say hello. Fluffy, the family cat, is sleeping on the kitchen’s sofa. We can’t see him in the picture, but he is a true fluffy cat. Read the following text carefully. True or False? Correct the false ones. 1. It’s a rainy Sunday. -------------------------------------------------- 2. Mary and her father are in the living room. -------------------------------------------------- 3. She is watching television. -------------------------------------------------- 4. Mary’s father is making tea. -------------------------------------------------- 5. Peter is reading a book. -------------------------------------------------- 6. Jim is in his bedroom. -------------------------------------------------- 7. Mary’s uncles are sleeping in the guest room. -------------------------------------------------- 8. Fluffy is playing with its ball. -------------------------------------------------- Answer the questions about the text. 1. What day of the week is it? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Where is Mary? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3. What is she doing? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4. What is Mr. Harris doing? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Is Mrs. Harris preparing a snack in the kitchen? ---------------------------------------------------------------- 6. What is Fluffy, the cat, doing? ---------------------------------------------------------------- What are they doing? Use the following verbs: water / read /sleep / write / 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 You 43 Who is who? 1. He is sleeping.__________________________ 2. She is playing the guitar.__________________ 3. They are watching TV.____________________ 4. He is taking photos.______________________ 5. They are running.________________________ 6. They are drinking coffee.__________________ What are they doing? 1. Sara ___________________________________ 2. Mike ___________________________________ 3. Emily and Susan __________________________ 4. John ___________________________________ 5. Jane ___________________________________ 6. Sally ___________________________________7. Carl ___________________________________ 8. Mark ___________________________________ Answer the questions. 1. Is Laura running? ___________________________________________ 2. Are Betty and Ana eating? ___________________________________ 3. Is Kate eating? _____________________________________________ 4. Is Sally studying? ___________________________________________ 5. Are Emily and Susan cooking? ________________________________ 6. Is Paul working? ____________________________________________ John Sara Jane Mike Peter Mark Carl Mary Ana Kate Rosie Betty Sam Laura Linda Susan Emily Paul Sally 44 Introducing yourself: - Hello / Hi - It’s X speaking / calling - This is X. Ending the call: - Give me a call - Call me back. - I’ll give you a call - I have to let you go now. - I’d better leave Asking to speak with someone - I need to speak to… - I’m phoning to… - Is X in? - Can I talk to…? Connecting someone: - Could you hold for a second? - Hang on a second. - One moment, please. Taking a message for someone: - I’m afraid (s)he’s out. Would you like to leave a message? - I’ll tell him/her to call back - I’ll let him/her know that you called - Can I take a message? a. to say "hello" into the phone when it rings. b. something that you can record a message on if the person you are calling isn't home. c. a telephone conversation; to telephone. d. to call someone who called you first. e. to press the buttons on the phone. f. to put the receiver down and end a call. g. to answerthephone. 1. call 2. hang up 3. pick up 4. call back / phone back 5. dial 6. answer 7. answering machine Asking who is on the telephone: - Who is this? - Can I ask who is calling, please? How to reply when someone is not available: - I’m afraid X is not available at the moment. - Sorry, but X is not in right now. - S(he)’s busy right know. Can you call again later? - PHONE CONVERSATION 1. Match the words with the definitions: 2. Invent your own phone conversation. You can include the following expressions: 45 CHAPTER 17 46 Christmas in England In England, children do not get their presents on Christmas Eve, 24th of December. Father Christmas comes at night when everyone is asleep. His reindeer can fly and takes him from house to house to deliver all the gifts. They land on the roofs of the houses and then Father Christmas climbs down the chimney to leave the presents under the Christmas tree. In the morning of Christmas Day the 25thof December, children usually get up very early to unwrap their presents. Then they have plenty of time to play with their new toys. Christmas dinner is served in the early afternoon. Most people eat turkey, sprouts and loads of other vegetables, not forgetting Christmas pudding. The 26th of December is called Boxing Day. It has not always been a holiday. People used to go back to work on that day where their bosses gave them little Christmas presents in small boxes. That is why the day is called Boxing Day. Read the text again and then answer the questions below: 1. When do children get their presents? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where does Father Christmas’s Sleigh land? ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Where does he leave the presents? ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. What do people eat on that day? ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why is the 26th of December called Boxing Day? ___________________________________________________________________________ 47 48 Always Usually Sometimes Occasionally Often Never Seldom Frequently Almost Always Rarely Regularly Almost Never Frequency Adverbs come BEFORE other verbs. I usually arrive at school before my classmates. Frequency Adverbs come AFTER a BE verb. I am occasionally late for English classes. ‘Sometimes’ has four different positions. I get good grades in English, sometimes. Sometimes I study for hours. English is sometimes difficult to understand. I sometimes practice my speaking skills. Rewrite the following sentences using adverbs of frequency. Example: I eat dinner at Mom’s. I rarely eat dinner at Mom’s house. 1. Paul watches horror movies. 2. Paula and Paulo walk to school. 3. I make homemade spaghetti for my kids. 4. We volunteer at the hospital on weekends. 5. I drive to the local supermarket. 6. Mr. Browns sends his wife flowers. 7. Our parents travel to Orlando by plane. 8. Mike is sick with a toothache. 9. This driver fills up his gas with unleaded fuel. 10. Sara reads romance novels. 11. Dad is late for work. 12. Their car needs servicing. 13. Our internet service is off. 14. Boys are smarter than girls. Use frequency adverbs to answer these questions: 1. How often do you baby sit? 2. How often do you play the piano? 3. How often do you go to the movies 4. How often do you eat fast food? 5. How often do you go to the beach? 6. How often do you break the speed limit? 7. How often are you sleepy at work? 8. How often are you early for church? 9. How often do you call in sick? 10. How often do you listen to hip hop music? 49 CHAPTER 18 Complete the sentences below. Use the chart to decide which frequency adverb to use. 1. Mother _________ bakes cookies for the elderly. (100%) 2. She put chocolate chips in them ____________. (50%) 3. I have to __________ buy flour from the supermarket. (70%) 4. She __________ forgets to add sugar to her mixture. (20%) 5. Dad ____________ delivers the cookies if mom is busy. (40%) 6. I ________ eat any of the cookies because I am on a diet. (30%) 7. Tom and Mike ____________ take a few cookies to the office. (80%) 8. Mother _________ minds that! (0%) 9. Mom’s cookies are _________________ perfect! (90%) Look at the pictures and write sentences that use frequency adverbs. 1. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________________________________ _ 50 51 CHAPTER 19 Electronic books, or e-books, provide a new, cool, environmentally- friendly, and inexpensive way to read. Differing from their paper cousins only in the binding, e-books are stored and used as computer files rather than as ink on paper. One arena that might soon see the leap to e-book use is the classroom. Students would take their handheld e-book readers to the electronic bookstore, load their texts, carry the lot in their bookbag, and not notice the extra weight of a dozen full-length texts. E-books can be purchased directly on the Internet from hundreds of publishers or retail e-bookstores. In either case, pay with your credit or debit card, then download it directly as with a free book, or wait for it to arrive as an e-mail attachment, a disk or a CD. E-books can be viewed on a computer screen or using a book reader. About the size of a large trade paperback, these handheld e-book readers have high-resolution, easy-to-read screens, and a computer or telephone connector to obtain files. Better yet, they have enough memory to store many book files at once. Few conventional bookstores carry e-books yet, but it's a simple matter for a savvy person to findthem. The best bet is an Internet search engine, directory, or specialty information centre. There, locate e-books by author, subject, genre, ISBN, or title. The online versions of some giant bookstore chains also have searchable e-book sections. E-publishers and many of their authors have web pages. These have further information, plot summaries, reviews, pictures, and other good stuff. They usually provide several chapters to read free so you can try-before-you-buy, just as in a paper bookstore. If you read a book and like it, you could always write a review and send it to the author. Maybe it'll get published on the net with your name and web site attached. A few big-name authors such as Stephen King, Anne Rice, Frederic Forsyth, Diana Gabledon, and Colleen McCullough, as well as some large paper houses like Simon and Schuster have already put a toe in the e-book waters, and the field gets more crowded all the time. If you love paper books to death and just can't imagine reading any other way, don't panic. So far, e-books are an alternative to the traditional ones. They haven't replaced them ... yet. However, you don't have to be much of a prophet to note that since distributing books electronically is easier, faster, cheaper, and offers greater variety, we should soon see a lot more of them. Some promise to make the experience better than paper with multimedia readers. Others produce audio versions where the author reads it to you. Ah, indulgence. Keep in mind, you take the same chances buying an electronic book as a paper one. Maybe you won't like it after all. But the majority of electronic publishers screen their books carefully, insist on professional editing, and publish only the best. If you read an excerpt first and buy only from reputable publishers, you won't often be disappointed. THE FUTURE OF READING Electronic Books by Rick Sutcliffe Source: http://www.fazeteen.com/articles/ebooks.htm A) Say who or what the underlined words in the text refer to. 1. their ____________________ 2. they ____________________ 3. you _____________________ 4. it _______________________ 5. them ____________________ 6. them ____________________ 7. their ____________________ B) Match the antonyms. 1. inexpensive a) minority 2. retail b) upload 3. many c) wholesale 4. download d) expensive 5. big-name e) few 6. majority f) nobody C) Answer the questions about the text. 1. What’s the difference between traditional books and e-books? ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ 2. Where can we buy e-books? ___________________________ ___________________________ 3. What are the advantages of e- books comparatively to printed books? ___________________________ ___________________________ 4. Explain the meaning of the expression “put a toe in the e- book waters”. ___________________________ __________________________ 5. Is it possible to read some chapters of an e-book before you buy it? Quote from the text. ___________________________ ___________________________ _ 52 Speaking and listening – Pre-intermediate to Upper-intermediate 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 5 Let’s talk about the FUTURE Conversation cards What do you think the weather will be tomorrow? Give your prediction. What are you doing tonight? What fixed appointments do you have? What are you going to do tomorrow? Describe your plans to the class. Where do you see yourself ten years from now? Explain. Will pollution make the Earth uninhabitable? Discuss. Do you think doctors will clone people in the future? If so, do you agree? Explain. Do you think scientists will find a cure for AIDS and cancer? Will robots ever replace humans? If so, in what way? Do you think people will live longer? What is positive or negative about it? Do you think the world will be better or worse for future generations? Explain. If you’re single, when are you going to get married? How do you think your country will change in the future? How will transportation and travel change in the future? Give your views. What kind of job would you like to do in the future? How much will you earn? Do you think aliens will ever visit the Earth? When? What will happen? Do you believe in fortune tellers or horoscopes? Why or why not? Do you think you will ever travel, live or work abroad? Talk about it. What new inventions would you like to see in the future? Give reasons. # Do you think this will happen? Discuss. yes no maybe A nuclear war will destroy the Earth. Aliens will invade the Earth. Flying cars will solve the problem of traffic jams. Global warming will wipe out many animal species. Overpopulation will lead to mandatory euthanasia at 70. People will live for 150 years or more. Robots will take over routine household tasks. Scientists will invent a time machine. There will be a friendly alien encounter. Tourists will go on space holidays. Transporters (like in Star Trek) will be used. 6 53 WILL - to make decisions that are made at the time of speaking - to state a fact about the future - to make a promise - to make a prediction - with words like I think, I guess, I hope, probably, possibly BE GOING TO - a future event that has been planned before the time of speaking - to make a future prediction based on facts / evidence Fill in the blanks with the words into brackets using will or be going to. 1. My brother ______________________ (be) 45 in October. 2. - The phone is ringing and I’m in the shower! - Don’t worry Mark, I _______________________ (answer) for you. 3. James Jones ______________________________(probably / become) the next President. 4. Mum is unemployed but she _____________________________ (not / apply) for that job because it isn’t well-paid. 5. I’m so excited! We ________________________________ (move) to a bigger house next month. 6. My parents ___________________________ (be) very proud, I have passed all the exams. 7. I think my sister ______________________________ (pass) the exam, she has studied very hard so far. 8. I ________________________________ (take) the kids to the mountains this winter. 9. There isn’t any milk left in the fridge - I know, I __________________________________ (do) the shopping this afternoon. 10. There isn’t any milk left in the fridge - Oh sorry!, I __________________________________ (give) you some juice instead. 11. Look at the clouds, it _____________________________________ (rain); you should take an umbrella! 12. There’s a knock at the door; that __________________________ (be) the postman. 13. Boys __________________________ (be) boys! 14. When the cat is away, the mice ___________________________________ (play) 15. I’m not feeling well, I _________________________________ (faint). 16. It’s 11:00pm; I think I ___________________________________ (go) to bed now. 17. She _______________________________________ (meet) them at 6:00pm. 18. That _______________________________ (be) the book you are looking for. 19. There ________________________________ (be) a gale. 20. Sally is a big girl now, we _____________________________________ (buy) her a scooter. 54 Answer key 1. My brother will be 45 in October. 2. - The phone is ringing and I’m in the shower! - Don’t worry Mark, I will answer for you. 3. James Jones will probably become the next President. 4. Mum is unemployed but she isn’t going to apply for that job because it isn’t well-paid.5. I’m so excited! We are going to move to a bigger house next month. 6. My parents will be very proud, I have passed all the exams. 7. I think my sister will pass the exam, she has studied very hard so far. 8. I am going to take the kids to the mountains this winter. 9. There isn’t any milk left in the fridge - I know, I am going to do the shopping this afternoon. 10. There isn’t any milk left in the fridge - Oh sorry!, I will give you some juice instead. 11. Look at the clouds, it is going to rain; you should take an umbrella! 12. There’s a knock at the door; that will be the postman. 13. Boys will be boys! 14. When the cat is away, the mice will play 15. I’m not feeling well, I am going to faint. 16. It’s 11:00pm; I think I will go to bed now. 17. She is going to meet them at 6:00pm. 18. That will be the book you are looking for. 19. There is going to be a gale. 20. Sally is a big girl now, we will buy her a scooter. 55 56 CHAPTER 20 FAMILY AND FRIENDS – MY UNCLE My Uncle Chris is the best uncle I have ever had. He is tall, has dark hair and brown eyes. He isn't plum or thin, he is just right. He has a dark complexion and gets suntanned easily. Uncle Chris is a gardener, a car-mechanic, an electrician and an animal-lover all in one. He is unemployed but does a lot of odd jobs for people, who helps him a lot. He's got a great sense of humor. He's got lots of ideas, too. He's always very positive about things, never gets angry. I have never seen him shout or raise his voice at anyone. And he’s very friendly. I think that's why so many people like him and he's very popular among his family, friends and neighbours. He usually wears dark jeans and flannel shirts but when it’s cold he puts on his warm winter jacket and his funny red woolly hat. When he goes fishing he puts on his wellington boots and overalls and his baseball cap (he looks funny because it says "Fishing king). When there is a celebration in the family, a wedding or a birthday, Uncle Chris always dresses in a funny way, he does. Once, when he went to his nephew's wedding he was wearing a suit, which was all right but he forgot about it and went to feed the pigeons before coming to the wedding. Imagine what the suit looked like. Uncle Chris loves animals, can spend hours talking to them, caring about them and doing all sorts of jobs that one does when looking after animals. He keeps pigeons, fish, rabbits, a ferret and a dog. He is a great animal expert, know a lot about animals and always helps people when their pets are ill. Uncle Christ will be 57 tomorrow! Happy birthday Uncle Chris. From: Kompedium Szóstoklasisty, Papilon 1. Read and decide TRUE or FALSE 1. Uncle Chris is short. ………… 2. His is slim. ………… 3. He doesn’t work. ………… 4. He gets angry very often ………… 5. He has many friends. ………… 6. He likes fishing. ………… 7. He hates animals. ………… 8. He keeps cows. ………… 9. He knows little about animals. ………… 10. He is in his fifties ………… 2. Match the halves to make phrases. 1. about ……… a. a hat 2. dark …….. b. lots of ideas 3. get ……… c. job 4. fair ……… d. voice 5. wear ………. e. sweater 6.have ……… f. right 7. animal ……… g. lover 8. woolly ……… h. suntanned 9. odd ……… i. hair 10. raise ……… j. complexion 57 5. Read the text about Uncle Chris. Write some sentences about your family member or a friend. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................. FAMILY AND FRIENDS – MY UNCLE 3. Read the text again and write the names to the table ANIMALS CLOTHES APPEARANCE ……………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ………………………. 58 POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE One syllable long longer (than) (the) longest (of/in) hot hotter (than) (the) hottest (of/in) nice nicer (than) (the) nicest (of/in) Two syllables ending in consonant + y happy happier (than) (the) happiest (of/in) Two or More Syllables beautiful more beautiful (than) (the) most beautiful (of/in) Irregular Adjectives good better (than) (the) best (of/in) bad worse (than) (the) worst (of/in) a lot of / much / many more (than) (the) most (of/in) little less (than) (the) least (of/in) far farther / further (than) (the) farthest / furthest (of/in) * One syllable adjectives ending in vowel + consonant, double the consonant (big - bigger- the biggest), except when the consonant is 'w' , 'y' or ‘x’ (new - newer - the newest). * We use the Comparative to compare two things or people to each other. * We use the Superlative to compare one member of a group to the whole group. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Velma and Daphne. 1. Velma is shorter than Daphne. (short) 2. Velma is ________________________ Daphne. (fat) 3. Daphne is ____________________ Velma. (beautiful) 4. Velma is ___________________ Daphne. (intelligent) 5. Velma is ____ at solving mysteries ___ Daphne. (good) 6. Daphne has ___________ money _____ Velma. (much) 7. Daphne is ________ at finding clues ____ Velma. (bad) 8. Daphne is _____________________ Velma. (elegant) 9. Velma is ____________________ Daphne. (educated) 10. Daphne has __________ clothes ____ Velma. (modern) 59 Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Fred and Shaggy. 1. Fred is shorter than Shaggy. (short) 2. Fred is _______________________ Shaggy. (brave) 3. Shaggy is ________________________ Fred. (funny) 4. Fred is _______________________ Shaggy. (strong) 5. Shaggy is _______________________ Fred. (greedy) 6. Fred is _______________________ Shaggy. (clever) 7. Shaggy is ____________ at driving _____ Fred. (bad) 8. Fred is _______________________ Fred. (arrogant) 9. Shaggy is _________________________ Fred. (thin) 10. Shaggy is ______________________ Fred. (fearful) Look at the picture below and use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Scooby and his friends! 1. Fred is the strongest of all. (strong) 2. Velmais _____________________ of all. (intelligent) 3. Shaggy is ____________________ of all. (fearful) 4. Daphne is ____________________ of all. (pretty) 5. Scooby is ____________________ of all. (funny) 6. Fred is ______________________ of all. (brave) 7. Velma is _____________________ of all. (educated) 8. Shaggy is ____________________ of all. (shabby) 9. Daphne is ____________________ of all. (rich) 10. Scooby is ____________________ detective of all! (good) 60 Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Velma and Daphne. 1. Velma is shorter than Daphne. (short) 2. Velma is fatter than Daphne. (fat) 3. Daphne is more beautiful than Velma. (beautiful) 4. Velma is more intelligent than Daphne. (intelligent) 5. Velma is better at solving mysteries than Daphne. (good) 6. Daphne has more money than Velma. (much) 7. Daphne is worse at finding clues than Velma. (bad) 8. Daphne is more elegant than Velma. (elegant) 9. Velma is more educated than Daphne. (educated) 10. Daphne has more modern clothes than Velma. (modern) Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Fred and Shaggy. 1. Fred is shorter than Shaggy. (short) 2. Fred is braver than Shaggy. (brave) 3. Shaggy is funnier than Fred. (funny) 4. Fred is stronger than Shaggy. (strong) 5. Shaggy is greedier than Fred. (greedy) 6. Fred is cleverer than Shaggy. (clever) 7. Shaggy is worse at driving than Fred. (bad) 8. Fred is more arrogant than Fred. (arrogant) 9. Shaggy is thinner than Fred. (thin) 10. Shaggy is more fearful than Fred. (fearful) Look at the picture below and use the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets, to compare Scooby and his friends! 11. Fred is the strongest of all. (strong) 12. Velma is the most intelligent of all. (intelligent) 13. Shaggy is the most fearful of all. (fearful) 14. Daphne is the prettiest of all. (pretty) 15. Scooby is the funniest of all. (funny) 16. Fred is the bravest of all. (brave) 17. Velma is the most educated of all. (educated) 18. Shaggy is the shabbiest of all. (shabby) 19. Daphne is the richest of all. (rich) 20. Scooby is the best detective of all! (good) 61 62 CHAPTER 21 Swimming Edited by Mr. Djamel Eddine Chedni 1 Swimming is indoor, popular and water competitive sport game for singles and teams, which takes place in rectangular pools. Its history traced back long decades ago, but the first official swimming competitions started by the establishment of the International Swimming Federation, FINA, in 1908. The size of swimming pools is either long course pools; such as those used in the Olympic Games (50 m long by 25 m wide and at least 2 m depth) or short course pools; such as those used in the FINA Championships (25m). Competition swimming pools have starting blocks in order to help a competitor dives in water and also for electronically time recording of each competitor. In addition, swimmers, either men or women, wear special tools to ease diving and stroking; such as swim suits, a cap and goggles (to protect eyes from pool water and improve underwater vision). 63 Swimming Edited by Mr. Djamel Eddine Chedni 2 There are four (04) basic swimming categories, or styles, which are recognized by the International Amateur Swimming Federation (FINA); the breaststroke, the butterfly, the backstroke and freestyle (the crawl). 64 CAN: ability in the present, asking permission. COULD: ability in the past, polite requests, asking permission politely Name: ----------------- Surname: ------------ Number: ------------- Fill in the blanks with proper modal verbs 1) When Susan was five, she _________ read and write. 2) I _________ get up early today. Because it is Sunday. 3) Birds _________ fly but lions _________. 4) This bag is too heavy for you. _________ I help you? 5) I _________ wear school uniform at my school. 6) You _________ smoke here. It is forbidden. 7) _________ you turn on the lights, please? 8) I _________ help my mother with the housework. She is tired. 9) If you go to bed late, you _________ be late for the school. 10) You _________ do your homework if you want to go out. 11) _________ you help me with the cleaning? 12) I _________ drive to work last year but now I _________ as I moved to a new apartment. 13) _________ we go out tonight? 14) She _________ walk because she has broken her leg. 15) Rose _________ obey the rules but she didn’t. 16) You _________ pay the taxes regularly otherwise you _________ be punished. 17) You _________ park here. You _________ find a parkland. 18) She _________ win the match because she was ill. 19) We _________ buy tickets for the concert. Susan has already bought them. 20) My father is very talented. He _________ paint very well. 21) It is hot outside. You _________ wear you jacket. 22) It is raining heavily. You _________ take your umbrella. 23) You _________ use your mobile phone at the cinema. 24) My mother _________ go to the dentist. She has a terrible toothache. 25) _________ I borrow your camera tonight? 26) You _________ touch it. It is too hot. 27) You _________ be careful while driving. 28) When I was a young man, I _________ run fast. 29) _________ elephants jump? No, they _________. 30) You _________ pick up these flowers. Otherwise, my mother _________ get angry with you. MUST: internal obligation MUSTN’T: prohibition NEEDN’T, DON’T HAVE TO, no necessity HAVE TO:external obligation HAD TO: obligation in the past WOULD: polite or formal requests WILL: offers, opinions, hopes, warnings, fears, suggestions, promises SHALL: questions, offers with I and WE 65 Name: ----------------- Surname: ------------ Number: ------------- CAN: ability in the present, asking permission. COULD: ability in the past, polite requests, asking permission politely Fill in the blanks with proper modal verbs 1) When Susan was five, she _________ read and write. 2) I _________ get up early today. Because it is Sunday. 3) Birds _________ fly but lions _________. 4) This bag is too heavy for you. _________ I help you? 5) I _________ wear school uniform at my school. 6) You _________ smoke here. It is forbidden. 7) _________ you turn on the lights, please? 8) I _________ help my mother with the housework. She is tired. 9) If you go to bed late, you _________ be late for the school. 10) You _________ do your homework if you want to go out. 11) _________ you help me with the cleaning? 12) I _________ drive to work last year but now I _________ as I moved to a new apartment. 13) _________ we go out tonight? 14) She _________ walk because she has broken her leg. 15) Rose _________ obey the rules but she didn’t. 16) You _________ pay the taxes regularly otherwise you _________ be punished. 17) You _________ park here. You _________ find a parkland. 18) She _________ win the match because she was ill. 19) We _________ buy tickets for the concert. Susan has already bought them. 20) My father is very talented. He _________ paint very well. 21) It is hot outside. You _________ wear you jacket. 22) It is raining heavily. You _________ take your umbrella. 23) You _________ use your mobile phone at the cinema. 24) My mother_________ go to the dentist. She has a terrible toothache. 25) _________ I borrow your camera tonight? 26) You _________ touch it. It is too hot. 27) You _________ be careful while driving. 28) When I was a young man, I _________ run fast. 29) _________ elephants jump? No, they _________. 30) You _________ pick up these flowers. Otherwise, my mother _________ get angry with you. MUST: internal obligation MUSTN’T: prohibition NEEDN’T, DON’T HAVE TO, no necessity HAVE TO:external obligation HAD TO: obligation in the past WOULD: polite or formal requests WILL: offers, opinions, hopes, warnings, fears, suggestions, promises SHALL: questions, offers with I and WE 66 Fill in the blanks with proper modal verbs 1) When Susan was five, she ____could___ read and write. 2) I _needn’t/don’t have to_ get up early today. Because it is Sunday. 3) Birds ___can____ fly but lions ___can’t___. 4) This bag is too heavy for you. __shall/will___ I help you? 5) I __have to__ wear school uniform at my school. 6) You ___mustn’t___ smoke here. It is forbidden. 7) __would/could___ you turn on the lights, please? 8) I ___must__ help my mother with the housework. She is tired. 9) If you go to bed late, you __will____ be late for the school. 10) You ___have to___ do your homework if you want to go out. 11) ___will/would/could___ you help me with the cleaning? 12) I __had to__ drive to work last year but now I ___don’t have to/ needn’t__ as I moved to a new apartment. 13) __shall___ we go out tonight? 14) She __cannot__ walk because she has broken her leg. 15) Rose ___had to__ obey the rules but she didn’t. 16) You ___have to___ pay the taxes regularly otherwise you __will____ be punished. 17) You __mustn’t____ park here. You __have to___ find a parkland. 18) She __couldn’t___ win the match because she was ill. 19) We ___don’t have to/needn’t__ buy tickets for the concert. Susan has already bought them. 20) My father is very talented. He ___can____ paint very well. 21) It is hot outside. You ___don’t have to/needn’t__ wear you jacket. 22) It is raining heavily. You ___must__ take your umbrella. 23) You __mustn’t__ use your mobile phone at the cinema. 24) My mother __must___ go to the dentist. She has a terrible toothache. 25) __could/would__ I borrow your camera tonight? 26) You ___mustn’t___ touch it. It is too hot. 27) You __must___ be careful while driving. 28) When I was a young man, I ___could___ run fast. 29) ___can___ elephants jump? No, they ___cannot___. 30) You __mustn’t___ pick up these flowers. Otherwise, my mother ___will____ get angry with you. 67 68 CHAPTER 22 Answer the questions 1.What type of tv programme is garfield ?...................................... 2.In which channel is it broadcast?................................................ Say true or false 1_ Garfield is a historical film._______ 2-The series follows the life of a funny cat.________ 3_The series is broadcasted only on Monday.__________ Find in the text words that are opposites or synonyms of: broadcast=_________ , keen on=________Active ‡ __________,Thin ‡_____ Match each TV programme with its definition Weather forecast a prediction future weather Science fiction films deals with the life of cowboy Comedy films deals with things that don’t exist. Western films in which the main emphasis is fun at Read about the support then try to name 3 mentioned characters. 1- …………………………. 2- ………………………………… 3- ………………………………………… Reread the support again then try to answer the questions : 1-What does Sponge Bob look like ?..................................................... 2-Who is his best friend?............................................. 3-Is the series broadcasted on spacetoon? .......................................... One of my favourite tv program is Garfield,it is an American cartoon television series based on the comic strip Garfield by Jim Davis. The show was produced by Film Roman.It is programmed everyday at half past seven on channel six.The series follows the life of a fat, lazy Orange cat who wants nothing more out of life than to eat and sleep.He loves to lie ,eating lazagna and watching tv .My mother also loves this program and normally watches it with me,so we usually have something good to eat like popcorn,cheese ,biscuits or pizza while we watch the show together. Write an e- mail speaking about your likes and dislikes about tv program. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. SpongeBob is an American animated television series which shows the adventures of sponge Bob with his various friends .The character is an energetic and optimistic sea sponge . He looks like a kitchen sponge who lives in a pineapple under the sea with his pet snail, Gary, who meows like a cat. Gary doesn’t speak but understands well sponge bob. His best friend, Patrick Star, is a stupid friendly pink sea star who lives under a rock. Despite his "Mental Setbacks" Patrick considers himself as intelligent the series is programmed everyday at one o’clock on spacestoon. All my family loves this program and normally watches it with me,so we usually have something good to eat like chocolate,peanuts,tea and cakes. 69 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animated_television_series http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animated_television_series http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animated_television_series http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_strip http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Davis_(cartoonist) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_Roman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_%28tool%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_pineapple http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snail http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_%28SpongeBob_SquarePants%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisaster_brevispinus Tell me about the last time you… You laughed really hard. What was so funny? Tell me about the last time you… You went on vacation. Where did you go? How was it? Tell me about the last time you… Went to the movies. What movie did you see? How was it? Tell me about the last time you… You bought something ridiculously expensive. What was it? Tell me about the last time you… Read a good book. What book was it? What was it about? Tell me about the last time you… Stumbled and Fell. What happened? How did you feel?Tell me about the last time you… You had to apologize to someone. What was it for? Tell me about the last time you… Went to a live concert. Who was playing? Tell me about the last time you… Exercised/Played a sport. What was it? Tell me about the last time you… You were given a bad present. What was it? What did you do? Tell me about the last time you… You were angry with someone. What did you do? Tell me about the last time you… Ate a really delicious meal. Where was it? What did you eat? Tell me about the last time you… Felt like throwing your computer away. Why? What happened? Tell me about the last time you… Were late to work. Why? What did you say to your boss? Tell me about the last time you… Were extremely excited about something. What was it? Tell me about the last time you… Went dancing. What music did you dance to? Tell me about the last time you… Played an instrument. What instrument did you play? Tell me about the last time you… Helped someone. Who was it? How did you help them? Tell me about the last time you… Tried something new. What was it? How did it feel? Tell me about the last time you… Talked on the phone for a long time. Who was it with? Tell me about the last time you… Were surprised. What happened? 70 A. MATCH EACH SENTENCE WITH THE RIGHT PICTURE. 1. My mother served dinner at 8.30 pm. 2. I went to bed at 10.30 pm. 3. My mother woke me up at seven. 4. Then I played with my friends. 5. After school, I did my homework. 6. I prepared my schoolbag before going to bed. 7. I got up and went to the bathroom. 8. I had breakfast in the kitchen. I ate some toast and drank a glass of milk. 9. I had a shower. 10. My mother gave me my lunch to take to school. 11. I got dressed. 12. I went to school by bike. 71 B. Now copy the text in the right order. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ C. Answer the following questions about the text. (Follow the example). 1. Who woke me up? Your mother did. 2. What did I do after getting up? ______________________________________________________________ 72 3. Where did I have breakfast? _______________________________________________________________ 4. What did I have for breakfast? _______________________________________________________________ 5. How did I go to school? ______________________________________________________________ 6. What did I do after school? _____________________________________________________________ D. Ask the questions. 1. _________________________________________________________? I played with my friends after doing my homework. 2. _________________________________________________________? I had dinner at 8.30 pm. 3. _________________________________________________________? Yes, I prepared my schoolbag before going to bed. 4. _________________________________________________________? No, I didn’t go to bed at midnight. 73 E. Write a short text about what you did yesterday. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 74 75 CHAPTER 23 Read the text about Edinburgh and decide if the sentences below are True or False. Edinburgh A visit to Scotland often begins in Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland. Edinburgh is an old city with many important and interesting buildings. After London, Edinburgh is the second city for visitors in Britain. If you come to Edinburgh by train from the south, the first thing you see when you leave Waverley Station is Edinburgh Castle. It stands high over the city. Soldiers in kilts take visitors around and tell them the castle’s story. Edinburgh is a hilly city but it is a good city to visit on foot. After the castle, you can visit more of the Old Town. Go down the Royal Mile to Holyroodhouse - the Queen’s home when she comes to Edinburgh. It is three hundred years old. You can look at the shops on the Royal Mile or on Princes Street in the New Town. Some shops sell the famous Scottish tartans and you can see the name of the family which goes with each tartan. Near Princes Street is Charlotte Square, which is very beautiful. There is also the National Gallery of Scotland, with pictures from Scotland and from many other countries too. In August, you can visit the Edinburgh Festival, the biggest arts festival in the world with hundreds of different things to do and see. adapted from: Oxford Bookworms, 2002 TRUE FALSE 1 More people visit London than Edinburgh every year. 2 Edinburgh Castle is situated on a hill. 3 The Queen lives in Edinburgh Castle when she comes to Edinburgh. 4 In the national Gallery of Scotland you can see only Scottish paintings. 5 The Edinburgh Festival takes place in summer. 6 The text is taken from a Scottish novel. 76 77 EXERCISE: SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 1. I ……………………...(watch) TV when she ………………………....(call). 2. When the phone ……………………(ring), she ………………….…. (write) a letter. 3. While we ……………….….(have) the picnic, it (start)…………………. to rain. 4. What (you, do)…………….…. when the earthquake ………………..…(start) ? 5. I ………………..(listen) to my iPod, so I ……………..…..(not, hear) the fire alarm. 6. You ………………(listen) to me when I ………….……..(tell) you to turn the oven off. 7. While John …………………..(sleep) last night, someone …………….(steal) his car. 8. Sammy …………………(wait) for us when we ……………(get off) the plane. 9. While I ………………………….(write) the email, the computer suddenly went off. 10. Last night, she………………..…(call) Pizza Hut and the delivery man……………………..(deliver) her order right away. 11. A: What were you doing when you broke your leg? B: I ………………………………(snowboard). 12. When I ……………………...(walk) into the office, several people ……………….. (watch) news on CNN. 13. They………………………..(meet) my parents at eight this morning. 14. The salesman ……………….(help) the customer when the thief ………………...(come) into the store. 15. While I ………………………….… (study), she …………………………..…(cook). 16. Children……………………..(talk), when I……………………(fall) asleep. 17. What……………………………..(she,do) during her holiday last month? 18. While I………………………….(take ) a bath, Suze…………………..(fix) the door. 19. Yesterdaywe …………………….(play) at the park. I ………………………..(throw) the wood stick and my dog……………………….(catch) it for me. 20. What……………………………………..(you, do) during the Math class this morning? 78 KEY 1. I was watching (watch) TV when she called (call). 2. When the phone rang (ring), she was writing (write) a letter. 3. While we were having (have) the picnic, it (start)is starting to rain. 4. What (you, do)were you doing when the earthquake started(start) ? 5. I was listening (listen) to my iPod, so I didn’t hear (not, hear) the fire alarm. 6. You were listening (listen) to me when I told (tell) you to turn the oven off. 7. While John was sleeping (sleep) last night, someone was stealing (steal) his car. 8. Sammy was waiting(wait) for us when we got off (get off) the plane. 9. While I was writing (write) the email, the computer suddenly went off. 10. Last night, she called (call) Pizza Hut and the delivery man delivered (deliver) her order right away. 11. A: What were you doing when you broke your leg? B: I was snowboarding (snowboard). 12. When I walked (walk) into the office, several people were watching (watch) news on CNN. 13. They were meeting (meet) my parents at eight this morning. 14. The salesman was helping (help) the customer when the thief came(come) into the store. 15. While I was studying (study), she was cooking (cook). 16. Childrenwere talking (talk), when I fell (fall) asleep. 17. What was she doing (she,do) during her holiday last month? 18. While I was taking (take ) a bath, Suze was fixing (fix) the door. 19. Yesterday we played (play) at the park. I threw (throw) the wood stick and my dog caught (catch) it for me. 20. What were you doing (you, do) during the Math class this morning? 79 80 81 CHAPTER 24 Many seasoned tourists find they don't like staying in hotels, and that they prefer to avoid large cities. Does this description fit you? If the answer is yes, The Mountain View Camping Ground is for you. Our camping grounds overlook the spectacular Hampson Valley. We rent tents, bungalows and roulettes. If DIY yourself is your style bring your own tents or roulettes. All guests enjoy access to cooking facilities, bathrooms with bathing facilities, and a playground for the children. Our panoramic setting offers a wide variety of recreation activities as well as inspiring views of the mountains. Chisom, a quaint summer-resort village, is just 10 minutes by car. Take advantage of the many entertainment, shopping and relaxation opportunities including fitness centers, laundry/valet services, solariums and much more. Have lunch in one of the many restaurants and savor the tasty local cuisine. Mountain View Camping Ground offers fun, relaxation and opportunities for all types of outdoor activities. Call us today to find out how we can make your next holiday perfect. Valley View Camping Ground 82 Valley View Camping Ground 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? A first time tourist An old tourist A tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: A tall mountain An area between mountains A city center 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? A roulette A tent A bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? The guests The chef at the camping ground restaurant Doesn't say 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? Laundry/valet services A fitness center Recreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? At Valley View Camping Ground In Chisom In a bungalow The following page provides the answers to the comprehension quiz. Comprehension Quiz 83 I like you So do I I am French So am I I have got a pet So have I I don’t like sport I am not English I haven’t got a computer Neither do I Neither am I Neither have I You have to keep the same tense as in the previous statement Examples I was at Pat’s party so was I I didn’t like it neither did I I will go to Pat’s party so will I I won’t stay long neither will I I have been to Pat’s party so have I I have never been drunk neither have I 84 A) I cant play the guitar …………………………………………………..( my sister ) B) We haven’t got a pet at home …………………………………………….( my best friend ) C) You weren’t at school today ………………………………………….( I ) D) Kyle didn’t like the film ……………………………………………..( his parents ) E) Jessica won’t go on holiday to France …………………………………….( you ) F) They haven’t finished their homework yet ………………………………………( I ) G) Frank doesn’t live in a flat …………………………………………( Paul ) H) The Simpsons aren’t keen on Rap music ………………………………(we) I) She didn’t see Brenda at the birthday party …………………………….( I ) J) I don’t have to help at home ……………………………………..( my sister ) A) Peter lives in New York …………………………………………………………(his best friend ) B) Judy is fond of horse riding ……………………………………………………..( I ) C) My parents hate watching horror films ……………………………………………….( your parents ) D) You have got a computer in your bedroom ……………………………………………………..…(your sister ) E) they have already visited a lot of countries ………………………….( I ) F) My dog is very clever ………………………………………( yours ) G) Next summer I will go on holiday with my best friend ………………………………..…………..(my cousin ) H) Last year I won a medal in a tennis tournament ……………………………………………………..…………..( John and Mike ) I) I can play the piano very well …………………………………….……………( my mother ) J) We had a lot of homework to do for today ……………………………………………………( you ) 85 a) So does his best friend b) So am I c) So do my parents d) So has your sister e) So have I f) So is yours g) So will my cousin h) So did John and Mike i) So can my mother j) So did you a) Neither can my sister b) Neither has my best friend c) Neither was I d) Neitre did my parents e) Neither will you f) Neither have I g) Neither does Paul h) Neither are we i) Neither did I j) Neither does my sister 86 87 CHAPTER 25 Many seasoned tourists find they don't like staying in hotels, and that they prefer to avoid large cities. Does this description fit you? If the answer is yes, The Mountain View Camping Ground is for you. Our camping grounds overlook the spectacular Hampson Valley. We rent tents, bungalows and roulettes. If DIY yourself is your style bring your own tents or roulettes. All guests enjoy access to cooking facilities, bathrooms with bathing facilities, and a playground for the children. Our panoramic setting offers a wide variety of recreation activities as well as inspiring views of the mountains. Chisom, a quaint summer-resort village, is just 10 minutes by car. Take advantage of the many entertainment, shopping and relaxation opportunities including fitness centers, laundry/valet services, solariums and much more. Have lunch in one of the many restaurants and savor the tasty local cuisine. Mountain View Camping Ground offers fun, relaxation and opportunities for all types of outdoor activities. Call us today to find out how we can make your next holiday perfect. Valley View Camping Ground “Leave it.” Kelsey could not begin to fathom what she was hearing. In fact, a part of her began to feel she was in some sort of dream, unable to emerge to wakefulness. Even the contractor appeared flabbergasted. His mouth stayed in a half-open position, like a marionette waiting for its strings to be tugged. “Yes. Leave it,” Robert said again,speaking to the notion that someone in the room had asked him to clarify his words. No one had, but Robert understood the silence. What were the chances that an Indian burial ground would be found on the bucolic site where Robert and Kelsey had chosen to build their dream home? Why in the world would Robert not want to have the remains carted away, thought Kelsey. The last thing they needed were Indian poltergeists meandering around their home while the two of them were trying to renovate their marriage. Kelsey, usually deferential to her husband, knew that now was the time to make her position heard. She tried to cajole Robert away from the direction he was heading. “Sweetheart,” she cooed. “We don’t want to build on a site with human remains. It would be irreverent to the dead.” Immediately, she saw contempt in Robert’s eyes; it was a subtle reminder of how he often viewed her as superficial and self-absorbed. “What would be irreverent,” said Robert, his voice dripping with condescension, “would be to desecrate these Native graves and move them from their final resting place. Remember the culture.” No, Kelsey did not “remember the culture.” She could not care less about the culture. However, Robert, the history professor, was obviously enthralled by the contractor’s findings. He had an innate way of understanding other cultures and other people that amazed Kelsey. He did not have that gift with her. But something inside Kelsey said this was too much. She believed wholeheartedly in ghosts and could not imagine a life of them haunting her, rattling her cupboards, and shaking her floorboards. Kelsey had an unnerving sensation that problems were ahead. “Remains of a Marriage” 88 Valley View Camping Ground 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? A first time tourist An old tourist A tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: A tall mountain An area between mountains A city center 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? A roulette A tent A bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? The guests The chef at the camping ground restaurant Doesn't say 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? Laundry/valet services A fitness center Recreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? At Valley View Camping Ground In Chisom In a bungalow The following page provides the answers to the comprehension quiz. Comprehension Quiz Questions: 1) Which of the following best explains how Kelsey feels at the beginning of the story? A. unable to comprehend the current situation B. unable to comprehend the decision of her husband C. unaware of the problem at hand D. unwilling to confront a potentially life-threatening ordeal 2) As used at the beginning of the story, which is the best synonym for flabbergasted? A. dumbfounded B. hostile C. querulous D. unimpressed 3) In paragraph 2, the author writes, “His mouth stayed in a half-open position, like a marionette waiting for its strings to be tugged.” Which of the following literary techniques is used in this quotation? A. allusion, characterized by a casual reference to a literary or historical figure B. simile, characterized by a comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as” C. denotation, characterized by the usage of the literal definition of a word D. hyperbole, characterized by a gross exaggeration 4) The title of this passage makes use of which literary device? A. a pun, where one word has two meanings that are both used at the same time B. irony, where the words used mean the opposite of what they say C. foreshadowing, which hints at what is to come later in the story D. overstatement, where something is exaggerated for effect 5) Kelsey wants to have the remains removed because I. She is afraid of ghosts. II. Robert wants to leave them there. III. She respects Native cultures. A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II, and III 6) If Kelsey had chosen to be deferential (paragraph 6) to her husband, what would she have likely told him regarding his plans? A. "Good idea." B. "Don't be silly." C. "I'll leave you." D. "I’m not sure." Questions: 1) Which of the following best explains how Kelsey feels at the beginning of the story? A. unable to comprehend the current situation B. unable to comprehend the decision of her husband C. unaware of the problem at hand D. unwilling to confront a potentially life-threatening ordeal 2) As used at the beginning of the story, which is the best synonym for flabbergasted? A. dumbfounded B. hostile C. querulous D. unimpressed 3) In paragraph 2, the author writes, “His mouth stayed in a half-open position, like a marionette waiting for its strings to be tugged.” Which of the following literary techniques is used in this quotation? A. allusion, characterized by a casual reference to a literary or historical figure B. simile, characterized by a comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as” C. denotation, characterized by the usage of the literal definition of a word D. hyperbole, characterized by a gross exaggeration 4) The title of this passage makes use of which literary device? A. a pun, where one word has two meanings that are both used at the same time B. irony, where the words used mean the opposite of what they say C. foreshadowing, which hints at what is to come later in the story D. overstatement, where something is exaggerated for effect 5) Kelsey wants to have the remains removed because I. She is afraid of ghosts. II. Robert wants to leave them there. III. She respects Native cultures. A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II, and III 6) If Kelsey had chosen to be deferential (paragraph 6) to her husband, what would she have likely told him regarding his plans? A. "Good idea." B. "Don't be silly." C. "I'll leave you." D. "I’m not sure." 89 HAVE EVER BEEN TO EUROPE ? YES , I HAVE BEEN TO EUROPE . ( NO SPECIFIC TIME ) WHEN WERE YOU IN EUROPE ? I WAS IN EUROPE 2007 ... ( SPECIFIC TIME ) 90 Fill in with for, since, just, already, yet 1.- My son went to the supermarket but he hasn’t come back ……. 2.- Leonard has ……….. made his bed but he hasn’t called his girlfriend ……. 3.- Miriam has lived in Morocco ……………… she was ten years old. 4.- We have ………….. met the new teacher at the high school. 5.- The waiter has ………. brought me some coffee and biscuits. 6.-Have they visited London ………? No, they haven’t …………. gone there. 7.-That man has ............ come late again. His boss is very angry with him. 8.-Has the girl lived in France ……….. five years? Yes, she arrived five years ago. 9.-The plane has flown ………. twelve hours. 10.-The businessman has worked in the same office ……… he was twenty-five years old. 11.-There has been many accidents on this road ………… last year. 12.-John has performed the same play ……….. a long time. 13.- The woman hasn’t sold her car ………., but she wants to sell it. 14.- I have known my boyfriend ……………….. we were at primary school. WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN PRESENT PERFECT USING THESE WORDS 1.- How long/you/be/ in Africa? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 2.- I /be/ there/three years. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3.- How long/ he/ live/ in Berlin? ……………………………………………………………………………………. 4.- He / live/there/ 2002 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5.- How long /she/ wear/ that coat? …………………………………………………………………………….. 6.-She/ wear/it/ last winter. ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 7.-Where/ you/be/ today? ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8.- I /be/ at the hospital ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9.- How long/ the detective/ look/ for the man? ………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10.- He/ look/ for him two months. ………………………………………………………………………………… 11.-Why /she/take/my money? ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 12.- She / travel/round the world /for four years ……………………………………………………. 13.- Where /you/ put/ my keys? …………………………………………………………………………………… 14.- She /move/to a new house /in the country …………………………………………………………. 15.- How long/your friend/study/ German? ………………………………………………………………… 16.- She/study/German /1999 ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 17.- you/play/golf/ ever? ………………………………………………………………………….. 18.- The documentary /already/ finish …………………………………………………………………………. 19.-My teacher/not/explain/ that lesson/yet …………………………………………………………….. 20.- Kevin /give/ his mother/ a nice present ………………………………………………………………. 91 92 CHAPTER 26 Many seasoned tourists find they don't like staying in hotels, and that they prefer to avoid large cities. Does this description fit you? If the answer is yes, The Mountain View Camping Ground is for you. Our camping grounds overlook the spectacular Hampson Valley. We rent tents, bungalows and roulettes. If DIY yourself is your style bring your own tents or roulettes. All guests enjoy access to cooking facilities, bathrooms with bathing facilities, and a playground for the children. Our panoramic setting offers a wide variety of recreation activities as well as inspiring views of the mountains. Chisom, a quaint summer-resort village, is just 10 minutes by car. Take advantage of the many entertainment, shopping and relaxation opportunities including fitness centers, laundry/valet services, solariums and much more. Have lunch in one of the many restaurants and savor the tasty local cuisine. Mountain View Camping Ground offers fun, relaxation and opportunities for all types of outdoor activities. Call us today to find out how we can make your next holiday perfect. Valley View Camping Ground “Leave it.” Kelsey could not begin to fathom what she was hearing. In fact, a part of her began to feel she was in some sort of dream, unable to emerge to wakefulness. Even the contractor appeared flabbergasted. His mouth stayed in a half-open position, like a marionette waiting for its strings to be tugged. “Yes. Leave it,” Robert said again, speaking to the notion that someone in the room had asked him to clarify his words. No one had, but Robert understood the silence. What were the chances that an Indian burial ground would be found on the bucolic site where Robert and Kelsey had chosen to build their dream home? Why in the world would Robert not want to have the remains carted away, thought Kelsey. The last thing they needed were Indian poltergeists meandering around their home while the two of them were trying to renovate their marriage. Kelsey, usually deferential to her husband, knew that now was the time to make her position heard. She tried to cajole Robert away from the direction he was heading. “Sweetheart,” she cooed. “We don’t want to build on a site with human remains. It would be irreverent to the dead.” Immediately, she saw contempt in Robert’s eyes; it was a subtle reminder of how he often viewed her as superficial and self-absorbed. “What would be irreverent,” said Robert, his voice dripping with condescension, “would be to desecrate these Native graves and move them from their final resting place. Remember the culture.” No, Kelsey did not “remember the culture.” She could not care less about the culture. However, Robert, the history professor, was obviously enthralled by the contractor’s findings. He had an innate way of understanding other cultures and other people that amazed Kelsey. He did not have that gift with her. But something inside Kelsey said this was too much. She believed wholeheartedly in ghosts and could not imagine a life of them haunting her, rattling her cupboards, and shaking her floorboards. Kelsey had an unnerving sensation that problems were ahead. “Remains of a Marriage” Considering their wedding cost over $20,000 and took a year and a half to organize, you would be surprised to hear that Richard and Victoria Hammond now intend to forget it. Well, almost. "It was a wonderful wedding, an unbelievable day," says Victoria. "But we have so much we want to do together now, we are both looking to the future." Her husband, banker and amateur race driver Richard, agrees. "Both our minds are now fixed firmly on the future. I'll never forget our wedding ceremony or the reception we had at a cliff-side hotel afterwards, but there's so much we want, so many hopes. Our marriage is so much more important than the wedding." "At the moment, we are still living with my parents," explains Victoria, "so our first wish is to find our own place. We intend to start looking for a new house with all the modern conveniences in the suburbs in the new year." Both Victoria and husband Richard have a lot of siblings. Do they intend to add to the extended Hammond family? "We plan on having two or three children ourselves," Richard tells me. "Victoria is just wonderful with children and I can get 3 years paternity leave from my work, which is just perfect." The young couple has just returned from a two-week honeymoon spent in an authentic Scottish castle. Both the newly-weds are big travel lovers and Richard hopes this will continue. "I would like to go travelling as much as possible together. Travelling with someone else is such a sharing experience. I think it's sad to experience all the wonderful places in the world and have no-one else there." Victoria also has another great travel ambition that she might have to do alone. "I have always been fascinated by safari and my real wish is to go on safari. Richard has no interest in wildlife though." And what about the marriage itself? In a world with such a high divorce rate, how do Richard and Victoria hope to avoid all the problems that beset so many other couples? Richard explains thoughtfully that "our ambition is to always talk to each other. If you stop communicating, what chance do you have?" His wife goes along with that completely. "I hope that we can speak about things, but also not expect everything to be easy. I think many people expect the wedding to be the end of getting to know each other. I think it's the start." Just Married 93 Valley View Camping Ground 1. What type of tourist is described at the beginning of the reading? A first time tourist An old tourist A tourist who has traveled a lot 2. The camping grounds overlook: A tall mountain An area between mountains A city center 3. What type of accommodation can you not bring with you? A roulette A tent A bungalow 4. Who cooks dinner? The guests The chef at the camping ground restaurant Doesn't say 5. What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views? Laundry/valet services A fitness center Recreation activities 6. Where can tourists try the local cuisine? At Valley View Camping Ground In Chisom In a bungalow The following page provides the answers to the comprehension quiz. Comprehension Quiz Questions: 1) Which of the following best explains how Kelsey feels at the beginning of the story? A. unable to comprehend the current situation B. unable to comprehend the decision of her husband C. unaware of the problem at hand D. unwilling to confront a potentially life-threatening ordeal 2) As used at the beginning of the story, which is the best synonym for flabbergasted? A. dumbfounded B. hostile C. querulous D. unimpressed 3) In paragraph 2, the author writes, “His mouth stayed in a half-open position, like a marionette waiting for its strings to be tugged.” Which of the following literary techniques is used in this quotation? A. allusion, characterized by a casual reference to a literary or historical figure B. simile, characterized by a comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as” C. denotation, characterized by the usage of the literal definition of a word D. hyperbole, characterized by a gross exaggeration 4) The title of this passage makes use of which literary device? A. a pun, where one word has two meanings that are both used at the same time B. irony, where the words used meanthe opposite of what they say C. foreshadowing, which hints at what is to come later in the story D. overstatement, where something is exaggerated for effect 5) Kelsey wants to have the remains removed because I. She is afraid of ghosts. II. Robert wants to leave them there. III. She respects Native cultures. A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II, and III 6) If Kelsey had chosen to be deferential (paragraph 6) to her husband, what would she have likely told him regarding his plans? A. "Good idea." B. "Don't be silly." C. "I'll leave you." D. "I’m not sure." Questions: 1) Which of the following best explains how Kelsey feels at the beginning of the story? A. unable to comprehend the current situation B. unable to comprehend the decision of her husband C. unaware of the problem at hand D. unwilling to confront a potentially life-threatening ordeal 2) As used at the beginning of the story, which is the best synonym for flabbergasted? A. dumbfounded B. hostile C. querulous D. unimpressed 3) In paragraph 2, the author writes, “His mouth stayed in a half-open position, like a marionette waiting for its strings to be tugged.” Which of the following literary techniques is used in this quotation? A. allusion, characterized by a casual reference to a literary or historical figure B. simile, characterized by a comparison between two unlike things using “like” or “as” C. denotation, characterized by the usage of the literal definition of a word D. hyperbole, characterized by a gross exaggeration 4) The title of this passage makes use of which literary device? A. a pun, where one word has two meanings that are both used at the same time B. irony, where the words used mean the opposite of what they say C. foreshadowing, which hints at what is to come later in the story D. overstatement, where something is exaggerated for effect 5) Kelsey wants to have the remains removed because I. She is afraid of ghosts. II. Robert wants to leave them there. III. She respects Native cultures. A. I only B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II, and III 6) If Kelsey had chosen to be deferential (paragraph 6) to her husband, what would she have likely told him regarding his plans? A. "Good idea." B. "Don't be silly." C. "I'll leave you." D. "I’m not sure." 1. Victoria and Richard have been married for about a year and a half. True False 2. They got married in a dramatic location. True False 3. The wedding was expensive. True False 4. Their first ambition is to find a house to live in. True False 5. Victoria wants an old fashioned house. True False 6. They both have many brothers and sisters. True False 7. Richard can temporarily leave his job to look after his children. True False 8. Richard and Victoria have identical tastes regarding vacations. True False 9. Richard hopes to make talking an important part of their marriage. True False 10. Victoria thinks she now knows Richard sufficiently well. True False 94 Past Perfect Simple Exercises: We use the Past Perfect Simple for: An action which happened before another action in the past. Ex. When I arrived to the movie theater, the movie had finished. We can use the time clauses (when, after, before) to link two events in the past. We use the Past Perfect Simple for the event that took place first and the Past Simple for the more recent event. Ex. Many people had left, before the band started playing. We form the Past Perfect Simple by using the auxiliary verb had and a verb in Past Participle: Ex. Before the play was over, I had cried at least three times. 1.Put the verbs in parenthesis in the Past Perfect form. 1. Last night we went to a concert, but when we arrived, the music ______________________ (start). 2. My family had a barbecue last weekend, but when we got there, they ________________________ (eat) all the food. 3. Maria helped Jenny with her spring cleaning, before she realized, they _________________________ (finish). 4. Mark noticed that he wasn´t properly dressed after he _____________________ (see) all the other guests at the party. 5. Wendy finished her homework after she _____________________ (have) dinner with her family. Name: ________________________________________________________________ PAST PERFECTlight go offwatch tv action 1 past perfect 95 Example. It was in Mrs. John’s class that we noticed she hadn´t come to school. 2.Rewrite the following sentences in their negative form. 1. He had been to New York before. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. She had gone home before dark. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Mathew had finished eating before I arrived. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Liz and Mary had bought everything they needed by 5:00 pm. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. Tony had built his own house by the age of 25. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Match the two columns to make full sentences as in the example. In negative sentences, we add not to the auxiliary verb had. 1. When Tracy got home d 2. Derek had paid full price ___ 3. Before the fire started ___ 4. I had applied for another job ___ 5. Before now ___ 6. Thomas won the price ___ a. I had left the office. b. She had never been to France. c. Before I got the promotion. d. She noticed somebody had broken into it. e. Because everybody else had forgotten to turn in their projects. f. Before he realized there was a discount. Name: ________________________________________________________________ 96 Answer Key 1. 1 had started 2 had eaten 3 had finished 4 had seen 5 had had 2. 1 He hadn’t been to New York before. 2 She hadn’t gone home before dark. 3 Mathew hadn’t finished eating before I arrived. 4 Liz and Mary hadn’t bought everything they needed by 5:00 pm. 5 Tony hadn’t built his own house by the age of 25. 3. 1 d 2 f 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 e 97 98 CHAPTER 27 Lionel Messi: Soccer’s Superstar Lionel Messi is one of the world’s best soccer players. The Argentinean-born footballer currently plays for the Spanish champion FC Barcelona. His skills have already earned him a fortune. The 23-year old Messi has a contract that gives him about 50 million dollars a year. Messi’s coach Pep Guardiola says it is difficult to describe why Messi is so outstanding. He has the instinct needed to score against world class defenders in every match. The way he plays with the ball is phenomenal. It’s like the ball is connected to his foot. Messi came to Barcelona from Argentina at the age of 13. The club helped him overcome his small height by paying for a growth hormone treatment. Even today, at 5 feet and 7 inches he is surely not one of the tallest in the soccer world. Together with Xavi and Iniesta, they are the center piece of Barcelona’s offensive hurricane. All three of them graduated from the club’s football youth academy, which has become a model for clubs around the world. “Nobody plays the way Messi does”, says a leading Argentinean sports journalist. “He is like a child, not interested in tactics and winning. He just wants to play and enjoy it. “ Lionel Messi has contributed a lot to make FC Barcelona one of the best teams in the world. Within 18 days the team played four top-level matches against Real Madrid. The Madrid side tried everything to take Messi out of play but in the most important match, the first leg of the European Champions League semi final Messi scored both goals in Madrid. Lionel Messi has always been a shy person, as a boy and now as a soccer superstar. When Barcelona celebrated winning the Spanish championship Messi appeared on the sidelines as his teammates dancedon the pitch. Messi is often compared to other great soccer players, like Pele or Maradona. The two superstars of the last century however played a different game. At that time soccer was slower and you had more time and space to control the ball. Today everything happens in full speed and without a lot of space. 99 Even though Messi is one of the focal points of the Barcelona game, he never really plays that well in his Argentinean national team. Although he got his team through to the quarterfinals of the 2010 World Cup he failed at scoring the goals needed to defeat Germany. He doesn’t have a close relationship with his country because he left Argentina when he was a teenager. In the country of his birth Maradona is still the top star. In 1986 he won the World Cup with Argentina. Lionel Messi isn’t there yet but he has the talent to achieve what Maradona had before him. Words achieve = reach, get, do agree = to say yes although = while appear = come into view, show archrival = a team that you always want to win against, sometimes because they think they are better than you brilliant = very good celebrate = to have a party centrepiece = focus, attraction century = a hundred years champion = the best team in a country championship = competition in which teams play against each other to find out which one is the best close relationship = here: to feel strongly about; to be connected with a country’s life and culture coach = someone who trains a person or a team in sports confused = here: with good and bad sides connect = link, attach to contract = a written agreement contribute = add, give currently = at the moment defeat = to win against defender = person who tries to guard their own goal from the other team describe = explain why even though = while fail = not succeed failure = breakdown, collapse 100 focal = central, important fortune = a lot of money, wealth full speed = very fast graduate = to finish successfully growth hormone treatment = to give someone chemicals so they can control how fast they grow in contrast to = different than lead = direct, control leading = top, number one leg = part out of play = here: not to let him play his game outstanding = much better than the others overcome = to fight or win against, defeat pitch = a soccer field quarterfinals = the last eight teams in a tournament score = to make a goal shy = a person who does not want to have many contacts and does not want to talk a lot skill = talent side = team sidelines = outside the lines that form the edge of the field slum = parts of a city with bad houses , where very poor people live soccer = European football success = victory, to be a winner top-level = here: the two best teams in Spain 101 Part A) Pre-reading Activities: some lead-in questions 1. Do you like football? 2. Do you enjoy playing football? 3. Which team do you support? 4. Who do you think is the best football player at the moment? 5. Do you agree that the way football is played has changed recently? Is it played faster than 30 years ago? Part B) Answer the following comprehension questions in accordance with the text. 1. Who is L. Messi? ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 2. For which football club is he playing now? ......................................................................................................................................... 3. Where was Messi born? ......................................................................................................................................... 4. When did he come to Barcelona from Argentina? ......................................................................................................................................... 5. How did Messi overcome his small height problem? ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 6. Who was graduated from Barcelona’s football youth club? ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... 7. What is Messi’s personal trait? ......................................................................................................................................... 8. Who are the other football stars that Messi is compared to? ......................................................................................................................................... 102 Part C) TRUE-FALSE QUESTONS: circle the best response below about the reading passage 1. Messi was born in Spain. A) TRUE B) FALSE 2. Messi plays a dry football. A) TRUE B) FALSE 3. Barcelona club helped Messi with overcoming his small height. A) TRUE B) FALSE 4. Messi is a funny person. A) TRUE B) FALSE 5. Real Madrid and Barcelona are archrival opponent teams in Spain. A) TRUE B) FALSE Part D) VOCABULARY ACTIVITY: Fill-in the following gaps with the appropriate words from the box below. Agrees appears century confused Shy slums skills 1. Messi and Ronaldo have wonderful..........................in football. They are very talented. 2. There are many well-known people who were born in the.......................but later became very rich and famous. 3. A hundred years make a...................................................... 4. She is a very ........................person. She does not like talking much, and when someone speaks to her, she goes red immediately. 5. He never...........................with me. Whenever I say ‘yes’, he says ‘no!’ 6. I always get .........................with mathematical problems. 7. My cat usually...........................when the dinner time comes. 103 PREFIXES B. NEGATIVE PREFIXES A. COMMON PREFIXES. ANTI (AGAINST) anti-roads protestors anti-government troops INTER (BETWEEN international match interstate highways MINI (SMALL) minicomputer mini-bar MIS (WRONGLY) mishear miscalculate MULTI (MANY) multi-coloured multimillionaire OVER (TOO MUCH) overeating overcrowded POST (AFTER) post-war World postgraduate PRE (BEFORE) pre-match prehistoric RE (AGAIN) reunion reread SEMI (HALF) semicircle semi-skilled work SUPER (BIG superstore super-tanker UNDER (TOO LITTLE) underweight underpaid NON (NO) non-smoker non-stop BI (DOS) bilingual bilateral CO (TOGETHER) cooperate co-pilot IN- Inconsiderate. Incomplete IM- IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH M OR P Immature. Imperfect. Immoral. Impolite IR- IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH R Irregular. Irrational. Irresponsible IL- IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH L Illegal. Irrational UN- Undo. Unfair. Uncomfortable DIS- Dislike. DisabilityDE- Decrease MIS- Misunderstand. Misadventure MAL- Malformed 1. WRITE THE OPPOSITE OF THE WORDS BELLOW USING NEGATIVE PREFIXES. 1. EFFICIENCY_________________ 6. ACCEPTABLE ________________ 2. FAIR______________________7. RELEVANT _________________ 3. LEGALLY___________________ 8. REAL _____________________ 4. ABILITY ___________________ 9. VISIBLE ___________________ 5. LUCKY ____________________ 10. APPROVE __________________ 3. NOW COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS FROM EXERCISE 1. The police arrested the street musicians because they were performing__________. 2. Speaking other languages is a very useful___________________. 3. On a clear day the French coast is clearly ______________from the cliffs of Dover. 4. I have a ______________________problem with people who arrive late. 5. He was very__________________ not to be accepted by the university. 6. I’m not interested, furthermore, it’s totally______________ to me. 7. She wasn’t given a pay rise for her ___________________ at work. 8. We________________________ of smoking in any public place. 9. Smoking is generally less_____________ in the USA than it is in Europe. 10. She disagreed with the exam result because she thought the making had been___________. 2. FIND THE OPPOSITES OF THE WORDS BELLOW. 1. ADVANTAGE___________________________ 2. OFFENSIVE___________________________ 3. APPEAR______________________________ 4. ILLUSION____________________________ 5. CLOSE_______________________________ 6. ARM________________________________ 7. TRUST______________________________ 8. COURAGE_____________________________ 9. RESPONSIBLE_________________________ 10. APPOINT____________________________ 11. BELIEVE_____________________________ 12. INTERESTED__________________________ 13. CONTENT____________________________ 14. PROPER______________________________ 5. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY ADDING THE CORRECT PREFIX FROM THE TABLE. UN- DIS- IN- IM- OVER 1. I keep thinking of our holidays in Jamaica. They were really ________FORGETTABLE. 2. He relieves he isn’t going to die. He thinks he is ___MORTAL. 3. I was surprised by my mother’s call. It was very __EXPECTED. 4. Please find another chair. You look ___COMFORTABLE. 5. People don’t really like her. She’s very _____POPULAR. 6. His parents have punished her due to her _____OBEDIENCE. 7. He was very tired, so he ___DRESSED and went to bed. 8. The army’s behaviour during the war was very cruel. It was truly ___HUMAN. 9. John and I don’t get on well. We always ____AGREE about everything. 10. I didn’t like his Lasagna. It was ______COOKED. 11. She’s not a tidy person. The ___ORDER in her room is terrible. 12. I need a psychiatrist. I think I’m going ______SANE 4. FILL IN THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PREFIX: 1. Clark failed his maths exam, so he was really …………… appointed. 2. Peter is the most …………friendly person I’ve ever met. 3. I’m afraid we’ve ………………estimated the candidate’s qualities. 4. Mark speaks British and Spanish fluently; he is ………… lingual since his mother is from London and his father is from Madrid. 5. The research can’t be carried out without everybody’s …………operation. 6. Carl is an expert in ……………national law. 7. The athlete was ……………qualified for …………fair play. 8. The inhabitants are ………building the houses knocked down by the typhoon. 8. Patrick failed his geography exam in June, so he will ……sit in September. 9. The conditions they offered me were ……acceptable so I didn’t …new my contract. 10. Everybody was wearing …………formal clothes except for Sarah 11. Paul is …………confident, which makes him act rather …………responsibly. 12. Do you usually have lunch with your …………-workers? 13. I explained Tom what was happening, but he definitely ……………understood my point of view. 14. Sam went to bed so late yesterday that he ……………slept and didn’t get to work in time this morning. 15. The two ministers are participating in a …………lateral conference. 16. You shouldn’t drink this water unless it’s been ……………infected before. 17. This is the most …………comfortable sofa I’ve ever sat on. 18. The village is to celebrate the ………centenary of its foundation. 19. I can’t understand Pam’s letter; her handwriting is definitely ……legible. 20. Students prefer …………-educational schools, but the Minister of Education think boys and girls should go to different schools. 21. In the 19th century most people couldn’t read or write; they were ………literate. 22. Patrick used to be rather rude and ………polite as a child, but now he’s a 104 CHAPTER 28 SUFFIXES. NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning Example -ACY state or quality privacy -AL act or process of refusal -ANCE, - ENCE state or quality of maintenance, eminence -DOM place or state of being freedom, kingdom -ER, -OR one who trainer, protector -ISM doctrine, belief communism -IST one who chemist -ITY, -TY quality of veracity -MENT condition of argument -NESS state of being heaviness -SHIP position held fellowship -SION, - TION state of being concession, transition VERB SUFFIXES -ATE become eradicate -EN become enlighten -IFY, -FY make or become terrify -IZE, -ISE become civilize ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES -ABLE,- IBLE capable of being edible, presentable -AL pertaining to regional -ESQUE reminiscent of picturesque -FUL notable for fanciful -IC, -ICAL pertaining to musical, mythic -IOUS, -OUS characterized by nutritious, portentous -ISH having the quality of fiendish -IVE having the nature of creative -LESS without endless -Y characterized by sleazy ADVERB. SUFFIXES - LY Happy / happily 1.DERIVE NOUNS FROM VERBS USING THE SUFFIXES IN THE BOX. 1. MANAGE__________________ 2. PUNISH__________________ 3. PRONOUNCE_______________ 4. INVENT__________________ 5. EDUCATE_________________ 6. GOVERN_________________ 7. ARRIVE__________________ 8. EXCITE__________________ 9. ANGRY __________________ 2. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH NOUNS DERIVED FROM EXERCISE 1 1. The aeroplane is one of the best______________ of modern times. 2. His_______________ at 6 0’clock in the morning caught them unaware. 3. He had a very academic _____________________at school. 4. When I was a school child, the only form of _______________was a detention. 5. They are going to take over the _________________of the factory next month. 6. The Prime Minister will announce the new__________________ tomorrow. 7. His ___________ of English is so poor that it is very difficult to understand him. 8. The children were full of _____________________because their summer holidays were going to start the following day. 3. NOUNS FROM ADJECTIVES. a. HAPPY__________________ B. REGULAR ________________ C. PATIENT________________ D. EFFICIENT_______________ E. OPERATED_____________ F. ELEGANT________________ G. SUPERIOR______________ H. LONELY _________________ I. MAD___________________ J. PRIVATE________________ K. INNOCENT _______________ L. PRESENT_________________ m. RELEVANT ____________ N. POPULATED ______________ O. PRIVATE.________________ 4. NOUNS FROM ADJECTIVES. SOME IRREGULAR ONES: A. HIGH________________ B. YOUNG_______________ C. LONG ________________ D. DANGEROUS_________ E. STRONG______________ F. TRUE________________ G. POOR________________ H. DEAD ________________ 6. DERIVE THE CORRECT WORD IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. 1. An ________________ (accident) discharge of toxic waste has led to pollution of the water in the river. 2. He has been _________ (action) in local politics for some years. 3. It was an _____________________ (adventure) expedition up the Amazon which we can never forget. 4. She was very _______ (anger) whenshe heard what happened. 5. He gave her a __________________ (beauty) bunch of flowers for her birthday. 6. Despite his age, he still retains his __________ (boy) good looks. 7. He gave us a _______ (briefly) first-hand account of the event. 8. I have enough work to keep me ______________ (business) for the whole week. 9. Sarah is extremely _______________ (care) of her reputation. 10. I have always been very ____________ (caution) about spending money. 11. He is lucky to own a house that is very _____________ (centre). 12. It's so ______________ (child) of her to behave in that way. 13. She decides not to be ________________ (choose) but to accept the first job offer that comes along. 14. Her mother bought an imported ______________ (circle) table for dinning. 15. It was a _________ (collect) decision to stage a walk-out in protest. 16. He feels extremely ______________ (comfort) and relaxed in the Firsts Class cabin. 17. His _____________ (coward) act of holding a child hostage is really contemptible. 18. Nowadays less people are ___________ (cruelty) to animals 19. Not all snakes are ______________ (danger) to human beings. 20. John took a ______ (depth) breath and blew into the balloon. 21. Once again he's proving himself to be a player of great __________ (able). 22. John will be in charge during the boss's _________ (absent). 23. We met quite by _____________ (accidental) at the airport. 24. She recognized him as an old ________________ (acquaint). 25. The police took quick ____________ (act) to deal with the robbery. 26. I never ever shouted at you in ___________ (angry), have I? 27. I find the constant barking of the neighbour’s dog an _____________________ (annoy). 28. He is always worried about his ________________ (appear). 29. He was rushed to the hospital but was dead on __________ (arrive). 30. We must pay ______________ (attend) in class. 31. She is a woman of great ____________ (beautiful). 32. We pay our telephone bill at the _____________ (begin) of the month. 33. The naughty boys were punished for their bad ___________ (behave). 34. Saving a drowning man is regarded by most as an act of ___________ (brave). 5.ADJECTIVES FROM NOUNS AND VERBS 1. BEAUTY____________________ 2. DANGER____________________ 3. CARE______________________ 4. IMAGINATION_______________ 5. COMFORT___________________ 6. CENTRE____________________ 7. PRACTICE___________________ 11. FOOL______________________ 12. ACCIDENT___________________ 13. FUNDAMENT_________________ 14. ATTRACT____________________ 15. MANAGE____________________ 16. UNDERSTAND_________________ 17. BOY_______________________ 18. POWER_____________________ 19.NATION___________________ 105 106 CHAPTER 29CHAPTER 28 Why is drinking alcohol so popular at the high school level? As a high school student, I think I have a thorough understanding of what is going on. Most people would agree that alcohol can be dangerous and quite damaging, directly or indirectly. The only people who believe otherwise are either denying a known fact or are extremely ignorant. Most people would agree that being drunk isn't very pleasurable since they lose control over many of their actions, and afterwards, as a direct result, feel darn sick. Personally, I feel as though vomiting isn't much fun, but maybe it's me. Okay, let's be entirely honest. What enjoyment is gained from drinking? I think I have an answer, and I'll admit now I may be entirely off-base, but I have confidence in my theory: Drinking gives a sense of infantile satisfaction. When I was a junior, my English teacher (to make a point) put an envelope on his desk that was labelled "dirty pictures" and he said nobody was to touch it. A child feels a strong curiosity when told she or he cannot drink alcohol. Every child loves to disobey the "rules". So she or he is compelled to try it. The reason why drinking is so popular among high school students is because it is considered fun and acceptable to break rules. I have only one piece of advice for these drinkers: take responsibility for yourself and ask yourself why you are drinking. Teenagers couldn't give an intelligent answer to justify their actions. And "It's fun!" is not an intelligent answer. To put it nutshell: grow up, you are impressing no one but other immature people. Sherry C.(adapted) A) Find words in the first four paragraphs of the text that mean approximately the same as: 1. comprehensive 2. risky 3. harmful 4. agreeable 5. completely 6. satisfaction 107 B) Say who or what the underlined words in the text refer to. 1. who 2. they 3. his 4. it 5. it C) Find evidence in the text for the following statements. 1. The author of the text is a teenage student. 2. It is commonly accepted that drinking alcohol is wrong. 3. Drunk people don’t control their actions. 4. High school students drink alcohol for fun and to disobey orders. 5. Drinking alcohol is an immature behaviour. D) Topics for discussion. 1. Try to give a proper answer to the title of the text. 2. “it is (…) fun and acceptable to break rules.” Do you agree with this sentence? Justify. 3. May we consider alcohol as a drug? 4. What are some of the characteristics of drunk people? 5. Is alcohol addictive? What about tea, coffee, and chocolate? 6. Are some people more easily addicted to alcohol than others? 7. Do some people have addictive personalities? 8. Do you agree that "once an addict, always an addict"? 108 A) 1. comprehensive – thorough 2. risky – dangerous 3. harmful – damaging 4. agreeable – pleasurable 5. completely – entirely 6. satisfaction – enjoyment B) 1. who – refers to people 2. they – refers to the people who are drunk 3. his – refers to the English teacher’s 4. it – refers to the envelope 5. it – refers to drinking alcohol C) 1. “As a high school student, I think …” 2. “Most people would agree that alcohol can be dangerous and quite damaging” 3. “…being drunk isn't very pleasurable since they lose control over many of their actions…” 4. “The reason why drinking is so popular among high school students is because it is considered fun and acceptable to break rules.” 5. “To put it nutshell: grow up, you are impressing no one but other immature people.” 109 Phrasal Verbs Exercises By Verb: Look For each space in each sentence, use the verb Look (in the correct tense) with one of the prepositions from the box. Sometimes you need to put the object/pronoun between the main verb and the preposition - in these cases, the object/pronoun can be found in the brackets. Out Into After Forward Up to Up For Over On Ahead 1. Can you __________________________ my pet goldfish for a few days while I am away on holiday? 2. Children often ____________________________ to Christmas from November onwards. 3. If I try to read an English book, I get frustrated because I have to _________________________ too many words in the dictionary. 4. The teacher was sacked because he had____________________________ while two student were fighting and had done nothing to stop them. 5. My teacher ________________________________ my composition quickly before I gave it in just to see I had answered the question correctly. 6. _________________________ to tomorrow evening on Channel 4, we have a documentary about the Middle East. 7. Hank has always __________________________________ his Uncle Peter. He treats him like a hero.8. If you are going to the supermarket, can you ______________________________ for that new make of butter I was tying to find the other day. 9. I have been _______________________________ my mobile phone all morning. I can't find it anywhere. 10. Police are _______________________________ reports of a strange flying object last night. Many people are convinced it was a flying saucer. 110 CHAPTER 29 111 112 CHAPTER 30 Sheet 8 Dinosaurs – Tyrannosaurus The name Tyrannosaurus means tyrant reptile and could grow to 12 meters long. He lived over 65 million years ago, weighed about 6000 kgs and ate large animals. The Tyrannosaurus was the king of the dinosaurs and certainly the most famous. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, or T-Rex as he is better known, has lived in the imaginations of children and adults for decades. For almost 90 years, the T-Rex was the largest known predator to have ever walked on earth. It was not until Giganotosaurus was discovered in Argentina in the 1990’s that T-Rex was beat by a larger discovered predator. Tyrannosaurus was one of the last dinosaurs to die out. Being a late Theropod, it had just two digits, or fingers, in its upper forearm; the early Theropods had four digits. As the age of dinosaurs progressed, they slowly lost fingers to three then finally two. Their arms also became much smaller. Tyrannosaurus’ arms were so short that they were probably not very useful. Its huge head which was about four and a half feet long, could have been used to swallow a human in one bite. In order to reduce the weight, Tyrannosaurus’ head was full of holes, an adaption seen in many dinosaurs. Can you answer these questions? 1) How long was T-Rex? _____________________________________ 2) How many fingers did he have on one arm? _____________________ 3) How long ago did he live? __________________________________ 4) What was his head full of? _________________________________ 5) How much did he weigh? ___________________________________ 6) What did he eat? ________________________________________ 7) How long is his head? _____________________________________ 8) What dinosaur was bigger than T-Rex? ________________________ 9) What does the name Tyrannosaurus mean? _____________________ 113 114 REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES & REQUESTS DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH Go away Don’t worry Can you help me? She told him TO GO AWAY The doctor told me NOT TO WORRY I asked the man TO HELP ME. To report imperatives or requests use TOLD or ASKED + PERSON + (NOT) TO + INFINITIVE VERB You can’t use SAID in these sentences ( she said him to go away) The teacher told us Don’t light fire in this park Bring your literature books tomorrow Don’t fish in this river Stay away from me. Don’t run in the corridor. Sleep eight hours a day. Can you open a window? Can you take this to my office? Could you give me a glass of water? Make your bed and have breakfast quickly 115 156 CHAPTER 31 The Beatles. The Beatles The Beatles in 1964 Top: John Lennon, Paul McCartney Bottom: George Harrison, Ringo Starr Rooted in skiffle and celebrated by some as the fathers of 1950s rock and roll, the group later worked with many styles, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. Their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania"; and as their songs became more sophisticated by the late 1960s, many fans and cultural observers thought they were the poster boys for the sociocultural revolution. Initially a five-piece lineup they built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period. Moulded into a professional act by manager Brian Epstein, their musical potential was enhanced by the creativity of producer George Martin. They gained popularity in the United Kingdom after their first single, "Love Me Do", became a hit in 1962, and they got the nickname the "Fab Four" as Beatlemania grew in Britain over the following year. By early 1964 they had become international stars, leading the "British Invasion" of the United States pop market. The band toured around the world until August 1966, when they performed their final commercial concert. During this time they produced what many critics consider to be some of their finest material. After their break-up in 1970, the ex-Beatles each found success in individual musical careers. Lennon was murdered in 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain active. The Beatles also called the ‘Fab Four’ were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960, and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Best-selling band in history. 1 billon sales. More number-one albums on the UK charts and held the top spot longer than any other musical act. Sold more albums in the US than any other artist They have received 7 Grammy Awards 15 Ivor Novello Awards. And in the Times Top 100 most influential people of the 20th Century. 157 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lennon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringo_Starr http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_roll http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_music http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatlemania http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Epstein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Epstein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Epstein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Martin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Me_Do http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_John_Lennon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Fabs.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards The counterculture of the 1960s refers to a cultural event that mainly developed in the United States and spread throughout much of the western world between 1960 and 1973. The movement grew quickly during the U.S. government's military intervention in Vietnam. As the 1960s progressed, widespread tensions developed in American society around the war in Vietnam, race relations, sexual freedom, women's rights, traditional ideas of authority, experimentation with drugs, and different interpretations of the American Dream. New cultural forms emerged, including the pop music of the British band The Beatles and the rise of hippie culture, which led to the youth subculture that wanted more change and experimentation. In addition to the Beatles, many songwriters, singers and musical groups from the United Kingdom and America came to impact the counterculture movement. Jentri Anders, who studies people and behaviour, observed that the times showed a new approach to freedom in the counterculture community: The Peace Sign, designed and first used in Britain in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, became a major symbol of the times. "freedom to explore one’s potential, freedom to create one’s Self, freedom of personal expression” counterculture wished to change children's education so that it didn't discourage, but rather encouraged "aesthetic sense, love of nature, passion for music, desire for reflection, and a strong need for independence." 158 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960s http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_relations http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexuality http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rights http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Dream http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music#1960s http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beatles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippie http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_subculture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peace_sign.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_symbols http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament They won’t agree on the project, will they? He hasn’t had dinner, yet, has he? He’s broken his leg, hasn’t he? He didn’t lose weight, did he? She won the race, didn’t she? He doesn’t like working, does he? He likes hamburgers, doesn’t he? She hasn’t got much free time, has she? He’s got an old car, hasn’t he? He isn’t very strong, is he? His dog is nice, isn’t it? They will be happy together, won’t they? QUESTION TAGS 159 EXERCISE 1 CHOOSE THE RIGHT OPTION: 1.- You aren’t going to invite him, ..... a) is he? c) do you? b) are you? d) does he? 2.- She’s very late, ... a) isn’t she? c) has she? b) Is she? d) hasn’t she? 3.- He doesn’t like pop music, ... a) doesn’t he? c) isn’t it? b) isn’t he? d) does he? 4.- The meeting’s on Tuesday, ... a) does it? c) doesn’t it? b) is it? d) isn’t it? 5.- You haven’t got five pounds on you, ... a) do you? c) haven’t you? b) have you? d) don’t you? 6.- We’ll have to hurry, ... a) won’t we? c) will we? b) don’t we? d) aren’t we? 7.- You won’t be late tonight, ... a) don’t you? c) do you? b) isn’t it? d) will you? 8.- Ann was away yesterday, ... a) wasn’t she? c) isn’t she? b) didn’t she? d) did she? 9.- She can’t swim, ... a) can she? c) doesn’t she? b) can’t she? d) is she? 10.- You like Bach, ... a) isn’t he? c) aren’t you? b) don’t you? d) do you? 11.- Your mother isn’t too strict, ... a) is she? c) isn’t she? b) does she? d) isn’t it? 12.- You’d like a drink, ... a) don’t you? c) wouldn’t you? b) do you? d) won’t you? 13.- Joan wasn’t at the party, ... a) was she? c) wasn’t it? b) didn’t she? d) did she? 14.- You went to school in Scotland, ... a) did you? c) were you? b) didn’t you? d) weren’t you? 15.- Mary doesn’t know I’m here, ... a) am I? c) do I? b) does she? d) don’t I? 16.- Doctor, I’m not ill, ... a) are you? c) aren’t I? b) am I? d) do I? 17.- I should phone my parents more often, ... a) don’t they? c) shouldn’t I? b) are they? d) shall I? 18.- She’s worked for that firm for a long time, ... a) isn’t she? c) does she? b) hasn’t she? d) doesn’t she? 19.- You’d help me if you could, ... a) couldn’t you? c) don’t you? b) wouldn’t you? d) do you? 20.- She’s already got up, ... a) hasn’t she? c) isn’t it? b) is she? d) doesn’t she? 21.- You never listen, ... a) don’t you? c) aren’t you? b) do you? d) listen you? 22.- You’d already been there, ... a) hadn’t you? c) were you? b) didn’t you? d) did you? 23.- There wasn’t any post for me yesterday, ... a) wasn’t I? c) was there? b) was it? d) didn’t it? 24.- It’s the first time you’ve been here, ... a) have you? c) don’t you? b) isn’t it? d) aren’t you? 160 EXERCISE 2 ADD A QUESTION TAG TO THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES: 1.- These exercises are difficult, ... 2.- She can’t write with her left hand, ... 3.- There’s a lot of water in the bath, ... 4.- You were in London last summer, ... 5.- You haven’t got any brothers or sisters, ... 6.- Susan’s got a new car, ... 7.- You know my friend Peter, ... 8.- Your brother plays football, ... 9.- You have a bath every day, ... 10.- Your sister can swim very well, ... 11.- Turtles can run very fast, ... 12.- Your friend likes whisky, ... 13.- We did that exam yesterday, ... 14.- You must study very hard at school, ... 15.- Tom doesn’t live with his parents, ... 16.- Stop shouting, ... 17.- Most people don’t like vegetables, ... 18.- Let’s play a record, ... 19.- Students mustn’t cheat in exams, ... 20.- I’m boring, ... 21.- You’d like to see it, ... 22.- They had a rest, ... 23.- Remember to post the letters, ... 24.- You have only tea, ... 25.- They arrived yesterday, ... 26.- You’ve heard about that, ... 27.- I should visit her, ... 28.- You’d rather I didn’t say anything, ... 29.- He didn’t have to speak to the teacher, ... 30.- I have to buy matches, ... 31.- He won’t fall down, ... 32.- You’ll come, ... 33.- You wouldn’t like the window open, ... 34.- He used to argue with everybody, ... 35.- I’m very late, ... 36.- She came too late, ... 37.- Tom’s got your book, ... 38.- Come and see me tomorrow, ... 39.- Have another cigarette, ... 40.- She should have done that, ... 41.- Let’s pretend we’re not here, ... 42.- Let me have a look, ... 43.- You never used to work until so late, ... 44.- Just read it to yourself, ... 45.- Let’s sing a song, ... 46.- You would do it, ... 47.- We’d better go, ... 48.- I shouldn’t have said such a stupid thing, . 49.- I usually tell the truth, ... 50.- You’d rather go, ... 51.- You’d better ask for permission first, ... 52.- She had only a cup of tea for breakfast, ... 53.- He made you do it again, ... 54.- I’m a bit stupid, ... 55.- He might be there, ... 56.- You had a swim yesterday, ... 57.- It’s already tidied up, ... 58.- It’s been stolen, ... 161 EXERCISE 1 1. b 2. a 3. d 4. d 5. b 6. a 7. d 8. a 9. a 10. b 11. a 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. b 16. b 17. c 18. b 19. b 20. a 21. b 22. a 23. c 24. b 25. EXERCISE 2 1. aren’t they? 2. can she? 3. isn’t there? 4. weren’t you? 5. have you? 6. hasn’t she? 7. don’t you? 8. doesn’t he? 9. don’t you? 10. can’t she? 11. can’t they? 12. doesn’t he? 13. didn’t we? 14. mustn’t you? 15. does he? 16. will you? 17. do they? 18. shall we? 19. must they? 20. aren’t I? 21. wouldn’t you? 22. didn’t they? 23. will you? 24. don’t you? 25. didn’t they? 26. haven’t you? 27. shouldn’t I? 28. wouldn’t you? 29. did he? 30. don’t I? 31. will he? 32. won’t you? 33. would you? 34. didn’t he? 35. aren’t I? 36. didn’t she? 37. hasn’t he? 38. will you? 39. will you? 40. shouldn’t she? 41. shall we? 42. will you? 43. did you? 44. will you? 45. shall we? 46. wouldn’t you? 47. hadn’t we? 48. should I? 49. don’t I? 50. wouldn’t you? 51. hadn’t you? 52. didn’t he? 53. didn’t he? 54. aren’t I? 55. mightn’t he? 56. didn’t you? 57. isn’t it? 58. hasn’t it? 162 163 CHAPTER 32 Thanksgiving: a North American tradition Thanksgiving is a special holiday for both Americans and Canadians. This festival is celebrated in much the same way in both countries, although in Canada Thanksgiving is always celebrated on the second Monday of October whereas in the United States it’s celebrated the last Thursday of November. Thanksgiving is usually a family holiday, celebrated with big dinners and joyous reunions. On this day people give thanks for blessings received during the year. The tradition began with the colonists of Plymouth, Massachussets, in 1621. The first Thanksgiving were harvest festivals or days for thanking God for plentiful crops. This is why Thanksgiving is celebrated in Autumn and one of the symbols is the horn of plenty (cornucopia). After the first harvest, the Pilgrimswere so thankful that they had a new land and enough food to eat that they planned a special day for giving thanks to God. To celebrate they had a big feast which lasted three days. The pilgrim and Native American Indians, who had helped them through the hardships and the long cold winter, celebrated together. The ninety Indians who were invited brought deer and the menu included goose, duck, turkey, fish, fruit and vegetables, such as pumpkins. Many of these foods aren’t available to people in Europe. Nowadays roast turkey has become the symbol of this holiday dinner, but no Thanksgiving meal would be complete without corn on the cob, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie. HAPPY THANKSGIVING DAY Teacher Michela 164 PASSIVE VOICE 165 PASSIVE VOICE REMEMBER Active voice = Subject + verb + COMPLEMENT 1 2 3 Passive voice = reverse elements 1 & 3 New subject + be + past participle / + by + new complement 3 2 1 OBSERVE Present simple / singular Present simple / plural Father buys bread * Mothers make the meals 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 Bread is bought by father The meals are made by mothers Past simple / singular Past simple / plural The policeman arrested the thief * Sister wrote letters 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 2 1 3 2 1 The thief was arrested by the policeman. Letters were written by sister. PRACTISE Present simple Football / played / everybody / is / by Repaired / cars / are / by / mechanics Are / woodcutters / cut down / by / trees Grass / is / gardeners / by / cut Write correct sentences in the passive Past simple Telephone / invented / graham bell / by / was / Brother / bitten / a dog / was / by A thief / stolen / were / by / My keys The lightening / was / damaged / by / the house Many persons speak English English was spoken by many persons English is spoken by many persons Many persons are spoken by English Benjamin Franklin created the first public library Benjamin Franklin is created by the first public library The first public library were created by Benjamin Franklin The first public library was created by Benjamin Franklin Choose the correct sentence people choose the president People are chosen by the president The president is chosen by people The president is choose by people Columbus discovered America America was discovered by Columbus America were discovered by Columbus America is discovered by Columbus APPLY Turn into the passive The maid cleans the house every day. ……………………………………………………………………….. We make glass from sand. ……………………………………………………………………….. They built the bridge some years ago. ……………………………………………………………………….. The boy broke three windows. ………………………………………………………………………... The fire damaged many houses. ………………………………………………………………………... My friend offered me a nice present. ………………………………………………………………………... The Germans invented handball. ……………………………………………………………………….. Mother irons our clothes. ………………………………………………………………………... 166 167 CHAPTER 33 PROBLEMS OF TEENAGERS There are many problems that young people have to face when they stop being children. At this age all feelings and emotions are very strong, all problems seem very important. There are two types of problems - personal problems and the problems the whole generation has to face. Personal problems can look silly and unimportant to the grown-ups. The first and terrible thing is misunderstanding from the dearest people - from the parents. They do not understand why you need to buy certain things, listen to certain music or spend most of your spare time with your friends. You do not want to hurt their feelings but they should try to understand you. The same misunderstanding we face sometimes from the side of the teachers. They think that youth is given for studying. But a person who only studies is dull. Some teachers do not understand that youth is the time for us to learn about people and about ourselves, to play and try things. They try to keep us away from all «dangers» which make up life. But we need to be taken seriously and to meet a friendly hand. As long as parents and teachers can't take teenagers seriously, they form their own social groups, which are called subcultures. Teens' subculture is a part of culture and it reveals itself in many features - clothes, styles of favorite music, way of life, opinions about life, future and education, the choice of friends and other aspects. Many groups of teenagers follow a certain fashion which requires wearing a certain piece of clothes (like jeans, army boots, bandanas), jewellery (like earrings for boys), certain hairdos (ponytail, shaved heads, coloured or dyed hair), sometimes certain colours. Some grown-ups think that to have a boyfriend or a girlfriend at school is a deadly sin. I do not think so. There are many films and books about love, and the main characters are usually young. I think, school is the right time to find a boyfriend or a girlfriend, because studying is difficult and they can support each other. It is important to have a person who really understands you. There can also be a problem, if your peers (classmates, for example) do not understand you. 168 The problem of homework is also very serious. It takes much time and I am always busy doing it. I have no time for my hobbies. The problem of money is important as well. I think, young people need to have pocket money for buying books, pens, ice-cream and so on. But I do not think it is a good idea to beg parents to give me some money. If I find a part-time job during the academic year, they will say it distracts me from studies. If I ask for money they say they spend too much on my school, clothes and other things. Sometimes the problem of fashion appears. My parents try to buy me clothes according to their taste. Sometimes that's all right, but sometimes I want something more fashionable, especially for summer. Then we can argue for hours. It is interesting that in the question of clothes my mother is on my side, on the contrary, in the question of books and music my father supports me against mommy. Young people stand many health problems. Many of us want to look older and more independent. They do silly things. The girls make up as Red Indians on the war-path. They try to be fashionable- looking and lose their style and charm. The boys try to be tough, they are self- assured and insensible. Both boys and girls begin to smoke and drink beer and sometimes other alcoholic drinks. Sometimesthey begin using drugs and become drug addicts. I think that is terrible. 169 Flashcards for students Cut them and encourage the discussion 170 171 PASSIVE VOICE FRB 172 Phrasal Verbs Exercises By Verb: Get For each space in each sentence, use the verb Get (in the correct tense) with one of the prepositions from the box. Sometimes you need to put the object/pronoun between the main verb and the preposition - in these cases, the object/pronoun can be found in the brackets. Over On Out Around Through Across Down Away with Around to By On Up 1. I was late for work because I didn't _____________________________________ in time. 2. Can we finish this tomorrow? I am really tired and it's_______________________________ . 3. That fat kid always _____________________________ of doing sport for some reason or other. 4. The buses in this town are awful and I prefer to use my mountain bike to ______________________ . 5. It is raining again. Weather like this really _________________________________ (me). 6. The killer ____________________________ his crime because the police couldn't find any evidence. 7. I asked him to look for that report but he said he never had time to_______________________ doing it. He is lazy, I think! 8. We will find it easier to________________________ once you get that part-time job at the supermarket. 9. She never ________________________ losing that dream job of hers and has been depressed ever since. 10. He didn't________________________________ with his boss and finally decided to leave the company rather than stay there working for him. 173
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