LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II teste de conhecimento

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Teste de
Conhecimento
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Transitions words, just like coordinating conjunctions, can link sentences to convey different meanings. Based on it, what is
the meaning conveyed by transitions words, such as however and nevertheless?
In Australian English, a specific central coordinating conjunction can be placed not only in the beginning of the second
clause, but also at the end. Choose the option that corresponds to this coordinating conjunction:
LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II
Lupa Calc.
 
 
EEL0061_202001150481_TEMAS 
 
Aluno: FERNANDA DE OLIVEIRA VIANA MACHADO Matr.: 202001150481
Disc.: LÍN ING - EST SIN 2022.1 EAD (G) / EX
 
Prezado (a) Aluno(a),
 
Você fará agora seu TESTE DE CONHECIMENTO! Lembre-se que este exercício é opcional, mas não valerá ponto para sua
avaliação. O mesmo será composto de questões de múltipla escolha.
Após responde cada questão, você terá acesso ao gabarito comentado e/ou à explicação da mesma. Aproveite para se
familiarizar com este modelo de questões que será usado na sua AV e AVS.
 
 
1.
Alternative
Cause
Result
Contrast
Addition
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:40:01
 
Explicação:
Feedback: However and nevertheless have similar meanings since both convey contrast. Other transition words
are used whenever the clauses connected refer to different ideas such as addition or cause. Furthermore is used
for addition, whereas as a result is used for cause.
 
 
 
 
2.
And
Or
For
So
But
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:40:37
 
Explicação:
Feedback: In Australian English, we can find, in colloquial language usage, another position for the conjunction
but. Instead of occupying the initial position in a clause, it can be placed at the end. This is, however, a very
specific colloquial use of this variety.
 
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Read the text below:
Virologist at Columbia University Angela Rasmussen suggests avoiding public transportation, if possible, especially if
crowded.
"Any type of public transportation that has a lot of people crowded together in an enclosed, poorly ventilated space is an
environment with increased transmission risk," Rasmussen tells Newsweek. "This especially applies to packed subway cars
or public buses."
Feinberg says there is not an issue with ventilation within subway cars; in fact, MTA's numbers surpass the recommendation
promoted by the CDC. [1] Though there are no standards for subway cars, the MTA has adapted the guidelines for the air
exchange rates for health care facilities. She says that [2] while the recommendation from the CDC is 10 times per hour,
the subway's numbers are upwards of 16 or 18 times per hour. "It doesn't mean we are perfect, we are always looking for
what else we can do," Feinberg says."But we are in a pretty good place there."
The issue of crowding, though, is really up to the rider, Feinberg adds.
Patience is key, the virologist explains. [3] If a train pulls up that is too crowded to allow for appropriate social distancing,
then wait for the next one.
(SCHONFELD, Alexandra. How Safe Is the New York City Subway Right Now? 2020. Newsweek Magazine. Available at:
https://www.newsweek.com/how-safe-new-york-city-subway-right-now-1521844. Accessed August31st , 2021)
 
What is the function of the Adverbial Clauses [1], [2], and [3] respectively?
Read the text below:
 
With restaurants, stores and even public pools and beaches now open after months of being shuttered, some New Yorkers
might wonder whether it's safe to swipe their Metrocards again and hop on the train or bus. Interim MTA President Sarah
Feinberg says, "It's time to come back."
In May, the MTA restricted its otherwise 24/7 service and began shutting down trains from 1 a.m. to 5 a.m. [1] so that the
company could completely sanitize each car.
"We're doing 24/7 cleaning," Feinberg tells Newsweek. "But, it obviously is helpful for us to be able to have the system
completely free of all riders in those overnight hours, [2] in order that we can be particularly efficient."
In the beginning of March, [3] when the virus began affecting New York City, MTA workers were not allowed to wear masks
while on duty - in alignment with the CDC recommendations at the time. The ban was then lifted [4] after there was a
backlash from the Transport Workers Union Local 100, the New York Daily News reported. The MTA reports that 4,110 MTA
employees have tested positive for the virus as of July 29.
(SCHONFELD, Alexandra. How Safe Is the New York City Subway Right Now? 2020. Newsweek Magazine. Available at:
https://www.newsweek.com/how-safe-new-york-city-subway-right-now-1521844. Accessed August31st , 2021)
 
Which subordinate clauses highlighted in the text contain subordinators used to indicate PURPOSE?
 
 
 
3.
Manner, Contrast, Place
Time, Place, Manner
Place, Condition, Reason
Contrast, Time, Condition
Reason, Purpose, Result
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:43:07
 
Explicação:
Contrast, Time, Condition (CORRECT). The subordinator THOUGH is used to convey CONTRAST. Subordinator
WHILE refers to TIME and the subordinator IF is used to indicate CONDITION. None of the subordinators used in
the highlighted clauses indicate Time, Place, or Manner. None of the subordinators used in the highlighted clauses
indicate Reason, Purpose, or Result.
 
 
 
 
4.
3 and 4
2 and 4
1 and 4
1 and 2
2 and 3
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:48:58
 
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In 2018, WWF released a text warning that the Mediterranean Sea is about to become a sea of plastic. After reading
the excerpt below on the topic, choose the option that best describes the relationship between the clause in bold and
the noun phrase it refers to:
"Worsening plastic pollution will threaten the Mediterranean¿s global reputation for tourism and seafood, undermining
the local communities who depend on these sectors for their livelihoods".
Source: The Mediterranean at risk of becoming 'a sea of plastic', WWF warns | WWF (panda.org)
In 2014, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published a document with guidelines for a more
sustainable use of plastic. You can find in the excerpt below a clause defining the sort of world the project is willing to
build. After reading it, choose the option that best rephrases it.
 
"The Plastic Disclosure Project asks organisations to measure, manage, disclose and benefit from more sustainable use of
plastic. It seeks a world in which plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the
environment".
Mark the option that best classifies the clause between brackets. You should also analyze the explanation used to justify
such classification:
"The global ocean is made up of five interconnecting ocean areas, [which are often referred to as individual oceans]".
Explicação:
1 and 2 (CORRECT). Subordinators SO THAT and IN ORDER THAT are used to indicate PURPOSE. The other
subordinators, WHEN and AFTER, are used to express TIME.
 
 
 
 
5.
The referent is "the local communities" and the restrictive relative clause identifies those who will be affected by
worsening plastic pollution - that is, those who depend on tourism and seafood.
The referent is "the Mediterranean's global reputation" and the nonrestrictive relative clause comments on the impact
of plastic on local communities.
The referent is "tourism and seafood" and the restrictive relative clause specifies the ways in which these sectors will
be threatened by worsening plastic pollution.
The referent is "worsening plastic pollution" and the nonrestrictive relative clause defines those who will experience
the effects of such environmental problem.
The referent is "tourism and seafood" and the nonrestrictive relative clause provides additionalinformation on how
these activities will be affected by the accumulation of plastic.
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:48:10
 
Explicação:
The relative pronoun "who" refers to human antecedents, in this case, "the local communities", helping us identify
those that will be especially threatened by worsening plastic pollution. What's more, the relative clause in
question is nonrestrictive since it specifies the communities. The relative clause is not omissible. The only correct
option is thus "The referent is "the local communities" and the restrictive relative clause identifies those who will
be affected by worsening plastic pollution - that is, those who depend on tourism and seafood".
 
 
 
 
6.
It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the
environment.
It seeks a world when plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the
environment.
It seeks a world that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
It seeks a world how plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
It seeks a world in that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the
environment.
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:41:25
 
Explicação:
Where is the relative adverb that best conveys the meaning of place present in in which. "In which" can convey
different meanings such as place, time and manner. In the excerpt, though, place is being conveyed. In order to
rewrite the sentence while still retaining its original meaning, "where" should be used. The only correct option is
hence: "It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the
environment". The other options convey either time (when), manner (how) or present relative pronouns (that).
 
 
 
 
7.
Restrictive relative clause, because it elicits additional information on the concept of "interconnecting ocean areas".
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Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "the people" in the main clause and in the
restrictive relative clause respectively:
 
"These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people [that rely on them]"
In formal writing we find conditional clauses marked by inversion, as in:
English Word order has been described as fixed. It is true that the placement of elements is strictly regulated in this
language and that variations of the canonical SVO Word order are possible. Yet there are other sorts of rare word order
variation in this language due mainly to fronting and its discourse functions. What are some of these discourse functions?
i) repetition.
ii) expressing contrast.
iii) enabling particular elements to gain emphasis.
Nonrestrictive relative clause, because it elicits additional information on the concept of "interconnecting ocean areas".
Nonrestrictive relative clause, because it defines the concept of "interconnecting ocean areas".
Restrictive relative clause, because it defines the concept of "interconnecting ocean areas".
Relative adverbial, because it determines where such "interconnecting ocean areas" are.
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:52:21
 
Explicação:
Kept apart from the main clause by a comma, the nonrestrictive clause between brackets provides additional
information on the concept of "interconnecting ocean areas" - data that we could see as omissible, since erasing
the nonrestrictive relative clause would not hinder the understanding of the main clause as a whole. Restrictive
relative clauses define nouns or clauses; whereas nonrestrictive relative clauses provide additional, omissible
information. Therefore, the only correct option is "Nonrestrictive relative clause, because it elicits additional
information on the concept of "interconnecting ocean areas"".
 
 
 
 
8.
Subject, agent of the passive voice.
Subject, object.
Object, subject.
Subject, subject.
Object, object.
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:50:04
 
Explicação:
The noun phrase "the people" is the object of the verb "affect" in the main clause as well as the subject of the
verb "rely" in the restrictive relative clause. Remember that the canonical word order in English is subject-verb-
complement, meaning that the subject usually precedes the verb phrase and that a complement (in this case an
object) follows the verb phrase. "The people" follow the verb phrase, being the complement or object of the verb
"affect"; whereas "that" precedes the verb "rely", occupying then the subject slot. The only correct alternative is
"object, subject".
 
 
 
 
9.
If it were not for your attitude, I would be more helpful.
I would be more helpful, were it not for your attitude.
I would be more helpful, If it were not for your attitude.
If your attitude was nice, I would be more helpful.
I would love it if you were nice.
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:50:22
 
Explicação:
Even though all options show conditional clauses, the sentence "I would be more helpful, were it not for your
attitude" is the only one in which a verb-subject inversion occurs. Inversions in conditional clauses occur only
when IF is omitted. Notice that this is the only sentence in which IF is not present.
 
 
 
 
10.
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iv) organizing information flow to achieve cohesion.
Options iii) and iv) are the only ones correct.
Options ii), iii) and iv) are correct.
Options i) and ii) are correct.
Only option ii) is correct.
Options i), ii) and iii) are correct.
Data Resp.: 16/03/2022 18:51:39
 
Explicação:
Some of the discourse functions of fronting include: expressing contrast, adding emphasis to certain elements,
and organizing information flow. Fronting may be an efficient cohesive mechanism and it has no relation
whatsoever to repetition. Therefore, option i) is the only incorrect information, meaning that ii), iii) and iv) are
correct.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Não Respondida Não Gravada Gravada
 
 
Exercício inciado em 16/03/2022 18:39:49.