Differences between Literary and Traditional Ballads

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Disciplina: FUND. CULTURAIS DAS LITERATURAS DE LÍNGUA INGLESA	AV
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EM2120257 - CULTURA E ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS
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)Nos processos de leitura e descrição das realidades sociais, literatura e Antropologia se tocam e se afastam em diferentes pontos. A partir dessas interseções e afastamentos, podemos dizer que:
A literatura está apenas preocupada com a ficção e não serve para ler as questões sociais de um determinado grupo social.
O romance e a etnografia possuem pontos de interseção no que diz respeito à linguagem, mas cada uma usa regras e métodos distintos para ler uma realidade cultural.
Literatura e antropologia usam os mesmos métodos, regras e procedimentos para realizarem suas leituras culturais.
A etnografia é mais acurada que o romance para descrever um determinado grupo social.
Os pontos de contato entre essas duas interfaces de leitura social são tão pequenos que não merecem atenção.
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Para o teórico Marshall McLuhan a frase "o meio é a mensagem" significa que:
A mensagem não se conecta ao meio, mas o meio se conecta à mensagem.
Independente do meio pelo qual uma mensagem é difundida, ela tem sempre o mesmo significado.
A mensagem que desejamos passar está intrinsicamente conectada e é alterada pelo meio através do qual é veiculada.
O meio é mais importante do que o conteúdo de qualquer mensagem.
A mensagem é capaz de alterar o meio pela qual é veiculada dependendo de seu significado.
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Literary
 
and
 
traditional
 
ballads
 
have
 
some
 
different
 
characteristics.
 
One
 
of
 
these
 
regards
 
to
)EM2120258 - MIDDLE ENGLISH E GEOFFREY CHAUCER
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communal memory syllabic rhyme scheme type of narrative
 themes stanzas
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Marion Turner, who wrote a biography of Chaucer, Chaucer: a European Life, in an interview to BBC, said about the poet:
Chaucer had an incredibly interesting life. He was a diplomat, and travelled widely all over Europe - which people usually don't expect from someone in the 14th century. He encountered Italian poetry, and devoured the work of Boccaccio, Petrarch and Dante. It was a crucial influence on him: a lot of the poetic forms that Chaucer developed
derived from Italian poetic forms, for instance. It changed what he did in his own poetry, but also the wider English poetic form. He was an extraordinary innovator: he invented iambic pentameter, for example, which became the key poetic form in English. He wrote a huge variety of poetry in all kinds of genres, and was exceptionally widely read in many languages. So, he brought something very new to English literature and culture. [...] His work is incredibly
diverse, too, which means that, whatever you like, you can find it in Chaucer. If you want a romance, you can find that; if you want to read a very rude, bawdy tale, you can find that too. (BBC World Histories Magazine)
Chaucer was a poet who brought innovations to English poetry, such as
 a mixture of many languages sonnets
new poetic forms
romances and fabliaux travel narratives
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EM2120259 - MITOS E LENDAS LIGADOS AO POVO BRITÂNICO
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Stephen Knight claims that Robin Hood's legend change more over time than the Arthurian matter. Choose the alternative that best explains this phenomenon:
 Non-authoritative eras tend to witness the revival of the Robin Hood legend. Ballads relied on verbal memory to survive and, a few of them actually did.
The legend's existence relies on texts that were basically lost throughout the centuries.
The theme of the outlaw may be revived and reappraised according to the political climate of the period. Robin Hood is a marginal text that for too long was almost relegated to oblivion.
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Norman England was introduced to a new literary theme after the Norman Conquest: courtly love. Choose the alternative that best describes the relationship between this view on love and the new societal organization that emerged at that time:
Courtly love arises out of pagan societies and entails a non-hierarchical relationship between man and woman. Courtly love arises out of tribal societies and entails a hierarchical relationship between man and woman.
Courtly love arises out of feudalism and entails a vassal-lord relationship between man and woman.
Courtly love arises out of non-feudal societies and entails a vassal-lord relationship between man and woman.
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EM2120260 - RAÍZES CULTURAIS DA GRÃ- BRETANHA E DA LÍNGUA INGLESA
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) Courtly love arises out of pagan societies and entails a hierarchical relationship between man and woman.
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READ THE TEXT BELOW:
The teller of stories has everywhere and always found eager listeners. Whether his tale is the mere report of a recent happening, a legend of long ago, or an elaborately contrived fiction, men and women have hung upon his words and satisfied their yearnings for information or amusement, for incitement to heroic deeds, for religious edification, or for release from the overpowering monotony of their lives. (Source: THOMPSON, Stith. The Folktale. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.)
A famous legendary character is said to have its roots in Celtic Folklore and Folktales. Which one?
King Arthur Beowulf
The Wanderer Hamlet
 The Seafarer
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READ THE TEXT BELOW:
The Anglo-Saxons then used Old English, a Germanic language brought from their continental homelands, as the
official means of communication and art expression. The earliest examples are inscriptions written in runes, but Old English written in the Roman alphabet was also used as a literary and legal language.
Who was responsible for establishing the English Language (Old English) as the official language of the Island?
King Alfred King Edward King James
 King William King Arthur
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EM2120261 - SOCIEDADE ELIZABETANA E O TEATRO DE SHAKESPEARE
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A paramount feature of King Lear is the relationship between the protagonist of the play and the jester. Reread the following excerpt, in one of his first interactions with his master, and choose the most appropriate explanation of such passage. "all thy other titles thou hast given away; that thou wast born with" (Q, 1.4.139-140)
 Such utterance unveils the essence of the jester: instead of being a humorous clown as the ones from romantic comedies, he is callous and envious of Lear's ruling of the kingdom.
In this scene, the public is introduced to the main characteristic of the fool in the play: the prerogative to be honest under all circumstances, making the audience laugh of the king.
 The jester's role in this scene is to call the king¿s attention to life ephemerality, mocking his own condition as a mortal individual who was born poor.
 As a commentator of Lear's reality, the jester affirms that the king would never lose his nobility, since it was a birthright.
In such lines, the jester wisely utilizes his role in the castle to utter a harsh fact on his majesty: Lear's noble title of yore would gradually vanish and give way to an actual folly.
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Reread another excerpt of Act II of Macbeth, which consists of the most striking monologue of the porter. Afterwards, choose the alternative that better describes it. "Knock, knock, knock! Who's there, i' th' name of Beelzebub? Here¿s a farmer that hanged himself on the expectation of plenty. Come in time, have napkins enough about you, here you¿ll sweat for't. (Knock within)."
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 The figure of the farmer was probably influenced by the Gunpowder Plot (another fictitious story of the time). The idea of "plenty" evokes the religious virtues of humbleness and patience.
 The notion of "sweating" is a laudatory allusion to the farmers' hard work in his life on Earth.
Overall, this passage conveys the mixture of profanity, irony and bitter humour. The doorman¿s invitation is but a mockery of a sinful soul.
 The excerpt indicates the total lack of sound effects in the play due to architectural constraints of playhouses in the 17th century.