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Disc.: LITERATURA INGLESA II   
Acertos: 10,0 de 10,0 29/05/2022
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Britain was never the same again after 1918 because the country had ruined its economy by waging a war substantially beyond
its resources. Moreover, total victory, ratified by a penal, dictated peace, ruined what little chances there were of restoring
something even faintly like a stable, liberal, bourgeois Europe, as the economist John Maynard Keynes immediately recognized.
If Germany was not reintegrated into the European economy, i.e. if the country¿s economic weight within that economy was not
recognized and accepted there could be no stability. But this was the last consideration in the minds of those who had fought
to eliminate Germany. (HOSBAWM, 1995, p. 30-31)
Source: HOBSBAWM, Eric. Age of Extremes: the short XX century. Great Britain: Abacus, 1995.
 
According to the text above, the interwar period was ...
... a moment deeply invested in its future possibilities, given that the war had come to a halt after a settlement was
agreed upon and every country affected by the war could start to recover.
... a politically stable period, given that the economic powers established by the victory in World War I aided and
provided healthcare to the defeated countries.
 ... a moment deeply immersed in political and economic tensions, given that since the First World War ended there
was a general need for recovery in Europe.
... a politically unstable period, through which the victorious countries never withdrew their forces from the battlefield,
continuously insisting to threat the defeated countries with another war.
... a political stable moment, especially amongst the European countries which participated in the war, since everyone
helped each other to maintain a regular economic growth.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:06:04
Explicação:
FEEDBACK: Any alternative claiming that the World War I gave way to a stable economic and political period in Europe is wrong,
since the settlement which determined the victors and the defeated in the war never fully satisfied the greedy powers of Great
Britain, France (and the United States). Their wish was for "total victory", which meant the full subjugation of the enemy to their
political will and power - this created a feeling of "enforced peace", leading, finally, to a problematic European recovery in the
years after World War I.
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Tradition is a matter of much wider significance. It cannot be inherited, and if you want it you must obtain it by great labour. It
involves, in the first place, the historical sense, which we may call nearly indispensable to anyone who would continue to be a
poet beyond his twenty-fifth year; and the historical sense involves a perception, not only of the pastness of the past, but of its
presence; the historical sense compels a man to write not merely with his own generation in his bones, but with a feeling that
the whole of the literature of Europe from Homer and within it the whole of the literature of his own country has a simultaneous
existence and composes a simultaneous order. This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as of the
temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional. And it is at the same time what
makes a writer most acutely conscious of his place in time, of his contemporaneity. (ELIOT, 1919, p. 1)
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Source: ELIOT, T. S. Tradition and Individual Talent. Accessed in: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69400/tradition-
and-the-individual-talent
 
Considering the notion of tradition theorized by T. S. Eliot, mark the correct affirmative:
Eliot understands tradition as a special moment in history, with books, authors and readers conjoined into a complex
net of ideas, creating what he calls the `historical sense¿.
Eliot understands tradition as an ideal order of books that come from our own experience with literature throughout
our life - reaching its peak at the moment when one writes their own book to add to that order.
Eliot understands tradition as the canonical establishment of writers worth reading, taking into consideration a series
of criteria such as the 'historical sense' of each work of art.
Eliot understands tradition as literary history, sharing knowledge with the academic assessment upon the historical
context in which each book was published.
 Eliot understands tradition as this simultaneous relationship that a writer has with the contemporary presence of past
literature, as informed by a 'historical sense', as well as the full awareness of one¿s place in time.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:06:37
Explicação:
FEEDBACK: T. S. Eliot, one of the greatest poets of the twentieth century, develops in this essay about tradition and modernism
his notion that to participate in the 'historical sense' of literature one must enter this ideal order - or canon if you prefer to call it
- and change it because of its relationship to the presence of the past in one¿s contemporary moment of writing and the manner
in which this presence informs the writer of his or her place in time.
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  Mrs. Dalloway was first published in 1925. Even though its plot is apparently simple, the story revolves around a single
day in Clarissa Dalloway's life;   in this novel, Woolf's literary style and voice reach maturity. In Mrs. Dalloway, the
representation of characters is defined by:
their inability to understand the passing of time.
their relation to the writer¿s autobiographical intentions.
the consequences of their actions and how they affect the story.
 the way in which their subjective experience helps shape reality.
a focus on mental illness and psychological problems.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:17:58
Explicação:
The characters in Mrs. Dalloway perceive and shape reality in accordance with the inner thoughts and feelings, emphasizing a
rich psychological construction that makes the story follow the rhythm of the mind, not of actions. The novel does not deal
explicitly with mental illness nor with autobiographical elements. Also, the actions of the characters are less important than what
they think or feel. Therefore, the only correct answer is: "the way in which their subjective experience helps shape reality".
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To the Lighthouse is a highly subjective and extremely poetic novel. In relation to the poetic language employed by Woolf in To
the Lighthouse, it is correct to say that:
it is an attempt to be more artistically respectable.
it is a strategy to make the text seem darker and mysterious.
it is an experiment to bring literature and philosophy closer together.
 it is a testament to the difficulty of a totally objective description.
it is a way to narrate World War I with more realism.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:27:30
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Explicação:
By using highly figurative language, Woolf attests to the way in which it is very hard to represent the world in an entirely objective
way. Therefore, her poetic style marks the importance of subjectivity in literature. The author was not aiming at making the text
more respectable, darker, philosophical, or realistic. Her poetic language, this, away, is a testament to the difficulty of a totally
objective description.
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Not all theorists perceive a clear-cut distinction between Modernity and Postmodernity. The Polish sociologist Zygmunt
Bauman, for instance, prefers the term 'liquid modernity' instead. What is 'liquid modernity', a term coined by Bauman?
 A period characterized by technologically developed, capitalist global cities.
A term that refers to modernity and its instabilities in the beginning of 20th century.
Liquid modernity refers to the first phase of industrialism.
Liquid modernity is synonymous with the term high Modernism.
A sociological approach to understand the fragmentation ofthe world.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:41:12
Explicação:
Right answer: A period characterized by technologically developed, capitalist global cities.
Feedback: Liquid modernity is characterized by highly developed global societies, marked by global capitalist economies with
their increasing privatization of services and an economic system based on information technology. Another term for this period
is late modernity. The first phase of industrialism started in the 18th century. High modernism refers to the beginning of the 20th
century, and was a reaction to a corrupted society, marked by discoveries and advances in science and technology.
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Salman Rushdie was born in India. He established his literary career, though, in England. In his novels he addresses topics such
as race, nationality, and migration. Diaspora, as well as postcolonialism, are terms often associated with Rushdie's writings.
The novels of Salman Rushdie can be interpreted as texts dealing with the diaspora because:
they disregard questions of ethnicity and national identity.
they see nationalism as the most important feature of a group.
they interpret immigration as a traumatic experience.
they represent immigrants as people who deny their original culture.
 they portray groups that feel related to more than one culture.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:48:35
Explicação:
Right answer: they portray groups that feel related to more than one culture.
Feedback: The words of Salman Rushdie deal with the diaspora because they represent people and groups who have to come to
terms with their original culture (that of the homeland) and a new cultural reality (that of Britain), feeling that they belong to both.
Therefore, since the groups are related to more than one culture, it is false to affirm that their original culture is denied as it is
also false to state that ethnicity is disregarded. Finally, nationalism, as identities are being questioned, is also under scrutiny.
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Why is the radical period of the French Revolution, in 1793-1794, under the leadership of Robespierre, known as The Reign of
Terror?
 
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Because of many executions of those considered enemies of the revolution.
Because there was extreme violence in the streets after the fall of Bastille.
Because people from less privileged classes felt threatened by the rich.
Because people were afraid of being misjudged for not supporting the revolution.
Because France did not admit any interference of other nations in its issues.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:29:06
Explicação:
The Reign of Terror was the period in which extreme violence was perpetrated by the government. All people who were
considered enemies of the revolution, based on subjective criteria, were arrested and executed. There was a massacre, and
many public executions to serve as an example for the people. Less privileged people were favored in the beginning of the
Revolution, but then, the terror implanted by the state equaled rich and poor under harsh conditions and prohibited expression
against the new system of government.         
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Which elements are valued and characterizes the Romantic sensibility and style?
Rationality, invocation of muses, and the presence of a hero.
Complex versification, figures of speech, emotions and feelings.
Sophisticated language, rationality, the presence of a hero.
 Imagination, feelings and emotions, instead of rationality.   
Reason, cultivated language, and supernatural elements.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:29:41
Explicação:
Imagination, feelings and emotions were considered superior to rationality, invocation of the muses and other epic conventions,
such as the presence of a hero and the beginning in the middle of the action (in media res). Language is simple as well as
versification.
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Patrick Brontë exemplifies the type of social mobility that was possible at that time. He rose from being a farmer¿s boy to a
clergyman. In 1820 he was offered perpetual curacy.
Bearing this information in mind, assess the statements below and the relationship between them:
I. Patrick exemplifies the type of social mobility characteristic of Victorian age.
Because
II. He was able to get on in his career and character played a great role in his life story.
I is a correct statement and II is a false statement.
I is a false statement and II does not justify I.
 I and II are correct statements and II justifies I
I and II  are correct statements but ii. does not justify I
I and II are false statements.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:56:30
Explicação:
Both statements are correct and ii. justifies i. Patrick Brontë is an example of the type of social mobility characteristic of
Victorian age. Progressing in life was dependent of being `of good character¿ rather than being born to a rich family.
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The preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray brings about lots of aphorisms that up until today arouse controversy. Read one of
these aphorisms below:
 "It is the spectator, and not life, that art really mirrors" (WILDE, 1994)
Source: WILDE. Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Project Gutenberg. October, 1994.
Choose the alternative that contains the best interpretation for such aphorism.
 Art reflects the spectator (or reader).
Art is a reflection of life.
Art mirrors anything.
Art is not a reflection of life.
Art is not meant as a mirror.
Respondido em 29/05/2022 23:57:54
Explicação:
The quotation above comes after Wilde states that there is no such thing as a moral or immoral book. Books are badly or well
written, that¿s all. Claiming that there is no such thing as an immoral book means that immorality should stem from a different
source. And that¿s why Wilde states that art does not reflect life, it reflects, on the other hand, the one looking at it. If the
spectator finds immoral themes in a beautifully written piece it is only because he is looking at his or her reflection in the work of
art. Therefore, the only correct option is: Art reflects the spectator (or reader).
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