FCLLI_10

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FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM 
LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
to establish some new routes for the contemporary north American society.
- to understand the influence of the September, 11th attack, of the financial crisis and the election of Obama in the building up of these new routes
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Some Changes in America since September 11, 2001
These are some of the changes which we can notice in American society after the attack
1- Intolerance 
First, there is today less tolerance among Americans for dissenting views concerning the foreign policy. We hear some Americans calling others "anti-American" or "unpatriotic," because they have expressed critical remarks about the Administration's actions-especially the threats to attack Iraq. After the attack on Iraq began, intolerance increased. To take an example close to home, Yale University student Katherine Lo hung an American flag upside-down as an antiwar symbol of America in distress. Several young men broke into her suite and wrote messages on her bulletin board saying Iraqis and Muslims should be killed. 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
A total surveillance society
 	S e c o n d, the g o v e r nm n t h a s mo v ed toward creation of a "total surveillance society," some would say a police state, in America. The Homeland Security Act, the USA Patriot Act, the Total Information Awareness Program, and the Domestic Security Enhancement Act, all recently enacted or proposed, threaten civil liberties in the United States. Even well known conservatives, such as William Safire and Dick Armey, have spoken out against these abuses to the American system of justice. After going to press , the Total Information Awareness Program was withdrawn and the Domestic Security Enhancement Act (also known as Patriot Act II) did not pass, both proposals having met considerable resistance. Provisions from each, however, remain on the agenda of some members of the Bush administration. 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
3 - The American justice system
The American justice system is under attack, with people being held without access to lawyers, sometimes in secret detention with their hearings closed to the public, and sometimes without being formally charged with a crime. Suspects have been prosecuted for providing material support for potential future acts of terrorism, rather than for having taken part in an actual attack. And "members of Congress who try to question Attorney General John Ashcroft about such policies are either ignored or accused of aiding the enemy" (The New York Times April 20, 2003, p. WK8). Secret warrants to search people's homes can today be obtained with minimal judicial oversight.
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
American problems
The terrorist alerts and the preparation for an attack on Iraq [and then the war itself] have distracted americans from many other problems. These neglected problems include the continuing battles for clean air to breathe and water to drink, safe food to eat, unpolluted land, preventing global warming and other threats to the life sustaining capacities of the Earth. They include l o n g - t erm f u n d i n g f o r s o c i a l s e c u r i t y a n d Medicare, ensuring a thriving economy, making educational reforms, continuing support for basic research, and protecting Americans from corporate crime and executive theft. Also neglected are the efforts to break addiction to oil, to commit to conserving energy, and to develop energy systems based on renewable resources and hydrogen.
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
What was the September 11th attack?
Let´s watch this video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClnVanDseAw&feature=related 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The importance of the civil rights to the election of Obama
Barack Obama was born in 1961. The Civil Rights Movement was a powerful force in American society. The Supreme Court in 1954 had declared that segregation in public schools violated the Constitution. Martin Luther King, Jr., had assumed leadership of the Movement the following year when African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama launched a boycott of the city's segregated buses. By 1961 membership in civil rights organizations was reaching an all-time high and increasing numbers of Americans—black and white—were calling for an end to racial discrimination.
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
In many respects, the year of Obama's birth was a turning point. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who had enforced judicial decisions to end school segregation, had been replaced by John F. Kennedy. But Kennedy, assuming office at a time when the Democratic Party was dependent on Southern votes to stay in power,
 was himself reluctant to use his authority to protect demonstrators. For over two years, he watched as civil rights protestors clashed with police. Then, in May 1963, police in Birmingham, Alabama used fire hoses and German shepherds against African American children marching peacefully in support of civil rights. Kennedy realized that the time had come to propose legislation to ensure the rights of these children and of all Americans. When A. Philip Randolph proposed a March on Washington later that 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
summer, Kennedy along with Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson met with the organizers to attempt to dissuade them. John Lewis, who attended the meeting at the White House, writes in his memoir,Walking with the Wind, Kennedy was mightily concerned about the success of the civil rights bill, and he didn't see how this march was going to help anything. A few days later, Americans watched and listened as Martin Luther King told of his dream for this nation.
Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in November 1963, Lyndon Johnson became president and asked Congress to honor JFK's memory by passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This wide-ranging piece of legislation prohibits
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
prohibits discrimination in public accommodations, makes discrimination based on race, gender, religion, and ethnicity illegal, and authorizes the Justice Department to initiate suits to challenge segregation and protect voting rights.
President Johnson proposed the Voting Rights Act in 1965, following the murder by a deputy sheriff of a voting rights activist in Alabama and the subsequent attack by state troopers on individuals participating in the civil rights march in Selma. The law outlawed literacy tests and required jurisdictions with a history of voting discrimination to obtain "pre-clearance" from the Attorney General or a federal district judge for 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial
crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
any new voting practices and procedures. It also gave federal examiners the power to register voters. By the end of 1968, over 400 African Americans held elective office in the South and over fifty percent of the African Americans in nine southern states were registered to vote.
In the late 1950's, conservatives criticized the Supreme Court for engaging in "judicial activism" , i.e., legislating their own views of desirable social policy from the bench. In response, the Court decided few civil rights cases following the crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas. However, with encouragement from both the executive and legislative branches, the justices in the 1960s again began to tackle issues — from gerrymandered voting districts to interracial marriage — that would ensure not only political but also social 
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
and economic rights to African Americans. In the decades that followed, the Court would place a moratorium on the death penalty until states could demonstrate that use of that penalty was not racially biased, uphold affirmative action programs designed to compensate for years of discrimination, and scrutinize employment practices. All of these decisions proved to be controversial with those who saw the Court as going beyond its proper role in the constitutional system and in effect acting as a kind of "superlegislature".
Lesson 10: The 11th September attack, the financial crisis and Barack Obama´s election 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Actions taken by the federal government opened the way for civil rights organizations and individuals — grass roots activists as well as leaders — to realize the dream of equality cherished by many Americans. The fulfillment of that dream has been long in coming and, for many, is still a distant hope, made more tangible perhaps by the election of the nations first African American President.
Vídeo da posse em 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gz_9q6RXKb0