FTLI 02

Prévia do material em texto

FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aula 2- Tipos de Tradução
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
 Types of translation
 Role of the translator
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Types of translations
There are various types of translation available. 
Ultimately, these variations will include differences in form 
(oral, written), type (literal, non-literal), method 
(simultaneous, consecutive), and medium (human, 
computer-assisted, mechanic). We will go through each of 
these types and expand this classification so as to include 
differences regarding the level of synthesis/ analysis of the 
translation. 
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
A quotation by Cervantes
“Translating from one language to another, unless it is from 
Greek and Latin, the queens of all languages, is like looking 
at Flemish tapestries from the wrong side, for although the 
figures are visible, they are covered by threads that 
obscure them, and cannot be seen with the smoothness 
and color of the right side.”
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
A quotation by Cervantes
This enlightening quotation can illustrate how challenging 
the work of a translator can be and how important it is in 
giving meaning to a message sent in a SL to a TL. The idea 
that the meaning proposed by an author can be obscured in 
TL if not translated carefully is strengthened when we 
come across badly translated texts in which the message is 
totally different from the original one
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Types of translations.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Human / Mechanical
Human – Translation from SL to TL made by a human 
translator.
Mechanical – Translation in which a computer program 
analyses a source text and produces a target text without 
any human intervention. This kind of translation can 
usually be used with texts with limited range of vocabulary 
and simple sentence structure. 
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Computer-aided
Computer-aided – Translation in which a human 
translator decodes language from SL to TL with the 
assistance of a computer. Usually the computer does the 
first round of translation and the professional translator 
revises the produced text
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Oral / Written
Written – Translation performed in written form, 
irrespective of the text format, and can be literal or non-
literal, consecutive or simultaneous.
Oral – Translation performed in oral form, irrespective of 
the text format, and, differently from the written mode, 
can only be non-literal, consecutive or simultaneous.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Literary / Non-literary
Literary – Translation of texts that belong to the world of 
imagination (eg. literature and other similar texts).
Non-literary - Translation of texts that belong to the world 
of facts (eg. weather forecast, reports).
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Simultaneous / Consecutive / Sight-translation
Consecutive – Type of oral translation in which the SL is 
translated into the TL after the utterance has been made.
Simutaneous – Type of oral translation in which the SL is 
translated into the TL almost at the same time
Sight-translation – Type of translation in which a written 
text in the SL is translated orally into the TL. It can occur 
both consecutively or simultaneously. 
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
MT / CAT / MAMT
,Machine Translation (MT) - Computer program analyses a 
text in a SL and produces a text in the TL without human 
intervention; this sort of translation, however, involve pre-
or post-editing from a translator.
Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT)/ Machine-Assisted 
Translation (MAT) – Human translators interact with a 
translation system, as an assistance tool, and which offers, 
a list of translations that best complete the part of the 
sentence already translated. 
Human-Assisted Machine Translation (MAMT) - Computer 
system does most of the translation
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation types: level of Analysis and Synthesis
Another way of classifying the types of translation 
is related to the level of analysis/ synthesis of the 
text. 
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Unit of translation
•sound translation 
•word translation 
•sentence translation 
•paragraph translation 
•text translation 
•intertextual translation 
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Aim of translation
•Literal - Translation which represents the precise meaning 
of the text being translated
•Summative translation - Translation in which the main 
ideas are translated into the TL.
•Abstracts - Translation done in no more than one 
paragraph in which the main idea of the SL text is 
portrayed.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Tasks and objectives of translation
•Literary translation - only the main ideas are translated in 
the TL, as opposed to a word-by-word translation.
•Informative translation - separation of important 
information from insignificant information, which enables 
the reader to understand the sense
•Semantic translation - use of semantic information to aid 
in the translation of data from SL to TL.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Number of translators
•Individual translation - Translation done by a single 
individual.
•Committee translation - Translation done by a group of 
people.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Other types of translations
Back Translation – Kind of translation in which the 
translated text in the TL is translated back to SL to 
determine if the original meaning has been preserved.
Common Language Translation - Kind of translation in which 
a text in a SL is translated in the same SL in an idiomatic 
version to suit the average speaker. The grammar and lexis 
of the text is chosen very carefully to ensure understanding 
of the text.
Free translation – Kind of translation that keeps the 
meaning from the SL but uses the natural forms of the TL. 
This is a kind of idiomatic translation.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translators and Interpreters
Now that we have been through some of the different 
types of translation, we can see that none of the types 
described, except for the machine translation type, would 
be feasible without the interference of the translator.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translators and Interpreters
The difference between these two professionals is that the 
final product of a translator’s job is a written document, 
whereas the final product of an interpreter is in oral mode.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Interpreters: skills required
•High degree of proficiency in both English and the other 
language.
•Impartiality.
•Ability to accurately and idiomatically turn the message 
from the SL into the TL without any additions, omissions or 
other misleading factors that alter the intended meaning of 
the message from the speaker.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Interpreters: skills required
•Be used to doing simultaneous and consecutive 
interpretation and sight translation.
•Ability to communicate orally including appropriate 
delivery and poise.
•Having high professional standards and professional 
conduct.Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation workflow
1. Evaluation: The project is evaluated using the following 
criteria: Target Language/Audience and Subject Matter
2. Glossary Development: A glossary is created to ensure 
consistency of terminology, so that translations 
complement one another and are consistent.
3. Initial Translation: The source document is translated. 
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation workflow
4. Quality Assurance: After the completion of the initial 
translation, the translation undergoes a review by a senior 
translator or an editor. The translation is edited and 
proofread for grammatical and syntactic accuracy and 
appropriateness of style and for possible omissions. The 
editor then works with the original translator to decide 
which changes to be implemented.
5. Client Approval: The first draft of the document is sent 
to the client for approval.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Translation workflow
6. Translator Proofreading: The original translator now 
proofs the formatted text for any discrepancies caused by 
formatting, such as improper hyphenation, omissions, etc.
7. Final Delivery to Client: The translated and formatted 
document is now handed in to the client.
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Now let’s answer the questions...
•Type of translation in which a written text in the SL is 
translated orally into the TL.
•Translation of texts that belong to the world of facts (eg. 
weather forecast, reports).
•Translation in which a computer program analyses a source 
text and produces a target text without any human
intervention
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
Now let’s answer the questions...
•Difference between consecutive and simultaneous 
translations
•Why should translators and interpreters be impartial?
Tipos de Tradução – Aula 2
FUNDAMENTOS DA TRADUÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA
The end
We learned...
• Translation types
• Differences between translators
and interpreters
• Translation workflow
MODELO DE MOLDURA PARA 
IMAGEM COM ORIENTAÇÃO 
VERTICAL