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FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula de Revisão AV1: Review lesson- lessons 1 to 5
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
To review the most important cultural aspects and concepts described in lessons from 1 to 5.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
Mark the right answers about Beowulf.
1- Beowulf is a
a- soldier
b- a priest 
c- a hero
2- Beowulf typifies the Anglo-Saxon ideals of personal conduct. These ideals include:
a - to be handsome
b- to be a good singer
c- to be an advocate of freedom and justice, 
3- Who are the villains in the story?
a- the people
b- the firedrake, Grendel and his mother
c -the ugly women
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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A video: Introduction about beowulfhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPLii5Vbyec&feature=related
Which cultural elements can be found in Beowulf?
In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two.   Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity.   Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind.   In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia caused them to look for a quick fix and turns to Paganism. The pagan elements in the epic poem Beowulf are evident in the characters superhuman 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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personifications. Beowulf is depicted as a superhero. Beowulf takes it upon himself to save the Danes from Grendel. In his battle with Grendel, Beowulf chooses not to use weapons; he relies on his super strength. During the fight, Beowulf's strength takes over, and Beowulf wrestles with Grendel until he is able to rip one of the monster's arms out of its socket.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
How did legislation become American?
From the first year after the colonists had set foot upon the new continent, they had functioned according to the English law and constitution- with legislative assemblies, a representative system of government, and a recognition of the common- law guarantees of personal liberty. But increasingly legislation became American in point of view, and less and less attention was paid to English practices and precedents. Nevertheless, colonial freedom from effective English control was not achieved without conflict, and colonial history abounds in struggles between the assemblies elected by the people and the governors appointed by the king.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
Mark the right options in relation to the Canterbury Tales by Chaucer.
1- Chaucer came from a poor family.
Yes
No
2- In “the Canterbury Tales” Chaucer describes characters from different social classes
Yes
No
3-“The Canterbury Tales” serves as a portrait of the English society in Medieval Times.
Yes
No
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Choose the option which best suits the statements below:
1- Feudalism refers 
to land given to everyone freely
to land given only to the “serfs”
to land held in return for duty or service to a lord
to land the king did not want anymore
to land nobody wanted
2- Magna Carta was
important for the pope
a symbol of financial power
meant for the vassels
a symbol of political freedom
not important at all
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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3- The Parliament in England
had a mixture of different social classes
had only a House of Lords
kept the gentry separate from the commoners
was controlled by the gentry
was a place for fighting
4- The knights 
were not loyal
did not know how to fight
were honored and brave
were weak
had pagan principles
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Vídeo: The Summoner´s Tale:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VFtXgjrHsPY&feature=related 
Through his pilgrims Chaucer gives far more than an unforgettable group of character sketches and a collection of stories. He uses the pilgrims to comment subtly but powerfully on the social problems of his time. His native tolerance and sense of humor helped him to understand men and the forces that motivated them. He realized that the disorders and confusions of the age in which he lived marked the decline of the Age of Chivalry, and the beginning of a new era- an era in which the lot of the common man was improving, the merchant class was prospering, and a Parliament was functioning. 
Chaucer looked upon this new order and found it good. This optimism colors the mood of Chaucer´s pilgrims as they set forth to Canterbury. Chaucer looked upon this new order and found it good. This optimism colors the mood of Chaucer´s pilgrims as they set forth to Canterbury. 
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
1- Choose the option which best suits the statements below:
Edward III and his eldest son, the Black Prince were greatly admired by
their courage and courtly manners
their clothes and shoes
their success and fighting lessons
their ability with women and their personal subjects
their alliance with Germans and Scots
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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The Black Prince who was an example of chivalry in England, was
adored in France for his manners.
forgotten in France.
feared in France for his cruelty
expected in France,
left in France to learn the language.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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3- According to the code of chivalry, a knight should not
fight for his name if insulted
serve God
serve the king
laugh at women
defend any lady in need
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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4 -Sir Thomas Malory
wrote about monsters
captured in his writings the medieval ideal of knighthood
printed his pictures
wrote about women
 wrote poems about the Church
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Watch the video and answer the folloing questions about Knights and chivalry: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JEBoGU8djMo&feature=mr_meh&list=PLCD2BD17F0112BAD2&playnext=0 
1- What was chivalry?
2- How were the missions knights were sent to?
3-What was the knight social position?
4-When did yhe tournaments came to England?
5-Did knighhood become a worthy profession?
6- Did people have to be rich to become knights?
7- Did tournaments help war tactics?
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Answers to the previous questions:
1- It was a social class, an order and a code of values.
2- Moral, religious and political meanings.
3- Knights joined the warrior class but also had a feudal bond between the lord and man.
4- In the early 12th century. They were banned later.
5-  Yes, it did
6- Yes, they did
7- Tournaments helped to develop war tactics between mounted soldiers
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Let´s watch a video about Lancelot, one of King Arthur´s Knights
Rei Arthur: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a4NhBlGwijQ&feature=related 
What is Morte D´Arthur about?
Malory´s Morte D´Arthur is a gathering of the main body of legends about King Arthur into one narrative, it is the best-known work of fifteenth-century English literature. His simple, forthright telling of Arthurian lore is still enjoyed by modern readers, and the work has long inspired other writings, such as Tennyson´s Idylls of the king.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
Mark the right options in relation to the play Henry VIII by Shakespeare:
In the play Henry VIII Shakespeare describes historical facts from the 16th century:
Yes
No
Henry VIII is a story about Henry’s
obsession with producing a male heir
Yes
No
Women were presented as independent characters in the play
Yes
No
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
What did England mean to the Elizabethans?
If the Elizabethans loved one thing more than anything else it was England. Elizabeth told to her troops on the eve of meeting the Spanish Armada: “…I know I have the body of a week feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a King- and a King of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain or any Prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm.” They reveal the same intense patriotism as John of Gaunt´ s famous speech in Shakespeare´ s Richard II:
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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This happy breed of men, this little world,
This precious stone set in the silver sea,
 Which serves it in the office of a wall
Or as a moat defensive to a house,
Against the envy of less happier lands,
This blessed plot, this earth, this real, this England
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula Revisão AV1
What are the subjects of the Miracle Plays?
They are various: the disobedience of Adam and Eve; Noah and the great flood; Abraham and Isaac; events in the life of Christ; and so on. They were acted by people of the town on a kind of stage on wheels called a pageant. This was moved to different parts of the town, so that a play shown in one place could then be shown in another. Often several Miracle Plays were being performed at the same time in different places. Here is a short bit of Noah ´s Flood in the Chester plays:
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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God: Seven days are yet co
For you to gather and bring
Those after my liking
When mankind I anno
Forty days and forty nights
Rain shall fall for their unrights
And those I have made through my migh
Now think I to destroy
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Noah: Lord, at your bidding I am true
Since grace is only in you,
As you ask I will
For gracious I you find
Although the Miracles were serious and religious in intention, English comedy was born in them. There was a natural tendency for the characters in the play to become recognizably human in their behavior. However serious the main story might be, neither actors nor audience could resist the temptation to enjoy the possibilities of a situation such as that un which Noah ´s wife needs a great deal of persuasion to make her go on board to ark.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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What about the Morality Plays?
In the Morality Plays, the characters were not people (such as Adam and Eve or Noah); they were virtues (such as Truth) or bad qualities (such as Greed or Revenge) which walked and talked. For this reason we find these plays duller today, but this does not mean that the original audiences found them dull. The plays presented moral truths in a new and effective way.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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Was England able to control colonists’ demands for freedom?
Clear as was the British need for a new imperial design, the situation in America was anything but favorable to a change. Long accustomed to a large measure of independence, the colonies were demanding more, not less, freedom, particularly now that the French menace had been eliminated. To put a new system into effect, to tighten control, the statesmen of England had to contend with colonists trained to self-government and impatient of interference.
 FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DE LITERATURA EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
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What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
It served a purpose far beyond that of public notice of separation. Its ideas inspired mass fervor for the American cause, for it instilled among ordinary folk a sense of their own importance, inspiring them to struggle for personal freedom, self-government, and a dignified place in society.