Grammar Book Stage 2

Prévia do material em texto

Stage 
2
SIMPLE PRESENT x PRESENT CONTINUOUS [p.53-59] 5
PREFER TO [p.66] 11
BOTH/ BOTH OF [p.66] 15
HAVE GOT x HAVE [p.68] 19
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: SOMEBODY, ANYBODY, NOBODY [p.71+72] 21
GENITIVE CASE [p.73] 25
NEGATIVE OF CAN [p.62+74] 31
BY + MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION [p.77] 35
PREPOSITIONS IN QUESTIONS [p.81] 39
NOUNS & VERBS [p.84] 43
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: SOMETHING, ANYTHING, NOTHING [p.85] 45
DOUBLE NEGATIVE [p.87] 49
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
SIMPLE PRESENT x PRESENT CONTINUOUS [p.53-
59]
Qual é a diferença entre Simple Present x Present Continuous?
O Simple Present descreve:
1) processos regulares e repetitivos que formam determinada situação; 
2) estados permanentes.
 √ Fatos incontestáveis:
 √ I come from Germany.
 √ Hábitos:
 √ I don’t eat much chocolate.
 √ Processos regulares:
 √ The cinema has many different films.
 √ Costumes:
 √ People don’t wear shoes inside their houses in Japan.
 √ Indicação de profissão:
 √ She’s a teacher. She teaches English.
 √ Indicação de passatempos ou atividades rotineiras:
 √ Don studies English.
IN OR INTO [p.91] 53
WHY x BECAUSE [p92] 55
ADJECTIVES [p.93] 59
NO = NOT ANY [p.100] 63
GREAT BRITAIN CURRENCY [p.101] 67
“ARRIVE AT” AND “ARRIVE IN” [p.370] 71
THE TIME IN ENGLISH [p.103] 77
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS [p.105] 81
AUXILIARY VERBS [p.107] 85
QUANTIFIERS: MUCH, MANY, FEW, LITTLE [p.120] 89
MUCH/ MANY [p.90+121] 93
FEW/FEWER/FEWEST – LITTLE/LESS/LEAST [p.122+124] 95
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RESUMO
Simple Present x Present Continuous
Simple Present: algo acontece em determinados intervalos = situação 
rotineira / estado permanente.
Present Continuous: algo está acontecendo no momento da fala, está 
inacabado, é passageiro.
 
EXERCISE 1
Complete as perguntas usando Present Continuous ou Present Simple 
(simple present):
a. ____ you _________ (come) to school now?
b. _____ he_____ (eat) Mc Donald’s every day?
c. I ________ (work) at the moment.
d. ____ she _______ (go) to London now?
e. ____ you _____ (go) to the cinema after the lesson?
f. He _________ (not/play) golf now.
g. She _________ (not/go) to the cinema all day.
h. You generally________ (come) before the lesson.
i. _____ you ______ (study) every night?
j. _____they generally_____ ( work)?
k. They ________ (not/work) tonight.
l. ____ she _______ (work) at the moment?
m. I _________ (not/drink) coffee now.
n. Julie __________ (sleep) now.
(Scaneie o QR code acima e assista o vídeo)
O Present Continuous é utilizado para descrever 
1) um único processo que está acontecendo no momento e ainda não acabou; 
2) uma situação passageira.
 √ Processos momentâneos
What are you doing on the floor?
 √ Situações passageiras
There are many people in this city because people are coming to study.
Comparação: Simple Present x Present Continuous
I don´t open the book at revision time. > But I am opening it now to study 
the new work.
Uma situação profissional permanente é sempre descrita pela forma simples; 
uma situação passageira de aprendizagem ou formação é descrita pela forma 
contínua.
 √ Thamar works at English Universe. She is teaching English. 
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i. DO YOU STUDY every night?
j. DO they generally WORK?
k. I DON’T WORK tonight.
l. IS SHE WORKING at the moment?
m. I’M NOT DRINKING coffee now.
n. Julie IS SLEEPING now. 
. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. She is working at the bank.
b. The boy is playing with a ball.
c. She is writing with her left hand.
d. She is speaking English.
e. He is walking at the park with his dog.
f. They are walking home.
g. He isn’t eating chocolate.
h. Is she going home after the lesson?
i. Is he driving a car?
j. The family is working together.
EXERCISE 2
Transforme as frases do Present Simple para o Present Continuous.
a. She works at the bank.
b. The boy plays with a ball.
c. She writes with her left hand.
d. She speaks English.
e. He walks at the park with his dog.
f. They walk home.
g. He doesn’t eat chocolate.
h. Does she go home after the lesson?
i. Does he drive a car?
j. The family works together.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. ARE YOU COMING to school now?
b. DOES HE EAT McDonald’s every day?
c. I AM WORKING at the moment.
d. IS SHE GOING to London now?
e. DO YOU GO to the cinema after the lesson?
f. HE ISN’T PLAYING golf now.
g. SHE DOESN’T GO to the cinema all day.
h. You generally COME before the lesson.
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
PREFER TO [p.66]
Usamos o verbo “prefer” para falar de nossa preferência. 
e.g.: I prefer coffee. He prefers tea.
Usamos a preposição “to” para comparar algo com alguma outra coisa. 
e.g.: I prefer coffee to tea. / She prefers coffee to tea.
 
Depois do verbo “prefer”, podemos usar um verbo no infinitivo ou no 
gerúndio.
e.g.: She prefers singing. / She prefers to sing. 
EXERCISE 1
Complete as frases.
1. John _______________ volleyball to football.
a. Prefer
b. Prefers
c. To prefer
d. Preferring
5. Which one is wrong?
a. Jane and Judy don't prefer talking to studying.
b. Jane and Judy prefer talking to studying.
c. Do Jane and Judy prefer talking to studying?
d. Does Jane and Judy prefer talking to studying?
5. I prefer travelling by car __________ traveling by bus.
a. By
b. On
c. At
d. To 
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ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
1. John _______________ volleyball to football.
b. Prefers
2. Which one is wrong?
d. Does Jane and Judy prefer talking to studying?
3. I prefer travelling by car __________ traveling by bus.
d. To 
4. She prefers _________________________.
c. Europe to Asia
5. I ___________ watching TV to ______________ to the cinema.
b. Prefer / going
6. Lisa prefers ______________ to dancing.
d. Singing 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. I prefer coffee to tea.
b. He prefers Spanish. I prefer English.
c. We prefer to study in the morning.
d. They prefer going by car to walking.
e. Do you prefer writing with a pen or writing with a pencil?
5. She prefers _________________________.
a. Pizza or spaghetti
b. Coke at Fanta
c. Europe to Asia
4. I ___________ watching TV to ______________ to the cinema.
a. Prefer / go 
b. Prefer / going
c. Prefer / goes
d. Lisa prefers ______________ to dancing.
a. Sing
b. To sing
c. Sings
d. Singing 
EXERCISE 2
Change into English
a. Eu prefiro café do que chá.
b. Ele prefere espanhol. Eu prefiro inglês.
c. Nós preferimos estudar de manhã.
d. Eles preferem ir de carro do que caminhar.
e. Você prefere escrever com uma caneta ou escrever com um lápis?
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
BOTH/ BOTH OF [p.66]
Usamos both (ambos/ambas) para representar duas coisas ou pessoas.
Ex: Both towns are very good. 
Both of...
Usamos both of com pronomes como: you, them e us (you, we e they).
E.g.:
 √ Both of them are reading the books.
 √ Both of you are from London.
 √ Both of us were very happy.
 
EXERCISE 1
Complete as frases usando “both” ou “both of”. 
1. You can take ____cars to go to town. 
a. Both b. Both of
2. They like ____ us. 
a. Both b. Both of
3. I am speaking English with ___ them 
a. Both b. Both of
4. Do you like ____ pencils? 
a. Both b. Both of
5. I´m asking the question to _____ you. 
a. Both b. Both of
6. I can speak _____ Portuguese and English. 
a. Both b. Both ofE 
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ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
1. She has eaten ………………… the burgers. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
2. …………………. my parents are teachers. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used her
3. ………………… these colors are beautiful. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
4. We have invited ……………….. them. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
5. …………………. us can swim. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
6. She has invited ………………… 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
7. ……………….. my children want to be singers. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
8. …………………. the children have gone to bed. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
EXERCISE 2
Complete the following sentences using both or both of.
1. She has eaten ………………… the burgers. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
2. …………………. my parents are teachers. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used her
3. ………………… these colors are beautiful. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
4. We have invited ……………….. them. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
5. …………………. us can swim. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
6. She has invited ………………… 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
7. ……………….. my children want to be singers. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
8. …………………. the children have gone to bed. 
a. both b. both of c. Either could be used here
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
1. You can take ____cars to go to town. 
a. Both b. Both of
2. They like ____ us. 
a. Both b. Both of
3. I am speaking English with ___ them 
a. Both b. Both of
4. Do you like ____ pencils? 
a. Both b. Both of
5. I´m asking the question to _____ you. 
a. Both b. Both of
6. I can speak _____ Portuguese and English. 
a. Both b. Both ofE
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
HAVE GOT x HAVE [p.68]
Have got e have tem o mesmo sentido e indicam posse. Have got é mais 
usado em BrE (British English) e Have é mais usado em AmE (American 
English).
I’ve got a car. = I have a car. 
They haven’t got a house. = They don’t have a house. 
Cuidado com as formas contraídas ‘ve or 's que são usados apenas com 
o verbo quando acompanhado por got. 
She’s got two pens and a pencil. = She has two pens and a pencil. 
 
CERTO ERRADO
I've got a suit. I've a suit.
He's got an umbrella. He's an umbrella.
EXERCISE 1
Escolha a resposta correta:
a. ( ) She has got an umbrella. b. ( ) She have got an umbrella.
a. ( ) He have got a shirt. b. ( ) He has got a shirt.
a. ( ) They have got a picture. b. ( ) They has got a picture.
a. ( ) They has got two ears. b. ( ) They have got two ears.
EXERCISE 2
Change into English: 
a. Eu tenho três canetas e cinco lápis.
b. Ela tem um guarda-chuva vermelho.
c. Nós temos uma sala de aula grande.
d. Elestem trinta livros.
e. Nós dois temos duas cabeças.
f. Ele tem um terno cinza. 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: SOMEBODY, ANYBODY, 
NOBODY [p.71+72]
Em inglês, existe um grupo particular de pronomes indefinidos. Estes pro-
nomes não se referem a uma pessoa ESPECÍFICA e são formados por “BODY” 
precedido por any, some e no.
Os pronomes indefinidos são inseridos no mesmo lugar em que um subs-
tantivo entraria na frase
Substantivo Pronome indefinido
Jim gave me this book. Somebody gave me this book.
I won't tell your secret to Sam. I won't tell your secret to anybody.
ORAÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS
Nas orações afirmativas, SOMEBODY é utilizado para descrever uma quantida-
de indefinida de pessoas. E NOBODY é utilizado para descrever uma ausência. Os 
pronomes indefinidos com no geralmente são utilizados em orações afirmativas 
com sentido negativo, mas estas não representam orações negativas, pois não 
contêm o termo not.
EXAMPLES
Somebody is sleeping in my bed.
Nobody is sleeping in my bed.
ORAÇÕES NEGATIVAS
As orações negativas somente podem ser formadas com ANYBODY.
EXEMPLOS
I don't know anybody who speaks Chinese.
I can't find anybody to come with me.
Muitas orações negativas que incluem ANYBODY podem ser transformadas 
em orações afirmativas com sentido negativo, através do uso do NOBODY. 
Entretanto, essamudança resulta em uma alteração de significado: a oração que 
inclua um pronome indefinido com no é mais forte e pode implicar conteúdo 
emocional (atitude defensiva, falta de esperança, raiva, etc.).
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. ( X ) She has got an umbrella. b. ( ) She have got an umbrella.
a. ( ) He have got a shirt. b. ( X ) He has got a shirt.
a. ( X ) They have got a picture. b. ( ) They has got a picture.
a. ( ) They has got two ears. b. ( X ) They have got two ears. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. I’ve got / I have three pens and five pencils.
b. She’s got / She has a red umbrella.
c. We’ve got / We have a large classroom.
d. They’ve got / They have thirty books
e. Both of us have got / have two heads.
f. He’s got / He has a gray suit..
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8. ____ believed them. 
a. Anybody b. Nobody
9. Would ____ like some more tea? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody
10. has left their umbrella behind. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Either could be used here
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with somebody, anybody or nobody .
a. I can hear _____________ at the door.
b. Does ____________ want to go to the cinema ?
c. Can ____________ tell me the capital of Mongolia ?
d. The house is empty. There is ____________ in. 
e. There is __________ at school at this time of the day. It’s closed.
f. Look ! There is ___________ waiting for you. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
1. (Doorbell rings) 'There's _____ at the door. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Nobody
2. Does _____ know the answer? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody c. Either could be used here
3. I spoke to _____ about it yesterday. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Either could be used here
4. There wasn't _____ there at all. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Nobody
5. Do you think that _____ will be there? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody c. Either could be used here
6. Which can be used in questions? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody c. Either
EXEMPLOS
I don't have anybody to talk to. = neutro
I have nobody to talk to. = desesperado
PERGUNTAS
ANYBODY pode ser utilizado para formar perguntas. Essas perguntas podem, 
normalmente, ser respondidas com "sim" ou "não"
EXEMPLO
Is there anybody here?
Essas orações interrogativas podem ser transformadas em perguntas falsas 
ou retóricas ao se torná-las negativas. Quando faz uma pergunta desse tipo, 
o orador espera um "não" como resposta.
EXEMPLO
Isn't there anybody here? : 
EXERCISE 1
Choose the correct answer:
1. (Doorbell rings) 'There's _____ at the door. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Nobody
2. Does _____ know the answer? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody c. Either could be used here
3. I spoke to _____ about it yesterday. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Either could be used here
4. There wasn't _____ there at all. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Nobody
5. Do you think that _____ will be there? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody c. Either could be used here
6. Which can be used in questions? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody c. Either
7. Which can be used with a negative verb? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
GENITIVE CASE [p.73]
Genitive Case, também conhecido como Possessives, é um recurso gramatical 
usado em inglês para indicar que algo pertence a alguém ou a outro algo. É um 
assunto que gera dúvidas entre muitos estudantes. Isso devido às regrinhas 
que devem ser seguidas. Portanto, para ajudar quem tem dúvidas, esta dica é 
exclusiva sobre o assunto.
O nome – Genitive Case – pode parecer feio e estranho; mas, a ideia é bem 
simples e fácil entender. Veja os exemplos abaixo:
 √ Denilso’s books are really interesting.
 √ Carina’s blog is awesome.
 √ Ellen’s website is really cool.
Observe as partes em negrito nas sentenças. Após os nomes das pessoas 
há um apóstrofo [‘] acompanhado por um ‘s’: Denilso‘s books, Carina‘s blog, 
Ellen‘s brother. Isso aí o que chamamos de Genitive Case. De modo geral, ele 
é usado assim mesmo. Ou seja, o dono do objeto + ‘s + o objeto. 
Veja agora os exemplos dados (e outros) com as traduções:
 √ Denilso’s books = Os livros do Denilso
 √ Carina’s blog = O blog da Carina
 √ Ellen’s website = O website da Ellen
 √ Rafaela’s father = O pai da Rafaela
 √ Márcio’s laptop = O laptop do Márcio
 √ Paulo’s new car = O carro novo do Paulo
Uma pergunta que muitos estudantes de inglês fazem é a seguinte: “Por que 
essa inversão em inglês? Não tem lógica! Se você comparar com o português 
realmente não há lógica. É estranho! Mas, inglês é uma coisa e português é 
outra coisa. São línguas com origens e histórias diferentes; logo, não dá para 
serem iguais em tudo. O jeito é aprender que em inglês é assim e ponto final. 
Infelizmente!
Outra pergunta é: Quais são as regras para usar o Genitive Case em Inglês? 
Então, vamos lá!
7. Which can be used with a negative verb? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody 
8. ____ believed them. 
a. Anybody b. Nobody
9. Would ____ like some more tea? 
a. Anybody b. Nobody
10. has left their umbrella behind. 
a. Anybody b. Somebody c. Either could be used here. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2:
a. Somebody
b. Anybody
c. Anybody 
d. Nobody 
e. Nobody 
f. Somebody
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Mas, para indicar que estamos falando de coisas diferentes que pertencem 
a pessoas diferentes, devemos acrescentar o ‘s aos dois possuidores:
 √ my mom’s and father’s house = a casa do meu pai e (a casa) da minha 
mãe [são duas casas]
 √ dad’s and mom’s company = a empresa do papai e (a empresa) da mamãe 
[são duas empresas]
 √ men’s and women’s clothes = roupas de homens e (roupas) de mulheres 
[são diferentes tipos de roupas]
POSSUIDOR NO PLURAL
Quando o possuído estiver no plural e TERMINAR EM S – por exemplo, a avó 
dos garotos – basta acrescentar o ‘ (apostrofo):
 √ the boys’ grandma = a avó dos garotos
 √ the computers’ wires = os fios dos computadores
 √ the workers’ timetable = o horário dos trabalhadores
 √ the birds’ nests = os ninhos dos passarinhos
Para substantivos no plural que não terminam em S. Adicionamos o ‘s 
normalmente.
 √ the women´s hats = os chapéus das mulheres
NOMES TERMINADOS EM S
Quando o nome de quem possui terminar em “s”, há duas possibilidades: 
colocar apenas o ‘ ou colocar o ‘s. Veja:
 √ Jones’ house ou Jones’s house
 √ Santos’ company ou Santos’s company
 √ Mr. Williams’ car ou Mr. Williams’s car
Mas, se o nome for de alguma personagem clássica da mitologia, filosofia 
ou Bíblia, então o melhor é falar assim:
REGRA GERAL
Sempre acrescente o ‘s no final da palavra que indica a quem pertence a 
posse.
 √ my father’s house = a casa do meu pai
 √ my mom’s company = a empresa da minha mãe
 √ my grandfather’s farm = a fazendo do meu avô
 √ João’s car = o carro do João
 √ Sandra’s flight = o voo da Sandra
 √ her sister’s boyfriend = o namorado da irmã dela
 √ the elephant’s trunk = a tromba do elefante
 √ the cat’s tail = o rabo do gato
Podemos usar o Genitive Case também com corpos celestes, mundo, períodos 
de tempo, países, empresas e outros:
 √ today’s paper = o jornal de hoje
 √ the company’s president = o presidente da empresa
 √ Brazil’s economy = a economia do Brasil
 √ the world’s climate = o clima do mundo
 √ Saturn’s rings = os anéis de Saturno
 √ the Earth’s atmosphere = a atmosfera da terra
 √ an hour’s work = trabalho de uma hora
 √ last night’s party = a festa de ontem à noite
 √ last week’s meeting = a reunião da semana passada
 √ tomorrow’s test = a prova de amanhã
DUPLA POSSE
Para indicar que algo pertence a duas pessoas – por exemplo, o carro da 
Maria e do João – devemos colocar o ‘s apenas no segundo possuidor:
 √ my mom and father’s house =a casa do meu pai e da minha mãe
 √ dad and mom’s company = a empresa do papai e da mamãe
 √ Richard and his wife’s life = a vida do Richard e da esposa dele
 √ Carol and João’s apartment = o apartamento da Carol e do João
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 √ the miracles of Jesus = os milagres de Jesus (mais apropriado que Jesus’ 
miracles)
 √ the works of Herodotus= as obras de Heródoto (mais apropriado que 
Herodotus’ works)
 √ the 13 works of Hercules = os 13 feitos de Hercules (mais apropriado 
que Hercules’ 13 works)
 √ the laws of Moses = as leis de Moisés (mais apropriado que Moses’ laws)
De modo geral, são essas as principais regras relacionadas ao uso do Ge-
nitive Case em Inglês. Muita coisa você certamente aprenderá conforme for 
se envolvendo cada vez mais e mais com a língua inglesa. Portanto, vá com 
calma! Não dá para aprender tudo de uma só vez. 
 
EXERCISE 1
Escolha a alternativa correta.
1. 
a. Her husbands pockets are full.
b. Her husband’s pockets are full.
c. Her husbands’ pockets are full.
2. 
a. I´m going to Josias´s house today.
b. I´m going to Josias´ house today.
c. I´m going to Josias house’s today.
3. 
a. You can take the teacher´s book to study.
b. You can take the teachers´ book to study.
c. You can take the teachers´s book to study
4. 
a. What are your childrens names?
b. What are your children’s names?
c. What are your childrens’ names?
5. 
a. The women’s dresses are on the table.
b. The womans’ dresses are on the table.
c. The womens’ dresses are on the table.
EXERCISE 2
Change into English.
a. A casa do meu pai é grande.
b. Os livros dos meninos estão em cima da mesa.
c. O chapéu do Jones é marrom.
d. Roupas de homens são diferentes de roupas de mulheres.
e. O país do Mr Brown é a Inglaterra.
f. A aula de hoje é sobre gramática.
EXTRA EXERCISE
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2452
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ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
1. 
a. Her husbands pockets are full.
b. Her husband’s pockets are full.
c. Her husbands’ pockets are full.
2. 
a. I´m going to Josias´s house today.
b. I´m going to Josias´ house today.
c. I´m going to Josias house’s today.
3. 
a. You can take the teacher ś book to study.
b. You can take the teachers´ book to study.
c. You can take the teachers´s book to study
4. 
a. What are your childrens names?
b. What are your children’s names?
c. What are your childrens’ names?
5. 
a. The women’s dresses are on the table.
b. The womans’ dresses are on the table.
c. The womens’ dresses are on the table.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2: 
a. My father’s house is large. 
b. The boys’ books are on the table. 
c. Jones’s / Jones’ hat is brown. 
d. Men’s clothes are different from women’s clothes.
e. Mr Brown’s country is England.
f. Today’s class is about grammar.
Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
NEGATIVE OF CAN [p.62+74] 
Usamos can para expressar “poder” no sentido de capacidade ou habilidade. 
Ex: 
I can (eu posso/eu tenho capacidade ou habilidade) 
You can (você pode/você tem capacidade ou habilidade)
O NEGATIVO de CAN é CANNOT (Isso mesmo! Tudo junto!) e o CONTRACTION 
é CAN´T.
Can é um verbo modal, então existem algumas regras específicas como:
Não é usado o TO (indicando infinitivo) com o verbo que vem depois do can.
Ex: Can you walk? Ao invés de Can you to walk?
O verbo Can é independente, então não é usado um verbo auxiliar para 
negar ou perguntar.
Ex: Can you speak English? Ao invés de Do you can speak English? 
Ex: I can´t speak English. Ao invés de I don´t can speak English.
 
EXERCISE 1
Complete as frases usando “Can” e “Can’t”:
a. Can you speak Greek? 
No, I___________, but I ______________ speak Chinese.
b. Can Mrs. Kit teach English? 
No, she ________________, but she______________ teach Portuguese.
c. Can Maria speak Spanish? 
No, she_______________, but she_________________ speak Italian.
d. Can this teacher work in France? 
Yes, he/she__________________, but he/she __________ work in the 
US.
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e. Can you sing? 
No, I __________________, but I _____________________dance.
f. Can Mr. Brown drive a bus? 
No, he ___________________, but he ___________________drive a car. 
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences with can or can’t: 
1. '___ you swim'? 'Yes, I ___.' 
2. I'm sorry I ___ help you today, I'm really busy.
3. I have a special talent, I ___ touch my nose with my tongue.
4. '___ I go to the bathroom please'? 'Yes, of course you ___.'
5. Look! It's right there!___ you see it? It's so obvious! 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. Can you speak Greek? 
No, I CAN’T but I CAN speak Chinese.
b. Can Mrs. Kit teach English? 
No, she CAN’T but she CAN teach Portuguese.
c. Can Maria speak Spanish? 
No, she CAN’T but she CAN speak Italian.
d. Can this teacher work in France? 
Yes, he/she CAN but he/she CAN’T work in the US.
e. Can you sing? 
No, I CAN’T but I CAN dance.
f. Can Mr. Brown drive a bus? 
No,he CAN’T but he CAN drive a car. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. 'CAN you swim'? 'Yes, I CAN'
b. I'm sorry I CAN’T help you today, I'm really busy.
c. I have a special talent, I CAN touch my nose with my tongue.
d. 'CAN I go to the bathroom please'? 'Yes, of course you CAN'.
e. Look! It's right there! CAN’T you see it? It's so obvious!
 
 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
BY + MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION [p.77]
Nós usamos BY com meios de transporte para dizer qual meio iremos utilizar 
para alcançar determinado local.
Ex: by car, by bus, by plane, etc.
(de carro, de avião, etc.)
We go to Paris by train. 
I go to school by car. 
Do you come by plane?
 
Quando queremos falar “a pé” NÓS USAMOS ON FOOT OU WALK. E NÃO 
BY FOOT!!!
 
On foot
 Taxi
 Bus
 Car
 
Train
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EXERCISE 1
Complete the sentences 
a. SAM GOES TO WORK 
b. ANA COMES TO FRANCE 
c. CHILDREN TO SCHOOL.
d. OUR FRIENDS COME TO WORK 
e. CAN YOU HOME?
f. MY FRIEND GOES TO PARIS 
g. MY SISTER CAN’T GO , SHE CAN GO 
h. SARAH TO WORK.
EXERCISE 2
Translate into English.
a. Nós fomos para lá de trem, mas voltamos de ônibus.
b. Eu vou para casa a pé.
c. Nós gostamos de viajar de trem.
d. É caro viajar de avião.
e. Eu normalmente vou para a praia de carro.
f. Meus pais vieram do aeroporto de taxi. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. Sam goes to work by car.
b. Ana comes to France by bus.
c. Children walk to school.
d. Our friends come to work by bus.
e. Can you walk home?
f. My friend goes to Paris by train.
g. My sister can’t go by car, she can go by bus.
h. Sarah walks to work. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. We went there by train, but we returned by bus.
b. I walk home.
c. We like to travel by train.
d. It is expensive to travel by plane.
e. I usually go to the beach by car.
f. My parents came from the airport by taxi. 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
PREPOSITIONS IN QUESTIONS [p.81]
No inglês colocamos a preposição por último em uma pergunta.
E.g.: 
“Who are you going with?” 
“with who are you going?” 
EXERCISE 1
Complete as frases com as seguintes preposições: TO, FROM, ABOUT, ON, 
WITH:
a. What are you talking _______? 
(Sobre o que você está falando?)
b. Who can I give this ______? 
(Para quem devo dar isto?)
c. Which teacher are you talking ______? 
(Sobre qual professor você está falando?)
d. Where do you come ______? 
(De onde você vem?)
e. Who are you going to school ___________? 
(Com quem você está indo para a escola?)
f. What can I put the book __________? 
(Sobre o que posso colocar o livro?)
g. Who are you talking _____? 
(Com quem você está falando?)
h. Where does she come ______? 
(De onde ela vem?) 
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EXERCISE 2
Translate the questions into English. 
a. Para qual escola você está indo?
b. O que ele está ouvindo?
c. Em qual restaurante devemos comer?
d. Em que você está trabalhando?
e. Você está esperando por quem?
f. Com quem eles estão?
g. De onde ela é?
h. Sobre o que eles estavam falando?. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. What are you talking ABOUT?
b. Who can I give this TO?
c. Which teacher are you talking ABOUT?
d. Where do you come FROM?
e. Who are you going to school WITH?
f. What can I put the book ON?
g. Who are you talking TO?
h. Where does she come FROM? 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. What school are you going to?
b. What is he listening to?
c. Which restaurant should we eat at?
d. What are you working on?
e. Who are you waiting for?
f. Who are they with?
g. Where is she from?
h. What were they talking about?. 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
NOUNS & VERBS [p.84]
Verbs (verbos) são palavras que usamos para ações. 
Nouns (substantivos) são palavras que usamos para dar nome as coisas, 
lugares, sentimentos ou pessoas
EXERCISE 1
Read the sentences and underline the verbs
a. The boy smells the flowers and after gives them to his mother.
b. The student has a girlfriend.
c. I don’t put my pencils in a box.
d. I want to have a pencil for 1 dollar.
e. The girls speak English with the man from another country.
f. The men are from Chicago, but the women are from England.
g. The class begins today at 6 o´clock.
h. I study every day
EXERCISE 2
Read the sentences and underline the nouns.
a. I like your new shoes.
b. What’s the translation of the word… 
c. We live in a small town. 
d. They play football. 
e. His friend has a dog. 
f. I go to school at 9 o'clock. 
g. My classroom is inside the building. 
h. They speak in English during the lesson
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ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. The boy smells the flowers and after gives them to his mother.
b. The student has a girlfriend.
c. I don’t put my pencils in a box.
d. I want to have a pencil for 1 dollar.
e. The girls speak English with the man from another country.
f. The men are from Chicago, but the women are from England.
g. The class begins today at 6 o’clock.
h. I study every day. 
 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. I like your new shoes.
b. What’s the translation of the word…
c. We live in a small town.
d. They play football.
e. His friend has a dog.
f. I go to school at 9 o'clock.
g. My classroom is inside the building.
h. They speak in English during the lesson
Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: SOMETHING, ANYTHING, 
NOTHING [p.85] 
Em inglês, existe um grupo particular de pronomes indefinidos. Estes pro-
nomes não se referem a uma coisa ESPECÍFICA e são formados por “THING” 
precedido por any, some e no.
Os pronomes indefinidos são inseridos no mesmo lugar em que um subs-
tantivo entraria na frase.
Substantivo Pronome indefinido
I bought my school 
supplies at the mall.
I bought something 
at the mall.
ORAÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS
Nas orações afirmativas, SOMETHING é utilizado para descrever uma 
quantidade indefinida de COISAS. E NOTHING é utilizado para descrever uma 
ausência. Os pronomes indefinidos com no geralmente são utilizados em 
orações afirmativas com sentido negativo, mas estas não representam orações 
negativas, pois não contêm o termo not.
EXAMPLES
He saw something in the garden.
There is nothing to eat.
ORAÇÕES NEGATIVAS
As orações negativas somente podem ser formadas com ANYTHING.
EXEMPLO
I don't have anything to eat.
Muitas orações negativas que incluem ANYTHING podem ser transformadas 
em orações afirmativas com sentido negativo, através do uso do NOTHING. 
Entretanto, essa mudança resulta em uma alteração de significado: a oração que 
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inclua um pronome indefinido com no é mais forte e pode implicar conteúdo 
emocional (atitude defensiva, falta de esperança, raiva, etc.).
EXEMPLOS
I don't know anything about it. = neutro
I know nothing about it. = defensivo
PERGUNTAS
ANYTHING pode ser utilizado para formar perguntas.Essas perguntas podem, 
normalmente, ser respondidas com "sim" ou "não"
EXEMPLO
Is there anything here?
Essas orações interrogativas podem ser transformadas em perguntas falsas 
ou retóricas ao se torná-las negativas. Quando faz uma pergunta desse tipo, 
o orador espera um "não" como resposta.
EXEMPLO
Isn't there anything here?
 
EXERCISE 1
Complete com anything, something ou nothing.
a. Is there________ I could do for you?
b. There is________ in your hair.
c. He said________ stupid.
d. Did you buy ________?
e. ________you say will change what he thinks.
f. There isn't________ in the fridge.
g. Do you know________ about Ireland?
h. I couldn't see________ in the dark.
i. Bob asked her________. 
j. I know________ about films, because I prefer books.
k. I haven't heard________ of Sue for ages.
l. Has________ happened while I was away?
EXERCISE 2
Selecione a resposta correta.
1. Tem alguém aqui? 
a. Is there anybody here? 
b. Is there somebody here?
2. Tem alguma coisa errada. 
a. There's anything wrong. 
b. There's something wrong.
3. Tem alguma coisa para comer? 
a. Is there anything to eat? 
b. Is there something to eat?
4. Não tem nada para fazer. 
a. There isn't nothing to do. 
b. There isn't anything to do.
5. Alguém tem que pagar por isso. 
a. Anybody has to pay for it. 
b. Somebody has to pay for it.
Ninguém está na sala. 
a. Nobody’s in the room. 
b. Anybody’s in the room
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. Is there ANYTHING I could do for you?
b. There is SOMETHING in your hair.
c. He said SOMETHING stupid.
d. Did you buy ANYTHING?
e. NOTHING you say will change what he thinks.
f. There isn't ANYTHING in the fridge.
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g. Do you know ANYTHING about Ireland?
h. I couldn't see ANYTHING in the dark.
i. Bob asked her SOMETHING. 
j. I know NOTHING about films, because I prefer books.
k. I haven't heard ANYTHING of Sue for ages.
l. Has ANYTHING happened while I was away? 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
 
1. Tem alguém aqui? 
a. Is there anybody here?
2. Tem alguma coisa errada. 
b. There's something wrong.
3. Tem alguma coisa para comer? 
a. Is there anything to eat?
4. Não tem nada para fazer. 
b. There isn't anything to do.
5. Alguém tem que pagar por isso. 
b. Somebody has to pay for it.
6. Ninguém está na sala. 
a. Nobody’s in the room.
Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
DOUBLE NEGATIVE [p.87] 
Uma característica do inglês informal que quebra explicitamente as regras 
gramaticais é a tal da dupla negação. 
Mas, você sabe de onde vem essa ideia? Você sabe qual a origem dessa 
“regra” em inglês? 
Para começar, saiba que essa história de dupla negação em inglês teve 
origem nas leis da matemática. Pode parecer estranho, mas é isso mesmo! Foi 
justamente de uma regra matemática que surgiu esta regra na gramática. A 
história começa com um bispo de nome Robert Lowth, que em 1761 publicou 
“A Short Introduction to English Grammar“. Mr. Lowth tinha a intenção de 
reduzir a língua inglesa a um sistema uniforme, algo que fosse prático para 
todos os usuários da língua. Assim, ele começou a sugerir certas regras para 
o uso da língua.
E assim a regra que diz que não pode haver duas palavras de negação em 
uma mesma sentença em inglês ele tirou da matemática, que na época do Mr. 
Lowth era tida como a ciência mãe. Ou seja, a matemática era a ciência de todas 
as ciências; portanto, a gramática deveria curvar-se diante da matemática.
A regra matemática de onde o Mr. Lowth tirou isso e aquela regrinhas dos 
jogos de sinais. Se você não lembra das regras, veja a lista abaixo para relembrar.
 √ + com + igual a +
 √ + com – igual a –
 √ – com – igual a + (esta é a que nos interessa aqui nesta dica de inglês!)
 √ – com + igual a –
Foi assim que o Mr. Lowth resolveu que duas palavras negativas em uma 
mesma sentença resultam em sentido positivo, contradizendo o que está sendo 
referido! Ficou confuso!? Então, vamos a um exemplo do que Mr. Lowth disse 
que não podia ser dito em inglês:
 √ I do not like nobody.
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Para ele, se você usar ‘not‘ (-) e ‘no‘ (-) juntos, como no exemplo acima, o 
resultado será positivo (+). Pois, – com – igual a +. Assim, a intenção é dizer 
‘eu não gosto de ninguém‘ mas o sentido será positivo ‘eu gosto de alguém‘. 
Logo, de acordo com o Mr. Lowth o correto deveria ser:
 √ I do not like anybody.
Ou ainda,
 √ I like nobody.
E é isso o que nos diz a gramática formal! Portanto, em situações e textos 
formais essa regra deve ser seguida à risca. Não podemos usar duas palavras 
negativas em uma sentença. Pois, isso é considerado um erro na gramática 
da língua inglesa.
 √ I don’t have anything to say. = I have nothing to say.
 √ She doesn’t have any money. = She has no money.
 √ We didn’t do anything. = We did nothing.
EXERCISE 1
Traduza as frases usando “nothing, anything, anybody, nobody”:
a. Eu gosto de nada.
b. Eu não tenho alguém.
c. Eu tenho nada.
d. Eu não copio ninguém.
e. Eu não fecho nada.
f. Eu não falo com alguém.
g. Eu não faço nada.
h. Ela não pode fazer nada.
i. Eu não estou dizendo nada.
j. Eu não tenho nada a dizer.
k. Eu não estou fazendo nada.
l. Eu não gosto de ninguém. 
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences with “nothing, anything, anybody or nobody”: 
a. He had ________ interesting to tell us.
b. It was 10 am but there was ________ in the office.
c. Can I do ________ to help?
d. I don’t know ________ who speaks Latin.
e. We have ________ in common.
f. He does not like to do ________ else.
g. Let's look around and see if ________ is in the park.
h. ________ can stop me!
i. There is ________ wrong with him.
j. I never imagined ________ like this
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. I LIKE NOTHING/ I DON’T LIKE ANYTHING.
b. I HAVE NOBODY/ I DON’T HAVE ANYBODY.
c. I HAVE NOTHING/ I DON’T HAVE ANYTHING.
d. I COPY NOBODY/ I DON’T COPY ANYBODY.
e. I CLOSE NOTHING/ I DON’T CLOSE ANYTHING.
f. I SPEAK WITH NOBODY/ I DON’T SPEAK WITH ANYBODY .
g. I DO NOTHING/ I DON’T DO ANYTHING.
h. SHE CAN DO NOTHING/ SHE CAN’T DO ANYTHING.
i. I AM SAYING NOTHING/ I AM NOT SAYING ANYTHING. 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
IN OR INTO [p.91]
A palavra into é utilizada para expressar movimento ou direção. 
E a palavra in expressa um lugar fixo.
e.g.: I study in the room. Traduzindo, eu estudo dentro da sala. Isso quer 
dizer que eu estou dentro de uma sala.
Agora vamos dar uma olhada na mesma frase, mas com a palavra into.
e.g.: I'm going into the room. Traduzindo, eu estou indo PARA dentro da 
sala. Ou seja, eu estava fora da sala, e entrei depois.
EXERCISE 1
Choose the right option to complete:
a. He is putting his phone (in / into) his bag.
b. I am studying (in / into) the classroom now.
c. She is taking the pen from the table and putting it (in / into) the box. 
d. They're coming from the corridor and walking (in / into) the room.
e. We're putting our hands (in / into) our pockets.
f. I prefer to put my money (in / into) my bag
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences with in or into:
a. Such a thing happens only once _____ life time.
b. The children are swimming _____ the river.
c. Something new has come _____ his life. 
d. The party began _____ the afternoon.
j. I HAVE NOTHING TO SAY/ I DON’T HAVE ANYTHING TO SAY.
k. I AM DOING NOTHING/ I AM NOT DOING ANYTHING.
l. I LIKE NOBODY/ I DON’T LIKE ANYBODY.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. He had nothing interesting to tell us.
b. It was 10 am but there was nobody in the office.
c. Can I do anything to help?
d. I don’t know anybody who speaks Latin.
e. We have nothing in common.
f. He does not like to do anything else.
g. Let's look around and see if anybody's in the park.
h. Nobody can stop me!
i. There is nothing wrong with him.
j. I never imagined anything likethis.
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e. I will go for a holiday _____ July.
f. This happens only about once _____ three years.
g. Don't go _____ the bedroom. Oh, you're already in it?
h. We will enter _____ details later on.
i. His poem has been translated _____ Polish.
j. There are some nine million people _____ London
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. He is putting his phone into his bag.
b. I am studying in the classroom now.
c. She is taking the pen from the table and putting it into the box. 
d. They're coming from the corridor and walking into the room.
e. We're putting our hands into our pockets.
f. I prefer to put my money in my bag.
 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. Such a thing happens only once in life time.
b. The children are swimming in the river.
c. Something new has come into his life. 
d. The party began in the afternoon.
e. I will go for a holiday in July.
f. This happens only about once in three years.
g. Don't go into the bedroom. Oh, you're already in it?
h. We will enter into details later on.
i. His poem has been translated into Polish.
j. There are some nine million people in London
Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
WHY x BECAUSE [p92]
Why é o mesmo que “Por que” (separado e sem acento) em português. 
Usamos para fazer uma pergunta.
Because é o mesmo que “porque” em português (junto e sem acento). 
Usamos no início e meio de uma frase explicativa (geralmente ao responder 
uma pergunta que foi feita com WHY).
e.g.: 
Why are you here? Por que você está aqui?
Because I want to learn English. Porque eu quero aprender inglês.
Sobre WHY e BECAUSE podemos afirmar que:
 √ Why também é usado para respostas quando se quer dizer a razão ou 
motivo de algo acontecer. Ex: I know why she is here. (Eu sei porque 
ela está aqui)
 √ Normalmente why é usado em perguntas e because é usado em respostas.
 √ Why e Because são sinônimos absolutos. Ambos significam PORQUE.
 √ Não existe diferença de significado entre because e 'cause ou ‘cuz, 
frequentemente vistos em letras de músicas. São apenas contractions.
EXERCISE 1
Preencha os espaços em branco a seguir utilizando "why" ou "because" 
corretamente. 
a. _______ are you so tall?
b. George is studying _______ he has a test tomorrow.
c. His mother studies English __________ she wants to work in another 
country.
d. _____________did you do that?
e. I don't know ___________ they are so short. 
f. I come here _________ I have to talk to you
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EXERCISE 2
Qual a melhor tradução para "that's why" no trecho a seguir?:
"She's so good to me. That's why I love her."
 _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3
Responda as perguntas abaixo ou crie perguntas para as respostas, quando 
necessário
a. Why do you live in this town? 
_____________________________________________________________
b. Why do you want to speak English? 
_____________________________________________________________
c. Why is there so many people at the street during the day? 
_____________________________________________________________
d. Because I like it. 
_____________________________________________________________
e. Why do people study? 
_____________________________________________________________
f. Because I think it is important. 
_____________________________________________________________
g. Because I want to eat something different. 
_____________________________________________________________
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. WHY are you so tall?
b. George is studying BECAUSE he has a test tomorrow.
c. His mother studies English BECAUSE she wants to work in another 
country.
d. WHY did you do that?
e. I don't know WHY they are so short. 
f. I come here BECAUSE I have to talk to you.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
A melhor tradução seria “por isso”. Neste caso, temos uma expressão, por 
isso o “why” não significa “por que”.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 3
*é pessoal e pode variar, mas a parte em negrito deve constar na resposta, 
abaixo temos exemplos de respostas.
a. Because my family is from here. 
b. Because it is important to my career. 
c. Because they have many things to do. 
d. Why do you eat vegetables? 
e. Because being smart is important. 
f. Why do you study English?
g. Why are you going to…? 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2Grammar Class - Stage 2
ADJECTIVES [p.93]
Um adjetivo é uma palavra que modifica, descreve e dá características. 
O que podemos chamar também de a qualidade que damos a um objeto, 
lugar, pessoa, momento. 
e.g.: He's got a beautiful car.
Beautiful é um adjective que DESCREVE a palavra car. (dá mais informações 
sobre o carro)
Os adjetivos vêm antes do substantivo.
e.g.: She has got a good car.
E depois de alguns verbos como be:
e.g.: He is intelligent. I am happy. They are tall.
When more than one adjective comes before a noun, the adjectives are 
normally in a particular order. Adjectives which describe opinions or attitudes 
(e.g. amazing) usually come first, before more neutral, factual ones:
e.g.: She was wearing an amazing red coat.
Not: … red amazing coat
If we don’t want to emphasize any one of the adjectives, the most usual 
sequence of adjectives is:
Opinion / size / shape / age / color / origin / material / purpose 
e.g.: 
She was a beautiful, tall, thin, young, black-haired, Scottish woman.
What an amazing, little, old, Chinese cup and saucer!
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EXERCISE 1
Selecione a forma correta: 
a. It is a good pen / pen good.
b. We are bad students / students bad.
c. These are tables small / small tables.
d. He is a man tall / tall man.
e. She is a girl short / short girl.
f. He studies with a good teacher / teacher good.
g. Don't break the chair red / red chair.
h. Is it a large white house / house white large?
i. The green pencils/pencils green are on the chair short/ short chair
EXERCISE 2
Coloque os adjetivos na ordem correta 
a. He has a _______________ car. (black / new) 
b. Jane is reading an _____________ book. (interesting / old / German)
c. That restaurants sells a ___________ food. (French / classic / 
delicious)
d. Where is that ____________ cat? (old / silly / black) 
e. WOW! What a ________________ flag. (big/ American)
f. The new Nikes are those ____________ shoes right there. (blue / 
beautiful / big)
g. Yoko is a ________________ girl. (tall / beautiful / Japanese)
h. Cacau Show is selling a ________________ chocolate. (delicious / 
caramel / Belgian) 
i. English Universe is an ________________ school in GV. (amazing / 
English)
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. It is a good pen.
b. We are bad students.
c. These are small tables.
d. He is a tall man.
e. She is a short girl.
f. He studies with a good teacher.
g. Don't break the red chair.
h. It is a large white house?
i. The green pencils are on the short chair
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. He has a NEW BLACK car. 
b. Jane is reading an INTERESTING OLD GERMAN book. 
c. That restaurants sells a DELICIOUS CLASSIC FRENCH food. 
d. Where is that SILLY OLD BLACK cat? 
e. WOW! What a BIG AMERICAN flag. 
f. The new Nikes are those BEAUTIFUL BIG BLUE shoes right there. 
g. Yoko is a BEAUTIFUL TALL JAPANESE girl. 
h. Cacau Show is selling a DELICIOUS BELGIAN CARAMEL chocolate. 
i. English Universe is an AMAZING ENGLISH school in GV..
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
NO = NOT ANY [p.100]
Usa-se no (=nenhum, nenhuma):
1. No é sempre seguido de um substantivo e equivale a uma oração negativa 
com any. Assim, quando usamos o no, o verbo será sempre usado na forma 
afirmativa:
I have no money to go to the cinema. [Não tenho (nenhum) dinheiro para 
ir ao cinema.]
He has no friends to talk. [Ele não tem (nenhum) amigo para conversar.]
We have no water to drink now. [Nós não temos (nenhuma) água para beber 
agora.]
Nunca podemos usar duas negações na mesma oração!
2. No = not any or not a:
There are no cars on the streets. (=There aren't any cars...) 
It's a beautiful house, but there is no garden. (=...there isn't a garden.)
There is no milk in the box. (There isn't any milk in the box.)
 
NOTE: negative verb + any = positive verb + no:
They haven't got any children. 
OR 
They've got no children.
(Not They haven't got no children.)
There isn't any sugar in your coffee. 
OR
There's no sugar in your coffee.
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EXERCISE 1
Translate the sentences using not any and no: 
a. Eu não tenho amigos nesta cidade.
b. Ele não tem tempo para estudar.
c. Ela não tem dinheiro no bolso.
d. Não tem açúcar na mesa.
e. Não tem café para beber.
f. Nós não temos parentes nesse país.
g. Elas não têm passaporte.
h. Eu não tenho dinheiro.
EXERCISE 2
Marque a opção correta:
a. I don’t have no friends. ( ) 
I have no friends. ( ) 
b. I don’t know any restaurants near here. ( ) 
I know any restaurants near here. ( ) 
c. I don’t has any spoons now. ( ) 
I have no spoons now. ( ) 
d. You don’t know any answer. ( ) 
You don’t know no answer. ( ) 
e. She doesn’t want any fruits. ( ) 
She wants any fruits. ( ) 
f. Did you collect any coins? ( ) 
Didn’t you collect any coins? ( ) 
g. He was no warrior. ( ) 
He wasn’t no warrior. ( ) 
h. They didn’t go to any shops. ( ) 
They didn’t go to no shops. ( )
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. Eu não tenho amigos nesta cidade. 
I have no friends in this town. 
I don’t have any friends in this town. 
b. Ele não tem tempo para estudar. 
He has no time to study. 
He doesn’t have any time to study. 
c. Ela não tem dinheiro no bolso. 
She has no money in her pocket. 
She doesn’t have any money in her pocket. 
d. Não tem açúcar na mesa. 
There is no sugar on the table. 
There isn’t any sugar on the table. 
e. Não tem café para beber. 
There is no coffee to drink. 
There isn’t any coffee to drink. 
f. Nós não temos parentes nesse país. 
We have no relatives in this country. 
We don’t have any relatives in this country. 
g. Elas não têm passaporte. 
They have no passport. 
They don’t have any passport. 
h. Eu não tenho dinheiro. 
I have no money. 
I don’t have any money. 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. I don’t have no friends. ( ) 
I have no friends. ( X ) 
b. I don’t know any restaurants near here. ( X ) 
I know any restaurants near here. ( ) 
c. I don’t has any spoons now. ( ) 
I have no spoons now. ( X ) 
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d. You don’t know any answer. ( X ) 
You don’t know no answer. ( ) 
e. She doesn’t want any fruits. ( X ) 
She wants any fruits. ( ) 
f. Did you collect any coins? ( ) 
Didn’t you collect any coins? ( X ) 
*Aqui ambas as opções estão gramaticalmente corretas, porém, dentro da matéria 
estudadaneste tópico, a segunda opção é a mais coerente com o tema. 
g. He was no warrior. ( X ) 
He wasn’t no warrior. ( ) 
h. They didn’t go to any shops. ( X ) 
They didn’t go to no shops. ( )
Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
GREAT BRITAIN CURRENCY [p.101]
A Grã-Bretanha ainda usa sua própria moeda, oficialmente a Libra Esterlina 
- pound (£), apesar de o Euro ter entrado em vigor, em janeiro de 2002, os 
bretões não adotaram a moeda geral da Europa.
Um pound é composto por 100 pence. 
Confira a seguir a tabela com os nomes das quantias e das moedas e cédulas 
do dinheiro britânico:
1p A penny (one p)
 
2p Two pence (two p) 
5p Five pence (five p) 
10p Ten pence (ten p) 
 
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£10 Ten pounds
 
£20 Twenty pounds
£50 fifty pounds 
20p Twenty pence
50p Fifty pence 
 
£1 A pound 
£2 Two pounds 
£5 £5 Five pounds
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
“ARRIVE AT” AND “ARRIVE IN” [p.370]
MORE THAN 
More quer dizer MAIS. O nosso “mais”, quando dizemos mais carros, mais 
gente, mais livros, mais dedos, mais cadeiras...
More than quer dizer MAIS QUE e usamos quando queremos comparar que 
algo é mais do que alguma coisa.
e.g.:
There are more people in a town than in a village. = Há MAIS pessoas em 
uma cidade DO QUE em uma vila. 
e.g.: 
There are more pages in this book than in that book. = Há MAIS páginas 
neste livro DO QUE naquele livro.
EXERCISE 1
Change the sentences into English:
a. Há mais alunos do que professores nesta sala.
b. Eu tenho mais dedos do que polegares nas minhas mãos.
c. Ela tem mais primos do que irmãos.
d. Há mais meninos do que meninas nesta sala. 
e. John tem mais livros do que eu.
f. Há mais países na Ásia do que na Europa
Exemplos: 
1p - one penny (one p / a penny)
£5.75 - five pounds seventy-five (pence - opcional)
25p - twenty-five pence (twenty-five p)
The apples are 65p.
We pay £250 a month in rent.
* As expressões entre parênteses referem-se ao modo mais informal/
coloquial de dizer os valores. Pronuncia-se esse "p" como se diz a letra: /pi/. 
Em geral, você irá ouvir o preço ou em fifty pence ou em fifty "pee"
NOTE: 
Algumas pessoas hoje em dia usam a forma plural pence para um valor 
no singular, em contextos informais. Também em contextos informais, 
às vezes pound é utilizado para o plural. 
Examples:
That's two pounds and one pence, please.
It cost me eight pound fifty.
 
(Escaneie o QR code acima e assista o vídeo)
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Veja estes exemplos:
 √ fewer bottles of milk
 √ fewer bread rolls
 √ fewer glasses of water
 √ fewer red chairs
 √ fewer rain coats
EXERCISE 1
Change the sentences into English:
a. Há menos professores do que alunos nesta sala.
b. Eu tenho menos polegares do que dedos nas minhas mãos.
c. Ela tem menos irmãos do que primos.
d. Há menos meninos do que meninas nesta sala. 
e. John tem menos livros do que eu.
f. Há menos países na Europa do que na Ásia
EXERCISE 2
Give complete answers.
a. Have you got fewer fingers than thumbs on your hands? 
_____________________________________________________________
b. Are there fewer people in a city than in a village? 
_____________________________________________________________
c. Have you got fewer legs than fingers? 
_____________________________________________________________
d. Are there fewer chairs than tables in your house? 
_____________________________________________________________
e. Are there fewer windows than doors in a house? 
_____________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
Give complete answers.
a. Are there more people in a town than in a village? 
_____________________________________________________________
b. Are there more tables in this school than chairs? 
_____________________________________________________________
c. Have you got more thumbs than fingers on your hands? 
_____________________________________________________________
d. Are there more teachers in this school than students? 
_____________________________________________________________
e. Are there more cars in New York than in Paris? 
_____________________________________________________________
FEWER THAN 
Fewer quer dizer MENOS. O nosso “menos”, quando dizemos menos carros, 
menos gente, menos livros, menos dedos, menos cadeiras.
Fewer than quer dizer MENOS QUE e usamos quando queremos comparar 
que algo é menos que alguma coisa.
e.g.:
There are fewer people in here than outside. = Tem MENOS gente aqui DO 
QUE do lado de fora. 
e.g.: 
There are fewer tables than chairs. = Há MENOS mesas DO QUE cadeiras.
Com os substantivos contáveis, como pessoas e mesas, usamos fewer. Fewer 
people, fewer chairs, fewer tables, fewer stars, fewer lines.
Repare por aí quando você ouvir ou ler fewer than e perceba o que a pessoa 
está dizendo que tem menos.
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c. Ela tem menos irmãos do que primos. 
She has fewer brothers than cousins. 
d. Há menos meninos do que meninas nesta sala. 
There are fewer boys than girls in this room. 
e. John tem menos livros do que eu. 
John has fewer books than I do. 
f. Há menos países na Europa do que na Ásia. 
There are fewer countries in Europe than in Asia. 
 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. Have you got fewer fingers than thumbs on your hands? 
No, I haven’t got fewer fingers than thumbs on my hands.
b. Are there fewer people in a city than in a village? 
No, there aren’t fewer people in a city than in a village.
c. Have you got fewer legs than fingers? 
Yes, I’ve got fewer legs than fingers.
d. Are there fewer chairs than tables in your house? 
No, there aren’t fewer chairs than tables in my house.
e. Are there fewer windows than doors in a house? 
No, there aren’t fewer windows than doors in a house.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1 - MORE THAN
a. Há mais alunos do que professores nesta sala. 
There are more students than teachers in this room.
b. Eu tenho mais dedos do que polegares nas minhas mãos. 
I have more fingers than thumbs on my hands. 
c. Ela tem mais primos do que irmãos. 
She has more cousins than brothers. 
d. Há mais meninos do que meninas nesta sala. 
There are more boys than girls in this room. 
e. John tem mais livros do que eu. 
John has more books than I do. 
f. Há mais países na Ásia do que na Europa. 
There are more countries in Asia than in Europe. 
 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. Are there more people in a town than in a village? 
Yes, there are more people in a town than in a village.
b. Are there more tables in this school than chairs? 
No, there aren’t more tables in this school than chairs.
c. Have you got more thumbs than fingers on your hands? 
No, I haven’t got more thumbs than fingers on my hands.
d. Are there more teachers in this school than students? 
No, there aren’t more teachers in this school than students.
e. Are there more cars in New York than in Paris? 
Yes, there are more cars in New York than in Paris
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1 - FEWER THAN
a. Há menos professores do que alunos nesta sala. 
There are fewer teachers than students in this room.
b. Eu tenho menos polegares do que dedos nas minhas mãos. 
I have fewer thumbs than fingers on my hands. 
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Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
THE TIME IN ENGLISH [p.103]
De férias, no trabalho, passeando… Saber as horas é sempre importante. 
Isso porque elas norteiam nosso dia. Para responder a pergunta What time 
is it? você vai usar muito números – os cardinais, claro. Aliás, o jeito maissimples de dizer as horas em inglês é usando “It’s…” seguido simplesmente 
dos números em inglês:
e.g.: 
7:20 – It´s seven twenty
4:35 – It´s four thirty-five
2:10 – It´s two ten
É claro que, em inglês, como em português, há um jeito diferente de dizer 
o número 30 para horas. Nosso “meia” vira half past:
e.g.: 
8:30 – It´s half past eight
11:30 – It´s half past eleven
Só que o inglês é mais arrojado e tem um jeito especial de dizer “quinze 
minutos” também: a quarter.
e.g.: 
3:15 –It´s a quarter past three.
Aliás, esta estrutura com past pode ser usada com qualquer quantidade de 
minutos abaixo de 30:
e.g.: 
6:20 – It´s six twenty ou It´s twenty past six
5:10 – It´s five ten ou It´s ten past five
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c. 
 
It's ______________________
d. 
 
It's ______________________
e. 
 
It's ______________________
f. 
 
It's ______________________
g. 
 
It's ______________________
h. 
 
It's ______________________
i. 
 
It's ______________________
j. 
 
It's ______________________ 
EXERCISE 2
Complete com os horários em que você realiza tais atividades no seu 
dia-a-dia.
I get up at ____________________, then I have breakfast at ____________. 
I take a shower and go to school at _____________. I study until ___________, 
then I go home and eat lunch at ______________. In the afternoon, I 
__________________ at ____________ and sometimes I ______________ at 
around ____________.Usually my dinner begins at ______________ and ends 
at ____________. I watch some TV before sleeping at __________________. 
E quando estão faltando menos de 30 minutos para um determinado horário? 
Usamos to com a próxima hora, assim:
e.g.: 
6:45 – It´s a quarter to seven
8:55 – It´s five to nine
Você deve ter reparado que, até agora, só usamos horas de 1 a 12, né? Isso 
porque, em inglês, é mais comum usar horas de 1 a 12 e, depois, usar PM para 
indicar se é um horário da tarde ou da noite e AM para dizer que é um horário 
da madrugada ou da manhã. Falando nisso, quando falamos do horário das 
12h, podemos diferenciar com AM e PM ou dizer:
Midday – meio-dia
Midnight – meia-noite
Só tome cuidado com as expressões para 12h, porque elas são mais comuns 
com horas cheias. E, falando em horas cheias, com todas elas, podemos usar 
a expressão o’clock:
e.g.: 
8:00 – It´s eight o’clock
10:00 – It´s ten o’clock
As aulas de inglês da English Universe, por exemplo, acontecem em horas 
terminadas com o’clock, já que começam a cada 60 minutos.
EXERCISE 1
What is the time by this clock? 
a. 
 
It's ______________________
b. 
 
It's ______________________
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POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND POSSESSIVE 
PRONOUNS [p.105]
Os pronomes e os adjetivos possessivos são: 
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
my (meu, minha) mine [(o) meu, (a) minha]
your (teu, tua, seu, sua) yours [(o) teu, (a) tua, (o) seu, (a) sua]
his (dele) his [(o)/(a) dele]
her (dela) hers [(o)/(a) dela]
its [dele, dela (neutro)] -
our (nosso, nossa) ours [(o) nosso, (a) nossa]
your (vosso, vossa, seu, sua, 
de vocês)
yours [(o) vosso, (a) vossa, (o) seu, (a) sua]
their [deles, delas (neutro)] theirs [(o)/(a) deles, (o)/(a) delas (neutro)]
Pronomes Possessivos Adjetivos (Possessive Adjectives):
Os adjetivos possessivos modificam os substantivos, portanto aparecem 
sempre acompanhados de substantivos. Eles também precedem substantivos.
My jacket is new. (Minha jaqueta é nova.)
Our car is red. (Nosso carro é vermelho.)
This is your pencil. [Este é (o) seu lápis.]
Os Adjetivos Possessivos (Possessive Adjectives), em Inglês, não se flexionam, 
ou seja, valem tanto para o singular como para o plural. Isso não ocorre na 
Língua Portuguesa, onde os Pronomes Possessivos Adjetivos se flexionam e 
mudam sua forma do singular para o plural.
This is our book. [Este é (o) nosso livro.]
These are our books. [Estes são (os) nossos livros.]
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. It’s eight thirty/ half past eight. 
b. It’s eight fifty-five/ five to nine
c. It’s ten fifteen/ a quarter past ten. 
d. It’s twelve fourty-five/ a quarter to one. 
e. It’s eight oh five/ five past eight
f. It’s nine fourty/ twenty to ten
g. It’s three ten/ ten past three
h. It’s eight fifty/ ten to nine
i. It’s two twenty/ twenty past two. 
j. It’s eight thirty-five.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
*resposta pessoal de acordo com horário do cotidiano do aluno, abaixo 
temos apenas um exemplo de resposta
I get up at 07:30 a.m., then I have breakfast at 08:10 a.m. I take a shower 
and go to school at 08:30 a.m. I study until 12:30 p.m., then I go home and eat 
lunch at 1:00 p.m. In the afternoon, I study English at 3:00 p.m. and sometimes 
I play tennis at around 5:30 p.m. Usually my dinner begins at 7:40 p.m. and 
ends at 8 p.m. I watch some TV before sleeping at 10 p.m. 
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Em inglês, nunca se usa artigo (the, a, an) na frente dos pronomes 
possessivos.
NUNCA FALE: My shoes are good, but not the his. (Meus sapatos são bons, 
mas não como os dele).
EXERCISE 1
Observe as palavras grifadas abaixo e diga se elas são possessive adjectives 
ou possessive pronouns.
a. This book is ours.
b. These copybooks are theirs.
c. Its house is clean. 
d. These cars are hers. 
e. Alessandro and Adir are friends of ours.
f. This is its bone.
g. She was an enemy of his.
h. These are our books.
i. She is a relative of mine.
j. His car is mine now.
EXERCISE 2
Choose whether each sentence requires a possessive adjective or a 
possessive pronoun:
a. Is that your notebook or _____________________ (my/mine)? 
b. I don't like _____________________ (their/theirs) apartment. 
c. That's not my problem. It's _____________________ (yours/your). 
d. Your car is green, while _____________________ (my/mine) is black. 
e. Isn't _____________________ (their/theirs) son older than you? 
f. A friend of _____________________ (our/ours) called. 
g. A friend of _____________________ (her/hers) brother called. 
h. He's _____________________ (our/ours) doctor. 
i. That's _____________________ (our/ours) house, not theirs
Em inglês, nunca se usa artigo (the, a, an) na frente dos pronomes 
possessivos.
NUNCA FALE: the my book (o meu livro); the her car is black (o carro dela 
é preto)
LEMBRAR: : 
O Pronome Possessivo Adjetivo (Possessive Adjective) está sempre di-
retamente ligado a um substantivo.
Pronomes Possessivos Substantivos (Possessive Pronouns):
Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns) nunca são usados antes de 
substantivo, pois sua função é substituí-lo a fim de evitar repetição.
Compare estas duas frases:
Is that car your car? (Aquele carro é o seu carro?)
Is that car yours? (Aquele carro é o seu?)
 
Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns), em Inglês, concordam 
sempre com o possuidor, diferentemente do Português, em que a concordância 
se faz com a coisa (pessoa, animal, objeto) possuída.
I have my house and you have yours. (Eu tenho a minha casa e você tem 
a sua.)
 
Os Pronomes Possessivos (Possessive Pronouns), em Inglês, não se flexionam, 
ou seja, valem tanto para o singular como para o plural. Isso não ocorre na 
Língua Portuguesa, onde os Pronomes Possessivos Substantivos se flexionam 
e mudam sua forma do singular para o plural.
This book is ours. (Este livro é nosso.)
These books are ours. (Estes livros são nossos.)
This car is mine. (Este carro é meu.)
These cars are mine. (Estes carros são meus.)
 
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AUXILIARY VERBS [p.107]
Auxiliary (or helping) verbs são usados junto com o verbo principal da 
frase para mostrar o tempo verbal, auxiliar, ou impor uma condição. Os verbos 
auxiliares mais comuns são BE, HAVE e DO. 
e.g.: 
Do you write all your dictations? >> Verbo auxiliar “DO” ajudando a fazer 
perguntas.
Jeremy is reading now. >> Verbo to be “IS” ajudando a expressar qual o 
tempo verbal.
Eles não indicam a ação, apenas acompanham os verbos que indicam as 
ações.
EXERCISE 1
Complete the sentences: 
a. We ____ do this. 
( ) don’t ( ) hasn’t ( ) haven’t 
b. ____ you think they are coming now? 
( ) do ( ) have ( ) has 
c. ____ you seeing them now? 
( ) are ( ) have ( ) has 
d. ____ you going to school? 
( ) are ( ) have ( ) do 
e. What ____ you reading at the moment? 
( ) are ( ) do ( ) have 
f. ____ you learning English at school? 
( ) do ( ) does ( ) are 
g. ____ everybody going to be there? 
( ) is ( ) are ( ) do 
h. ____ they study at your school? 
( ) do ( ) have ( ) are- 
EXTRA EXERCISE
 
(Escaneie o QR code acima e assista o vídeo)
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. This book is ours. PRONOUN 
b. These copybooks are theirs. PRONOUN 
c. Its house is clean. ADJECTIVE 
d. These cars are hers. PRONOUN 
e. Alessandro and Adir are friends of ours. PRONOUN 
f. This is its bone. ADJECTIVE 
g. He was an enemy of his. PRONOUN
h. These are our books. ADJECTIVE 
i. She is a relative of mine. PRONOUN 
j. His car is mine now. ADJECTIVE/ PRONOUN.ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. Is that your notebook or mine? 
b. I don't like their apartment. 
c. That's not my problem. It's yours. 
d. Your car is green, while mine is black. 
e. Isn't their son older than you? 
f. A friend of ours called. 
g. A friend of her brother called. 
h. He's our doctor. 
i. That's our house, not theirs.
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c. ____ you seeing them now? 
( X ) are ( ) have ( ) has 
d. ____ you going to school? 
( X ) are ( ) have ( ) do 
e. What ____ you reading at the moment? 
( X ) are ( ) do ( ) have 
f. ____ you learning English at school? 
( ) do ( ) does ( X ) are 
g. ____ everybody going to be there? 
( X ) is ( ) are ( ) do 
h. ____ they study at your school? 
( X ) do ( ) have ( ) are-
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. Do you go home after the lesson? 
b. She hasn’t got two heads. 
c. They aren’t going to the window.
d. You are putting in your pen into your pocket. 
e. Do they walk to school? 
f. What do you do before the lesson? 
EXERCISE 2
Correct the sentences using the right auxiliary verb, as in the example: 
e.g.: He doesn’t speaking Spanish. = He isn’t speaking Spanish.
a. Is you go home after the lesson?
b. She isn’t got two heads.
c. They don’t going to the window.
d. You have putting in your pen into your pocket.
e. Have they walk to school?
f. What have you do before the lesson?
EXTRA EXERCISE
 
(Escaneie o QR code acima e assista o vídeo) 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. We ____ do this. 
( X ) don’t ( ) hasn’t ( ) haven’t 
b. ____ you think they are coming now? 
( X ) do ( ) have ( ) has 
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QUANTIFIERS: MUCH, MANY, FEW, LITTLE [p.120]
Quantifiers são expressões usadas para indicar e fornecer informações a 
respeito da quantidade de algo. Antes de prosseguirmos para os principais 
exemplos de quantifiers, é importante lembrarmos o conceito dos tipos de 
substantivos:
 √ Countable são aqueles substantivos que podemos contar, não neces-
sitando de nenhuma unidade de medida, permitindo a forma singular 
e plural. 
 √ Uncountable são os substantivos que não podemos contar, tornando-se 
necessária uma unidade de medida. Esses substantivos só apresentam 
a forma singular.
MUCH x MANY
Os dois indicam a mesma coisa: muito ou muita, muitos ou muitas. No 
entanto, o uso de cada um irá depender justamente do tipo de substantivo.
“Much” é usado nos casos de substantivos não-contáveis. 
e.g.: How much sugar do you need? = Quanto de açúcar você precisa? 
“Many” é usado nos casos de substantives contáveis. 
e.g.: How many students are there? = Quantos estudantes estão lá?
LITTLE x FEW
Os quantifiers “little” e “few” possuem o mesmo significado: pouco ou 
pouca, poucos ou poucas. A diferença entre os dois é que enquanto “little” se 
refere aos substantivos não-contáveis, “few” se refere aos contáveis. 
e.g.: There are few people in the theater. = Há poucas pessoas no teatro. 
Add little sugar, please. = Adicione pouca açúcar, por favor.
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ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. We saw MANY animals at the house.
b. How MANY oranges are you putting in the box?
c. There isn’t MUCH sugar in my coffee.
d. I don’t have MANY friends.
e. The old man hasn’t got MUCH hair on his head.
f. I´m carrying MANY things in my pockets.
g. How MANY fruits do you eat? 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. There is LITTLE time to go there now.
b. FEW people can speak English in Brazil.
c. There is LITTLE sugar in my tea.
d. There are FEW people in a village.
e. There’s LITTLE milk on the table.
f. There are FEW cars outside.
g. I want LITTLE salt on my meat. 
EXERCISE 1
Complete usando many ou much: 
a. We saw _____ animals at the house.
b. How _____ oranges are you putting in the box?
c. There isn’t _____ sugar in my coffee.
d. I don’t have ______ friends.
e. The old man hasn’t got _____ hair on his head.
f. I´m carrying _____ things in my pockets.
g. How _____ fruits do you eat? 
EXERCISE 2
Complete usando few ou little:
a. There is _______ time to go there now.
b. _______ people can speak English in Brazil.
c. There is _______ sugar in my tea.
d. There are _______ people in a village.
e. There’s _______ milk on the table.
f. There are _______ cars outside.
g. I want ______ salt on my meat
EXTRA EXERCISE
 
(Escaneie o QR code acima e assista o vídeo)
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MUCH/ MANY [p.90+121]
MUCH quer dizer muito e MANY quer dizer muitos. 
Usamos much com singular, ou seja, coisas que não podemos contar e 
usamos many com plural, ou seja, coisas que podemos contar. 
e.g.: I have much money.
 I have many dollars.
EXERCISE 1
Complete com “many” ou “much”. 
a. cars
b. pictures
c. flowers
d. milk
e. numbers
f. money
g. tea
h. girls
i. pencils
j. food
k. sugar
l. women
m. children
n. time
EXERCISE 2
fill the blanks with “many” or “much”.
a. Jane hasn't got ______ time.
b. Do you know ______ words in English?
c. He didn't ______ eat meat.
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d. There isn't ______ butter in the fridge.
e. How lessons ______ do you have on Mondays?
f. There was too ______ noise in the streets.
g. Samantha has as ______ money as Bruce.
h. I cannot see ______ stars in the sky tonight.
i. Do you have ______ friends abroad? 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
a. MANY cars
b. MANY pictures
c. MANY flowers
d. MUCH milk
e. MANY numbers
f. MUCH money
g. MUCH tea 
h. MANY girls
i. MANY pencils
j. MUCH food
k. MUCH sugar
l. MANY women
m. MANY children
n. MUCH time 
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. Jane hasn't got much time.
b. Do you know many words in English?
c. He didn't much eat meat.
d. There isn't much butter in the fridge.
e. How lessons many do you have on Mondays?
f. There was too much noise in the streets.
g. Samantha has as much money as Bruce.
h. I cannot see many stars in the sky tonight.
i. Do you have many friends abroad? 
Grammar Class - Stage 2 Grammar Class - Stage 2 
FEW/FEWER/FEWEST – LITTLE/LESS/LEAST 
[p.122+124]
 √ Few quer dizer “poucos/poucas” (plural) >> Few questions are asked 
in the class.
 √ Little quer dizer “pouco/pouca” (singular) >> Little butter was put on 
his bread.
As formas comparativas são: (usamos pra comparar duas coisas). 
 √ Fewer (than) >> This book has fewer pages than that book. 
 √ Less (than) >> He has less money this year than last year.
As formas superlativas são: (usamos para comparar mais de duas coisas)
 √ The fewest: >> This month we have got the fewest people 
 √ The least: >> My mum is the one who drinks the least coffee in my family.
Few-fewer-fewest são usados com substantivos que podemos contar (1 
book, 2 books)
 √ There are few people in the village.
 √ There are fewer people in the school today than yesterday. 
 √ This book has the fewest pages.
Little-less-least são usados com substantivos que não podemos contar 
(milk, cheese, money, homework...). 
 √ There is little milk. 
 √ Alex has got less money than Julia. 
 √ I am the person who drinks the least coffee in my family
EXERCISE 1
Complete as frases usando (few - fewer - fewest / little - less - least): 
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ANSWERS EXERCISE 1
g. There were FEWER men in the classroom than women.
h. I´ve got LESS time to do things this year than last year.
i. We need LITTLE help this week.
j. They´ve got LESS money this year than last year.
k. I hope you are making FEW mistakes with your English.
l. There is LESS food in the box than on the table.
m. There are FEWER hours of darkness in the summer than in the 
winter.
n. You can put LESS butter on this bread than on the other one.
o. Our teacher gave us LESS homework today than yesterday.
p. They have the FEWEST people.
q. During the week, we see the FEWEST students on Thursday.
ANSWERS EXERCISE 2
a. have – fewer – I – than – thumbs – on – hands – my – fingers 
I have fewer thumbs than fingers on my hands.
b. I – least – drink – the – my – in – coffee – family 
I drink the least coffee in my family.
c. She – less – water – drinks – than – milk 
She drinks less water than milk.
d. book – fewest – has – this – the – pages 
This book has the fewest pages.
e. little – have – I – money 
I have little money.
f. are – few- people – there – village – a – in 
There are few people in a village. 
a. There were __________ men in the classroom than women.
b. I´ve got __________ time to do things this year than last year.
c. We need __________ help this week.
d. They´ve got _________ money this year than last year.
e. I hope you are making __________ mistakes with your English.
f. There is __________ food in the box than on the table.
g. There are __________ hours of darkness in the summer than in the 
winter.
h. You can put __________ butter on this bread than on the other 
one.
i. Our teacher gave us __________ homework today than yesterday.
j. They have the __________ people.
k. During the week, we see the __________ students on Thursday
EXERCISE 2
Reorganize as palavras para formar frases: 
a. have – fewer – I – than – thumbs – on – hands – my - fingers
b. I – least – drink – the – my – in – coffee - family
c. She – less – water – drinks – than - milk
d. book – fewest – has – this – the - pages
e. little – have – I - money
f. are – few- people – there – village – a - in
EXTRA EXERCISE
 
(Escaneie o QR code acima e assista o vídeo)
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Stage 
2