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What are the molecular pathways of action of chromium in nutrigenomics? HIV positive individuals have a significant decrease in HOMA-IR, insulin, ...

What are the molecular pathways of action of chromium in nutrigenomics?

HIV positive individuals have a significant decrease in HOMA-IR, insulin, triglycerides, and total body fat.
Supplementation attenuates side effects associated with antiretroviral therapy, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis.
Reduction of fat plaques in arteries and levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides.
Individuals with normal glycemia and eutrophic individuals have no benefit.
Copper is an essential trace metal.
Copper participates in numerous biological processes.
Copper deficiency can cause Menkes disease and Wilson's disease.
Chromium supplementation in type 2 diabetics reduces fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin.
Copper is involved in the metabolism of iron, antioxidant defense, synthesis of neuropeptides, immune function, and angiogenesis.
Copper is a cofactor for numerous enzymes, myelination of nerves, regulation of gene expression, growth and development, and plays a role in the inflammatory response.
Dietary sources of copper include whole grains, nuts, acai, mussels, liver, and chocolate.
Chromium can increase the fluidity of the cell membrane, facilitating the binding of insulin to its receptor and its action.
Excessive consumption of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, tachycardia, respiratory difficulties, and hemolytic anemia.
Copper is absorbed in the intestine and transported to tissues through the bloodstream, where it is bound to ceruloplasmin.
Restriction of copper in the diet leads to conservation of copper in some tissues, such as the heart, brain, liver, and kidneys.
Metallothioneins are determinants in the regulation of the absorption of ingested copper.
Zinc is capable of stimulating the production of enteric metallothionein and interfering with the absorption of ingested copper.
Cooking, processing, and chemical treatment of foods can reduce the concentration of copper.
Biofortification of lettuce with selenate reduces the absorption of copper and iron.

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Aula 20 - Nutrição e Biodisponibilidade de Nutrientes - Cromo, Cobre, Iodo
44 pág.

Nutrição Universidade de SorocabaUniversidade de Sorocaba

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O cromo é um mineral traço que pode aumentar a fluidez da membrana celular, facilitando a ligação da insulina ao seu receptor e sua ação. A suplementação de cromo em diabéticos tipo 2 reduz a glicemia em jejum e a hemoglobina glicada. No entanto, indivíduos com glicemia normal e eutróficos não têm benefícios. A suplementação de cromo pode atenuar os efeitos colaterais associados à terapia antirretroviral, doenças cardiovasculares e aterosclerose. A redução de placas de gordura nas artérias e níveis de colesterol total, LDL-C e triglicerídeos também pode ocorrer.

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