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245PROMILITARES.COM.BR ADVERBS ADVÉRBIOS - ADVERBS Como em português, os advérbios modi� cam o sentido de um verbo, de um adjetivo, ou de um outro advérbio. Exemplos: She carried the heavy box carefully. (mudando verbo) The policeman got prudently suspicious. (mudando o adjetivo) You really dance very well. (mudando o advérbio) • Formação dos advérbios Formamos a maioria dos advérbios (principalmente de modo e de intensidade) acrescentando-se ly ao adjetivo. Exemplos: slow → slowly general → generally clear → clearly extreme → extremely heavy → heavily (o y � nal torna-se i) easy → easily comfortable → comfortably (a terminação able e ible perdem o e � nal) marketable → marketably simple → simply Note: good → well • Adjetivos e advérbios que apresentam a mesma forma: Exemplos: fast → fast – That was a fast train. That train goes fast. hard→ hard – It’s a hard homework. He has worked hard. high → high (alto) That is a high mountain. Some birds � y high. low → low (baixo) She spoke in a low voice. Can you speak low? late → late (atrasado/tarde, tardio) Don’t come at a late hour. Don’t come late. early → early (adiantado, cedo) Mary is early today. They got up very early. enough → enough (su� ciente, su� cientemente) Do you have enough money to lend me? You are smart enough to do it. • Advérbios com duas formas e signi� cados diferentes. Exemplos: near → perto – He came near. nearly → (almost) quase – He nearly died. high → alto – It is � ying high. highly → muito – She was highly admired. hard → árduo – He works hard. hardly → (barely, scarcely), quase nunca – He hardly works. wide → totalmente – Our eyes were wide open. widely → bastante – They differed widely. late → tarde – He arrived late. lately → ultimamente – I haven’t seen him lately • Tipos de advérbios: Manner – (modo) fast, carefully, easily etc. Place – (lugar) here, there, everywhere etc. Time – (tempo) yesterday, now, today etc. Frequency – (frequência) always, never, usually etc. Degree – (intensidade) very, too, quite etc. POSIÇÃO DOS ADVÉRBIOS • Adverbs of manner (advébio de modo) – são colocados geralmente no � m da oração. SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ADVERB OF MANNER She can speak English � uently Pedro works hard • Adverbs of place (advébio de lugar) – os advérbios de lugar, assim como as locuções adverbiais de lugar, são geralmente colocados no � m da oração. SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ADVERB OF PLACE She put It on the table They are at home • Adverbs of time (advérbio de tempo) – os advérbios de tempo, assim como as locuções adverbiais de tempo de� nido, podem aparecer no início ou � m da oração, o que é mais comum. ADVERB OF TIME SUBJECT VERB OBJECT ADVERB OF TIME Yesterday I He saw died him yesterday • Adverbs of frequency (advébio de frequência) – são colocados: a) antes do verbo principal; b) depois do auxiliar. 246 ADVERBS PROMILITARES.COM.BR SUBJECT AUXILIAR VERB ADVERB OF FREQUENCY MAIN VERB You never study your lessons Davi has always lived in Mexico Sue is seldom at home • Adverbs of degree (advérbios de intensidade) – geralmente aparecem diante da palavra (adjetivo, advérbio ou verbo) que estiverem modi� cando. Exemplos: She can hardly walk. → verb We are deeply sorry. → adjective She dances very well. → adverb Posições especiais dos advérbios: Quando tivermos os três tipos de advérbios – modo, lugar e tempo – numa mesma oração, eles seguirão a seguinte ordem: modo, lugar e tempo. Exemplo: Paul swam fast across the river this morning. ↓ ↓ ↓ modo lugar tempo Observação Entretanto, com verbos de movimento (go, leave, travel) a posição dos advérbios é a seguinte: lugar, modo e tempo. Exemplo: They left for Italy by plane last week. ↓ ↓ ↓ lugar modo tempo Inversão negativa: Para dar ênfase, alguns advérbios com ideias negativas podem ser usados no início da oração. Nesses casos, faz-se necessário inverter o sujeito e o verbo como se fosse uma interrogativa. Exemplos: He hardly composes music, but he plays brilliantly. Hardly does he compose music, but he also plays brilliantly. Outros advérbios que podem iniciar orações causando inversão: never, rarely, seldom, scarcely, little; e as expressões not only … but also, no sooner …than. EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO 01. (EPCAR/CPCAR 2017) MOST COMMON PREJUDICES What are some of the most common ways people discriminate against each other? Some of the areas where people show their intolerance are well-known, such as race. But others are less acknowledged, even if more common: […] Ability: Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice is discrimination against people with visible disabilities such as those in wheelchairs or with a learning disability. The disabled face discrimination not only from their peers, but from institutions, schools, employers, and landowners who are hesitant to accommodate the disabled. […] (Adapted from https://aloftyexistence.wordpress.com) In the sentence “Usually called ableism, a less well-known form of prejudice”, the underlined expression means: a) always. b) rarely. c) frequently. d) seldom. 02. (ACAFE 2017) Answer the question based on the text below. The Brazilian government has rati� ed its participation in the Paris agreement on climate change, a signi� cant step by Latin America’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases that could spur other countries to follow suit. With a landmass larger than the continental US, Brazil emits about 2.5% of the world’s carbon dioxide and other polluting gases, according to United Nations data. “Our government is concerned about the future,” said President Michel Temer during a signing ceremony in Brasilia. “Everything we do today is not aimed at tomorrow, but rather at a future that preserves the living conditions of Brazilians.” Temer said Brazil’s rati� cation would be presented formally to the UN later this month. The Paris agreement will enter into force once 55 countries representing at least 55% of global emissions have formally joined it. Climate experts say that could happen later this year. Countries set their own targets for reducing emissions. The targets are not legally binding, but nations must update them every � ve years. Using 2005 levels as the baseline, Brazil committed to cutting emissions 37% by 2025 and an “intended reduction” of 43% by 2030. In the last decade, Brazil has achieved signi� cant emissions cuts thanks to efforts to reduce deforestation in the Amazon and increase in the use of energy from hydropower and other renewable sources including wind, solar and biomass. The Paris accord got a boost earlier this month when the US president, Barack Obama, and China’s President, Xi Jinping, sealed their nations’ participation. “Brazil is now the next major country to move forward. It will add even greater momentum,” said David Waskow, director of the International Climate Initiative at the Washington, DC-based think tank the World Resources Institute. (Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/13/ brazil-rati� es-paris-agreement-with-pledge-to-sharplyreduce-emissions.) From the words in bold below, which is not an adjective in the text: a) Renewable sources (7th paragraph) b) Polluting gases (2nd paragraph) c) Signi� cant emissions (7th paragraph) d) Legally binding (6th paragraph) 03. (EEAR 2016) In the sentence “Maria learns fast”, the word “fast”, in bold type, is: a) a noun. b) an article. c) an adverb. d) an adjective. 247 ADVERBS PROMILITARES.COM.BR 04. (EEAR 2019) Read the text and answer the question. It was a beautiful summer afternoon with the sun shining brightly. I excitedly phoned my friends asking them to come over later for a barbecue. After making the calls I quickly drove into town to buy some food and drink. __________ I arrived at the shops I was very surprisedat __________ busy it was. Everyone must have been shopping for a barbecue! The � rst butchers I visited had completely run out of sausages. The next shop had some left so I happily bought some. After visiting a few more shops I had � nally � nished my shopping. But I was starting to worry as it was 6 p.m. and I had invited my friends to visit at 6:30 p.m. I hastly rushed to the car park with all of my shopping and threw it in the boot. Suddenly I notice that the cars were moving really slowly out of the car park and there was a bit of traf� c jam. It was past 6:30 p.m. __________ I arrived home and I was extremely worried. As a drove into my drive I smiled happily when I saw my friends sitting in my front garden. Luckily they had realized I was stuck at the shops and they waited for me. (Fonte: www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise) The four words in bold, in the text, are: a) nouns. b) adverbs. c) pronouns. d) adjectives. 05. (IME 2018) Leia. A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER [...] I de� nitely don’t have a “typical day”. I sometimes have a plan, but _________ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. (RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/women-in- leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer>. Acesso em: 22/06/2017.) Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna do texto. a) rarely b) endlessly c) daintily d) primarily e) chie� y 06. (UEMG 2013) In the line, “we talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often”, what kind of adverb is seldom? a) manner b) frequency c) degree d) place TEXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 07 e 08: THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON EPIDEMIC RISK […] It is important to take note of the impact of climate change on epidemic risk, but it is equally important to prepare for its impact on global health. 1The global health community has largely come to realize that public health preparedness is crucial to responding ef� ciently to infectious disease outbreaks. For this reason, our work is, then, centered around helping governments manage and quantify infectious disease risk. Besides, regardless of weather patterns, insights into epidemics and into mechanisms for ensuring adequate support are critical for managing this risk. Since the public health community agrees that 2the question is not if another outbreak will happen, but when, the steps we take in the coming years to prepare for and reduce the increasing frequency of outbreaks will determine the broader implications these diseases have on our world. (contagionlive.com) 07. (UERJ 2019) “The global health community has largely come to realize that public health preparedness is crucial”. (ref. 1) Another word from the text that may replace the underlined one above without signi� cant change in meaning is: a) widely b) effectively c) particularly d) similarly 08. (UERJ 2019) “the question is not if another outbreak will happen, but when” (ref. 2) The underlined words present the health community’s opinion concerning new outbreaks of epidemics. According to their opinion, future outbreaks are seen as: a) unlikely. b) certain. c) probable. d) impossible. 09. (EPCAR/CPCAR 2018) Read the text below and answer the question(s) according to it. SOME OF THE INTERNET'S CRAZIEST CONSPIRACY THEORIES […] THE EARTH IS HOLLOW Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through this list. We can make it to the end. Dig deep. Well, not 1too deep. You see, the Earth is hollow and accessible via portals at the north and south poles. Luckily though, it's quite habitable down there, providing excellent living quarters for the lost Viking colonies of Greenland and the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just visitors from the subterranean areas. […] (Adapted from http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/20-of-the-internets- craziestconspiracy-theories/. Acesso em: 14 de fev 2017.) Mark the alternative that CANNOT replace the word “too” (ref. 12) in the text. a) extremely b) also c) very d) so 10. (UNESP 2018) Examine a tira para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir. No trecho do terceiro quadrinho “We’re not that dumb!”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por: a) so. b) which. c) over. d) more. e) quite. 248 ADVERBS PROMILITARES.COM.BR EXERCÍCIOS DE TREINAMENTO 01. (MACKENZIE 2012) GO EASY ON YOURSELF By Stuart Bradford Do you treat yourself as well as you treat your friends and family? That simple question is the basis for a new area of psychological research called self-compassion — how _____(I)_____ people view themselves. People who � nd it _____(II)_____ to be supportive and understanding to others often score _____(III)_____ low on self- compassion tests. They get _____(IV)_____ with themselves for perceived failures like being overweight or not exercising. ANXIOUS The research suggests that accepting our imperfections may be the � rst step toward better health. People who score high on tests of self- compassion have less depression and anxiety, and tend to be happier and more optimistic. Preliminary data suggest that self-compassion can even in� uence how much we eat and may help some people lose weight. This idea does to contrast with the advice of many doctors and self-help books, which suggest that willpower and self-discipline are the keys to better health. But Kristin Neff, a pioneer in the � eld, says self-compassion is not to be confused with self-indulgence or lower standards. “I found in my research that the biggest reason people aren’t more self-compassionate is that they are afraid they’ll become self-indulgent,” said Dr. Neff, an associate professor of human development at the University of Texas at Austin. “They believe self- criticism is what keeps them in line. Most people have gotten it wrong because our culture says being hard on yourself is the way to be.” (www.nytimes.com) The words that properly � ll in the blanks I, II, III and IV in the text are: a) kind, easily, surprising and anger. b) kind, easily, surprise and angrily. c) kindly, easy, surprisingly and angry. d) kindly, easily, surprisingly and angrily. e) kind, ease, surprising and anger. 02. (CN 2017) Read the sentences below. I. I work hardly every day. II. My classmates speak French very well. III. Ana drives incredibly fast. IV. Our father is a very carefully driver. Choose the option according to the correct use of the adverbs and modi� ers. a) Only the sentences I, III and IV are correct. b) Only the sentences I and III are correct. c) Only the sentences II and III are correct. d) Only the sentences II, III and IV are correct. e) Only the sentences III and IV are correct. 03. (UFRGS 2016) O segmento “deeply felt issues” tem a mesma estrutura de: a) “Well distributed indeed”. b) “Costly building solutions”. c) “Hard working rules”. d) “Often discussed themes”. e) “Elderly experienced people”. 04. (PUC-MG 2015) Read the following passage and choose the option which best completes the question, according to the text: BUBBLEWS PAYS USERS TO USE SOCIAL NETWORK Social media startup Bubblews wants to revolutionize social networking by paying users to share their content. “It’s a new perspective on the social networking model,” said Arvind Dixit, the 26 year-old Bubblews CEO (Chief Executive Of� cer). “One of our fundamental beliefs is that when someone is providing a service to you, you should compensate them.” Bubblews is sharing a portion of its ad revenue with users, paying a penny for a like, view, or comment on its site. Payments are made to a ‘Bubblews bank’ and, after reaching $50, can be cashed out. At least one analyst thinksthat the Bubblews model could shake things up in a social networking world dominated by titans like Facebook and Twitter. "The idea that social media users will continue to contribute to networks for free has a � xed limit, because most people have bills to pay and should, over time, favor sites that share pro� ts with them over those that do not,” wrote Rob Enderle, principal analyst at tech research � rm Enderle Group. Bubblews is encouraging people to share their passions in a minimum of 400 characters, supplemented by photos. 1Although in the last stage of testing up until now, the site has over 20 million visitors a month from more than 240 countries. Each post on Bubblews is known as a ‘bubble’, and the site uses a plus sign (+) instead of hashtags. Jason Zuccari, Bubblews president told FoxNews.com that the site has already had a positive � nancial impact on members of its user community. “People aren’t going to be able to quit their job, but it’s good to add things to their life that they never had before,” he said, using the example of a woman in the Philippines who was able to buy a refrigerator. (http://www.foxnews.com. Acesso: 16/07/2014. Adaptado.) The words up until now in “Although in the last stage of testing up until now” (ref. 1) convey an idea of: a) place. b) time. c) � nality. d) conclusion. 05. (ITA 2014) A HISTORY OF PI The history of Pi, says the author, though a small part of the history of mathematics, is nevertheless a mirror of the history of man. Petr Beckmann holds up this mirror, giving the background of the times when Pi made progress — and also when it did not, because3science was being sti� ed by militarism or religious fanaticism. The mathematical level of this book is � exible, and there is plenty for readers of all ages and interests. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Petr Beckmann was born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in 1924. Until 1963, he worked as a research scientist for the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, when he was invited as a Visiting Professor to the University of Colorado, where he decided to stay permanently as professor of electrical engineering. Dr. Beckmann has authored 11 books and more than 50 scienti� c papers, 1mostly on probability theory and electromagnetic wave propagation. History is one of his side interests; another is 249 ADVERBS PROMILITARES.COM.BR linguistics (he is � uent in � ve languages and he has worked out a new generative grammar which enables a computer to construct trillions of grammatical sentences from a dictionary of less than 100 unprocessed words). He also publishes a monthly pro-science, pro-technology, pro- free enterprise newsletter Access to Energy, in which he promotes the viewpoint that clean energy can be made plentiful, but that access to it is blocked by government interference and environmental paranoia. (BECKMANN, Petr. A History of Pi. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1983.) Indique o item lexical que pode substituir o sublinhado no trecho “... mostly on probability theory and electromagnetic wave propagation.” (ref. 1), sem prejudicar o seu sentido. a) absolutely b) chie� y c) inherently d) randomly e) utterly 06. (MACKENZIE 2013) Read the following text. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW A SECRET? John Lennon & Paul McCartney Recorded 11 February 1963 Given away simultaneously to fellow Brian Epstein protégé Billy J.Kramer (for a hit single), and to George Harrinson (for this LP), “Do You Want To Know A Secret?” was a Lennon composition – inspired by a line he remembered from a Disney song that his mother used to sing. “I thought it would be a good vehicle for George because it only had three notes and he wasn’t the best singer in the world,” Lennon explained ______ in later years. The word that properly � lls in blank in the text is: a) charitable. b) chariting. c) charitingly. d) charitably. e) charitily. 07. (ITA 2012) 2045: THE YEAR MAN BECOMES IMMORTAL By Lev Grossman (…) If you can swallow that idea, and Kurzweil and a lot of other very smart people can, then all bets are off. 1From that point on, there’s no reason to think computers would stop getting more powerful. 2They would keep on developing until they were far more intelligent than we are. Their rate of development would also continue to increase, because they would take over their own development from their slower-thinking human creators. Imagine a computer scientist that was itself a super-intelligent computer. It would work incredibility quickly. It could draw on huge amounts of data effortlessly. It wouldn’t even take breaks to play Farmville. (…) (http://www.time.com/printout/0,8816,2048138,00.html. Acesso em 07/04/2011. Adaptado. ) Na sentença “They would keep on developing until they were far more intelligent than we are” (ref. 2), o vocábulo grifado poderia ser substituído por: a) far away. b) incredible. c) much. d) distant. e) many. 08. (UFRGS 2012) FACEBOOK IS THE WORLD’S LARGEST SOCIAL NETWORK, WITH 800 MILLION USERS WORLDWIDE AS OF SEPTEMBER 2011. […] At the Facebook 1developer 2conference in September, 3the company announced the release of a 4product called Timeline, 5which offers a 6highly visual view of a user’s Facebook pro� le and organizes content into photos, events and apps, all based on a 7timeline view that stretches back to the beginning of a user’s time on Facebook. Timeline is designed to work on 8mobile devices, too. (Adaptado de: WYLD, Adrian. Facebook. Disponível em: <http://topics.nytimes.com>. Acesso em 01 dez. 2011.) A melhor tradução para a palavra highly (ref. 6), como empregada no texto, é: a) altamente. b) favoravelmente. c) especial. d) levemente. e) completa. 09. (UNESP 2013) BRAZIL WANTS TO COUNT TREES IN THE AMAZON RAINFOREST By Channtal Fleischfresser February 11, 2013 Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the world’s tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain “a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover”, according to Brazil’s Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel. […] (www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – “Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon” –, a palavra roughly equivale, em português, a: a) evidentemente. b) exatamente. c) aquém. d) além de. e) cerca de. 10. (EN 2017) Mark the correct option. a) When times are tough, your friends will motivate you hardly. b) Enjoy the process of doing what you love and get excitedly. c) Your parents will have a lot of reasons to be proudly of you. d) Working in a job you hate makes the days go slowly. e) Life without dreams can become very depressingly. EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 01. (UFV 2003) THE MOZART EFFECT Mozart makes you smarter! Researchers at the University of California at Irvine discovered that people who listened to ten minutes of Mozart before taking an intelligence test scored higher than people 250 ADVERBS PROMILITARES.COM.BR who listened to ten minutes of relaxation instructions or who, for ten minutes, sat in silence. Scientists speculate that some kinds of music stimulate neural pathways in the brain. For a period of up to � fteen minutes after listening, the group that heard Mozart improved signi� cantly in abstract and spatial reasoning. The one downer - that improvement is 1temporary - may be because listening is a passive activity. No one knows if listening longer results in staying smarter longer. Although some studies suggest that children as young as two can bene� t intellectually from music, you can be any age to take advantage of the Mozart Effect. You don't have to be a musician. You can pro� t from it regardless of your level of formal education. It doesn't matter what kind of job you do, nor if you've never listened to a note of Mozart in your life. You don't even have to like music!The Mozart Effect works automatically. As a man, Mozart was playful, mercurial, ebullient: a quick thinker. The rapidity with which he processed information and went from one level of understanding to the next is echoed in the meticulous organization of his 2frequently complicated but 3always clear music. Mozart's usic induces widely varied emotional responses in us, but it 4never allows us to wallow: it changes too 5fast. Mozart had a notable career as a child virtuoso. His father, Leopold, had him playing piano at four, composing by � ve. Mozart's neural pathways, widened at an early age and stimulated constantly (Mozart composed more than six hundred works before he died at thirty-� ve), facilitated his � uent expression of musical thought. What is it in Mozart that heightens our perceptivity? Perhaps it has something to do with being able to pay attention. (Source: Adapted from Mozart for Your Mind: Boost Your Brain Power with Wolfgang Amadeus, Philips Classics Productions, CD 11.649.77.412, 1995.) All the following words are used as adverbs in the text, EXCEPT: a) temporary (ref. 1). b) frequently (ref. 2). c) always (ref. 3). d) never (ref. 4). e) fast (ref. 5). 02. (PUC-RS) “The actors who had performed ______ received a standing ovation and a big round of applause when the play ended”. a) immensely b) extraordinarily c) profoundly d) fairly e) practically 03. (EFOMM) Which sentence is correct? a) He is guilty possibly of the crime. b) He is guilty of the crime possibly. c) He is possibly guilty of the crime. d) Possibly is he guilty of the crime. e) He is guilty of possibly the crime. 04. (AFA) “Laila fared ______ in her test and was afraid to face her mother”. a) well b) badly c) lowly d) simply 05. (EFOMM) “They ran very _______ in the race but at the end they could ______ breathe”. a) fast - harder b) fast - hardly c) fast - hard d) faster - hardly e) fastly - hard 06. (MACKANZE) The same as “Mr. Burton hardly talked to me.” is: a) Hardly did Mr. Burton talked to me. b) Hardly Mr. Burton talked to me. c) Hardly did Mr. Burton talk to me. d) Did Mr. Burton hardly talk to me. e) Mr. Burton talked to me hardly. 07. (ITA) Dadas as sentenças: I. He hard works every day. II. He spoke hardly this morning at the debate. III. Don’t drive so fast! Constamos que está(ão) correta(s): a) apenas a I. b) apenas a II. c) apenas a III. d) apenas a I e a II. e) todas as sentenças. 08. (ITA) Dadas as a� rmações de que a forma adverbial de: adjetivo advérbio: I. fast (rápido) é fastly (rapidamente) II. late (atrasado) é lately (atrasado) III. low (baixo) é low (baixo) Constamos que está(ão) correta(s). a) apenas a a� rmação I. b) apenas a a� rmação II. c) apenas a a� rmação III. d) apenas as a� rmações II e III. e) todas as a� rmações. 09. (ITA) Dadas as sentenças: I. They go often to Rio de Janeiro. II. We have not yet bad news from him. III. She seldom is at home. Constamos que está(ão) correta(s): a) apenas a I. b) apenas a II. c) apenas a III. d) apenas a II e a III. e) todas as sentenças. 10. (STA. CECÍLIA-SP) Assinale a alternativa em que os advérbios estão na ordem correta: a) She sang in the town hall perfectly last night. b) She sang perfectly in the town hall last night. c) She sang in the town hall last night perfectly. d) Last night she sang in the town hall perfectly. e) She perfectly sang last night in the town hall. GABARITO EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO 01. C 02. D 03. C 04. B 05. A 06. B 07. A 08. B 09. B 10. A EXERCÍCIOS DE TREINAMENTO 01. C 02. C 03. D 04. B 05. B 06. D 07. C 08. A 09. E 10. D EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 01. A 02. B 03. C 04. B 05. B 06. C 07. C 08. D 09. C 10. B