Aula_07__Linking_Words_(Conectives)_and_Question_Words_(WH_Questions)_-_ESA_2024

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ESA 2024 
LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND 
QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Teacher Andrea Belo 
www.estrategiamilitares.com.br www.militares.estrategia.com 
AULA 07 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
SUMÁRIO 
INTRODUÇÃO 3 
LINKING WORDS 4 
CONJUNCTIONS 12 
QUESTION WORDS/WH QUESTIONS 18 
QUESTÕES 25 
GABARITO 59 
QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 60 
CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 118 
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 119 
TRADUÇÕES 121 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
INTRODUÇÃO 
 Desta vez, vamos à nossa aula sobre os tópicos que proporcionam ligação de ideias: 
linking words ou connectors (termos de ligação/conectivos) e palavras especiais que levam à 
possibilidade de fazer perguntas: questions words, que também são chamados de Wh questions. 
Sobre linking words, é muito importante lembrar que, na aula 05, quando foram explicadas 
as conjunções inseridas nas compound sentences, foram apresentadas a você inúmeras 
conjunções com a função de linking words. 
Em se tratando dos question words, muitos textos das provas de vestibular trazem 
questionamentos sobre temas polêmicos, descobertas, assuntos para reflexão, entre outros, 
utilizando esses termos nos textos propriamente ditos e, são essenciais à compreensão do que se 
pergunta – se refere a um lugar, ao tempo, a uma pessoa, ao motivo ou a qualquer tipo de 
informação que se pergunta. 
Vamos estudar cada um deles e a situação em que são inseridos nas leituras que você vai 
fazer e precisa conhecê-los. 
Os tópicos que vamos estudar hoje são palavras necessárias para o vocabulário de quem 
busca acertar o máximo possível de questões do vestibular. 
Elas têm a função de unir, explicar, contrastar ou exemplificar frases e, são muito 
importantes porque, com o uso de variados termos como os que estudaremos, as ideias são 
expressas com mais exatidão nos textos, do jeito que o vestibular exige de você. 
Como eu sempre digo, o seu objetivo é ser aprovado e para conseguir a sua aprovação, os 
estudos e aprimoramento de conteúdo e assuntos se faz necessário e válido, sempre. 
Vamos então estudar, praticar exercícios, tanto durante a teoria como também no fim do 
material, treinando tudo o que aprendeu, em junção ao aprendizado de cada aula. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
LINKING WORDS 
Os conectivos – linking words – são aquelas palavras ou expressões que servem para 
estabelecer uma conexão lógica entre frases e elementos de um texto. 
Muitas delas são conjunções ou locuções conjuntivas, mas há também muitos advérbios, 
preposições, entre outros, que estão presentes nos textos no dia do vestibular. Veja um exemplo 
com “according to”: 
 
 
Esses termos podem ser identificados por diversos nomes: linking words, words of 
transition, connectives, words of connection, logical connectors, transition devices, cohesive 
devices, discourse markers ou até connective adjuncts. 
São também conhecidos como articuladores, já que ligam ideias dentro de textos e, no 
vestibular, conectam aquilo que as questões exigem que você descubra, através das análises que 
sempre fazemos nas aulas e o conhecimento necessário que você precisa e estou proporcionando 
mais para o seu sucesso. 
 O papel dos famosos linking words é estabelecer relações entre contextos – uma ideia 
anterior e uma ideia posterior. Essas relações podem ser de muitos tipos, tais como exclusão, 
concessão, adição, condição etc. O uso delas confere ao texto coerência e coesão. 
É um assunto muito importante pois, uma vez que linking words são fundamentais para a 
construção de sentenças, é, consequentemente, essencial na produção dos textos de jornais e 
revistas, que são usados nas provas de vestibular, já que são termos que colaboram diretamente 
com uma boa comunicação. 
Lembrando que as linking words não sofre flexão de grau (aumentativo ou diminutivo), 
número (singular ou plural) ou gênero (feminino ou masculino). Ou seja, são palavras invariáveis. 
Linking words são fundamentais na língua inglesa, porque são como peças-chave na hora 
da leitura dos textos para colaborar com o raciocínio da mensagem que as frases querem 
proporcionar. 
Para identificar os linking words nos textos que você vai ler, você precisa ter muito claro 
qual é a ideia que o narrador quer expressar. 
Como eu disse antes, a maioria desses termos ligam duas ideias numa sequência, como 
também pode ligar duas ideias diferentes ou tentar dizer que uma coisa depende de outra. 
Vejamos alguns exemplos com o que desejam expressar dentro do texto. Contudo, é 
preciso entender que a lista de linking words é extensa e você deve, aula após aula, adicionar as 
que aparecerem em uma lista de estudos e assim, aprender cada dia mais. 
 
 
“I am not sure but, according to Peter, everybody is going to the party”. 
“Não tenho certeza mas, de acordo com Peter, todos vão para a festa” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO 
Para exemplificar, uma expressão muito comum é o tão usado “for example” (por 
exemplo), que também pode ser substituído por “for instance” e aparece em muitos textos do 
vestibular. 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
Para exemplificar e dar ênfase em palavras, em ideias, também são usados outros linking 
words, vistos no quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor no contexto das 
provas típicas de vestibular: 
EXAMPLES / SUPPORT / EMPHASIS 
in other words important to realize notably markedly in fact such as 
to put it differently another key point including especially in general for example 
for one thing first thing to remember like specifically in particular for instance 
as an illustration most compelling evidence to be sure expressively in detail to point out 
in this case must be remebered namely surprisingly to demonstrate with this in mind 
for this reason point often overlooked chiefly frequently to emphasize 
to put it another way on the negative side truly significantly to repeat 
that is to say on the positive side indeed to clarify 
with attention to certainly to explain 
by all means surely to enumerate 
 
Para ilustrar os linking words de exemplificação, vejamos um texto retirado de uma prova, 
em que aparece “for instance”. 
Se a questão abordasse os exemplos decorrentes do parágrafo em que a expressão em 
questão aparece, poderia ser assim: 
There are many topics to study, for example, countable and uncountable nouns. 
Há muitos tópicos para estudar, por exemplo, substantivos contáveis e incontáveis, que já estudamos. 
 
 
 
There are many topics to study, for instance, countable and uncountable nouns. 
Há muitos tópicos para estudar, por exemplo, substantivos contáveis e incontáveis, que já estudamos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Two in every three people on the planet–some 4 billion in total–are “excluded from the rule 
of law.” In many cases, this begins with the lack of official recognition of their birth: around 40% 
of the developing world’s five-year- old children are not registered as even existing. 
Later, people will find that the home they live in, the land they farm, or the business that 
they start, is not protected by legally enforceable property rights. Even in the rare cases when they 
can afford to go to court, the service is poor. India, for example, has only 11 judges for every 
1million people. 
These alarming statistics are contained in a report from a commission on the legal 
empowerment of the poor, released on June3rd at the United Nations. It argues that not only are 
such statistics evidence of grave injustice, they also reflect one of the main reasons why so much 
of humanity remains mired in poverty. Because they are outside the rule of law, the vast majority 
of poor people are obliged to work (if they work at all) in the informal economy, which is less 
productive than the formal, legal part of the economy. 
The Economist, June 7th 2008. 
 
Questão – According to the sentence “... India, for example, has only 11 judges for every 1 million 
people”, the underlined term refers to 
(A) judges 
(B) India 
(C) 1 million people 
(D) India population 
(E) Every 1 million people 
A resposta seria a letra A porque é a única que demonstra o exemplo exatos do que se trata a 
referência de “for example” (por exemplo), logo após falar da India e, afirmar que há apenas 11 
juízes para cada 1 milhão de pessoas. 
Agora vejamos linking words de contraste a seguir. 
 
CONTRASTE 
Para contrastar, o linking word comum é o “but” (mas), que também pode ser substituído 
por “however” e aparece em muitos textos do vestibular, inclusive, perguntando se pode haver a 
devida substituição. 
 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
She loves going to the beach but never on Saturdays, it’s crowded. 
Ela ama ir à praia, mas nunca aos sábados, é muito cheio. 
 
 
 
She loves going to the beach however she never goes on Saturdays, it’s crowded. 
Ela ama ir à praia mas ela nunca vai aos sábados, é muito cheio. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Podemos usar, também para contrastar, “despite” e “in spite of”, que são seguidas por 
substantivos ou gerúndios. 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
Para exemplificar, com ideia de contraste, também muito usadas, vejamos o quadro: 
OPPOSITION / LIMITATION / CONTRADICTION 
although this may be true in reality although 
in contrast after all instead 
different from but whereas 
of course ..., but (abd) still despite 
on the other hand unlike conversely 
on the contrary or otherwise 
at the same time (and) yet however 
in spite of while rather 
even so / though albeit nevertheless 
be that as it may besides nonetheless 
then again as much as regardeless 
above all even though notwithstanding 
 
Para construções seguidas por sujeito e um verbo, precisa-se adicionar “the fact that”: 
 
Ou 
 
 
Agora vejamos linking words com a função de resumir a seguir. 
 
 
Despite losing the match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
In spite of the lost match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar da perda do jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
 
 
Despite the fact that they lost the match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar do fato de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
 
 
In spite of the fact that they lost the match, the players celebrated their efforts. 
Apesar do fato de perder o jogo, os jogadores comemoraram o esforço. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
RESUMO 
Para resumir, há linking words comuns, tais como é o “in conclusion, in summary” (em 
síntese/ em conclusão a, em suma), que são expressões geralmente usadas no começo das frases, 
indicando que vamos resumir a ideia principal do que acabou de ser apresentada. 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
ADIÇÃO 
Para adicionar, os linking words comuns são “and” e “also” e, outras expressões 
geralmente usadas para adicionar ideias de maneira mais formal seriam “furthermore” e 
“moreover”, usadas bastante em textos de vestibular. 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
Para exemplificar, desta vez com ideia de adição, também muito usadas nas provas de vestibular, 
vejamos o quadro abaixo e um exercício para treinar e visualizar melhor como nas provas: 
AGREEMENT / ADDITION / SIMILARITY 
in the first place by the same token too 
not only ... But also again moreover 
as a matter of fact to say nothing of as well as 
in like manner and together with 
in addition also of course 
coupled with then likewise 
in the same fashion / way equally comparatively 
first, second, third identically correspondingly 
in the light of uniquely similary 
not to mention like furthermore 
to say nothing of as a matter of fact additionally 
equally important 
In conclusion, the meeting was very productive, and the ideas were well presented. 
Em síntese, a reunião foi produtiva e as ideias foram bem apresentadas. 
 
 
 
In summary, the meeting was very productive, and the ideas were well presented. 
Em síntese, a reunião foi produtiva e as ideias foram bem apresentadas. 
 
 
The meeting was very productive. Moreover lots of ideas were presented. 
A reunião foi muito produtiva. Além disso, muitas ideias foram apresentadas. 
 
 
 
The meeting was very productive and lots of ideas were presented. 
A reunião foi muito produtiva e muitas ideias foram apresentadas. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Para ilustrar mais uma vez os linking words de adição, vejamos um texto retirado do jornal 
The Guardian, fonte de várias provas, em que aparece “and” muitas vezes no texto. E a questão 
poderia ser assim: 
Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life is Adam Phillips's 17th book and is a characteristic blend 
of literary criticism and philosophical reflection packaged around a central idea. The theme here 
is missed opportunities, roads not taken, alternative versions of our lives and ourselves, all of 
which, Phillips argues, exert a powerful hold over our imaginations. Using a series of examples and 
close readings of authors including Philip Larkin and Shakespeare, the book suggests that a 
broader understanding of life's inevitable disappointments and thwarted desires can enable us to 
live fuller, richer lives. Good things come to those who wait. 
Does he see himself as a champion of frustration? "I'm not on the side of frustration exactly, so 
much as the idea that one has to be able to bear frustration in order for satisfaction to be realistic. 
I'm interested in how the culture of consumer capitalism depends on the idea that we cant bear 
frustration, so that every time we feel a bit restless or bored or irritable, we eat, or we shop.” 
The Guardian guardian.co.uk, 1 June 2012. Adaptado. 
 
Questão – Percebe-se a ideia de adição no primeiro parágrafo, em 
(A) book, literary criticism, philosophical reflection. 
(B) literary criticism, philosophical reflection, imaginations. 
(C) book, literary criticism, alternative versions. 
(D) book, literary criticism, central idea. 
(E) literary criticism, philosophical reflection. 
Comentários: A resposta seria a letra E porque a adição, representada desta vez pelo linking word 
and, inúmeras vezes, mostra ideias de algo sendo adicionada a cada vez que aparece no texto, 
conforme vimos exemplos acima. Perceba que, a única opção em que a ordem das palavras está 
de acordo com o que é adicionado, ou seja, logo após book e o linking word “and”, é a letra B de 
fato: “book... and ... a characteristic blend of literary criticismand philosophical reflection...” 
Agora vejamos linking words com a função de dar a ideia de sequência a seguir. 
 
SEQUÊNCIA 
Para oferecer a ideia de sequência, há linking words fundamentais, tais como é o “first, 
second, after, then, so”, entre outros, que são expressões geralmente usadas no começo das 
frases, indicando que vamos resumir a ideia principal do que acabou de ser apresentada. 
 
 
First, he decided to study. Then, he bought a good material and then dedicated a lot. 
Primeiro, ele decidiu estudar. Daí, ele comprou um bom material e então dedicou-se muito. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHERANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Veja uma imagem com a sequência lógica muito usada nos textos, de uma forma geral e 
que, uma vez conhecendo-os, você conseguirá identificar ideias questionadas no dia da sua prova. 
 
 
Em narrativas, os linking words organizam a história numa sequência de eventos, 
facilitando para você na compreensão do texto durante sua leitura e busca de respostas às 
perguntas apresentadas na prova de vestibular. 
Os linking words funcionam como conectivos em todas as frases. Assim, elas 
desempenham o papel de conectar ideias unindo termos ou mesmo orações. Mas, quando 
oferecem a sequência, melhor ainda para localizar você no assunto e as partes dele enquanto está 
sendo apresentado. 
Por esse motivo, são elementos essenciais tanto na comunicação quanto na escrita, visto 
que eles colaboram com a coesão e coerência textuais. 
Há ainda, linking words que explicam a razão, a condição, a causa de algo, como podemos 
ver no quadro abaixo e outros exemplos de outros linking words adiante: 
 
Ou então, poderíamos dizer: 
 
 
 
 
Due to the heavy rain the flight was cancelled. 
Devido/em decorrência da chuva forte, o vôo foi cancelado. 
 
 
Because of the heavy rain the flight was cancelled. 
Por causa/em decorrência da chuva forte, o vôo foi cancelado. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
CAUSES / CONDITION / PURPOSE 
in the event that if when because of in case in as much as 
granted (that) then whenever as provided that 
as / so long as unless since since given that 
on (the) condition (that) while while only / even if 
for the purpose of lest so that 
with this intention so as to 
with this in mind owing to 
in the hope that due to 
for fear that 
in order to 
seeing / being that 
in view of 
 
CONCLUSION / SUMMARY / RESTATEMENT 
as can be seen after all overall 
generally speaking in fact ordinarily 
in the final analysis in summary usually 
all things considered in conclusion by and large 
as shown above in short to sum up 
in the long run in brief on the whole 
given these points in essence in any event 
as has been noted to summarize in either case 
in a word on balance all in all 
for the most part altogether 
 
TIME / CHRONOLOGY / SEQUENCE 
at the present time immediately when formerly by the time instantuly 
from time to time quickly onde suddenly whenever presently 
sooner or later finally about shortly occasionally 
at the same time after next hencefoth 
up to the present time later now whenever 
to begin with last now that eventually 
in due time until meanwhile 
until now till further 
as soon as since during 
as long as then first, second 
in the meantime before in time 
in a moment hence prior to 
without delay forthwith 
in the first place straightaway 
all of a sudden 
as this instant 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
CONJUNCTIONS 
Vimos, na aula anterior, uma introdução às conjunções, pois, na maioria delas, o papel 
desempenhado é de conectar frases. 
As conjunções, chamadas também de linking words, connectors ou conectivos são palavras 
que ligam duas partes de uma oração, para que a sentença possa fazer sentido. Observe: 
✓ I wanted to text you. (Eu queria te mandar uma mensagem.) 
✓ I don’t have your number. (Eu não tenho o número do seu celular.) 
Elas têm uma relação, mas falta algo para unir essas frases e fazê-las ter um sentido maior: 
I wanted to text you, but I don’t have your number. 
(Eu queria te mandar uma mensagem, mas eu não tenho o número do seu celular.) 
Essa palavra but exerceu o papel que precisávamos: uniu as duas sentenças e estabeleceu 
uma lógica entre elas. Portanto, o but é uma conjunção. 
 
TIPOS DE CONJUNÇÕES 
Há três tipos de conjunções em inglês: 
✓ Conjunções Coordenadas (Coordinating Conjunctions) 
✓ Conjunções Subordinadas (Subordinating Conjunctions) 
✓ Conjunções Correlativas (Correlative Conjunctions) 
 
CONJUNÇÕES COORDENADAS 
As conjunções coordenadas são as mais comuns e as que geralmente usamos ou 
identificamos quando pensamos em linking words. Elas têm o papel de juntar orações. 
Elas podem juntar orações independentes (ou seja, orações que possuem sentido 
completo por si próprias, sem precisar de outra oração para fazer sentido), frases ou apenas 
palavras. 
Na língua inglesa há sete conjunções coordenadas importantes: 
 
Vejamos as particularidades de cada uma delas. 
 
 
 
 
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
For [por]– Explica o motivo ou a proposta de algo (equivalente ao porquê). 
 
 
And [e] – Adiciona uma coisa à outra. 
 
 
 Nor [nem] – Utilizado para apresentar uma alternativa com ideia negativa à uma outra 
ideia também negativa que já foi afirmada anteriormente. 
 
 
But [mas] – Mostra contraste. 
 
 
Or [ou] – Apresenta uma alternativa ou uma escolha. 
 
I go to the park every week, for I love running. 
[Eu vou ao parque toda semana, por amar correr.] 
Peter though he had a great chance to be accepted at Oxford, 
for his grandfather was the Dean of that university. 
[Paul achava que tinha uma grande chance de ser aceito em 
Oxford, por seu avô ser o reitor daquela Universidade.] 
 
 
Daniel goes to the beach to surf and relax. 
[O Daniel vai à praia para surfar e relaxar.] 
I love red and white wine. 
[Eu gosto de vinho branco e tinto.] 
 
 
The virus cannot live in immunized individuals, nor in the air. 
[O vírus não pode viver em indivíduos imunizados, nem no ar.] 
The guy didn’t have the chest of a body builder, nor did he have the six-pack abs. 
[O cara não tinha o peitoral de um fisiculturista, nem tinha o abdômen tanquinho.] 
 
 
The game in the park is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of summer. 
[O jogo no parque é divertido no inverno, mas é melhor no calor do verão.] 
She is very old but still works. 
[Ela é muito velha, mas ainda trabalha.] 
 
 
Those men play on teams: shirts or skins. 
[Aqueles homens jogam em times: com camiseta ou sem camiseta.] 
Do you want a boy or a girl, Mom? 
[Você quer um menino ou uma menina, mamãe?] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
 Yet – Introduz uma ideia constratante que segue logicamente a ideia precedente, similar 
ao “mas”. 
 
 
So [então, logo] – Indica efeito, resultado ou consequência. 
 
 
Observe que as conjunções coordenadas geralmente ficam no meio de uma sentença e 
uma vírgula é utilizada antes do linking word. 
Com exceção se ambas as orações sejam muito curtas, neste caso a vírgula não será 
utilizada. 
Quando uma conjunção coordenada conecta duas orações independentes (ou seja, que 
cada uma possui sentido sozinha, sem precisar da outra oração para fazer sentido), ela é 
acompanhada da vírgula. 
A vírgula será utilizada quando but expressar contraste. 
 
CONJUNÇÕES SUBORDINADAS 
Dos três tipos que há de conjunções, as subordinadas são as mais complexas de se 
reconhecer, mas intuitivas de dominar. 
As conjunções subordinadas introduzem as orações dependentes (ou seja, orações que 
não possuem sentido completo por si próprias, elas precisam de outra oração para fazer sentido) 
prendendo-as a uma oração independente (a que possui sentido completo por si só). 
As conjunções subordinadas estabelecem uma relação de sentido entre a oração 
dependente com o resto da frase. Há inúmeras conjunções subordinadas em inglês, as mais 
comuns são: 
 
 
I often take a book to read, yet I never seem to turn a single page. 
[Eu frequentemente levo umlivro para ler, mas parece que nunca viro uma só página.] 
Dorian was the oldest of the girls, yet her accent was the most prominent. 
[A Doriana era a mais velha das irmãs, mas seu sotaque era o mais proeminente.] 
 
 
I’ve started dating one of the soccer players, so now I have an 
excuse to often watch the game. 
[Eu comecei a namorar um dos jogadores de futebol, então agora 
eu tenho uma desculpa para assistir aos jogos frequentemente.] 
This is the easiest way to get there, so don’t say anything. 
[Este é o caminho mais fácil para chegar lá, então não diga nada.] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
COMPARAÇÃO 
CONTRASTE 
CONCESSÃO 
CAUSA E EFEITO TEMPO 
POSSIBILIDADE 
CONDIÇÃO 
LUGAR 
MODO 
ALTHOUGH 
(Apesar, Embora) 
BECAUSE 
(Porque – nas respostas) 
AFTER 
(Depois) 
AS IF 
(Como se) 
AS IF 
(Como se) 
EVEN THOUGH 
(Apesar de) 
IN ORDER – THAT 
(Para – que) 
AS SOON AS 
(Assim que) 
ASSUMING THAT 
(Assumindo que) 
AS THOUGH 
(Como se) 
RATHER THAN 
(Ao invés de) 
SINCE 
(Desde) 
BEFORE 
(Antes) 
EVEN IF 
(Mesmo se) 
HOW 
(Como) 
THAN 
(Do que) 
SO THAT 
(De modo que) 
BY THE TIME 
(No momento que) 
IF 
(Se) 
NEXT 
(Próximo) 
THOUGH 
(Embora) 
WHY 
(Por quê) 
NOW THAT 
(Agora que) 
IN CASE – THAT 
(Em caso – que) 
WHERE 
(Onde) 
WHERE AS 
(Enquanto que) 
- 
ONCE 
(Uma vez) 
ONLY IF 
(Somente se) 
WHEREVER 
(Onde quer que) 
WHETHER 
(Se) 
- 
SINCE 
(Desde) 
PROVIDED THAT 
(Devido a) 
- 
WHILE 
(Enquanto) 
- 
UNTIL 
(Até) 
UNLESS 
(A menos que) 
- 
- - 
WHEN 
(Quando) 
UNTIL 
(Até) 
- 
- - - 
WHETHER 
(Se) 
- 
 
Exemplos: 
 
Although I’ve been here before, he’s just too hard to forget. 
Embora eu já tenha vindo aqui antes, ele é muito difícil de esquecer. 
 
I guess I’ll never be the same since I won this medal. 
Eu acho que eu nunca mais serei o mesmo desde que eu ganhei essa medalha. 
 
They are watching TV while my mom is making dinner. 
Eles estão assistindo TV enquanto a minha mãe está fazendo o jantar. 
 
If you leave her, she will die. 
Se você deixá-la, ela morrerá. 
 
I’m proud of you because you passed the exam. 
Eu estou orgulhoso de você porque você passou no exame. 
 
Talk to me before you leave. 
Fale comigo antes de partir. 
 
Once you go there, you never forget it. 
Uma vez que você vai lá, você nunca esquece. 
 
When I see you smile, I can do anything. 
Quando eu vejo você sorrindo, eu consigo fazer qualquer coisa. 
 
 
 
 
16 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
As orações podem ir em qualquer ordem, ou seja, tanto uma oração dependente como 
uma independente podem começar a frase, mas o que nunca muda é que a conjunção 
subordinada é a primeira palavra da oração dependente. 
 
CONJUNÇÕES CORRELATIVAS 
As conjunções correlativas estão sempre em grupo. Elas vêm em pares e você precisa 
utilizar ambas em lugares diferentes em uma oração para fazer sentido. 
Por esse motivo, elas têm esse nome justamente pelo fato delas trabalharem juntas (co-) 
e por relacionar um elemento de uma sentença com outro (relação). 
Sua correlação sempre denota igualdade, e mostra a relação entre as ideias expressas em 
diferentes partes da sentença: 
 
 
Vejamos alguns exemplos: 
 
 
 
as . . . as [como . . . como] 
both . . . and [ambos . . . e] 
either . . . or [ou . . . ou] 
hardly . . . when [dificilmente. . . quando] 
if . . . then [se . . . então] 
just as . . . so [assim como . . . assim] 
neither . . . nor [nem . . . nem] 
no sooner . . . than [não antes . . . do que] 
not . . . but [não . . . mas] 
not only . . . but also [não somente . . . mas também] 
rather . . . than [em vez . . . do que] 
scarcely . . . when [mal . . . quando] 
what with . . . and [o que com . . . e] 
whether . . . or [se. . . ou] 
 
 
 
 
I didn’t know whether you’d want the pizza or hamburger, so I got you both. 
Eu não sabia se você iria querer pizza ou hamburger, então eu peguei os dois para você. 
 
I want either the pizza or the hamburger. 
Eu quero ou a pizza ou o hamburger. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Há ainda uma outra conjunção, chamada de conjunção adverbial. 
Ela estabelece uma ideia de conjunção que une duas orações, entretanto, por ter valor de 
advérbio, não é comum que ela apareça junto às demais conjunções. 
As conjunções adverbiais mais comuns (apesar de pouco usadas) e que podem aparecer 
em alguma prova de vestibular são: 
SIMILARES A AND SIMILARES A BUT SIMILARES A SO 
ALSO 
(Também) 
CONVERSELY 
(Inversamente) 
ACCORDINGLY 
(Consequentemente) 
BESIDES 
(Além de) 
HOWEVER 
(Contudo) 
CONSEQUENTLY 
(Por conseguinte) 
FURTHERMORE 
(Além disso) 
INTEAD OF 
(Ao invés) 
HENCE 
(Portanto) 
LIKEWISE 
(Além disso) 
NEVERTHELESS 
(Não obstante) 
MEANWHILE 
(Enquanto isso) 
 OTHERWISE 
(Caso contrário) 
THEREFORE 
(Portanto) 
 RATHER 
(Em vez) 
THUS 
(Assim) 
 STILL 
(Apesar) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTION WORDS/WH QUESTIONS 
Os Question Words são pronomes interrogativos utilizados para elaborar perguntas em 
Inglês. Eles são empregados antes dos verbos auxiliares e modais para se questionar algo. 
Vale lembrar que, em Português, podemos transformar qualquer afirmação em pergunta 
somente mudando a entonação, o que é diferente em Inglês, como você tem visto em nossas 
aulas e praticamos bem isso na aula de verbos, com os devidos auxiliares de cada tempo verbal. 
Muitas vezes, os question words são chamados Wh Questions porque eles contêm as letras 
“W” e “H” em sua estrutura, veja: What (O quê/qual), Which (O quê/qual), When (Quando), Who 
(Quem), When (Quando), Why (Por quê), HoW (Como), entre outros que estudaremos. 
 
WHAT 
What significa o quê/qual e é usado para perguntar sobre objetos, situações, assuntos 
diversos e tudo aquilo que não sabemos. É o Wh question mais genérico de todos e, 
consequentemente, o mais usado em textos dos mais variados tipos. 
A pergunta feita com WHAT é geral, como abaixo, qual é o seu nome, endereço, o que você 
gosta, que horas são e o que você faz, a resposta pode ser qualquer uma e não possui escolhas, 
como entre duas ou mais coisas que você goste. 
Se perguntar “o que você gosta?” – What do you like, a resposta pode ser o que vier em 
sua mente, diferente de WHICH, que veremos a seguir. 
 
WHAT
WHAT'S 
YOUR 
NAME? 
WHAT'S 
YOUR 
ADDRESS?
WHAT DO 
YOU LIKE?
WHAT 
TIME IS IT?
WHAT DO 
YOU DO?
 
 
 
 
19 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
WHICH 
Which também significa o quê/qual porém, é usado quando temos opções limitadas, 
escolhas. Enquanto what é usado para perguntas de um modo geral, o which é usado quando são 
oferecidas opções de respostas. 
Por exemplo, a pergunta sobre o que você gosta – “What do you like?”, usando o which, 
você provavelmente precisaria escolher algo que gosta, como: “Which do you like, pizza or ice-
cream?”, em que sua resposta tem que ser uma das duas ou mais opções. 
Veja outros exemplos: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
WHAT DO YOU EAT IN 
THE MORNING? WHICH DO YOU EAT IN THE 
MORNING, BREAD OR TOAST?
WHICH
WHICH NAME 
DO YOU 
PREFER, TOM 
OR JOHN? 
WHICH CITY 
WOULD YOU 
LIVE, NEW 
YORK OR 
LONDON?
WHAT DO 
YOU LIKE IN 
THE 
MORNING, 
MILK OR 
JUICE?
WHICH KIND 
OF MOVIE DO 
YOU LIKE 
THE MOST, 
SUSPENSE OR 
DRAMA?
WHICH JOB IS 
BETTER, 
BEING A 
TEACHER OR 
A LAWYER?
 
 
 
 
20 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
WHEN 
When significa o quando e é usado para saber sobre tempo/período ou ocasião - quando 
algo aconteceu, aconteceou irá acontecer. 
 
 
WHERE 
Where significa onde e é usado para saber sobre local, localização. 
 
 
WHEN?
WHEN IS 
YOUR 
BIRTHDAY? 
WHEN DID 
YOU 
GRADUATE?
WHEN DO 
YOU GO TO 
THE GYM?
WHEN WILL 
YOU 
TRAVEL 
AGAIN?
WHEN ARE 
YOU GOING 
TO DECIDE?
WHERE?
WHERE IS 
YOUR 
SCHOOL? 
WHERE DO 
YOU WORK 
OUT?
WHERE DID 
YOU GO 
YESTERDAY?
WHERE 
WILL YOU 
GRADUATE?
WHERE CAN 
YOU LEAVE 
YOUR CAR?
 
 
 
 
21 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
WHY 
Why significa porquê e é usado para saber o motivo, a razão de algo acontecer, ter 
acontecido ou porque vai acontecer. A resposta é sempre because – why para perguntar e 
because para responder. 
 
 
WHO/WHOM 
Who e Whom significam quem, para saber sobre pessoas mas, são usados em diferentes 
situações – enquanto who tem a função de sujeito, whom tem a função de objeto, como vou 
mostrar abaixo. 
Se a pergunta for “Quem é o ator principal desse filme?”, é “Who is this movie main actor?” 
(a resposta do who será o ator, que é o sujeito da pergunta). 
Mas, se a pergunta for “Sobre quem é esse filme?”, é “Whom is this movie about?” (a 
resposta será sobre quem é o filme, sendo o sujeito da frase o filme e não sobre quem é). Sobre 
quem é o objeto. I o whom faz exatamente esse papel: de objeto direto ou indireto nas frases. 
E ainda podem aparecer, nos textos do vestibular, perguntas com a preposição “to” no 
final, como por exemplo: “To whom was she talking?” (Com quem ela estava falando?), também 
na função de objeto. Vejamos exemplos. 
 
WHY?
WHY ARE 
YOU TIRED? 
BECAUSE I 
STUDIED A 
LOT.
WHY DO YOU 
STUDY? 
BECAUSE I 
WANT TO BE 
APPROVED.
WHY DID 
YOU GET 
LATE? 
BECAUSE OF 
THE 
TRAFFIC.
WHY WILL 
YOU 
TRAVEL? 
BECAUSE IT'S 
MY 
VACATION.
WHY ARE 
YOU 
LEAVING? 
BECAUSE I 
HAVE TO GO. 
 
 
 
 
22 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
 
 
WHOSE 
Whose significa de quem e é usado para saber quem é o dono de algo, para saber a quem 
pertence alguma coisa. É sempre seguido de um nome e um verbo. 
 
WHO?
WHOM?
WHO ARE 
YOU 
TALKING 
TO? 
WHO IS 
YOUR 
TEACHER? 
WITH 
WHOM DID 
YOU GO 
OUT? 
TO WHOM 
SHOULD I 
TALK? 
WHO IS THE 
AUTHOR? 
WHOM IS 
THIS STORY 
ABOUT?
WHOSE?
WHOSE 
PEN IS 
THIS? 
WHOSE 
TEACHE
R IS THE 
BEST? 
WHOSE 
ARE 
THOSE 
BOOKS? 
WHOSE 
CARDS 
ARE 
THOSE? 
WHOSE 
BOOK IS 
THIS?
 
 
 
 
23 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
HOW 
Usamos a Question Word HOW (como) quando queremos descrever a forma como algo é 
feito e a condição ou qualidade. Veja alguns exemplos abaixo e outros para melhor compreensão. 
 
 
Outros exemplos: 
How was your class? – Como está sua aula? 
How do you cook vegetables? – Como você cozinha verduras? 
How do you know his name? – Como você sabe o nome dele? 
How can I speak English fast? – Como eu posso falar Inglês rápido? 
 
How old: usado para perguntar a idade de alguém ou algo. 
How old is you mother? Quantos anos tem sua mãe? 
How old is this building? Quantos anos tem esse edifício? 
HOW?
HOW ARE 
YOU DOING? 
HOW MANY 
STUDENTS? 
HOW MUCH 
MONEY? 
HOW OLD 
ARE YOU? 
HOW FAR IS 
YOUR 
WORK? 
HOW TALL 
ARE YOU?
HOW BIG IS 
YOUR 
HOUSE? 
HOW OFTEN 
DO YOU 
STUDY? 
HOW HIGH IS 
THE 
MONUMENT? 
HOW FAST IS 
THAT BUS? 
 
 
 
 
24 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
How long: usando para perguntar há quanto tempo, quanto tempo. 
How long have you been studying? Há quanto tempo você tem estudado? 
 
How far: usando para perguntar a distância entre uma coisa e outra. 
How far is the hotel from the school? Qual é a distância entre o hotel e a escola? 
 
How many: quantos – usado para substantivos contáveis, quando o plural é possível. 
How many students can you see? Quantos alunos você consegue ver? 
 
How much: quanto – usado para substantivos incontáveis, quando o plural não é possível. 
How much money do you need? Quanto de dinheiro você precisa? 
 
Preparei uma tabela para você: 
HOW MANY ...? HOW HIGH ...? 
(Quanto ...?) (Qual a altura ...?) > para objetos, seres inanimados 
HOW MUCH ...? HOW DEEP ...? 
(Quantos ...?) (Qual a profundidade ...?) 
HOW OLD ...? HOW FAST ...? 
(Quanto anos ...?) (Qual a velocidade ...?) 
HOW FAR ...? HOW WELL ...? 
(Qual a distância ...?) (Quão bem ...?) 
HOW LONG ...? HOW BIG ...? 
(Quanto tempo ...?) (Qual o tamanho ...?) 
HOW OFTEN ...? HOW COME ...? 
(Qual a frequência ...?) (Como ...?) > informal 
HOW TALL ...? 
(Qual a altura ...?) > para pessoas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÕES 
 Você vai, agora, responder questões selecionadas de provas já realizadas em anos 
anteriores. Depois, como em todas as nossas aulas, haverá o gabarito e as questões comentadas. 
 Vamos começar com questões ESA, de acordo coma sua instituição escolhida e depois, 
vamos treinar de outras Carreiras Militares, para adquirir experiência e treinar vocabulário. 
QUESTÕES ESA 
Read the text and answer questions 01, 02 and 03 
Children who ate ‘cannabis sweets’ risked serious harm, say Surrey police 
Investigation begins after two boys, 12 and 13, and a girl, 12, were taken to hospital after falling unconscious 
Four children who were taken to hospital after eating sweets they thought contained cannabis 
are not believed to have suffered long-term effects, police have said. 
The youngsters were found vomiting uncontrollably and falling in and out of consciousness on 
Saturday afternoon on Pound Lane in Epsom, according to Surrey police. A 12-year-old girl, 12-
year-old boy and 13-year-old boy were taken to hospital by the South East Coast ambulance 
service and are lucky not to have been more seriously affected by whatever they ate, the police 
said. 
They suffered “a violent reaction from eating the jelly sweets that they believed contained 
cannabis”, police said. 
Another 12-year-old boy was taken to hospital by his family because he was also believed to have 
eaten the sweets. 
One of the 12-year-old boys was discharged from hospital late on Saturday and the other three 
were expected to leave on Sunday. The source of the sweets is still being investigated and police 
do not have a clear idea of what they look like, although a similar report from Friday night involved 
“jelly apple rings” which look like green jelly circles. 
DS Lisa Betchley said: “These children were incredibly lucky that they were not more seriously 
affected by whatever it was that they ate – and this is thanks, in great part, to the prompt actions 
of two medical students who happened to be nearby and assisted in the early stages, as well as 
the South East Coast ambulance service and hospital staff for their rapid response and treatment. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/02/children-who-ate-cannabis-sweets-risked-serious-harm-say-surrey-police) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (ESA/INÉDITA) – Concerning the information in the text, is correct to state that 
(A) The impacts caused by the food eaten by the children are likely to be short-term 
(B) The children's symptoms were severe headaches and nausea 
(C) The content of the sweets is still completely unknown 
(D) What happened to the children reached the worst possible scenario 
(E) The children were saved, mainly, by the small amount of toxic food ingested 
 
 
 
 
 
26 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 02 (ESA/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “One of the 12-year-old boys was discharged 
from hospital late on Saturday and the other three were expected to leave on Sunday” 
(paragraph 4), the word “discharged” means 
(A)Accomplished 
(B) Done 
(C) Dismissed 
(D) Retired 
(E) Hospitalized 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (ESA/INÉDITA) – The words ATE and WERE are 
(A) Regular verbs 
(B) Not verbs 
(C) Modal verbs 
(D) From different grammatical classes 
(E) Irregular verbs 
 
Read the text and answer questions 04 and 05 
Will Covid-19 vaccines reduce virus transmission? 
Vaccinated people can still get infected, but they are less likely to pass it on 
There are two ways that getting vaccinated can slow the spread of the virus. First, _______ (1) 
can help prevent you getting infected. Second, even if you are unlucky and catch the virus, it may 
reduce the risk of passing it on. It is crucial to understand how big these benefits are. 
Two huge new studies have taken advantage of the successful UK vaccine rollout. An Oxford-ONS 
analysis _______ (2) more than 370,000 survey participants found infections were reduced by 
65% after a single dose. For protection against the virus, one dose was similar _______ (3) having 
had a prior infection. There was no major difference between the two available vaccines. 
Curiously, infection rates were lower up to three weeks before the jab. Did the virus have magical 
pre-cognition and keep away? More plausible is the idea of “reverse causation”. People can have 
the vaccination only if they have not tested positive or shown recent symptoms, so it is inevitable 
there were fewer recorded infections before vaccinations took place. Statistics can be tricky 
things. 
Most important, the studies showed that if you are infected after vaccination, it tends to be much 
milder, both in terms of self-reported symptoms and viral load. 
If vaccinated people develop a weaker infection, then they might be less likely to pass on the virus. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/may/02/vaccinated-people-less-likely-to-pass-covid-on) 
 
 
 
 
 
27 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 04 (ESA/INÉDITA) – Concerning the information in the text, is correct to say that 
(A) The vaccine completely prevents the organism from being infected by the virus 
(B) Vaccines have the potential to significantly reduce the rate of virus infection 
(C) The first dose of the vaccine starts to take effect when the second dose is applied 
(D) The two vaccines studied and cited in the text had significant differences in their results 
(E) The drop in the rate of infections in the period prior to vaccine doses occurred by pure 
coincidence 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (ESA/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “Did the virus have magical precognition and 
keep away? More plausible is the idea of ‘reverse causation’” (paragraph 3), the word 
“plausible” means 
(A) Reasonable 
(B) Improbable 
(C) Irrational 
(D) Partial 
(E) Impartial 
 
QUESTÕES EPCAR 
Directions: Answer questions 01 to 05 according to TEXT 
Why We Must Improve Vaccine Manufacturing Before the Next Pandemic 
It should worry everyone that experts surveyed by TIME regarded both increasing funding in a 
post-COVID-19 world for vaccine development and scaling up of manufacturing capacity 
feasible—but improving equitable vaccine distribution was not. 
To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place. The good news is, all these 
elements are feasible, and indeed starting to work today. 
On vaccine R&D, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), was set up with the 
precise purpose of identifying and investing in R&D for vaccines against emerging infectious 
diseases with epidemic potential. So, when it came to COVID-19, with CEPI’s and other R&D 
support, as well as industry engagement, the scientific and vaccine manufacturing community 
rallied, producing the first safe and effective vaccine in record time—just 327 days. Today we have 
not just one but 15 in widespread use. 
Increased investment now could get us there even faster the next time, particularly given the 
potential of the relatively new RNA vaccine technologies that have proved so effective with 
COVID-19. These plug-and-play vaccine technologies not only make it possible to identify and 
develop antigens rapidly, but much of the regulatory testing and approval can be done in advance, 
even before we know what the threat is. 
 
 
 
 
28 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
As for manufacturing, it may be difficult to immediately discern when there are severe supply 
shortages, but the world has actually rapidly built up manufacturing capacity during COVID-19. 
Waiving intellectual property has been talked about a lot as a potential solution for boosting 
production. But the growth we have seen in the past year has been achieved through technology 
transfers, where both the intellectual property and the vital know-how needed to make vaccines 
is shared between manufacturers. 
However, we need to do more. Given the extremely large number of doses needed during a 
pandemic, export bans of vaccines and essential components and supply bottlenecks have led to 
a vaccine divide. Currently, more than a third of adults in high-income countries have now been 
vaccinated, while less than 1% of those in low-income countries have had their first jab. 
To prevent this kind of scenario from happening the next time round and ensure that those most 
at risk are prioritized wherever they are, it is not distribution channels we are lacking, but global 
manufacturing capacity. We already have highly effective distribution channels, through COVAX 
and its partners, and we already have access to doses, enough to protect 1.8 billion people in 
lower-income economies by early next year, enough to protect almost 30% of people in these 
countries. 
But through investments now to increase global manufacturing capacity, particularly in emerging 
economies, and support of technology transfers, the next time a pandemic strikes we can get 
there sooner. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/6072101/improve-vaccine-manufacturing/) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that can replace the word “improve” in the 
title without changing its meaning 
A) Blow 
B) Help 
C) Recuperate 
D) Enhance 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – We can deduce from the first paragraph that 
A) Experts do not believe that increasing manufacturing capacity is feasible 
B) Improving an equitable distribution of vaccines should be considered feasible 
C) Investment in vaccine development is not appropriate in the post-pandemic world 
D) There was an equitable distribution of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 03 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the option with the suitable question to answer the 
underlined fragment below 
“To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place”. 
A) How will mass vaccination work in a possible next pandemic? 
B) How can the next pandemic occur? 
C) What can be done to stop a possible next pandemic from going forward? 
D) What are the advantages of vaccination? 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that can replace the underlined word keeping 
the same meaning 
“To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place”. 
A) Exclude 
B) Encompass 
C) Indeed 
D) Rid 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the alternative that can answer the question below 
according to the text 
How was the COVID-19 vaccine development process? 
A) It was unusually fast and effective 
B) It was fast, like all vaccine developmentC) It was time-consuming but effective 
D) It was time-consuming and ineffective 
 
QUESTÕES EFOMM 
Online school to continue into next academic year amid risk of further disruption 
A virtual school will stay open for at least most of the next academic year amid a rise in the number 
of pupils selfisolating. 
Oak National Academy has been used by pupils and teachers to support remote learning - which 
has taken place during lockdowns and - during the Covid pandemic. 
The Reach Foundation, which the school is part of, said it will keep operating at no cost for at least 
the next two terms. 
The charity said this will help teachers to plan for the start of the next academic year by being 
able to access Oak National Academy’s online lessons and learning resources. 
 
 
 
 
30 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
The announcement comes against a backdrop of rising Covid infections in the UK and the large 
numbers of children self-isolating as the school year drew to a close. 
More than one million children were out of school last week due to Covid-related reasons - such 
as a positive test, suspected Covid case or being told to isolate - just before schools broke up for 
the summer holiday. 
In the final weeks of term, over 300,000 pupils used Oak National Academy’s online learning 
lessons and resources. 
Schools are already considering what measures they may need to put in place should pupils test 
positive, or they are asked to self-isolate in the next academic year. 
The extension of the virtual school into the autumn and spring terms is backed by £2.1m in funding 
from the Department for Education (DfE). 
Ed Vainker from the Reach Foundation - which has incubated Oak since its launch - said the charity 
understood teachers wanted the online school to continue. 
“We are also mindful that Covid-19 will be with us in some form for the foreseeable future, and 
the autumn and winter may bring further disruption,” the chief executive said. 
“I’m therefore pleased the DfE will continue to support Oak, so it remains open and free as part 
of resilience planning for the next two terms.” 
Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said: “From being set up by a small group of teachers in under 
two weeks, Oak National Academy has become one of the great success stories as we tackle the 
pandemic.” 
He said the online school helped millions of pupils and teachers while most children were not 
allowed to set foot in school during a lockdown last spring and one at the start of this year. 
But even since after all students were allowed back on since in March, Oak National Academy said 
30,000 teachers have used its services a week, with demand rising amid the spread of the Delta 
variant. 
“The impact Oak has made and the good it has done for the sector and children is immeasurable, 
and we will now look for the best way to harness that for the future,” Mr Gibb added. 
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/uk-online-school-two-terms-b1888491.html 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In the extract from the text: “The announcement comes 
against a backdrop of rising Covid infections in the UK [...]” (paragraph 5). The word in bold is 
closest in meaning to 
A) Scenery 
B) Decrease 
C) Increase 
D) Scene 
E) View 
 
 
 
 
 
31 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 02 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In the extract from the text: “We are also mindful that Covid-
19 will be with us in some form for the foreseeable future, and the autumn and winter may 
bring further disruption” (paragraph 12), the verb “to bring” means 
A) To refuse 
B) To carry 
C) To hold 
D) To serve 
E) To consider 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – What is true according to the text? 
A) Despite the increase in the number of self-isolated students, a virtual school has decided to 
close its doors 
B) Oak National Academy lost its popularity during the period of social isolation resulting from 
the Covid-19 pandemic 
C) More than a million students were out of school last week because of the summer break 
D) The next school year will not need to have protective measures against Covid-19 
E) Given the pandemic conditions, Oak will continue to act as a great help to students and 
teachers 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In the extract from the text: “[…] which has incubated Oak 
since its launch […] (paragraph 10), the word “which” refers to 
A) Reach foundation 
B) Oak 
C) Ed Vainker 
D) Teachers 
E) Department for Education 
 
Read the text below to answer question 05: 
Cannabis part of the future says tobacco giant 
The UK's largest tobacco firm says it __________ cannabis as part of its future as it tries to move 
away from selling traditional cigarettes. British American Tobacco said it wanted to "accelerate" 
its transformation by reducing the health impact of its products. 
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57995285 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 05 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Fill in the blank with the suitable verb 
A) Is seeing 
B) Saw 
C) Sees 
D) Was seeing 
E) Will see 
 
Read the text below to answer questions 06 and 07: 
A Belgian chocolate company is now ____ 3D printers which allow the company to create more 
intricate, difficultto-mould chocolates. The chocolates are intended for people who seek original 
designs. 
The chocolate is melted before _____ poured into a syringe which is attached to the printer and 
since the chocolates are hard to transport, the company _____ to open other shops around the 
world. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/chocolate-3d-printing-level-3/ 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct way to complete the text above? 
A) Using / being / hopes 
B) Uses / being / hoped 
C) Uses / being / is hoping 
D) Using / being / was hoping 
E) Using / being / had hoped 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In “…which allow the company to create more intricate…”, 
the word in bold means 
A) Hard 
B) Intriguing 
C) Fancy 
D) Complex 
E) Perplexing 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below? 
The small town of Pelhrimov in the Czech Republic _______ thousands of strange records and 
hosted a festival to show them off. Some of the records were racing with folding ladders and 
 
 
 
 
33 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
folding pink scarves. The president of the festival _______ that he was happy to have people come 
and understand the ‘essence’ of what the people in this town _______. He wants to show that life 
is more than being on Facebook or sitting at a computer. It is good to do something! 
Adapted from: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/town-has-strange-records-level-3/ 
 
A) Holds / said / do 
B) Holds / says / do 
C) Hold / said / do 
D) Holds / said / does 
E) Holds / says / does 
 
Read the text below to answer questions 09 and 10: 
Jeff Bezos, _______ richest man ________ __ Earth, visited space on Tuesday. He and three other 
crew members soared about 107 kilometers above the Texas desert aboard his company Blue 
Origin´s New Shepard rocket. 
_______ historic unpiloted sub-orbital flight helped to inaugurate a new era of private commercial 
space tourism. The trip to the edge of space lasted about 10 minutes and 20 seconds, including a 
few minutes of weightlessness. The crew included his brother Mark, Wally Funk, an 82-year-old 
pioneering female aviator, and Oliver Daemen, an 18-year-old Dutch physics student. 
Bezos, who recently stepped down as Amazon´s CEO, thanked employees and customers _______ 
the company that he founded, saying that their hard work and Amazon purchases had made his 
space flight possible. Hiswords sparked criticism, with some politicians saying that Amazon 
abused its market power to hurt small businesses. They also said Bezos should have spent 
_______ money to pay his workers fairly and protect their health. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/the-worlds-richest-man-visits-space-level-3/ 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Fill in the blank with the suitable prepositions 
A) A / in / a / of / the 
B) The / on / an / of / a 
C) The / in / a / of / the 
D) A / on / a / of / the 
E) The / on / a / of / the 
 
 
 
 
34 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 10 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In “…an 82-year-old pioneering female aviator…”, the 
expression in bold means 
A) The first person in a row 
B) The first person to do something 
C) The last person to do something 
D) The most important person to do something 
E) The least important person to so something 
 
QUESTÕES EEAR 
Read Text I to do questions 01, 02 and 03 based on it. 
Text I 
We must not let hope abandon us, because God, with his love, walks with us. “I hope, because 
God is beside me”: we can all say this. Each one of us can say: “I hope, I have hope, because God 
walks with me.” He walks and he holds my hand. God does not leave us to ourselves. The Lord 
Jesus has conquered evil and has opened the path of life for us. Let us allow the Lord to teach us 
what it means to hope. ___________, let us listen to the words of Sacred Scripture, beginning 
with the prophet Isaiah, the great messenger of hope. 
By Pope Francis 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – “We must not let hope abandon us” The underlined modal verb 
expresses the idea of: 
(A) prohibition 
(B) obligation 
(C) possibility 
(D) suggestion 
(E) deduction 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – The pronoun his, (line 1), is classified as: 
(A) object pronoun 
(B) possessive pronoun 
(C) possessive adjective 
(D) subject pronoun 
(E) reflexive pronoun 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 03 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Fill in the blank with the suitable option: 
(A) Besides 
(B) Because 
(C) Although 
(D) Therefore 
(E) However 
 
Read text II and answer questions 04 and 05 based on it. 
Text II 
 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – What is the main verb tense used in the text above? 
(A) Simple Past 
(B) Past Perfect 
(C) Simple Present 
(D) Past Perfect Continuous 
(E) Present Perfect Continuous 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Choose the best alternative according to the dialogue in the 
cartoon 
(A) The boy does not seem irritated by the attitude of his cat and dog. 
(B) According to the boy, Garfield was happy and thin because he had had a good breakfast. 
(C) We can see in the text that the boy was being ironic and he was irritated by the attitude of 
the dog and the cat. 
(D) Garfiel fails to realize that he had done something wrong. 
(E) The dog ate the boy's breakfast while garfield chewed up his slipper. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 06 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Choose the option with the correct tag questions for the 
sentences below. 
1) Listen to me, _________________? 
2) Let's go to the movies, _______________? 
3) I’m right, ________________? 
(A) won’t you / won’t we / aren’t. 
(B) won’t you / shall we / aren’t I. 
(C) will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
(D) will you / won’t we / am I not. 
(E) will you / shan’t we / am I not. 
 
Read text III and answer questions 07 and 08 based on it. 
Text III 
Adele – Someone Like You 
I heard that you're settled down 
That you found a girl and you're married now 
I heard that your dreams came true 
Guess she gave you things, I didn't give to you 
Old friend, why are you so shy? 
Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light 
I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited 
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it 
I had hoped you'd see my face 
And that you'd be reminded that for me, it isn't over 
(Adapted from https://www.letras.mus.br/adele/1778689/) 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – What is the main verb tense used in the first paragraph of the 
text above? 
(A) Present Perfect. 
(B) Past Perfect. 
(C) Simple Present. 
(D) Past Perfect Continuous. 
(E) Simple Past. 
 
 
 
 
 
37 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 08 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – In the excerpt “I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited” the 
expression in bold means 
(A) blue as the sky. 
(B) unexpectedly. 
(C) once in a blue moon. 
(D) rarely. 
(E) promptly. 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Choose the option that contains only uncountable nouns 
(A) beauty, iron, information, newspaper, baggage. 
(B) beauty, bee, information, newspaper, wool. 
(C) song, iron, information, paper, wool. 
(D) song, bee, information, newspaper, baggage. 
(E) beauty, iron, information, paper, wool. 
 
Read text IV and answer question 10 based on it. 
Text IV 
There’s no end to the benefits of donating blood for those who need it. 
According to the American Red Cross, one donation can save as many as three lives, and someone 
in the United States needs blood every two seconds. 
It turns out that donating blood doesn’t just benefit recipients. There are health benefits for 
donors, too, on top of the benefits that come from helping others. 
Donating blood has benefits for your emotional and physical health. According to a report by the 
Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, improve your emotional well-being, 
benefit your physical health, help get rid of negative feelings, provide a sense of belonging and 
reduce isolation. 
Research has found further evidence of the health benefits that come specifically from donating 
blood. 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – “According to a report by the Mental Health Foundation, 
helping others can: reduce stress, […], help get rid of negative feelings […]”. The expression “get 
rid of” in bold in the text means 
(A) put away 
(B) throw away 
(C) put up with 
(D) find out 
(E) work out 
 
 
 
 
38 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÕES EAM 
Read the following text to answer questions 01 to 07. 
Lost Dog 
Sam saw a dog on the sidewalk. The dog looked lost. Sam approached the dog and patted its head. 
The dog wagged his tail. The dog had a collar. Sam looked at the collar and it read the dog's name. 
Its name was Spike. Spike was a small dog and looked well-groomed. “Come on, Spike,” he said to 
the dog. The dog followed him home. He brought the dog upstairs to his room. He had a jar of 
dog food because he used to have a dog. He poured the dog food into a bowl and placed it in front 
of Spike. Spike started eating. “I'll take care of you, Spike,” he said to the dog. He knew the dog 
did not belong to him. He printed posters of Spike that said “Found Dog”. He went around hanging 
the poster but nobody came to find Spike. 
(Adapted from <https://www.eslfast.com/begin2/b2/b2014.htm>) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Where did Sam most likely find Spike? 
(A) At an animal shelter. 
(B) At his home. 
(C) On his front porch. 
(D) On the street. 
(E) At a market. 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Spike looked like 
(A) a stray dog. 
(B) it was not well-cared. 
(C) a dog of a big breed. 
(D) it was not lost. 
(E) it had an owner. 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EAM/INÉDITA) – How many people reached Sam looking for Spike? 
(A) zero 
(B) many. 
(C) two. 
(D) some. 
(E) much. 
 
 
 
 
39 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 04 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Did Sam feed the dog? 
(A) No, he didn’t. 
(B) No, he did. 
(C) Yes, he did.(D) Yes, he fed. 
(E) Yes, he’s feeding. 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Read the following sentence. Sam looked at the collar and it 
read the dog's name. The pronoun IT refers to: 
(A) Sam. 
(B) the dog. 
(C) the collar. 
(D) name. 
(E) the dog’s name. 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that is FALSE about the text. 
(A) Sam was Spike’s dog. 
(B) Spike was not Sam’s dog. 
(C) Spike seemed lost. 
(D) Spike was little. 
(E) Spike went to Sam’s home. 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Read the following sentence. Its name was Spike. The possessive 
adjective ITS refers to: 
(A) the man. 
(B) the dog. 
(C) the dog’s owner. 
(D) the collar. 
(E) Sam. 
 
 
 
 
40 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 08 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Which items of clothing can you see in the picture below? 
 
 
(A) shoes, t-shirt, dress, shorts. 
(B) sneakers, shirt, dress, shorts. 
(C) shoes, suit, dress, trousers. 
(D) sneakers, tuxedo, blouse, shorts. 
(E) shoes, shirt, skirt, pants. 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that completes the sentences with the right 
form of the verbs in parenthesis, respectively. 
Lucy __________ (to go) to the gym every day, but she __________ (to go) this morning, 
because she was __________ (to feel) sick. 
(A) goes / went / feeling 
(B) gos / didn’t go / felt 
(C) going / went / feeling 
(D) goes / didn’t go / feeling 
(E) go / didn’t go / feels 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that completes the blanks with the right 
preposition of time or place. 
I arrived __________ New York __________ noon. 
(A) in / on 
(B) at / at 
(C) at / in 
(D) on / at 
(E) in / at 
 
 
 
 
41 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÕES COLÉGIO NAVAL 
Read the text and answer the following questions 01 – 02. 
Inflation: Used cars and food push US prices higher 
Consumer prices jumped 5.4% in the 12 months to the end of June, up from 5% _______ previous 
month. 
It marks the biggest 12-month increase _______ August 2008, according to the US Labor 
Department. 
Inflation, which measures the rate at which cost of living increases, has been rising as the economy 
reopens from coronavirus lockdowns. 
It has sparked fears that prices _______ increasing too quickly, which could prompt the Federal 
Reserve to push up interest rates or pull back on pandemic support earlier than expected. 
However, some economists and the Federal Reserve say that the inflationary pressures will be 
temporary. 
Used vehicles accounted for one-third of the increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) _______ 
June, the Labor Department said _______ Tuesday. 
But prices also reflected a broader surge in consumer demand as restrictions eased, with the costs 
of meals in restaurants and cafes, hotel stays and airline tickets all rising last month. 
(https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57573387) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In the title we can affirm that the prices are 
(A) increasing 
(B) dropping down 
(C) decreasing 
(D) at the same level 
(E) in equal measures 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Compete the gap in the sentence: “5% ____ previous 
month.” 
(A) a 
(B) an 
(C) the 
(D) of 
(E) no article 
 
 
 
 
 
42 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 03 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Complete the blank space: “_____ August 2008” 
(A) from 
(B) with 
(C) for 
(D) since 
(E) about 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In the sentence, “Inflation, which measures the rate 
cause 
(…)”, the word in bold refers to 
(A) rate 
(B) cause 
(C) the 
(D) measures 
(E) inflation 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In, “which could prompt the Federal Reserve to push 
up interest rates”. The underline verb gives an idea of 
(A) obligation 
(B) possibility 
(C) ability 
(D) advice 
(E) permission 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – The correct statement according to the text is 
(A) The cost of living is not a currently problem in the US. 
(B) Specialists say that inflation will be temporary. 
(C) Used vehicles were not affected by this situation. 
(D) Food department didn’t have any inflation grow. 
(E) The prices are getting down now. 
 
 
 
 
43 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 07 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – The word “however”, in bold in the text can be 
replaced by 
(A) also 
(B) otherwise 
(C) nevertheless 
(D) so 
(E) then 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – “It has sparked fears that prices ____ increasing too 
quickly.” The correct verb form to fill in the blank. 
(A) is 
(B) to be 
(C) will be 
(D) are 
(E) do 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – The expression, “coronavirus lockdowns”, means 
I. Restriction of going and getting back. (Restrições de ir e vir) 
II. The virus itself will lock people at home. (O virus por si mesmo trancou as pessoas em casa) 
III. People are with some situations restricted by the global disease. (As pessoas estão com 
alguma restrições pela doença global) 
(A) All of them are correct. 
(B) I and III are incorrect. 
(C) II and III are correct. 
(D) II is correct, but III is incorrect. 
(E) I and III are correct. 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – “___ June, the Labor Department said ___ Tuesday.” 
Complete the spaces with the suitable prepostitions 
(A) in / on 
(B) in / in 
(C) on in 
(D) at / in 
(E) in / at 
 
 
 
 
44 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÕES AFA 
Read Text I to do questions 01, 02 and 03 based on it 
Text I 
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive 
at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era of Martian exploration. 
 
_______ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit 
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of 
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or 
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will 
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that 
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched _______ NASA, is expected to become the United 
States’ 15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars. 
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars invasion. 
Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000 miles above 
the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in gaps in our 
understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured by rovers 
and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the UAE 
space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado, 
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft. 
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve never 
run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced sciences 
and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week. “It 
wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary 
exploration mission.” 
The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space Agency’s 
ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long. China’s Tianwen-1 
 
 
 
 
45 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected to arrive less than 
a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the Red Planet, but 
the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit. 
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover is small 
enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it has safely 
touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the next three 
months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater. The rover and 
lander will both relay data _______ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will send it back 
to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details 
about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year in Nature 
Astronomy says the agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the entire 
planet.” 
On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s 
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the 
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to 
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial 
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface 
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground. 
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing _______ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee, 
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a 
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do. 
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per 
second, we’ll be ready.” 
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is to collect 
samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to Earth. With 
any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life. But whether 
scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open question. Aside from 
hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind technology demonstration 
involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing, Perseverance will jettison 
the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If it works, it will be the first 
time an aircraft has flown on another planet. 
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a historic 
moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of space 
capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration. Mars was 
once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it is now also 
an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China. Getting to 
Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been 
successful—and there’s no guarantee that all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But 
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes 
well for the future of space exploration. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/) 
 
 
 
 
46 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 01 (AFA/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the gaps in the text? 
(A) On – by – from – on 
(B) At – to – from – by 
(C) On – by – to – by 
(D) In – by – on – by 
(E) In – to – to – on 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (AFA/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) The UAE and China had already visited Mars before, five or six times. 
(B) The UAE is not going to land on Mars. Rather than, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian 
atmosphere from space. 
(C) The United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft will be studying mars soil for 6 months. 
(D) About six countries have already accomplished the feat of going to mars. 
(E) The arrival of five national missions to Mars two weeks apart is a historic moment in the 
history of space exploration. 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (AFA/INÉDITA) – “Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t 
provided a lot of details about […]”. The highlighted word is closest in meaning to 
(A) However 
(B) Despite 
(C) Since 
(D) Even though 
(E) Besides 
 
Read Text ll to do question 04 based on it 
Text ll 
IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the 
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a 
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior 
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone 
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the 
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/) 
 
 
 
 
 
47 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 04 (AFA/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that correctly substitutes the expression rather 
than (line 02). 
(A) Instead of. 
(B) Despite of. 
(C) As well as. 
(D) In addition to. 
(E) At last. 
 
Read Text lll to do questions 05 and 06 based on it 
Text lll 
Russian Fabergé exhibition contains 'at least 20 fakes', expert says 
Andre Ruzhnikov accuses director Mikhail Piotrovsky of ‘destroying the authority of the museum’ 
A Russian museum __________ to close a Fabergé exhibition that contains items loaned from the 
personal collection of a billionaire, after a prominent expert said it contained more than a dozen 
fakes. 
In a letter, the art dealer Andre Ruzhnikov accused the Hermitage Museum’s director, Mikhail 
Piotrovsky, of “destroying the authority of the museum” by hosting the Fabergé: Jeweller to the 
Imperial Court show, which runs until 14 March. 
Ruzhnikov told the Guardian that the exhibition included at least 20 fakes, and that he thought 
the exhibition, which is the first big Fabergé event at the St Petersburg institution since 1993, 
should close immediately. He said: “I want the shame to end. I want this show to be closed and 
forgotten, and that’s it. You cannot subject the Hermitage to such shame.” 
The Hermitage and Alexander Ivanov have denied the claims and the billionaire produced 
documents that support the authenticity of the items that were loaned from the Fabergé Museum 
in Baden-Baden, which he established in 2009. 
Piotrovsky and the Hermitage did not respond to a request for comment. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/feb/01/russian-faberge-exhibition-contains-fakes-expert-says) 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (AFA/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the gap in the text? 
(A) has asked 
(B) had been asked 
(C) had asked 
(D) has been asked 
(E) was asked 
 
 
 
 
48 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 06 (AFA/INÉDITA) – In the phrase “… a Fabergé exhibition that contains items loaned 
from the personal collection of a billionaire” (paragraph 1), the underlined word is a synonym 
for 
(A) donated 
(B) purchased 
(C) acquired 
(D) borrowed 
(E) lent 
 
Read Text lV to do questions 07, 08, 09and 10 based on it 
Text lV 
When will offices be full again? 
Maybe never, some executives say. 
By Lauren Hirsch 
Many companies do not expect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and even 
then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made this 
week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter. 
On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in New York 
and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in both cities; 
and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned. 
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M. 
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working 
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your 
employees.” Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will 
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.” 
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a regulatory 
round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could support 
demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before. 
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and pitches 
seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata Sons, 
said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United States 
to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2 billion 
worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.” 
There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited about what 
employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend two hours 
improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend two hours 
more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” 
Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not without 
risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's really a 
pleasure.” 
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-say.html 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 07 (AFA/INÉDITA) – The correct form of the sentence “They could spend two hours 
more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” in the indirect speech is: 
(A) It said that they could have spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
(B) It said that they could spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
(C) It said that they will spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
(D) It said that they spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
(E) It said that they have spended two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (AFA/INÉDITA) – In “There are other perks from working at home” the underlined 
word is closest in meaning to: 
(A) goods 
(B) benefits 
(C) harms 
(D) losses 
(E) ways 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (AFA/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “They could spend two hours improving their 
health by exercising,” extracted from the text the pronoun they refers to: 
(A) daily commutes 
(B) BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink 
(C) Employees 
(D) Many companies 
(E) Family 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (AFA/INÉDITA) – “They could spend two hours improving their health by 
exercising,” The underlined word can be replaced by: 
(A) coming up with 
(B) puting up with 
(C) puting away 
(D) turning down 
(E) brushing up on 
 
 
 
 
50 
TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÕES ESCOLA NAVAL 
Based on the text below, answer the six questions that follow it. 
Any amount of alcohol consumption harmful to the brain, finds study 
UK study of 25,000 people finds even moderate drinking is linked to lower grey matter density 
There is no safe amount of alcohol consumption for the brain, with even “moderate” drinking 
adversely affecting nearly every part of it, a study of more than 25,000 people in the UK has found. 
The study, which is still to be peer-reviewed, suggests that the more alcohol consumed, the lower 
the brain volume. In effect, the more you drink, the worse off your brain. 
“There’s no threshold drinking for harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems 
to be affected – not just specific areas, as previously thought,” said the lead author, Anya Topiwala, 
a senior clinical lecturer at the University of Oxford. 
Using the UK Biobank, a substantial database designed to help researchers decode the genetic 
and environmental factors that lead some people to develop diseases while others do not, 
researchers in this study analysed data from 25,378 participants such as age, sex, education, self-
reported alcohol consumption, brain size and health from MRI scans, information about hospital 
and outpatient visits, and memory tests. 
Higher volume of alcohol consumption per week was associated with lower grey matter density – 
the researchers found, with alcohol explaining up to a 0.8% change in grey matter volume, even 
after accounting for individual biological and behavioural characteristics. 
This might seem like a small figure, but it is a larger contribution than any other modifiable risk 
factors. For example, it is four times the contribution of smoking or BMI, said Topiwala. 
Widespread negative associations were also seen between alcohol consumption and integrity of 
white matter, the brain fibres that scaffold the billions of neurons that make up grey matter. In 
addition, an individual’s underlying conditions such as high blood pressure and high BMI made the 
negative association between alcohol and brain health stronger, the researchers found. 
Contrary to previous research that suggested there is a benefit to drinking wine in moderation 
compared with beer or spirits, the study found no evidence to suggest alcoholic beverage type 
conferred differences in risks to the brain. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/may/18/any-amount-of-alcohol-consumption-harmful-to-the-brain-finds-study) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Consumption of small amounts of alcohol is safe and beneficial to the brain 
(B) Brain volume increases with increasing alcohol consumption 
(C) Alcohol consumption, even in large quantities, affects only some parts of the brain 
(D) There is a minimum limit of alcohol consumption so that it can cause damage to health 
(E) Moderate alcohol consumption affects a good part of the brain 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 02 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – What’s the meaning of the word “threshold” in 
paragraph 3? 
(A) Conclusion 
(B) Brink 
(C) End 
(D) Point 
(E) Disadvantage 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In paragraph 1, the word “it” refers to 
(A) Moderate drinking 
(B) Alcohol consumption 
(C) Study 
(D) Brain 
(E) UK 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option completes the 
sentence below correctly? 
Alcohol consumption __________ to affect only some parts of the brain 
(A) Was thought 
(B) Is thought 
(C) Has been thought 
(D) Will be thought 
(E) Is being thought 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Smoking is what most negatively affectsthe brain 
(B) Consuming more alcohol means increasing brain density 
(C) The study presented in the text was based on data analysis 
(D) An individual's underlying conditions do not interfere with the health impact of alcohol 
(E) There are certain types of alcoholic beverages that affect the brain 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 06 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – What’s the meaning of the word “previous” in 
paragraph 8? 
(A) Prior 
(B) First 
(C) Current 
(D) Future 
(E) Timely 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below? 
“___ Covid-19 crisis has been difficult on people across the globe, including India. In the past few 
days there has been intense discussion ___ the decision of our government and Indian vaccine 
manufacturers, including SII, ___ export vaccines”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/19/poorer-countries-face-long-delays-receiving-covid-vaccines) 
 
(A) X / on / to 
(B) The / in / to 
(C) The / on / at 
(D) X / on / at 
(E) The / on / to 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which option completes the dialogue below correctly? 
Ed: _____ at the party yesterday? 
Jack: Yes, didn't you see me? 
(A) Was you 
(B) Did you go 
(C) Were you 
(D) Do you go 
(E) You were 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below? 
“A few weeks ago, I __________ my first shot of a vaccine against Covid-19. As the newly 
vaccinated exited the clinic, there was a mix of relief and elation on people’s faces. We exchanged 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
little smiles of solidarity. If we could have burst into spontaneous applause, I __________ sure we 
would have done”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/17/animals-overlooked-allies-fight-against-covid-vaccines) 
 
(A) Received / am 
(B) Received / was 
(C) Receive / am 
(D) Receive / was 
(E) Received / will be 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which word best completes the question below? 
How _______ hours does it take to walk around the entire city? 
(A) Much 
(B) Many 
(C) Often 
(D) Very 
(E) Lot of 
 
QUESTÕES EsPCEx 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 01, 02 e 03 
Can New Zealand's tourism industry make a sustainable return? 
New Zealand is hopeful that a recently opened travel bubble with Australia will rekindle its 
pandemic-battered tourism industry. However, many are also seeing an opportunity to rethink 
how to make the sector more climate friendly. 
New Zealand's Queenstown - __________ (1) popular tourist spot - is throbbing with activity. 
"To see and hear all the boats and the screaming and the complete joy… it puts a smile on all of 
our faces," said Jolanda Cave, the general manager at Shotover Jet - one of the most established 
adventure companies there. 
It's a busy time __________ (2) the company, named after the river, where for more than half a 
decade, boats have been whizzing, spinning and splashing to the delight of tourists. 
But even so, the numbers it is seeing are a fraction of what it was used to before the pandemic 
closed the country's borders. It used to operate eight boat rides an hour. Sometimes, that was 
down to just one. 
"It's been real eye opener for us to go from 1,200 (visitors) a day to 200 a day," Ms Cave said. 
Like many tourism operators across New Zealand Ms Cave is excited about the recently opened 
travel bubble with Australia, its biggest market. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
"It's given people hope. Australians represent a huge part of our business. (The bubble) will mean 
that we will see some growth. I think a lot of Queenstown will," she says. 
In 2019, international tourism was worth $12.6bn (£9bn) in total, __________ (3) Australians 
contributing $1.94bn. 
Between 1.18 and 1.5 million Australians came to New Zealand annually, accounting for 40% of 
the country's overseas visitors. 
Those numbers dropped to zero when New Zealand closed its borders. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56967636) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to 
respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) 
A) A, at, with 
B) An, for, with 
C) A, at, in 
D) An, for, in 
E) A, for, with 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – According to the text, is correct to state that 
A) Despite being agitated, the Shotover jet routine was much more intense before the pandemic 
B) New Zealand recently closed its borders with Australia 
C) The opening of borders with Australia still represents a small part of the return to New 
Zealand's tourist routine 
D) Australians account for more than half of New Zealand tourists 
E) New Zealand did not close its borders during the pandemic 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “To see and hear all the boats and the 
screaming and the complete joy… it puts a smile on all of our faces” (paragraph 2), the word joy 
means 
A) Melancholy 
B) Happiness 
C) Sorrow 
D) Courage 
E) Calm 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 04, 05 e 06 
Rich countries close their eyes to the global Covid surge at their own peril 
The pandemic’s death toll is now being felt most gravely in developing nations. This virus is not done yet 
Is there one pandemic, or two? That ___ (1) a question being asked a year ago, when wealthy 
countries accounting for only 15% of the global population had 80% of the Covid deaths. Could it 
be that the rich world was more vulnerable, somehow, because its populations ___ (2) older, or 
more individualistic, or had forgotten to be scared of infectious disease? 
Even then, some were warning that the worst was yet to come, once the disease took hold in 
poorer countries. World Bank analysts Philip Schellekens and Diego Sourrouille, for example, 
predicted a “massive shift” in disease burden to the developing world. Just in terms of 
demography, they said, you’d expect those countries to account for around 70% of deaths. 
As things stand they account for a little over half of it, which is probably an underestimate due to 
variations in data quality – and the pandemic is far from over. 
Last week saw more than 5.8 million new cases of Covid globally, the highest number yet. More 
than 3 million people have now died from Covid, according to the World Health Organization 
(WHO), which also reports that infections and hospitalisations in those aged at 25 to 59 ___ (3) 
increasing an alarming rate. “It took nine months to reach 1 million deaths, four months to reach 
2 million, and three months to reach 3 million,” WHO director general, Tedros Adhanom 
Ghebreyesus, said last week. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/27/rich-countries-covid-pandemic-death-developing-nations) 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “Could it be that the rich world was more 
vulnerable, somehow, because its populations were older, or more individualistic, or had 
forgotten to be scared of infectious disease?” (paragraph 1), the word scared means 
A) Bold 
B) Cautious 
C) Brave 
D) Afraid 
E) Partial 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the alternative containing the correct verb forms to 
complete the gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 1, 1 and 3 respectively 
A) Is, was, are 
B) Was, were, are 
C) Is, were, are 
D) Was, was, are 
E) Was, were, were 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 06 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – According tothe text, choose the correct statement 
The COVID-19 pandemic has always affected all countries homogeneously 
A) Wealthier countries were affected first by the pandemic because of their greater vulnerability 
B) At the beginning of the pandemic, some people believed that the worst would come with the 
involvement of 
C) COVID-19 in poor countries 
D) After about a year, the end of the pandemic is near 
E) Last week, there were drops in the rates of coronavirus infections 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 07, 08 e 09 
(Título omitido propositalmente) 
The panel, set up by the World Health Organization, said the combined response of the WHO and 
global governments was a "toxic cocktail". 
The WHO should have declared a global emergency earlier than it did, its report said, adding that 
without urgent change the world was vulnerable to another major disease outbreak. 
More than 3.3 million people around the world have now died of Covid. 
While the US and Europe are beginning to ease restrictions and resume some aspects of pre-
pandemic life, the virus is still devastating parts of Asia. 
India in particular is seeing record-breaking numbers of new cases and deaths, with severe oxygen 
shortages in hospitals across the country. 
Countries neighbouring India, such as Nepal, are also seeing surges of the virus. 
What did the report say? 
Covid-19: Make it the Last Pandemic, was compiled by the Independent Panel for Pandemic 
Preparedness and Response. 
Its aim was to find answers as to how the virus had killed more than 3.3 million people and infected 
more than 159 million. 
"The situation we find ourselves in today could have been prevented," co-chair Ellen Johnson 
Sirleaf, a former president of Liberia, told reporters. 
"It is due to a myriad of failures, gaps and delays in preparedness and response." 
The panel argued that the WHO's Emergency Committee should have declared the outbreak in 
China an international emergency a week earlier than it did. 
It should have done so at its first meeting on 22 January last year, the report said, instead of waiting 
until 30 January. 
The month following the WHO's declaration was "lost" as countries failed to take appropriate 
measures to halt the spread of the virus. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
The WHO was then hindered by its own regulations that travel restrictions should be a last resort, 
the panel said, adding that Europe and the US wasted the entire month of February and acted 
only when their hospitals began to fill up. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57085505) 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the most appropriate title for the text 
A) Covid-19 pandemic was preventable, report says 
B) The return to the pre-pandemic routine in the USA and Europe 
C) More recent data shows an increase in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 
D) Why is Covid-19 more intense in poorer countries? 
E) Why the pandemic has intensified socioeconomic inequalities around the world 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – What kind of text is this? 
A) Letter 
B) Essay 
C) Opinion article 
D) Textbook 
E) News report 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “The WHO was then hindered by its own 
regulations that travel restrictions should be a last resort…” (paragraph 14), the word hindered 
means 
A) Encouraged 
B) Burdened 
C) Approved 
D) Neutralized 
E) Supported 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão 10 
Teens Aged 12 to 15 Can Now Get Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in the U.S. 
___ (1) May 10, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) extended authorization of the Pfizer-
BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to 12- to 15-year-olds. It’s the first COVID-19 shot authorized for this 
younger population. 
“I cannot tell you how many people have been anxiously awaiting this day to get their kids 
vaccinated,” says Dr. Flor Munoz, a pediatric infectious disease specialist ___ (2) Texas Children’s 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, and a member of the infectious disease committee of 
the American Academy of Pediatrics. 
The green light was based on review of data the two companies released in March showing that 
two doses of their vaccine provided similar protection from COVID-19 disease among this age 
group as it did for adults. Among the more than 2,200 teens in the study group the FDA reviewed, 
16 developed COVID-19—none of them were in the vaccinated group. 
The companies’ studies found that levels of virus-fighting antibodies were on average higher 
among the 12- to 15-year-olds that got the vaccine than among vaccinated 16- to 25-year-olds in 
previous studies. 
“This is part of the totality of getting our country protected against COVID-19, which is just waiting 
around ___ (3) corner to come have another wave if we don’t get a sufficient degree of 
vaccination,” said Dr. Peter Marks, director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at 
the FDA, during a briefing discussing the decision. 
The authorization was based on a so-called “bridging” study, in which researchers used data from 
the previous study in adults to set thresholds for safety and efficacy. Building off of the success of 
the adult studies enabled the scientists to enroll some 2,000 12- to 15-year-olds, rather than the 
tens of thousands of adults that the earlier studies required. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/6047384/teens-pfizer-covid-vaccine/) 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to 
complete the gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 respectively 
A) In, at, X 
B) On, in, the 
C) On, in, X 
D) On, at, the 
E) In, at, the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
GABARITO 
GABARITO ESA 
01 – A 02 – C 03 – E 04 – B 05 – A 
 
GABARITO EPCAR 
01 – D 02 – B 03 – C 04 – B 05 – A 
 
GABARITO EFOMM 
01 – A 02 – B 03 – E 04 – A 05 – C 
06 – A 07 – D 08 – A 09 – E 10 – B 
 
GABARITO EEAR 
01 – A 02 – C 03 – D 04 – A 05 – C 
06 – C 07 – E 08 – B 09 – E 10 – B 
 
GABARITO EAM 
01 – D 02 – E 03 – A 04 – C 05 – C 
06 – A 07 – B 08 – B 09 – D 10 – E 
 
GABARITO COLÉGIO NAVAL 
01 – A 02 – C 03 – D 04 – E 05 – B 
06 – B 07 – C 08 – D 09 – E 10 – A 
 
GABARITO AFA 
01 – A 02 – B 03 – D 04 – A 05 – D 
06 – D 07 – A 08 – B 09 – C 10 – E 
 
GABARITO ESCOLA NAVAL 
01 – E 02 – B 03 – D 04 – A 05 – C 
06 – A 07 – E 08 – C 09 – A 10 – B 
 
GABARITO EsPCEx 
01 – E 02 – A 03 – B 04 – D 05 – B 
06 – C 07 – A 08 – E 09 – B 10 – D 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÕES COMENTADAS 
QUESTÕES ESA 
Read the text and answer questions 01, 02 and 03 
Children who ate ‘cannabis sweets’ risked serious harm, say Surrey police 
Investigation begins after two boys, 12 and 13, and a girl, 12, were taken to hospital after falling unconscious 
Four children who were taken to hospital after eating sweets they thought contained cannabis 
are not believed to have suffered long-term effects, police have said. 
The youngsters were found vomiting uncontrollably and falling in and out of consciousness on 
Saturday afternoon on Pound Lane in Epsom, according to Surrey police. A 12-year-old girl, 12-
year-old boy and 13-year-old boy were taken to hospital by the South East Coast ambulance 
service and are lucky not to have been more seriously affected by whatever they ate, the police 
said. 
They suffered “a violent reaction from eating the jelly sweets that they believed containedcannabis”, police said. 
Another 12-year-old boy was taken to hospital by his family because he was also believed to have 
eaten the sweets. 
One of the 12-year-old boys was discharged from hospital late on Saturday and the other three 
were expected to leave on Sunday. The source of the sweets is still being investigated and police 
do not have a clear idea of what they look like, although a similar report from Friday night involved 
“jelly apple rings” which look like green jelly circles. 
DS Lisa Betchley said: “These children were incredibly lucky that they were not more seriously 
affected by whatever it was that they ate – and this is thanks, in great part, to the prompt actions 
of two medical students who happened to be nearby and assisted in the early stages, as well as 
the South East Coast ambulance service and hospital staff for their rapid response and treatment. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/02/children-who-ate-cannabis-sweets-risked-serious-harm-say-surrey-police) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (ESA/INÉDITA) – Concerning the information in the text, is correct to state that 
(A) The impacts caused by the food eaten by the children are likely to be short-term 
(B) The children's symptoms were severe headaches and nausea 
(C) The content of the sweets is still completely unknown 
(D) What happened to the children reached the worst possible scenario 
(E) The children were saved, mainly, by the small amount of toxic food ingested 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que os 
impactos causados pelos alimentos ingeridos pelas crianças são provavelmente de curto prazo, 
assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Four children who were 
taken to hospital after eating sweets they thought contained cannabis are not believed to have 
suffered long-term effects…”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os sintomas das 
crianças eram fortes dores de cabeça e náuseas, mas sim, que eram vômitos intensos e perda de 
consciência. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The youngsters were found vomiting 
uncontrollably and falling in and out of consciousness on Saturday afternoon on Pound Lane in 
Epsom, according to Surrey police”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o conteúdo dos 
doces ainda é completamente desconhecido, mas sim, que é possível que tivesse maconha na 
composição. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Four children who were taken to hospital 
after eating sweets they thought contained cannabis are not believed to have suffered long-term 
effects…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o que aconteceu 
com as crianças atingiu o pior cenário possível, mas sim, que elas tiveram sorte de não ter sido 
pior. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “These children were incredibly lucky that they were 
not more seriously affected by whatever it was that they ate…”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que as crianças foram 
salvas, principalmente, pela pequena quantidade de alimentos tóxicos ingeridos, mas sim, que foi 
principalmente pelo trabalho dos outros. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...and this is 
thanks, in great part, to the prompt actions of two medical students who happened to be nearby 
and assisted in the early stages, as well as the South East Coast ambulance service and hospital 
staff for their rapid response and treatment”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (ESA/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “One of the 12-year-old boys was discharged 
from hospital late on Saturday and the other three were expected to leave on Sunday” 
(paragraph 4), the word “discharged” means 
(A) Accomplished 
(B) Done 
(C) Dismissed 
(D) Retired 
(E) Hospitalized 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “discharged” significa dispensado e não 
pode ser comparada com a palavra “accomplished”, que significa realizado. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “discharged” significa dispensado e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “done”, que significa feito. 
A alternativa C está correta. A palavra “discharged” significa dispensado e pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “dismissed”, que significa dispensado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “discharged” significa dispensado e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “retired”, que significa aposentado. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “discharged” significa dispensado e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “hospitalized”, que significa internado/hospitalizado. 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (ESA/INÉDITA) – The words ATE and WERE are 
(A) Regular verbs 
(B) Not verbs 
(C) Modal verbs 
(D) From different grammatical classes 
(E) Irregular verbs 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. As palavras “ate” (comeram) e “were” (foram) não 
são verbos regulares, mas sim, verbos irregulares por terem sua forma passada única sem seguir 
o sufixo -ed. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. As palavras “ate” (comeram) e “were” (foram) são verbos 
irregulares por terem sua forma passada única sem seguir o sufixo -ed. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. As palavras “ate” (comeram) e “were” (foram) não são verbos 
modais, mas sim, verbos irregulares por terem sua forma passada única sem seguir o sufixo -ed. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. As palavras “ate” (comeram) e “were” (foram) não são de 
diferentes classes gramaticais, mas sim, ambos verbos irregulares por terem sua forma passada 
única sem seguir o sufixo -ed. 
A alternativa E está correta. As palavras “ate” (comeram) e “were” (foram) são verbos irregulares 
por terem sua forma passada única sem seguir o sufixo -ed, assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Read the text and answer questions 04 and 05 
Will Covid-19 vaccines reduce virus transmission? 
Vaccinated people can still get infected, but they are less likely to pass it on 
There are two ways that getting vaccinated can slow the spread of the virus. First, _______ (1) 
can help prevent you getting infected. Second, even if you are unlucky and catch the virus, it may 
reduce the risk of passing it on. It is crucial to understand how big these benefits are. 
Two huge new studies have taken advantage of the successful UK vaccine rollout. An Oxford-ONS 
analysis _______ (2) more than 370,000 survey participants found infections were reduced by 
65% after a single dose. For protection against the virus, one dose was similar _______ (3) having 
had a prior infection. There was no major difference between the two available vaccines. 
Curiously, infection rates were lower up to three weeks before the jab. Did the virus have magical 
pre-cognition and keep away? More plausible is the idea of “reverse causation”. People can have 
the vaccination only if they have not tested positive or shown recent symptoms, so it is inevitable 
 
 
 
 
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there were fewer recorded infections before vaccinations took place. Statistics can be tricky 
things. 
Most important, the studies showed that if you are infected after vaccination, it tends to be much 
milder, both in terms of self-reported symptoms and viral load. 
If vaccinated people develop a weaker infection, then they might be less likely to pass on the virus. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/may/02/vaccinated-people-less-likely-to-pass-covid-on) 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (ESA/INÉDITA) – Concerning the information in the text, is correct to say that 
(A) The vaccine completely prevents the organismfrom being infected by the virus 
(B) Vaccines have the potential to significantly reduce the rate of virus infection 
(C) The first dose of the vaccine starts to take effect when the second dose is applied 
(D) The two vaccines studied and cited in the text had significant differences in their results 
(E) The drop in the rate of infections in the period prior to vaccine doses occurred by pure 
coincidence 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a 
vacina evita completamente que o organismo seja infectado pelo vírus, mas sim, que previne a 
infecção, não impede. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There are two ways that getting 
vaccinated can slow the spread of the virus. First, it can help prevent you getting infected…”. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que as vacinas têm o 
potencial de reduzir significativamente a taxa de infecção do vírus, assim como esta opção indica. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There are two ways that getting vaccinated can slow the 
spread of the virus. First, it can help prevent you getting infected. Second, even if you are unlucky 
and catch the virus, it may reduce the risk of passing it on”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a primeira dose 
da vacina começa a fazer efeito quando a segunda dose é aplicada, mas sim, que as infecções 
diminuíram 65% em voluntários após a primeira dose. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “An 
Oxford-ONS analysis of more than 370,000 survey participants found infections were reduced by 
65% after a single dose”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que as duas vacinas 
estudadas e citadas no texto tiveram diferenças significativas em seus resultados, mas sim, que 
não houve grandes diferenças entre as duas vacinas. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho 
“There was no major difference between the two available vaccines”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a queda na taxa 
de infecções no período anterior às doses da vacina ocorreu por pura coincidência, mas sim, que 
provavelmente havia um motivo. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “More plausible is the 
idea of “reverse causation”. People can have the vaccination only if they have not tested positive 
or shown recent symptoms, so it is inevitable there were fewer recorded infections before 
vaccinations took place”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 05 (ESA/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “Did the virus have magical precognition and 
keep away? More plausible is the idea of ‘reverse causation’” (paragraph 3), the word 
“plausible” means 
(A) Reasonable 
(B) Improbable 
(C) Irrational 
(D) Partial 
(E) Impartial 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “plausible” significa plausível e pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “reasonable”, que significa razoável. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “plausible” significa plausível e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “improbable”, que significa improvável. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “plausible” significa plausível e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “irrational”, que significa irracional. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “plausible” significa plausível e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “partial”, que significa parcial. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “plausible” significa plausível e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “impartial”, que significa imparcial. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÕES EPCAR 
Directions: Answer questions 01 to 05 according to TEXT 
Why We Must Improve Vaccine Manufacturing Before the Next Pandemic 
It should worry everyone that experts surveyed by TIME regarded both increasing funding in a 
post-COVID-19 world for vaccine development and scaling up of manufacturing capacity 
feasible—but improving equitable vaccine distribution was not. 
To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place. The good news is, all these 
elements are feasible, and indeed starting to work today. 
On vaccine R&D, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), was set up with the 
precise purpose of identifying and investing in R&D for vaccines against emerging infectious 
diseases with epidemic potential. So, when it came to COVID-19, with CEPI’s and other R&D 
support, as well as industry engagement, the scientific and vaccine manufacturing community 
rallied, producing the first safe and effective vaccine in record time—just 327 days. Today we have 
not just one but 15 in widespread use. 
Increased investment now could get us there even faster the next time, particularly given the 
potential of the relatively new RNA vaccine technologies that have proved so effective with 
COVID-19. These plug-and-play vaccine technologies not only make it possible to identify and 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
develop antigens rapidly, but much of the regulatory testing and approval can be done in advance, 
even before we know what the threat is. 
As for manufacturing, it may be difficult to immediately discern when there are severe supply 
shortages, but the world has actually rapidly built up manufacturing capacity during COVID-19. 
Waiving intellectual property has been talked about a lot as a potential solution for boosting 
production. But the growth we have seen in the past year has been achieved through technology 
transfers, where both the intellectual property and the vital know-how needed to make vaccines 
is shared between manufacturers. 
However, we need to do more. Given the extremely large number of doses needed during a 
pandemic, export bans of vaccines and essential components and supply bottlenecks have led to 
a vaccine divide. Currently, more than a third of adults in high-income countries have now been 
vaccinated, while less than 1% of those in low-income countries have had their first jab. 
To prevent this kind of scenario from happening the next time round and ensure that those most 
at risk are prioritized wherever they are, it is not distribution channels we are lacking, but global 
manufacturing capacity. We already have highly effective distribution channels, through COVAX 
and its partners, and we already have access to doses, enough to protect 1.8 billion people in 
lower-income economies by early next year, enough to protect almost 30% of people in these 
countries. 
But through investments now to increase global manufacturing capacity, particularly in emerging 
economies, and support of technology transfers, the next time a pandemic strikes we can get 
there sooner. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/6072101/improve-vaccine-manufacturing/) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that can replace the word “improve” in the 
title without changing its meaning 
A) Blow 
B) Help 
C) Recuperate 
D) Enhance 
Comentário: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “improve” significa “melhorar” e não pode 
ser substituída pela palavra “blow”, que significa “explodir”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “improve” significa “melhorar” e não pode ser substituída 
pela palavra “help”, que significa “ajudar”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “improve” significa “melhorar” e não pode ser substituída 
pela palavra “recuperate”, que significa “recuperar”. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “improve” significa “melhorar” e pode ser substituída pela 
palavra “enhance”, que significa “aprimorar”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO02 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – We can deduce from the first paragraph that 
A) Experts do not believe that increasing manufacturing capacity is feasible 
B) Improving an equitable distribution of vaccines should be considered feasible 
C) Investment in vaccine development is not appropriate in the post-pandemic world 
D) There was an equitable distribution of vaccines in the COVID-19 pandemic 
Comentário: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, não se pode 
deduzir que os especialistas não acreditam que o aumento da capacidade de fabricação seja 
viável, mas sim, que eles acreditam que é viável. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...experts 
surveyed by TIME regarded … scaling up of manufacturing capacity feasible…”. 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, pode-se deduzir que melhorar 
uma distribuição equitativa de vacinas deve ser considerado viável, assim como esta opção indica. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “It should worry everyone that experts surveyed by TIME 
regarded both increasing … and scaling up of manufacturing capacity feasible—but improving 
equitable vaccine distribution was not”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, não se pode deduzir que o 
investimento no desenvolvimento de vacinas não é apropriado no mundo pós-pandêmico, mas 
sim, que os especialistas consideram isso viável, ou seja, também é apropriado. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “...experts surveyed by TIME regarded both increasing funding in a post-
COVID-19 world for vaccine development and scaling up of manufacturing capacity feasible…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, não se pode deduzir que 
houve uma distribuição equitativa de vacinas na pandemia de COVID-19, pois o parágrafo nos 
insinua que não houve essa distribuição. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “It should worry 
everyone that experts surveyed by TIME regarded both increasing … and scaling up of 
manufacturing capacity feasible—but improving equitable vaccine distribution was not”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the option with the suitable question to answer the 
underlined fragment below 
“To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place”. 
A) How will mass vaccination work in a possible next pandemic? 
B) How can the next pandemic occur? 
C) What can be done to stop a possible next pandemic from going forward? 
D) What are the advantages of vaccination? 
Comentário: A alternativa A está incorreta. A frase “Para impedir a próxima pandemia em 
andamento, precisamos garantir que as pessoas em todo o mundo sejam protegidas 
rapidamente” não responde à pergunta “Como funcionará a vacinação em massa em uma possível 
próxima pandemia?”, mas sim, à pergunta “O que pode ser feito para impedir o avanço de uma 
possível próxima pandemia?”. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A frase “Para impedir a próxima pandemia em andamento, 
precisamos garantir que as pessoas em todo o mundo sejam protegidas rapidamente” não 
responde à pergunta “Como pode ocorrer a próxima pandemia?”, mas sim, à pergunta “O que 
pode ser feito para impedir o avanço de uma possível próxima pandemia?”. 
A alternativa C está correta. A frase “Para impedir a próxima pandemia em andamento, 
precisamos garantir que as pessoas em todo o mundo sejam protegidas rapidamente” responde 
à pergunta “O que pode ser feito para impedir o avanço de uma possível próxima pandemia?”, 
assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A frase “Para impedir a próxima pandemia em andamento, 
precisamos garantir que as pessoas em todo o mundo sejam protegidas rapidamente” não 
responde à pergunta “Quais são as vantagens da vacinação?”, mas sim, à pergunta “O que pode 
ser feito para impedir o avanço de uma possível próxima pandemia?”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that can replace the underlined word keeping 
the same meaning 
“To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place”. 
A) Exclude 
B) Encompass 
C) Indeed 
D) Rid 
Comentário: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “entail” significa implicar e não pode ser 
substituída pela palavra “exclude”, que significa excluir. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “entail” significa implicar e pode ser substituída pela palavra 
“encompass”, que significa englobar. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “entail” significa implicar e não pode ser substituída pela 
palavra “indeed”, que significa de fato. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “entail” significa implicar e não pode ser substituída pela 
palavra “rid”, que significa livrar/livrar-se. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EPCAR/INÉDITA) – Mark the alternative that can answer the question below 
according to the text 
How was the COVID-19 vaccine development process? 
A) It was unusually fast and effective 
B) It was fast, like all vaccine development 
C) It was time-consuming but effective 
D) It was time-consuming and ineffective 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentário: A alternativa A está correta. A pergunta “Como foi o processo de desenvolvimento 
da vacina COVID-19?” é bem respondida com “Foi excepcionalmente rápido e eficaz”, assim como 
esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...producing the first safe and effective 
vaccine in record time—just 327 days”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A pergunta “Como foi o processo de desenvolvimento da vacina 
COVID-19?” não é bem respondida com “Foi rápido, como todo desenvolvimento de vacina”, mas 
sim, com “Foi excepcionalmente rápido e eficaz”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho 
“...producing the first safe and effective vaccine in record time—just 327 days”. 
respondida com “Foi demorado, mas eficaz”, mas sim, com “Foi excepcionalmente rápido e 
eficaz”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...producing the first safe and effective vaccine in 
record time—just 327 days”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A pergunta “Como foi o processo de desenvolvimento da vacina 
COVID-19?” não é bem respondida com “Foi demorado e ineficaz”, mas sim, com “Foi 
excepcionalmente rápido e eficaz”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...producing the first 
safe and effective vaccine in record time—just 327 days”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÕES EFOMM 
Online school to continue into next academic year amid risk of further disruption 
A virtual school will stay open for at least most of the next academic year amid a rise in the number 
of pupils selfisolating. 
Oak National Academy has been used by pupils and teachers to support remote learning - which 
has taken place during lockdowns and - during the Covid pandemic. 
The Reach Foundation, which the school is part of, said it will keep operating at no cost for at least 
the next two terms. 
The charity said this will help teachers to plan for the start of the next academic year by being 
able to access Oak National Academy’s online lessons and learning resources. 
The announcement comes against a backdrop of rising Covid infections in the UK and the large 
numbers of children self-isolating as the school year drew to a close. 
More than one million children were out of school last week due to Covid-related reasons - such 
as a positive test, suspected Covid case or being told to isolate - just before schools broke up for 
the summer holiday. 
In the final weeks of term, over 300,000 pupils used Oak National Academy’s online learning 
lessons and resources. 
Schools are already considering what measuresthey may need to put in place should pupils test 
positive, or they are asked to self-isolate in the next academic year. 
The extension of the virtual school into the autumn and spring terms is backed by £2.1m in funding 
from the Department for Education (DfE). 
Ed Vainker from the Reach Foundation - which has incubated Oak since its launch - said the charity 
understood teachers wanted the online school to continue. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
“We are also mindful that Covid-19 will be with us in some form for the foreseeable future, and 
the autumn and winter may bring further disruption,” the chief executive said. 
“I’m therefore pleased the DfE will continue to support Oak, so it remains open and free as part 
of resilience planning for the next two terms.” 
Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said: “From being set up by a small group of teachers in under 
two weeks, Oak National Academy has become one of the great success stories as we tackle the 
pandemic.” 
He said the online school helped millions of pupils and teachers while most children were not 
allowed to set foot in school during a lockdown last spring and one at the start of this year. 
But even since after all students were allowed back on since in March, Oak National Academy said 
30,000 teachers have used its services a week, with demand rising amid the spread of the Delta 
variant. 
“The impact Oak has made and the good it has done for the sector and children is immeasurable, 
and we will now look for the best way to harness that for the future,” Mr Gibb added. 
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/uk-online-school-two-terms-b1888491.html 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In the extract from the text: “The announcement comes 
against a backdrop of rising Covid infections in the UK [...]” (paragraph 5). The word in bold is 
closest in meaning to 
A) Scenery 
B) Decrease 
C) Increase 
D) Scene 
E) View 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “backdrop” significa “cenário” e pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “scenery”, que significa “cenário”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “backdrop” significa “cenário” e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “decrease”, que significa “diminuição”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “backdrop” significa “cenário” e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “increase”, que significa “aumento”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “backdrop” significa “cenário” e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “scene”, que significa “cena”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “backdrop” significa “cenário” e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “view”, que significa “vista”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 02 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In the extract from the text: “We are also mindful that Covid-
19 will be with us in some form for the foreseeable future, and the autumn and winter may 
bring further disruption” (paragraph 12), the verb “to bring” means 
A) To refuse 
B) To carry 
C) To hold 
D) To serve 
E) To consider 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. O verbo “to bring” significa “trazer” e não pode ser 
comparado ao verbo “to refuse”, que significa “recusar”. 
A alternativa B está correta. O verbo “to bring” significa “trazer” e pode ser comparado ao verbo 
“to carry”, que significa “carregar/trazer”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O verbo “to bring” significa “trazer” e não pode ser comparado ao 
verbo “to hold”, que significa “segurar”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O verbo “to bring” significa “trazer” e não pode ser comparado ao 
verbo “to serve”, que significa “servir”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O verbo “to bring” significa “trazer” e não pode ser comparado ao 
verbo “to consider”, que significa “considerar”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – What is true according to the text? 
A) Despite the increase in the number of self-isolated students, a virtual school has decided to 
close its doors 
B) Oak National Academy lost its popularity during the period of social isolation resulting from 
the Covid-19 pandemic 
C) More than a million students were out of school last week because of the summer break 
D) The next school year will not need to have protective measures against Covid-19 
E) Given the pandemic conditions, Oak will continue to act as a great help to students and 
teachers 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que 
apesar do aumento do número de alunos isolados, uma escola virtual decidiu fechar suas portas, 
mas sim, que uma escola virtual vai continuar aberta. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “A 
virtual school will stay open for at least most of the next academic year amid a rise in the number 
of pupils self-isolating”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que Oak National 
Academy perdeu sua popularidade durante o período de isolamento social resultante da 
pandemia Covid-19, mas sim, que ela tem sido muito usada por estudantes e professores para 
ajudar no ensino remoto, ou seja, ganhou popularidade. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho 
“Oak National Academy has been used by pupils and teachers to support remote learning - which 
has taken place during lockdowns and - during the Covid pandemic”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que mais de um 
milhão de alunos estiveram fora da escola na semana passada por causa das férias de verão, mas 
sim, que esses alunos estiveram fora por conta de razões relacionadas à Covid-19, isso logo antes 
das férias de verão. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “More than one million children were 
out of school last week due to Covid-related reasons … just before schools broke up for the 
summer holiday”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o próximo ano 
letivo não precisará ter medidas de proteção contra Covid-19, mas sim, que é possível que sejam 
necessárias. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Schools are already considering what 
measures they may need to put in place should pupils test positive, or they are asked to self-
isolate in the next academic year”. 
A alternativa E está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que dadas as condições 
pandêmicas, Oak continuará a atuar como uma grande ajuda para alunos e professores, assim 
como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...it will keep operating at no 
cost for at least the next two terms … this will help teachers to plan for the start of the next 
academic year by being able to access Oak National Academy’s online lessons and learning 
resources”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In the extract from the text: “[…] which has incubated Oak 
since its launch […] (paragraph 10), the word “which” refers to 
A) Reach foundation 
B) Oak 
C) Ed Vainker 
D) Teachers 
E) Department for Education 
Comentários: A palavra “which” em “Ed Vainker da Reach Foundation - que incubou Oak desde 
seu lançamento - disse que a instituição de caridade entendeu que os professores queriam que a 
escola online continuasse” se refere à Reach Foundation, citada anteriormente na frase. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Read the text below to answer question 05: 
Cannabis part of the future says tobacco giant 
The UK's largest tobacco firm says it __________ cannabis as part of its future as it tries to move 
away from selling traditional cigarettes. British American Tobaccosaid it wanted to "accelerate" 
its transformation by reducing the health impact of its products. 
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57995285 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Fill in the blank with the suitable verb 
A) Is seeing 
B) Saw 
C) Sees 
D) Was seeing 
E) Will see 
Comentários: A lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to see” (ver) no simple present 
referindo-se ao pronome “it”, ou seja, “sees” (vê); indo de acordo com o tempo verbal do resto 
da frase: “A maior empresa de tabaco do Reino Unido diz que vê a cannabis como parte de seu 
futuro, enquanto tenta deixar de vender cigarros tradicionais”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read the text below to answer questions 06 and 07: 
A Belgian chocolate company is now ____ 3D printers which allow the company to create more 
intricate, difficultto-mould chocolates. The chocolates are intended for people who seek original 
designs. 
The chocolate is melted before _____ poured into a syringe which is attached to the printer and 
since the chocolates are hard to transport, the company _____ to open other shops around the 
world. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/chocolate-3d-printing-level-3/ 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct way to complete the text above? 
A) Using / being / hopes 
B) Uses / being / hoped 
C) Uses / being / is hoping 
D) Using / being / was hoping 
E) Using / being / had hoped 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to use” (usar) no present 
continuous “is [now] using”, indo de acordo com o tempo verbal indicado anteriormente na frase. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to be” (ser/estar) no present participle 
“being” (ser), ou seja, “O chocolate é derretido antes de ser colocado em uma seringa...”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to hope” (esperar) no simple present “hopes” 
(espera), ou seja, “...a empresa espera abrir outras lojas ao redor do mundo”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In “…which allow the company to create more intricate…”, 
the word in bold means 
A) Hard 
B) Intriguing 
C) Fancy 
D) Complex 
E) Perplexing 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “intricate” significa “intrincado/complexo” 
e não pode ser comparada com a palavra “hard”, que significa “difícil/duro”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “intricate” significa “intrincado/complexo” e não pode 
ser comparada com a palavra “intringuing”, que significa “intrigante”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “intricate” significa “intrincado/complexo” e não pode 
ser comparada com a palavra “fancy”, que significa “chique”. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “intricate” significa “intrincado/complexo” e pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “complex”, que significa “complexo”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “intricate” significa “intrincado/complexo” e não pode 
ser comparada com a palavra “perplexing”, que significa “desconcertante”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct way to complete the paragraph below? 
The small town of Pelhrimov in the Czech Republic _______ thousands of strange records and 
hosted a festival to show them off. Some of the records were racing with folding ladders and 
folding pink scarves. The president of the festival _______ that he was happy to have people come 
and understand the ‘essence’ of what the people in this town _______. He wants to show that life 
is more than being on Facebook or sitting at a computer. It is good to do something! 
Adapted from: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/town-has-strange-records-level-3/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A) Holds / said / do 
B) Holds / says / do 
C) Hold / said / do 
D) Holds / said / does 
E) Holds / says / does 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to hold” (segurar) no simple 
present referindo-se ao pronome “it”, ou seja, “holds” (segura/possui); “A pequena cidade de 
Pelhrimov na República Tcheca possui milhares de registros estranhos...”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to say” (dizer) no simple past referindo-se 
ao pronome “he”, ou seja, “said” (disse); “O presidente do festival disse que estava feliz...”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo “to do” (fazer) no simple present referindo-se 
ao pronome “they”, ou seja, “do” (fazem); “...do que as pessoas nesta cidade fazem”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
Read the text below to answer questions 09 and 10: 
Jeff Bezos, _______ richest man ________ __ Earth, visited space on Tuesday. He and three other 
crew members soared about 107 kilometers above the Texas desert aboard his company Blue 
Origin´s New Shepard rocket. 
_______ historic unpiloted sub-orbital flight helped to inaugurate a new era of private commercial 
space tourism. The trip to the edge of space lasted about 10 minutes and 20 seconds, including a 
few minutes of weightlessness. The crew included his brother Mark, Wally Funk, an 82-year-old 
pioneering female aviator, and Oliver Daemen, an 18-year-old Dutch physics student. 
Bezos, who recently stepped down as Amazon´s CEO, thanked employees and customers _______ 
the company that he founded, saying that their hard work and Amazon purchases had made his 
space flight possible. His words sparked criticism, with some politicians saying that Amazon 
abused its market power to hurt small businesses. They also said Bezos should have spent 
_______ money to pay his workers fairly and protect their health. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/the-worlds-richest-man-visits-space-level-3/ 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – Fill in the blank with the suitable prepositions 
A) A / in / a / of / the 
B) The / on / an / of / a 
C) The / in / a / of / the 
D) A / on / a / of / the 
E) The / on / a / of / the 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com a preposição “the” (o), pois está se 
referindo a uma pessoa específica, “...the richest man...”. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com a preposição “on” (na), pois se refere ao homem mais 
rico na Terra. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com a preposição “a” (uma), pois antecede “historic”. 
A quarta lacuna deve ser preenchida com a preposição “of” (da), ou seja, “...agradeceu aos 
funcionários e clientes da empresa que fundou...”. 
A quinta lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” (o), pois se refere à um dinheiro específico. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (EFOMM/INÉDITA) – In “…an 82-year-old pioneering female aviator…”, the 
expression in bold means 
A) The first person in a row 
B) The first person to do something 
C) The last person to do something 
D) The most important person to do something 
E) The least important person to so something 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “pioneering” não significa a primeira 
pessoa em uma fila, mas sim, a primeira pessoa a fazer algo. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “pioneering” significa a primeira pessoa a fazer algo, 
assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “pioneering” não significa a última pessoa a fazer algo, 
mas sim, a primeira pessoa a fazer algo. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A expressão “pioneering” não significa a pessoa mais importante a 
fazer algo, mas sim, a primeira pessoa a fazer algo. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A expressão “pioneering” não significa a pessoa menos importante 
a fazer algo, mas sim, a primeira pessoa a fazer algo. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÕES EEAR 
Read Text I to do questions 01, 02 and 03 based on it. 
Text I 
We must not let hope abandon us, because God, with his love, walkswith us. “I hope, because 
God is beside me”: we can all say this. Each one of us can say: “I hope, I have hope, because God 
walks with me.” He walks and he holds my hand. God does not leave us to ourselves. The Lord 
Jesus has conquered evil and has opened the path of life for us. Let us allow the Lord to teach us 
what it means to hope. ___________, let us listen to the words of Sacred Scripture, beginning 
with the prophet Isaiah, the great messenger of hope. 
By Pope Francis 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 01 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – “We must not let hope abandon us” The underlined modal verb 
expresses the idea of: 
(A) prohibition 
(B) obligation 
(C) possibility 
(D) suggestion 
(E) deduction 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. Must not = prohibition (proibição) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Must até pode ter ideia de obrigação, em alguns casos, mas must 
not é proibição. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Must not não expressa a ideia de possibilidade. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Must not não expressa a ideia de sugestão. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Must até pode ter ideia de dedução, em alguns casos, mas must 
not é proibição. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – The pronoun his, (line 1), is classified as: 
(A) object pronoun 
(B) possessive pronoun 
(C) possessive adjective 
(D) subject pronoun 
(E) reflexive pronoun 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. O pronome “his” não é um object pronoun. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O pronome “his”, em alguns casos, pode ser um possessive 
pronoun, todavia, como ele está ao lado de um substantivo ele é um pronome possessivo adjetivo 
(possessive adjective). 
A alternativa C está correta. Observe que o pronome “his” está ao lado do substantivo “love” e 
portanto ele é um pronome possessivo adjetivo (possessive adjective). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O pronome “his” não é um subject pronoun. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O pronome “his” não é um pronome reflexivo. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 03 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Fill in the blank with the suitable option: 
(A) Besides 
(B) Because 
(C) Although 
(D) Therefore 
(E) However 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. Besides = Além de. Conjunção aditiva. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Because = Porque. Conjunção explicativa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Although = Embora. Conjunção concessiva 
A alternativa D está correta. Therefore = Portanto. Conjunção Conclusiva. “Therefore” é usado 
para expressar a consequência de algo dito anteriormente. “Let us allow the Lord to teach us what 
it means to hope. Therefore, let us listen to the words of Sacred Scripture.” (Vamos permitir que 
o Senhor nos ensine o que significa ter esperança. Portanto, ouçamos as palavras da Sagrada 
Escritura.) 
A alternativa E está incorreta. However = Porém. Conjunção adversativa. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read text II and answer questions 04 and 05 based on it. 
Text II 
 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – What is the main verb tense used in the text above? 
(A) Simple Past 
(B) Past Perfect 
(C) Simple Present 
(D) Past Perfect Continuous 
(E) Present Perfect Continuous 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. There was = havia, was = estava, ate = comeu, chewed 
= mastigou. Todos os verbos citados anteriormente encontram-se no simple past. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal principal utilizado no texto acima é o simple past. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal principal utilizado no texto acima é o simple past. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O tempo verbal principal utilizado no texto acima é o simple past. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O tempo verbal principal utilizado no texto acima é o simple past. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Choose the best alternative according to the dialogue in the 
cartoon 
(A) The boy does not seem irritated by the attitude of his cat and dog. 
(B) According to the boy, Garfield was happy and thin because he had had a good breakfast. 
(C) We can see in the text that the boy was being ironic and he was irritated by the attitude of 
the dog and the cat. 
(D) Garfiel fails to realize that he had done something wrong. 
(E) The dog ate the boy's breakfast while garfield chewed up his slipper. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o cartoon, o garoto estava claramente 
irritado com a atitude do Garfield e do cachorro. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o cartoon, o gato era gordo (“the cat was fat”) e o 
cacho que estava feliz. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o cartoon, o garoto estava sendo irônico ao narrar 
uma suposta história em quadrinhos mas na verdade estava relatando um fato ocorrido e 
mostrava-se irritado com a atitude de Garfield e do cachorro. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. No final do cartoon, Garfield diz que a história parecia familiar, e 
portanto mostrando que tinha noção de que havia feito algo que tinha desagradado o garoto. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o cartoon, Garfield comeu o café da manhã do 
menino e o cachorro é quem rasgou o chinelo dele. 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Choose the option with the correct tag questions for the 
sentences below. 
1) Listen to me, _________________? 
2) Let's go to the movies, _______________? 
3) I’m right, ________________? 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
(A) won’t you / won’t we / aren’t. 
(B) won’t you / shall we / aren’t I. 
(C) will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
(D) will you / won’t we / am I not. 
(E) will you / shan’t we / am I not. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A sequência correta é will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A sequência correta é will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
A alternativa C está correta. A sequência correta é will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
1. Observe que a oração “Listen to me” encontra-se no imperativo e a question tag de verbos no 
imperativo é sempre “will you” 
2. A question tag de “let’s” é sempre “shall we”. 
3. Cuidado com essa opção pois a question tag de “I am” não é “am not I” e sim “aren’t I”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A sequência correta é will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A sequência correta é will you /shall we / aren’t I. 
GABARITO: C 
 
Read text III and answer questions 07 and 08 based on it. 
Text III 
Adele – Someone Like You 
I heard that you're settled down 
That you found a girl and you're married now 
I heard that your dreams came true 
Guess she gave you things, I didn't give to you 
Old friend, why are you so shy? 
Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light 
I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited 
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it 
I had hoped you'd see my face 
And that you'd be reminded that for me, it isn't over 
(Adapted from https://www.letras.mus.br/adele/1778689/) 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 07 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – What is the main verb tense used in the first paragraph of the 
text above? 
(A) Present Perfect. 
(B) Past Perfect. 
(C) Simple Present. 
(D) Past Perfect Continuous. 
(E) Simple Past. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo 
do texto é o simple past. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominanteno primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O tempo verbal predominante no primeiro parágrafo do texto é o 
simple past. 
A alternativa E está correta. “Heard” é o passado do verbo hear (ouvir), “settled down” é o 
passado de settle down (sossegar), “found” é o passado de find (encontrar), “came true” é o 
passado de come true (tornar-se realidade), gave é o passado de give (dar). Todos os verbos 
citados anteriormente estão no simple past. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – In the excerpt “I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited” the 
expression in bold means 
(A) blue as the sky. 
(B) unexpectedly. 
(C) once in a blue moon. 
(D) rarely. 
(E) promptly. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A expressão “out of the blue” não significa blue as 
the sky (azul como o céu). 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “out of the blue” significa aparecer do nada, sem aviso. 
E portanto, é sinônimo de inesperadamente (unexpectedly) 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A expressão “once in a blue moon” significa raramente e portanto, 
não é sinônimo de “out of the blue” que significa inesperadamente. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O advérbio “raraly” (raramente) não é sinônimo de “out of the 
blue” que significa inesperadamente. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O advérbio “promptly” (prontamente) não é sinônimo de “out of 
the blue” que significa inesperadamente. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – Choose the option that contains only uncountable nouns 
(A) beauty, iron, information, newspaper, baggage. 
(B) beauty, bee, information, newspaper, wool. 
(C) song, iron, information, paper, wool. 
(D) song, bee, information, newspaper, baggage. 
(E) beauty, iron, information, paper, wool. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. Newspaper = jornal (contável) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Bee = abelha e Newspaper = jornal (contáveis) 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Song = música (contável). Cuidado, pois o substantivo “music” é 
incontável. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Song = música, Bee = abelha e Newspaper = jornal (contáveis) 
A alternativa E está correta. Todos os substantivos da lista são incontáveis. 
GABARITO: E 
 
Read text IV and answer question 10 based on it. 
Text IV 
There’s no end to the benefits of donating blood for those who need it. 
According to the American Red Cross, one donation can save as many as three lives, and someone 
in the United States needs blood every two seconds. 
It turns out that donating blood doesn’t just benefit recipients. There are health benefits for 
donors, too, on top of the benefits that come from helping others. 
Donating blood has benefits for your emotional and physical health. According to a report by the 
Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, improve your emotional well-being, 
benefit your physical health, help get rid of negative feelings, provide a sense of belonging and 
reduce isolation. 
Research has found further evidence of the health benefits that come specifically from donating 
blood. 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 10 (EEAR/INÉDITA) – “According to a report by the Mental Health Foundation, 
helping others can: reduce stress, […], help get rid of negative feelings […]”. The expression “get 
rid of” in bold in the text means 
(A) put away 
(B) throw away 
(C) put up with 
(D) find out 
(E) work out 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. put away = guardar, prender. 
A alternativa B está correta. A expressão “to get rid of” significa “livrar-se de” e portanto é 
sinônimo de “to throw away” que significa “jogar fora”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. put up with = tolerar. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. find out = descobrir. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. work out = malhar (academia). 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÕES EAM 
Read the following text to answer questions 01 to 07. 
Lost Dog 
Sam saw a dog on the sidewalk. The dog looked lost. Sam approached the dog and patted its head. 
The dog wagged his tail. The dog had a collar. Sam looked at the collar and it read the dog's name. 
Its name was Spike. Spike was a small dog and looked well-groomed. “Come on, Spike,” he said to 
the dog. The dog followed him home. He brought the dog upstairs to his room. He had a jar of 
dog food because he used to have a dog. He poured the dog food into a bowl and placed it in front 
of Spike. Spike started eating. “I'll take care of you, Spike,” he said to the dog. He knew the dog 
did not belong to him. He printed posters of Spike that said “Found Dog”. He went around hanging 
the poster but nobody came to find Spike. 
(Adapted from <https://www.eslfast.com/begin2/b2/b2014.htm>) 
QUESTÃO 01 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Where did Sam most likely find Spike? 
(A) At an animal shelter. 
(B) At his home. 
(C) On his front porch. 
(D) On the street. 
(E) At a market. 
Comentários: Onde é mais provável que o Sam tenha encontrado o Spike? 
a) Em um abrigo de animais. 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
b) Em sua casa. 
c) Na varanda da frente. 
d) Na rua. 
e) Em um mercado. 
“Sam saw a dog on the sidewalk. The dog looked lost.” = Sam viu um cachorro na calçada. O 
cachorro parecia perdido. Assim, é mais provável que o Sam tenha encontrado o Spike na rua, 
pois o cachorrinho estava na calçada, parecendo perdido. 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Spike looked like 
(A) a stray dog. 
(B) it was not well-cared. 
(C) a dog of a big breed. 
(D) it was not lost. 
(E) it had an owner. 
Comentários: O Spike parecia 
a) um cachorro vira-lata. 
b) que não era bem cuidado. 
c) um cão de raça grande. 
d) que não estava perdido. 
e) que tinha dono. 
“The dog had a collar. Sam looked at the collar and it read the dog's name. Its name was Spike. 
Spike was a small dog and looked well-groomed.” = O cachorro tinha uma coleira. Sam olhou para 
a coleira e leu o nome do cachorro. Seu nome era Spike. Spike era um cachorro pequeno e parecia 
bem cuidado. Assim, o Spike parecia que tinha dono (estava de coleira, bem cuidado...). 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EAM/INÉDITA) – How many people reached Sam looking for Spike? 
(A) zero 
(B) many. 
(C) two. 
(D) some. 
(E) much. 
Comentários: Quantas pessoas entraram em contato com Sam procurando pelo Spike? 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
a) zero 
b) muitas. 
c) duas. 
d) algumas. 
e) “muitas” (mas lembre-se que much só é usado com substantivos incontáveis, e people, pessoas, 
é contável). “He went around hanging the poster but nobody came to find Spike.” = Ele andou 
pendurando o pôster, mas ninguém apareceu para encontrar o Spike. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Did Sam feed the dog? 
(A) No, he didn’t. 
(B) No, he did. 
(C) Yes, he did. 
(D) Yes, he fed. 
(E) Yes, he’s feeding. 
Comentários: O Sam alimentou o cachorro? Sim, ele o alimentou, conforme o texto: “He had a jar 
of dog because he used to have a dog. He poured the dog food into a bowl and placed it in front 
of Spike. Spike started eating.” E a resposta curta correta para essa pergunta no Simple Past é Yes, 
he did, com o auxiliar de passado did (em respostas curtas afirmativas não usamos o verbo 
principal, apenas o auxiliar). 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Read the following sentence. 
Sam looked at the collar and it read the dog's name. 
The pronoun IT refers to: 
(A) Sam. 
(B) the dog. 
(C) the collar. 
(D) name. 
(E) the dog’s name. 
Comentários: Na frase trazida pela questão, it se refere à coleira do cachorro (the collar), veja: O 
Sam olhoupara a coleira e nela (na coleira) lia-se o nome do cachorro. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 06 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that is FALSE about the text. 
(A) Sam was Spike’s dog. 
(B) Spike was not Sam’s dog. 
(C) Spike seemed lost. 
(D) Spike was little. 
(E) Spike went to Sam’s home. 
Comentários: Marque a opção que é FALSA sobre o texto. 
a) Sam era o cachorro de Spike. – Sam era o homem e Spike era o cachorro. FALSA. 
b) Spike não era o cachorro de Sam. – De fato, Sam o encontrou na rua. 
c) Spike parecia perdido. – “The dog looked lost”. Verdadeira. 
d) Spike era pequeno. – “Spike was a small dog…” Verdadeira. 
e) O Spike foi para a casa de Sam. – “The dog followed him home. He brought the dog upstairs to 
his room”. Verdadeira. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Read the following sentence. 
Its name was Spike. 
The possessive adjective ITS refers to: 
(A) the man. 
(B) the dog. 
(C) the dog’s owner. 
(D) the collar. 
(E) Sam. 
Comentários: Em “Its name was Spike.”, its se refere ao cachorro, indicando posse, a quem 
pertence o nome: o nome dele (do cachorro) era Spike. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Which items of clothing can you see in the picture below? 
 
 
 
 
 
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TEACHER ANDREA BELO 
 
 
 
AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
(A) shoes, t-shirt, dress, shorts. 
(B) sneakers, shirt, dress, shorts. 
(C) shoes, suit, dress, trousers. 
(D) sneakers, tuxedo, blouse, shorts. 
(E) shoes, shirt, skirt, pants. 
Comentários: Quais peças de vestuário você pode ver na imagem abaixo? Vemos na imagem: 
sneakers (tênis), shirt (camisa), dress (vestido), shorts (short). 
Outros termos que aparecem nas alternativas: 
shoes = sapatos, de modo geral. 
t-shirt = camiseta (camisa de malha, em forma de T, sem botões) 
suit = terno 
trousers = calça 
tuxedo = smoking 
blouse = blusa 
skirt = saia 
pants = calça 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that completes the sentences with the right 
form of the verbs in parenthesis, respectively. 
Lucy __________ (to go) to the gym every day, but she __________ (to go) this morning, 
because she was __________ (to feel) sick. 
(A) goes / went / feeling 
(B) gos / didn’t go / felt 
(C) going / went / feeling 
(D) goes / didn’t go / feeling 
(E) go / didn’t go / feels 
Comentários: Lucy goes to the gym every day = Simple Present, por conta da expressão every day 
(todo dia) e conjugado na terceira pessoa do singular – Lucy vai à academia todo dia. but she 
didn’t go this morning = mas ela não foi essa manhã (but indicando contraste de ideias) because 
she was feeling sick. = porque ela estava se sentindo mal. (algo contínuo, mas temporário – Past 
Continuous) 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 10 (EAM/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that completes the blanks with the right 
preposition of time or place. 
I arrived __________ New York __________ noon. 
(A) in / on 
(B) at / at 
(C) at / in 
(D) on / at 
(E) in / at 
Comentários: Para cidades usamos a preposição in, e para horários (noon = meio-dia) a 
preposition at. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÕES COLÉGIO NAVAL 
Read the text and answer the following questions 01 – 02. 
Inflation: Used cars and food push US prices higher 
Consumer prices jumped 5.4% in the 12 months to the end of June, up from 5% _______ previous 
month. 
It marks the biggest 12-month increase _______ August 2008, according to the US Labor 
Department. 
Inflation, which measures the rate at which cost of living increases, has been rising as the economy 
reopens from coronavirus lockdowns. 
It has sparked fears that prices _______ increasing too quickly, which could prompt the Federal 
Reserve to push up interest rates or pull back on pandemic support earlier than expected. 
However, some economists and the Federal Reserve say that the inflationary pressures will be 
temporary. 
Used vehicles accounted for one-third of the increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) _______ 
June, the Labor Department said _______ Tuesday. 
But prices also reflected a broader surge in consumer demand as restrictions eased, with the costs 
of meals in restaurants and cafes, hotel stays and airline tickets all rising last month. 
(https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57573387) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In the title we can affirm that the prices are 
(A) increasing 
(B) dropping down 
(C) decreasing 
(D) at the same level 
(E) in equal measures 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A letra A está correta. O título diz que: Inflação: Carros usados e alimentação puxam 
os preços para cima. Portanto, a expressão “higher”, coloca como aumento. Sinônimo de 
“increasing”, que significa “aumento”. 
A letra B está incorreta. dropping down = queda. 
A letra C está incorreta. decreasing = decrescer. 
A letra D está incorreta. at the same level = no mesmo nível. 
A letra E está incorreta. in equal measures = em níveis/medidas iguais. 
Portanto, as expressões das outras opções fogem do contexto do título. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Compete the gap in the sentence: “5% ____ previous 
month.” 
(A) a 
(B) an 
(C) the 
(D) of 
(E) no article 
Comentários: A letra A está incorreta. “a” é artigo indefinido e somente poderia ser mencionado 
em casos genéricos. Na sentença é um mês específico. “O mês anterior.” 
A letra B está incorreta. “an" é artigo indefinido e somente poderia ser mencionado em casos 
genéricos diante de sons de vogais. Na sentença é um mês específico. “O mês anterior.” 
A letra C está correta. “The” é artigo definido; usado para coisas específicas e já mencionadas 
anteriormente. Logo, é o gabarito de acordo com a gramática. 
A letra D está incorreta. Of = de/do/da; é uma preposição, a qual não deve ser usada nesse 
contexto. 
A letra E está incorreta. O uso de “não artigo” não se perfaz, tendo em vista as explicações 
anteriores. 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Complete the blank space: “_____ August 2008” 
(A) from 
(B) with 
(C) for 
(D) since 
(E) about 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A letra A está incorreta. from = de (origem). Não se encaixa no contexto “desde 
Agosto de 2008.” 
A letra B está incorreta. with = com. Não se encaixa no contexto “desde Agosto de 2008.” 
A letra C está incorreta. for = por, durante (duração da ação). Não se encaixa no contexto “desde 
Agosto de 2008.” 
A letra D está correta. since = desde (início da ação). Encaixa no contexto “desde Agosto de 2008.” 
A letra E está incorreta. about = sobre. Não se encaixa no contexto “desde Agosto de 2008.” 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In the sentence, “Inflation, which measures the rate 
cause 
(…)”, the word in bold refers to 
(A) rate 
(B) cause 
(C) the 
(D) measures 
(E) inflation 
Comentários: A questão versa sobre o uso do relativo “which”, o qual retoma coisas, objetos, 
animais etc. (não sendo pessoa). Conectando-se a substantivos (nouns). 
A letra A está incorreta. “Rate” não é o antecedente. Está após a menção do relativo. 
A letra B está incorreta. “Cause” não é o antecedente. Está após a menção do relativo. 
A letra C está incorreta. “The” não é o antecedente. Também não é substantivo. Está após a 
menção do relativo. 
A letra D está incorreta. “measures” é verbo. Medir. Não podendo ser relativo de “which”. 
A letra E está correta. Inflation = inflação; é substantivo e antecedente de “which”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In, “whichcould prompt the Federal Reserve to push 
up interest rates”. The underline verb gives an idea of 
(A) obligation 
(B) possibility 
(C) ability 
(D) advice 
(E) permission 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A questão trata sobre modais. O CN diz sobre CAN, mas Could é o passado de CAN. 
Podendo ser cobrado. 
A letra A está incorreta. Could não expressa obrigação. E sim: must, have to. 
A letra B está correta. Could nesse contexto expressa “possibilidade”. “no qual poderá...” 
A letra C está incorreta. Could poderia até expressar uma habilidade, mas não se aplica nesse 
contexto. 
A letra D está incorreta. Could não expressa “conselho”. E sim: should / ought to. 
A letra E está incorreta. Could poderia até expressar uma “permissão, mas não nesse contexto. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – The correct statement according to the text is 
(A) The cost of living is not a currently problem in the US. 
(B) Specialists say that inflation will be temporary. 
(C) Used vehicles were not affected by this situation. 
(D) Food department didn’t have any inflation grow. 
(E) The prices are getting down now. 
Comentários: A letra A está incorreta. O custo de vida não é um problema atual nos EUA. (falso) 
A letra B está correta. Especialistas dizem que a inflação será temporária. (verdadeiro); O texto 
todo fala sobre a alta inflacionária. 
A letra C está incorreta. Veículos usados não foram afetados por essa situação. (falso) 
A letra D está incorreta. O departamento de alimentos não teve nenhum crescimento da inflação. 
(falso) 
A letra E está incorreta. Os preços estão caindo agora. (falso) 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – The word “however”, in bold in the text can be 
replaced by 
(A) also 
(B) otherwise 
(C) nevertheless 
(D) so 
(E) then 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A conjunção “however” = mas, porém. (adversativa). 
A letra A está incorreta. also = também (conjunção aditiva) 
A letra B está incorreta. otherwise = por outro modo (conjunção alternativa) 
A letra C está correta. nevertheless = mas, porém (adversativa). Logo, sinônimo de “however”. 
A letra D está incorreta. so = então (conjunção conclusiva) 
A letra E está incorreta. then = então (conjunção conclusiva) 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – “It has sparked fears that prices ____ increasing too 
quickly.” The correct verb form to fill in the blank. 
(A) is 
(B) to be 
(C) will be 
(D) are 
(E) do 
Comentários: A questão trata de verbos. Verbo to be = ser/estar 
A letra A está incorreta. “is” não conjuga com “prices” 
A letra B está incorreta. to be = verbo sem estar conjugado 
A letra C está incorreta. will be = futuro (não encaixa nesse contexto) 
A letra D está correta. prices (they) are. Conjugação correta. 
A letra E está incorreta. do = fazer; não encaixa gramaticalmente no contexto. 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – The expression, “coronavirus lockdowns”, means 
I. Restriction of going and getting back. (Restrições de ir e vir) 
II. The virus itself will lock people at home. (O virus por si mesmo trancou as pessoas em casa) 
III. People are with some situations restricted by the global disease. (As pessoas estão com 
alguma restrições pela doença global) 
(A) All of them are correct. 
(B) I and III are incorrect. 
(C) II and III are correct. 
(D) II is correct, but III is incorrect. 
(E) I and III are correct. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: Traduções ao lado das sentenças. 
A letra A está incorreta. Todas não estão corretas, pois a II está errada. 
A letra B está incorreta. I e III não estão incorretas. E sim, certas. 
A letra C está incorreta. A II não está correta. Somente a III. 
A letra D está incorreta. II não está correta e sim a III. 
A letra E está correta. I e III estão corretas. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (COLÉGIO NAVAL/INÉDITA) – “___ June, the Labor Department said ___ Tuesday.” 
Complete the spaces with the suitable prepostitions 
(A) in / on 
(B) in / in 
(C) on in 
(D) at / in 
(E) in / at 
Comentários: A questão versa sobre o uso adequado das preposições. 
A letra A está correta. In = mês / On = dias da semana. 
A letra B está incorreta. In não pode ser usado para dias da semana. 
A letra C está incorreta. Está invertido o uso correto. 
A letra D está incorreta. At não se aplica no uso e in também não. 
A letra E está incorreta. In está correto, mas At não. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÕES AFA 
Read Text I to do questions 01, 02 and 03 based on it 
Text I 
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive 
at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era of Martian exploration. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
_______ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit 
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of 
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or 
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will 
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that 
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched _______ NASA, is expected to become the United 
States’ 15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars. 
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars invasion. 
Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000 miles above 
the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in gaps in our 
understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured by rovers 
and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the UAE 
space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado, 
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft. 
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve never 
run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced sciences 
and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week. “It 
wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary 
exploration mission.” 
The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space Agency’s 
ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long. China’s Tianwen-1 
mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected to arrive less than 
a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the Red Planet, but 
the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit. 
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover is small 
enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it has safely 
touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the next three 
months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater. The rover and 
lander will both relay data _______ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will send it back 
to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details 
about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year in Nature 
Astronomy saysthe agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the entire 
planet.” 
On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s 
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the 
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to 
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial 
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface 
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground. 
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing _______ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee, 
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a 
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per 
second, we’ll be ready.” 
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is to collect 
samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to Earth. With 
any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life. But whether 
scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open question. Aside from 
hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind technology demonstration 
involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing, Perseverance will jettison 
the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If it works, it will be the first 
time an aircraft has flown on another planet. 
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a historic 
moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of space 
capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration. Mars was 
once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it is now also 
an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China. Getting to 
Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been 
successful—and there’s no guarantee that all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But 
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes 
well for the future of space exploration. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/) 
 
QUESTÃO 01 (AFA/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the gaps in the text? 
(A) On – by – from – on 
(B) At – to – from – by 
(C) On – by – to – by 
(D) In – by – on – by 
(E) In – to – to – on 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. 
Lacuna 1: Deve-se usar a preposição “on” para dia do mês (data completa – dia e mês). Cuidado, 
pois caso apareça somente o mês não devemos usar a preposição “on” e sim a preposição “in”. 
Lacuna 2: Na frase em questão trata-se de uma voz passiva e o sujeito da voz ativa torna-se agente 
da passiva precedido por by. “The third mission, launched by NASA” (A Terceira missão, lançada 
pela NASA.) 
Lacuna 3: A preposição que melhor se encaixa nessa lacuna é “from”, pois indica procedência, 
origem de alguém ou algo. “The rover and lander will both relay data from the surface to the 
Tianwen-1 orbiter” (O veículo e o módulo de pouso transmitirão dados da superfície para o 
orbitador Tianwen-1). Neste caso, os dados têm como origem a superfície de Marte. 
Lacuna 4: Land on = pousar (A preposição “on” é usada para indicar que alguma coisa está em 
uma superfície) 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A sequência correta é On – by – from – on. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A sequência correta é On – by – from – on. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A sequência correta é On – by – from – on. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A sequência correta é On – by – from – on. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (AFA/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) The UAE and China had already visited Mars before, five or six times. 
(B) The UAE is not going to land on Mars. Rather than, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian 
atmosphere from space. 
(C) The United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft will be studying mars soil for 6 months. 
(D) About six countries have already accomplished the feat of going to mars. 
(E) The arrival of five national missions to Mars two weeks apart is a historic moment in the 
history of space exploration. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, é a primeira vez que os 
Emirados Árabes e a China realizarão uma expedição para Marte. “Two of the countries behind 
these missions, the UAE and China, will be visiting Mars for the first time” (Dois dos países por 
trás dessas missões, os Emirados Árabes Unidos e a China, visitarão Marte pela primeira vez). 
A alternativa B está correta. De acordo com o texto, Os Emirados Árabes Unidos não farão um 
pouso suave durante a invasão de Marte em fevereiro. Em vez disso, seu orbitador Hope estudará 
a atmosfera marciana de mais de 12.000 milhas acima da superfície. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, seis meses é o tempo que a espaçonave 
Hope levará para chegar em Marte e ela não pousará para estudar o solo. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, os Emirados Árabes e a china serão, 
respectivamente, o quinto e o sexto países a realizarem uma expedição para Marte. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, três missões espaciais chegarão a Marte e 
não cinco. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (AFA/INÉDITA) – “Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t 
provided a lot of details about […]”. The highlighted word is closest in meaning to 
(A) However 
(B) Despite 
(C) Since 
(D) Even though 
(E) Besides 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. However = porém. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Despite = Apesar de. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Since = Visto que. 
A alternativa D está correta. Although = Even though = Embora. “Although the Chinese National 
Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details about […]” (Embora a Administração Espacial 
Nacional da China não tenha fornecido muitos detalhes sobre [...]). 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Besides = Além de. 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read Text ll to do question 04 based on it 
Text ll 
IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the 
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a 
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior 
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone 
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the 
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/) 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (AFA/INÉDITA) – Mark the option that correctly substitutes the expression rather 
than (line 02). 
(A) Instead of. 
(B) Despite of. 
(C) As well as. 
(D) In addition to. 
(E) At last. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. rather than = instead of = ao invés de. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Despite of = apesar de. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. As well as = assim como, também.A alternativa D está incorreta. In addition to = além de. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. At last = afinal. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Read Text lll to do questions 05 and 06 based on it 
Text lll 
Russian Fabergé exhibition contains 'at least 20 fakes', expert says 
Andre Ruzhnikov accuses director Mikhail Piotrovsky of ‘destroying the authority of the museum’ 
A Russian museum __________ to close a Fabergé exhibition that contains items loaned from the 
personal collection of a billionaire, after a prominent expert said it contained more than a dozen 
fakes. 
In a letter, the art dealer Andre Ruzhnikov accused the Hermitage Museum’s director, Mikhail 
Piotrovsky, of “destroying the authority of the museum” by hosting the Fabergé: Jeweller to the 
Imperial Court show, which runs until 14 March. 
Ruzhnikov told the Guardian that the exhibition included at least 20 fakes, and that he thought 
the exhibition, which is the first big Fabergé event at the St Petersburg institution since 1993, 
should close immediately. He said: “I want the shame to end. I want this show to be closed and 
forgotten, and that’s it. You cannot subject the Hermitage to such shame.” 
The Hermitage and Alexander Ivanov have denied the claims and the billionaire produced 
documents that support the authenticity of the items that were loaned from the Fabergé Museum 
in Baden-Baden, which he established in 2009. 
Piotrovsky and the Hermitage did not respond to a request for comment. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/feb/01/russian-faberge-exhibition-contains-fakes-expert-says) 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (AFA/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the gap in the text? 
(A) has asked 
(B) had been asked 
(C) had asked 
(D) has been asked 
(E) was asked 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. Esta alternativa não se encontra na voz passiva e sim 
na voz ativa e por isso não preenche corretamente a lacuna do texto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Apesar de estar na voz passiva, o tempo verbal utilizada na 
alternativa não está correto. Deveria ser utilizado o present perfect e não past perfect, por se 
tratar de uma oração que expressa uma ação que o correu num passado indeterminado. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Esta alternativa não se encontra na voz passiva e sim na voz ativa e 
por isso não preenche corretamente a lacuna do texto. 
A alternativa D está correta. Nessa questão trata-se de uma voz passiva. “A Russian museum has 
been asked to close a Fabergé exhibition” (Um museu russo foi convidado a encerrar uma 
exposição de Fabergé.). O tempo verbal a ser utilizado na oração deve ser o present perfect por 
se tratar de uma ação que ocorreu num passado indeterminado. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Apesar de estar na voz passiva, o tempo verbal utilizada na 
alternativa não está correto. Deveria ser utilizado o present perfect e não o simple past, por se 
tratar de uma oração que expressa uma ação que o correu num passado indeterminado. 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (AFA/INÉDITA) – In the phrase “…a Fabergé exhibition that contains items loaned 
from the personal collection of a billionaire” (paragraph 1), the underlined word is a synonym 
for 
(A) donated 
(B) purchased 
(C) acquired 
(D) borrowed 
(E) lent 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. Os itens da exposição foram emprestados e não 
doados. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Os itens da exposição foram emprestados e não comprados. 
Purchase é sinônimo de buy (comprar). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Os itens da exposição foram emprestados e não adquiridos. 
Adquirir significa passar a ser o dono de algo, e no caso, o museu não passou a ser dono dos itens, 
eles foram apenas emprestados pelo bilionário. 
A alternativa D está correta. De acordo com o texto, um museu russo foi convidado a fechar uma 
exposição de Fabergé que contém itens emprestados da coleção pessoal de um bilionário. Os itens 
da exposição foram pegos emprestados de um bilionário. A palavra borrow tem o sentido de 
“pegar emprestado” e portanto preenche corretamente a lacuna. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Cuidado, preste atenção na diferença entre borrow e lend. Lend é 
usado quando você “empresta algo para alguém”. Diferente disso, borrow tem o sentido de 
“pegar emprestado”. O museu pegou empresta (borrow) já o bilionário emprestou (lend). 
GABARITO: D 
 
Read Text lV to do questions 07, 08, 09 and 10 based on it 
Text lV 
When will offices be full again? 
Maybe never, some executives say. 
By Lauren Hirsch 
Many companies do not expect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and even 
then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made this 
week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter. 
 
 
 
 
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On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in New York 
and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in both cities; 
and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned. 
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M. 
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working 
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your 
employees.” Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will 
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.” 
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a regulatory 
round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could support 
demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before. 
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and pitches 
seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata Sons, 
said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United States 
to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2 billion 
worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.” 
There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited about what 
employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend two hours 
improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend two hours 
more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” 
Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not without 
risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's really a 
pleasure.” 
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-say.html 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (AFA/INÉDITA) – The correct form of the sentence “They could spend two hours 
more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” in the indirect speech is: 
(A) It said that they could have spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more 
resilient family. 
(B) It said that they could spent two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
(C) It said that they will spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
(D) It said that they spend two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family. 
(E) It said that they have spended two hours more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient 
family. 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta.O discurso indireto do modal could é: could + have + 
verbo no particípio portanto a única opção que atende esse requisito é a alternativa A. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Could + spent está errado, após verbol modais o verbo deve estar 
na forma infinitivo sem to. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Will não é a forma de discurso indireto de could. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O discurso indireto do modal could é could + have + verbo no 
particípio portanto essa alternativa não atende aos requisitos necessários. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O discurso indireto do modal could é could + have + verbo no 
particípio portanto essa alternativa não atende aos requisitos necessários. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (AFA/INÉDITA) – In “There are other perks from working at home” the underlined 
word is closest in meaning to: 
(A) goods 
(B) benefits 
(C) harms 
(D) losses 
(E) ways 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. Goods = bens, mercadorias. 
A alternativa B está correta. Perks = benefícios (benefits). O texto fala dos benefícios de se 
trabalhar em casa. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Harm = malefícios, danos. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Losses = perdas, prejuízos. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. Ways = maneiras, meios. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (AFA/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “They could spend two hours improving their 
health by exercising,” extracted from the text the pronoun they refers to: 
(A) daily commutes 
(B) BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink 
(C) Employees 
(D) Many companies 
(E) Family 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. O pronome they não faz referência a “viagens 
diárias”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O pronome they não faz referência a “BlackRock’s Laurence D. 
Fink”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto as pessoas que poderiam melhorar sua saúde 
através de exercícios eram os empregados. Portanto o pronome they faz referência a employees. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O pronome they não faz referência a “many companies”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O pronome they não faz referência a “family”. Dica: O pronome 
they é um pronome de 3ª pessoas do plural, logo não irá fazer referência a singulares. 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (AFA/INÉDITA) – “They could spend two hours improving their health by 
exercising,” The underlined word can be replaced by: 
(A) coming up with 
(B) puting up with 
(C) puting away 
(D) turning down 
(E) brushing up on 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. Come up with significa pensar/falar algo novo ou 
aparecer com algo e portanto não se encaixa no contexto. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. Put up with = tolerar, aguentar algo ou alguém. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. Put away = guardar. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. Turn down = recusar. 
A alternativa E está correta. Brush up on = improve = get better (melhorar). É Exatamente o que 
o texto diz, melhor sua saúde através de exercícios. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÕES ESCOLA NAVAL 
Based on the text below, answer the six questions that follow it. 
Any amount of alcohol consumption harmful to the brain, finds study 
UK study of 25,000 people finds even moderate drinking is linked to lower grey matter density 
There is no safe amount of alcohol consumption for the brain, with even “moderate” drinking 
adversely affecting nearly every part of it, a study of more than 25,000 people in the UK has found. 
The study, which is still to be peer-reviewed, suggests that the more alcohol consumed, the lower 
the brain volume. In effect, the more you drink, the worse off your brain. 
“There’s no threshold drinking for harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems 
to be affected – not just specific areas, as previously thought,” said the lead author, Anya Topiwala, 
a senior clinical lecturer at the University of Oxford. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Using the UK Biobank, a substantial database designed to help researchers decode the genetic 
and environmental factors that lead some people to develop diseases while others do not, 
researchers in this study analysed data from 25,378 participants such as age, sex, education, self-
reported alcohol consumption, brain size and health from MRI scans, information about hospital 
and outpatient visits, and memory tests. 
Higher volume of alcohol consumption per week was associated with lower grey matter density – 
the researchers found, with alcohol explaining up to a 0.8% change in grey matter volume, even 
after accounting for individual biological and behavioural characteristics. 
This might seem like a small figure, but it is a larger contribution than any other modifiable risk 
factors. For example, it is four times the contribution of smoking or BMI, said Topiwala. 
Widespread negative associations were also seen between alcohol consumption and integrity of 
white matter, the brain fibres that scaffold the billions of neurons that make up grey matter. In 
addition, an individual’s underlying conditions such as high blood pressure and high BMI made the 
negative association between alcohol and brain health stronger, the researchers found. 
Contrary to previous research that suggested there is a benefit to drinking wine in moderation 
compared with beer or spirits, the study found no evidence to suggest alcoholic beverage type 
conferred differences in risks to the brain. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/may/18/any-amount-of-alcohol-consumption-harmful-to-the-brain-finds-study) 
QUESTÃO 01 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Consumption of small amounts of alcohol is safe and beneficial to the brain 
(B) Brain volume increases with increasing alcohol consumption 
(C) Alcohol consumption, even in large quantities, affects only some parts of the brain 
(D) There is a minimum limit of alcohol consumption so that it can cause damage to health 
(E) Moderate alcohol consumption affects a good part of the brain 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o 
consumo de pequenas quantidades de álcool é seguro e benéfico para o cérebro, mas sim, que 
afeta o cérebro. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There is no safe amount of alcohol 
consumption for the brain, with even ‘moderate’ drinking adversely affecting nearly every part of 
it…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o volume do 
cérebro aumenta com o aumento do consumo de álcool, mas sim, que quanto mais álcool, menor 
será o volume do cérebro. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “…suggests that the more 
alcohol consumed, the lower the brain volume”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que o consumo de 
álcool, mesmo em grandes quantidades, afeta apenas algumas partes do cérebro, mas sim, que 
qualquer consumo afeta quase todo o cérebro. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Pretty 
much the whole brain seems to be affected – not just specific areas, as previously thought”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que existe um limite 
mínimo de consumo de álcool para que possa causar danos à saúde, mas sim, que qualquer 
volume afeta a saúde. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There’s no threshold drinking for 
harm – any alcohol is worse”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa E está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o consumo moderado 
de álcool afeta boa parte do cérebro,assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com 
o trecho “There is no safe amount of alcohol consumption for the brain, with even ‘moderate’ 
drinking adversely affecting nearly every part of it…”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – What’s the meaning of the word “threshold” in 
paragraph 3? 
(A) Conclusion 
(B) Brink 
(C) End 
(D) Point 
(E) Disadvantage 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “thresold” não significa conclusão, mas sim, 
limite/limiar, assim como a palavra “brink”, que significa limite. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “thresold” significa limite/limiar, assim como a palavra 
“brink”, que significa limite. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “thresold” não significa fim, mas sim, limite/limiar, assim 
como a palavra “brink”, que significa limite. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “thresold” não significa ponto, mas sim, limite/limiar, 
assim como a palavra “brink”, que significa limite. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “thresold” não significa desvantagem, mas sim, 
limite/limiar, assim como a palavra “brink”, que significa limite. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – In paragraph 1, the word “it” refers to 
(A) Moderate drinking 
(B) Alcohol consumption 
(C) Study 
(D) Brain 
(E) UK 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “it” não se refere a beber moderadamente, 
mas sim, ao cérebro, ou seja, “Não há uma quantidade segura de consumo de álcool para o 
cérebro, mesmo com o consumo ‘moderado’ afetando adversamente quase todas as partes 
dele...”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “it” não se refere ao consumo de álcool, mas sim, ao 
cérebro, ou seja, “Não há uma quantidade segura de consumo de álcool para o cérebro, mesmo 
com o consumo ‘moderado’ afetando adversamente quase todas as partes dele...”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “it” não se refere ao estudo, mas sim, ao cérebro, ou seja, 
“Não há uma quantidade segura de consumo de álcool para o cérebro, mesmo com o consumo 
‘moderado’ afetando adversamente quase todas as partes dele...”. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “it” se refere ao cérebro, ou seja, “Não há uma quantidade 
segura de consumo de álcool para o cérebro, mesmo com o consumo ‘moderado’ afetando 
adversamente quase todas as partes dele...”, assim como esta opção indica. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “it” não se refere ao Reino Unido, mas sim, ao cérebro, ou 
seja, “Não há uma quantidade segura de consumo de álcool para o cérebro, mesmo com o 
consumo ‘moderado’ afetando adversamente quase todas as partes dele...”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option completes the 
sentence below correctly? 
Alcohol consumption __________ to affect only some parts of the brain 
(A) Was thought 
(B) Is thought 
(C) Has been thought 
(D) Will be thought 
(E) Is being thought 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. O tempo verbal correto do verbo to be, nesse caso, é o 
simple past; ou seja, “Acreditava-se que o consumo de álcool afetava apenas uma parte do 
cérebro”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There’s no threshold drinking for harm – any 
alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems to be affected – not just specific areas, as 
previously thought”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto do verbo to be, nesse caso, não é o simple 
present, mas sim, o simple past; ou seja, “Acreditava-se que o consumo de álcool afetava apenas 
uma parte do cérebro”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There’s no threshold drinking for 
harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems to be affected – not just specific 
areas, as previously thought”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto do verbo to be, nesse caso, não é o presente 
perfect, mas sim, o simple past; ou seja, “Acreditava-se que o consumo de álcool afetava apenas 
uma parte do cérebro”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There’s no threshold drinking for 
harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems to be affected – not just specific 
areas, as previously thought”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto do verbo to be, nesse caso, não é o simple 
future, mas sim, o simple past; ou seja, “Acreditava-se que o consumo de álcool afetava apenas 
uma parte do cérebro”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There’s no threshold drinking for 
harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems to be affected – not just specific 
areas, as previously thought”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O tempo verbal correto do verbo to be, nesse caso, não é o presente 
continuous, mas sim, o simple past; ou seja, “Acreditava-se que o consumo de álcool afetava 
apenas uma parte do cérebro”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “There’s no threshold 
drinking for harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems to be affected – not 
just specific areas, as previously thought”. 
GABARITO: A 
QUESTÃO 05 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – According to the text, which option is correct? 
(A) Smoking is what most negatively affects the brain 
(B) Consuming more alcohol means increasing brain density 
(C) The study presented in the text was based on data analysis 
(D) An individual's underlying conditions do not interfere with the health impact of alcohol 
(E) There are certain types of alcoholic beverages that affect the brain 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que 
fumar é o que mais afeta negativamente o cérebro, mas sim, que beber afeta mais do que fumar. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “This might seem like a small figure, but it is a larger 
contribution than any other modifiable risk factors. For example, it is four times the contribution 
of smoking or BMI…”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que consumir mais 
álcool significa aumentar a densidade do cérebro, mas sim, que significa diminuir essa densidade. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Higher volume of alcohol consumption per week was 
associated with lower grey matter density”. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que o estudo apresentado 
no texto se baseou na análise dos dados, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado 
com o trecho “Using the UK Biobank, a substantial database designed to help researchers decode 
the genetic and environmental factors that lead some people to develop diseases while others do 
not, researchers in this study analysed data…”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que as condições 
subjacentes de um indivíduo não interferem no impacto do álcool na saúde, mas sim, que 
interferem. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...an individual’s underlying conditions such 
as high blood pressure and high BMI made the negative association between alcohol and brain 
health stronger…”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que existem certos 
tipos de bebidas alcoólicas que afetam o cérebro, mas sim, que o tipo de bebida não altera o 
impacto causado. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...the study found no evidence to 
suggest alcoholic beverage type conferred differences in risks to the brain”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – What’s the meaning of the word “previous” in 
paragraph 8? 
(A) Prior 
(B) First 
(C) Current 
(D) Future(E) Timely 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. A palavra “previous” significa anterior e pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “prior”, que significa anterior. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “previous” significa anterior e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “first”, que significa primeira. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “previous” significa anterior e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “current”, que significa atual. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “previous” significa anterior e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “future”, que significa futura. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “previous” significa anterior e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “timely”, que significa oportuno. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below? 
“___ Covid-19 crisis has been difficult on people across the globe, including India. In the past few 
days there has been intense discussion ___ the decision of our government and Indian vaccine 
manufacturers, including SII, ___ export vaccines”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/19/poorer-countries-face-long-delays-receiving-covid-vaccines) 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
 
(A) X / on / to 
(B) The / in / to 
(C) The / on / at 
(D) X / on / at 
(E) The / on / to 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the” pois a frase se refere a uma crise 
específica, ou seja, “A crise da Covid-19 tem sido difícil para as pessoas em todo o mundo, 
incluindo a Índia”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “on” pois a frase a uma discussão acerca de um 
assunto, ou seja, “Nos últimos dias, tem havido intensa discussão sobre a decisão do nosso 
governo...”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “to” pois a frase se refere a decisão de exportar vacinas, 
ou seja, “Nos últimos dias, tem havido intensa discussão sobre a decisão do nosso governo e dos 
fabricantes indianos de vacinas, incluindo SII, para exportar vacinas”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which option completes the dialogue below correctly? 
Ed: _____ at the party yesterday? 
Jack: Yes, didn't you see me? 
(A) Was you 
(B) Did you go 
(C) Were you 
(D) Do you go 
(E) You were 
Comentários: A lacuna em questão deve ser preenchida com “were you”, considerando que segue 
o pronome necessário, a situação de interrogação e o tempo verbal (passado), considerando o 
indicador “yesterday” (ontem). 
GABARITO: C 
 
QUESTÃO 09 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph 
below? 
“A few weeks ago, I __________ my first shot of a vaccine against Covid-19. As the newly 
vaccinated exited the clinic, there was a mix of relief and elation on people’s faces. We exchanged 
little smiles of solidarity. If we could have burst into spontaneous applause, I __________ sure we 
would have done”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/17/animals-overlooked-allies-fight-against-covid-vaccines) 
 
(A) Received / am 
(B) Received / was 
(C) Receive / am 
(D) Receive / was 
(E) Received / will be 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo to receive no simple past, 
seguindo o tempo da frase, tal qual indica algo que acontece há algumas semanas, ou seja, 
“Algumas semanas atrás, recebi minha primeira injeção de vacina contra Covid-19”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com o verbo to be no simple present pois, apesar de se 
tratar de algo que poderia ter acontecido no passado, o autor, nesta parte, indica um sentimento 
atual, ou seja, “Se pudéssemos explodir em aplausos espontâneos, tenho certeza de que teríamos 
feito”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (ESCOLA NAVAL/INÉDITA) – Which word best completes the question below? 
How _______ hours does it take to walk around the entire city? 
(A) Much 
(B) Many 
(C) Often 
(D) Very 
(E) Lot of 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “much” 
(quanto/muito), mas sim, “many” (quanto/muito), por se encaixar com substantivos contáveis, 
que é o caso de “horas”. Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How many hours does it take to 
walk around the entire city?” (Quantas horas leva para passear pela cidade inteira?). 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase é “many” (quanto/muito), por 
se encaixar com substantivos contáveis, que é o caso de “horas”, assim como esta opção indica. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How many hours does it take to walk around the entire 
city?” (Quantas horas leva para passear pela cidade inteira?). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “often” 
(frequentemente), mas sim, “many” (quanto/muito), por se encaixar com substantivos contáveis, 
que é o caso de “horas”. Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How many hours does it take to 
walk around the entire city?” (Quantas horas leva para passear pela cidade inteira?). 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “very” (muito - 
intensidade), mas sim, “many” (quanto/muito), por se encaixar com substantivos contáveis, que 
é o caso de “horas”. Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How many hours does it take to walk 
around the entire city?” (Quantas horas leva para passear pela cidade inteira?). 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra que melhor completa a frase não é “lot of” (muitos), mas 
sim, “many” (quanto/muito), por se encaixar com substantivos contáveis, que é o caso de “horas”. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com a frase “How many hours does it take to walk around the entire 
city?” (Quantas horas leva para passear pela cidade inteira?). 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÕES EsPCEx 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 01, 02 e 03 
Can New Zealand's tourism industry make a sustainable return? 
New Zealand is hopeful that a recently opened travel bubble with Australia will rekindle its 
pandemic-battered tourism industry. However, many are also seeing an opportunity to rethink 
how to make the sector more climate friendly. 
New Zealand's Queenstown - __________ (1) popular tourist spot - is throbbing with activity. 
"To see and hear all the boats and the screaming and the complete joy… it puts a smile on all of 
our faces," said Jolanda Cave, the general manager at Shotover Jet - one of the most established 
adventure companies there. 
It's a busy time __________ (2) the company, named after the river, where for more than half a 
decade, boats have been whizzing, spinning and splashing to the delight of tourists. 
But even so, the numbers it is seeing are a fraction of what it was used to before the pandemic 
closed the country's borders. It used to operate eight boat rides an hour. Sometimes, that was 
down to just one. 
"It's been real eye opener for us to go from 1,200 (visitors) a day to 200 a day," Ms Cave said. 
Like many tourism operators across New Zealand Ms Cave is excited about the recently opened 
travel bubble with Australia, its biggest market. 
"It's given people hope. Australians represent a huge part of our business. (The bubble) will mean 
that we will see some growth. I think a lot of Queenstown will," she says. 
In 2019, international tourism was worth $12.6bn (£9bn) in total, __________ (3) Australians 
contributing $1.94bn. 
Between 1.18 and 1.5 million Australians came to New Zealand annually, accounting for 40% of 
the country's overseas visitors. 
Those numbers dropped to zero when New Zealand closed its borders. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56967636)110 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 01 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to 
respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) 
A) A, at, with 
B) An, for, with 
C) A, at, in 
D) An, for, in 
E) A, for, with 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “a”, pois a frase se refere à um ponto 
turístico popular. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “for”, pois a frase se refere a algo que é para a 
companhia, ou seja, “É um momento agitado para a empresa”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “with”, pois a frase se refere à contribuição dos 
australianos, ou seja, “Em 2019, o turismo internacional valia US $ 12,6 bilhões (£ 9 bilhões) no 
total, com os australianos contribuindo com US $ 1,94 bilhão”. 
GABARITO: E 
 
QUESTÃO 02 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – According to the text, is correct to state that 
A) Despite being agitated, the Shotover jet routine was much more intense before the pandemic 
B) New Zealand recently closed its borders with Australia 
C) The opening of borders with Australia still represents a small part of the return to New 
Zealand's tourist routine 
D) Australians account for more than half of New Zealand tourists 
E) New Zealand did not close its borders during the pandemic 
Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que apesar 
de agitada, a rotina do jato Shotover era muito mais intensa antes da pandemia, assim como esta 
opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “It's a busy time ___(2) the company ... But 
even so, the numbers it is seeing are a fraction of what it was used to before the pandemic closed 
the country's borders. It used to operate eight boat rides an hour. Sometimes, that was down to 
just one”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a Nova Zelândia 
fechou recentemente suas fronteiras com a Austrália, mas sim, que abriu recentemente suas 
fronteiras com a Austrália. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Like many tourism operators 
across New Zealand Ms Cave is excited about the recently opened travel bubble with Australia…”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a abertura das 
fronteiras com a Austrália ainda representa uma pequena parte do retorno à rotina turística da 
Nova Zelândia, mas sim, que representa a abertura de fronteiras com a maior parte do turismo do 
país. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “It's given people hope. Australians represent a huge 
part of our business…”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os australianos 
representam mais da metade dos turistas da Nova Zelândia, mas sim, que representam 40% dos 
turistas de lá. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Between 1.18 and 1.5 million Australians 
came to New Zealand annually, accounting for 40% of the country's overseas visitors”. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a Nova Zelândia 
não fechou suas fronteiras durante a pandemia, mas sim, que fechou. Isso pode ser confirmado 
com o trecho “Those numbers dropped to zero when New Zealand closed its borders”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 03 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “To see and hear all the boats and the 
screaming and the complete joy… it puts a smile on all of our faces” (paragraph 2), the word joy 
means 
A) Melancholy 
B) Happiness 
C) Sorrow 
D) Courage 
E) Calm 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “joy” significa alegria e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “melancholy”, que significa melancolia. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “joy” significa alegria e pode ser comparada com a palavra 
“happiness”, que significa alegria. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “joy” significa alegria e não pode ser comparada com a 
palavra “sorrow”, que significa tristeza. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “joy” significa alegria e não pode ser comparada com a 
palavra “courage”, que significa coragem. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “joy” significa alegria e não pode ser comparada com a 
palavra “calm”, que significa calma. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 04, 05 e 06 
Rich countries close their eyes to the global Covid surge at their own peril 
The pandemic’s death toll is now being felt most gravely in developing nations. This virus is 
not done yet 
Is there one pandemic, or two? That ___ (1) a question being asked a year ago, when wealthy 
countries accounting for only 15% of the global population had 80% of the Covid deaths. Could it 
be that the rich world was more vulnerable, somehow, because its populations ___ (2) older, or 
more individualistic, or had forgotten to be scared of infectious disease? 
Even then, some were warning that the worst was yet to come, once the disease took hold in 
poorer countries. World Bank analysts Philip Schellekens and Diego Sourrouille, for example, 
predicted a “massive shift” in disease burden to the developing world. Just in terms of 
demography, they said, you’d expect those countries to account for around 70% of deaths. 
As things stand they account for a little over half of it, which is probably an underestimate due to 
variations in data quality – and the pandemic is far from over. 
 
 
 
 
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Last week saw more than 5.8 million new cases of Covid globally, the highest number yet. More 
than 3 million people have now died from Covid, according to the World Health Organization 
(WHO), which also reports that infections and hospitalisations in those aged at 25 to 59 ___ (3) 
increasing an alarming rate. “It took nine months to reach 1 million deaths, four months to reach 
2 million, and three months to reach 3 million,” WHO director general, Tedros Adhanom 
Ghebreyesus, said last week. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/27/rich-countries-covid-pandemic-death-developing-nations) 
 
QUESTÃO 04 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “Could it be that the rich world was more 
vulnerable, somehow, because its populations were older, or more individualistic, or had 
forgotten to be scared of infectious disease?” (paragraph 1), the word scared means 
A) Bold 
B) Cautious 
C) Brave 
D) Afraid 
E) Partial 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “scared” significa assustado/com medo e 
não pode ser comparada com a palavra “bold”, que significa corajoso. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. A palavra “scared” significa assustado/com medo e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “cautious”, que significa cauteloso. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “scared” significa assustado/com medo e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “brave”, que significa corajoso. 
A alternativa D está correta. A palavra “scared” significa assustado/com medo e pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “afraid”, que significa com medo. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “scared” significa assustado/com medo e não pode ser 
comparada com a palavra “partial”, que significa parcial. 
GABARITO: D 
 
QUESTÃO 05 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the alternative containing the correct verb forms to 
complete the gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 1, 1 and 3 respectively 
A) Is, was, are 
B) Was, were, are 
C) Is, were, are 
D) Was, was, are 
E) Was, were, were 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “was”, pois a frase se refere à uma 
pergunta feita no ano passado, ou seja, “Existe uma pandemia ou duas? Essa foi uma pergunta 
quefoi feita há um ano...”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “were”, pois a frase se refere à algo que aconteceu no 
passado, ou seja, “Será que o mundo rico era mais vulnerável, de alguma forma, porque suas 
populações eram mais velhas...”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “are”, pois a frase se refere a algo que está acontecendo 
agora, ou seja, “...que também relata que infecções e hospitalizações em pessoas com idade entre 
25 e 59 anos estão aumentando a uma taxa alarmante”. 
GABARITO: B 
 
QUESTÃO 06 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – According to the text, choose the correct statement 
The COVID-19 pandemic has always affected all countries homogeneously 
A) Wealthier countries were affected first by the pandemic because of their greater vulnerability 
B) At the beginning of the pandemic, some people believed that the worst would come with the 
involvement of 
C) COVID-19 in poor countries 
D) After about a year, the end of the pandemic is near 
E) Last week, there were drops in the rates of coronavirus infections 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que a 
pandemia COVID-19 sempre afetou todos os países de maneira homogênea, mas sim, que no 
início, afetou mais os países ricos. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “...a question being 
asked a year ago, when wealthy countries accounting for only 15% of the global population had 
80% of the Covid deaths”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que os países mais 
ricos foram afetados primeiro pela pandemia devido à sua maior vulnerabilidade, pois o texto não 
afirma isso, apenas questiona. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Could it be that the rich 
world was more vulnerable, somehow…”. 
A alternativa C está correta. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que no início da pandemia, 
algumas pessoas acreditavam que o pior viria com o envolvimento da COVID-19 nos países pobres, 
assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Even then, some were 
warning that the worst was yet to come, once the disease took hold in poorer countries”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que após cerca de um 
ano, o fim da pandemia está próximo, mas sim, que ainda está longe de terminar. Isso pode ser 
confirmado com o trecho “...the Pandemic is far from over”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. De acordo com o texto, não é correto afirmar que na semana 
passada, houve queda nas taxas de infecções por coronavírus, mas sim, que foi o maior número 
de novos casos registrado. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “Last week saw more than 5.8 
million new cases of Covid globally, the highest number yet”. 
GABARITO: C 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 07, 08 e 09 
(Título omitido propositalmente) 
The panel, set up by the World Health Organization, said the combined response of the WHO and 
global governments was a "toxic cocktail". 
The WHO should have declared a global emergency earlier than it did, its report said, adding that 
without urgent change the world was vulnerable to another major disease outbreak. 
More than 3.3 million people around the world have now died of Covid. 
While the US and Europe are beginning to ease restrictions and resume some aspects of pre-
pandemic life, the virus is still devastating parts of Asia. 
India in particular is seeing record-breaking numbers of new cases and deaths, with severe oxygen 
shortages in hospitals across the country. 
Countries neighbouring India, such as Nepal, are also seeing surges of the virus. 
What did the report say? 
Covid-19: Make it the Last Pandemic, was compiled by the Independent Panel for Pandemic 
Preparedness and Response. 
Its aim was to find answers as to how the virus had killed more than 3.3 million people and infected 
more than 159 million. 
"The situation we find ourselves in today could have been prevented," co-chair Ellen Johnson 
Sirleaf, a former president of Liberia, told reporters. 
"It is due to a myriad of failures, gaps and delays in preparedness and response." 
The panel argued that the WHO's Emergency Committee should have declared the outbreak in 
China an international emergency a week earlier than it did. 
It should have done so at its first meeting on 22 January last year, the report said, instead of waiting 
until 30 January. 
The month following the WHO's declaration was "lost" as countries failed to take appropriate 
measures to halt the spread of the virus. 
The WHO was then hindered by its own regulations that travel restrictions should be a last resort, 
the panel said, adding that Europe and the US wasted the entire month of February and acted 
only when their hospitals began to fill up. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57085505) 
 
QUESTÃO 07 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the most appropriate title for the text 
A) Covid-19 pandemic was preventable, report says 
B) The return to the pre-pandemic routine in the USA and Europe 
C) More recent data shows an increase in the number of deaths due to COVID-19 
D) Why is Covid-19 more intense in poorer countries? 
E) Why the pandemic has intensified socioeconomic inequalities around the world 
 
 
 
 
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Comentários: A alternativa A está correta. O título mais apropriado para o texto é “A pandemia de 
Covid-19 era evitável, diz o relatório”, assim como esta opção indica. Isso pode ser confirmado 
com o trecho “The situation we find ourselves in today could have been prevented”. 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O título mais apropriado para o texto não é “O retorno à rotina pré-
pandêmica nos EUA e na Europa”, mas sim, “A pandemia de Covid-19 era evitável, diz o relatório”. 
Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The situation we find ourselves in today could have been 
prevented”. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O título mais apropriado para o texto não é “Dados mais recentes 
mostram aumento no número de óbitos por COVID-19”, mas sim, “A pandemia de Covid-19 era 
evitável, diz o relatório”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The situation we find ourselves 
in today could have been prevented”. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O título mais apropriado para o texto não é “Por que a Covid-19 é 
mais intensa nos países mais pobres?”, mas sim, “A pandemia de Covid-19 era evitável, diz o 
relatório”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The situation we find ourselves in today could 
have been prevented”. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. O título mais apropriado para o texto não é “Por que a pandemia 
intensificou as desigualdades socioeconômicas em todo o mundo”, mas sim, “A pandemia de 
Covid-19 era evitável, diz o relatório”. Isso pode ser confirmado com o trecho “The situation we 
find ourselves in today could have been prevented”. 
GABARITO: A 
 
QUESTÃO 08 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – What kind of text is this? 
A) Letter 
B) Essay 
C) Opinion article 
D) Textbook 
E) News report 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. O texto dado não é uma carta, mas sim, um relatório 
de notícia (news report). 
A alternativa B está incorreta. O texto dado não é uma redação, mas sim, um relatório de notícia 
(news report). 
A alternativa C está incorreta. O texto dado não é um artigo de opinião, mas sim, um relatório de 
notícia (news report). 
A alternativa D está incorreta. O texto dado não é um livro didático, mas sim, um relatório de 
notícia (news report). 
A alternativa E está correta. O texto dado é um relatório de notícia, assim como esta opção indica. 
GABARITO: E 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
QUESTÃO 09 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – In the sentence “The WHO was thenhindered by its own 
regulations that travel restrictions should be a last resort…” (paragraph 14), the word hindered 
means 
A) Encouraged 
B) Burdened 
C) Approved 
D) Neutralized 
E) Supported 
Comentários: A alternativa A está incorreta. A palavra “hindered” significa impedido e não pode 
ser comparada com a palavra “encouraged”, que significa encorajado. 
A alternativa B está correta. A palavra “hindered” significa impedido e pode ser comparada com a 
palavra “burdened”, que significa sobrecarregado/impedido. 
A alternativa C está incorreta. A palavra “hindered” significa impedido e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “approved”, que significa aprovado. 
A alternativa D está incorreta. A palavra “hindered” significa impedido e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “neutralized”, que significa neutralizado. 
A alternativa E está incorreta. A palavra “hindered” significa impedido e não pode ser comparada 
com a palavra “supported”, que significa apoiado. 
GABARITO: B 
 
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão 10 
Teens Aged 12 to 15 Can Now Get Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in the U.S. 
___ (1) May 10, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) extended authorization of the Pfizer-
BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to 12- to 15-year-olds. It’s the first COVID-19 shot authorized for this 
younger population. 
“I cannot tell you how many people have been anxiously awaiting this day to get their kids 
vaccinated,” says Dr. Flor Munoz, a pediatric infectious disease specialist ___ (2) Texas Children’s 
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, and a member of the infectious disease committee of 
the American Academy of Pediatrics. 
The green light was based on review of data the two companies released in March showing that 
two doses of their vaccine provided similar protection from COVID-19 disease among this age 
group as it did for adults. Among the more than 2,200 teens in the study group the FDA reviewed, 
16 developed COVID-19—none of them were in the vaccinated group. 
The companies’ studies found that levels of virus-fighting antibodies were on average higher 
among the 12- to 15-year-olds that got the vaccine than among vaccinated 16- to 25-year-olds in 
previous studies. 
“This is part of the totality of getting our country protected against COVID-19, which is just waiting 
around ___ (3) corner to come have another wave if we don’t get a sufficient degree of 
 
 
 
 
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vaccination,” said Dr. Peter Marks, director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at 
the FDA, during a briefing discussing the decision. 
The authorization was based on a so-called “bridging” study, in which researchers used data from 
the previous study in adults to set thresholds for safety and efficacy. Building off of the success of 
the adult studies enabled the scientists to enroll some 2,000 12- to 15-year-olds, rather than the 
tens of thousands of adults that the earlier studies required. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/6047384/teens-pfizer-covid-vaccine/) 
 
QUESTÃO 10 (EsPCEx/INÉDITA) – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to 
complete the gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 1, 2 and 4 respectively 
A) In, at, X 
B) On, in, the 
C) On, in, X 
D) On, at, the 
E) In, at, the 
Comentários: A primeira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “on”, pois se refere ao dia em que 
ocorreu a autorização, ou seja, “Em 10 de maio, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dos EUA 
estendeu a autorização da vacina Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 para crianças de 12 a 15 anos de 
idade”. 
A segunda lacuna deve ser preenchida com “at”, pois a frase se refere ao local onde Flor Munoz 
exerce sua função, ou seja, “...diz o Dr. Flor Munoz, especialista em doenças infecciosas pediátricas 
do Texas Children’s Hospital e Baylor College of Medicine...”. 
A terceira lacuna deve ser preenchida com “the”, pois se refere à expressão “around the corner”, 
ou seja, “Isso faz parte da totalidade de proteger nosso país contra a COVID-19, que está 
esperando virando a esquina para ter outra onda...”. 
GABARITO: D 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS 
 Outra aula alcançada com sucesso – outro passo até a sua aprovação! 
 E, dia após dia, os tópicos aprendidos aumentam, seu conhecimento fica mais amplo, o 
vocabulário que você conhece se estende e a tendência é melhorar e ser capaz de alcançar a 
aprovação de fato. 
 Nota-se o avanço em seus estudos e, provavelmente, uma maior tranquilidade para 
enfrentar os exercícios que surgem. E você vai se acostumando a equilibrar seus estudos de forma 
sistematizada, estudando cada vez mais e com mais dedicação. 
 Outro detalhe importante para seu sucesso nos estudos é continuar fazendo listas de 
palavras e verbos, participar das aulas complementares, fazer simulados e pedir ajuda quando 
precisar. 
Isso te ajudará nas questões futuras e torna você, como eu disse antes, um candidato mais bem 
preparado e confiante para realizar uma excelente prova de vestibular. 
 É importante lembrar também do nosso Fórum de dúvidas, exclusivo do Estratégia 
Militares. Será minha forma de responder você, esclarecer o que mais você precise saber para 
que os conteúdos fiquem ainda mais claros em seus estudos, certo? 
 E, caso queira, acesse minhas redes sociais (Teacher Andrea Belo) para aprender mais 
palavras e contar com dicas importantes, que colaboram diretamente com seus estudos dia após 
dia. 
 
 
 
 
 
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REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS 
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Leitura e compreensão de textos. Salvador, Ba UFBA, 1995, p. 64. 
BROWN. H. Douglas. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice Hall International, 
1988. 
COMPEDELLI, Samira Yousseff. Português, Literatura, Produção de texto & Gramática – São Paulo: 
Ed. Saraiva, 2002. 
CORREIA, Clese Mary P. Reading Specific Purposes. Salvador/ Ba: UFBA, 1999. 
COSTEIRA, Adriana Araújo de M. Reading Comprehension Skills. João Pessoa/PB: ETFP, 1998. 
CRYSTAL David. Cambridge University Press 1997. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. 
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FREEMAN. Diane Larsen. MURCIA. Marianne Celce. The Grammar Book, 1999. 
DYE, Joan., FRANFORT, Nancy. Spectrum II, III A Communicative Course in English. USA, Prentice 
Hall, 1994. 
FAVERO, Maria de Lourdes Albuquerque (org.). Dicionário de educadores no Brasil: da colônia aos 
dias atuais. Rio de Janeiro: UFRJ, MEC, INEP, 1999. 
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GADELHA, Isabel Maria B. Inglês Instrumental: Leitura, Conscientização e Prática. Teresina: 
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GRELLET, Françoise. Developing Reading Skills. Cambridge University Press, 1995 
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KRASHEN. Stephen D. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning, Prentice-Hall 
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LAENG, Mauro. Dicionário de pedagogia. Lisboa: Dom Quixote, 1973. 
LEFFA, Vilson J. Metodologia do ensino de línguas. In: BOHN, H.; VANDRESEN, P. (org.). Tópicos de 
linguística aplicada: o ensino de línguas estrangeiras. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 1988. p. 211-
231. 
LIBERATO, Wilson. Compact English Book Inglês Ensino Médio. São Paulo: FTD, Vol. Único, 1998 
Mc ARTHUR. The Oxford Companion to the EnglishLanguage. Oxford University Press 1992 
Fromkin. Victoria. An Introduction to Language 
MARQUES, Amadeu. Inglês Série Brasil. ed. Atica. São Paulo: 2004. Vol. Único. 
 
 
 
 
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MURPHY, Raymond: Essencial Grammar in Use Oxford. New York Ed. Oxford University, 1997. 
OLIVEIRA, Luciano Amaral. English For Tourism Students. Inglês para Estudantes de Turismo: São 
Paulo, Rocca, 2001. 
OLIVEIRA, Sara Rejane de F. Estratégias de leitura para Inglês Instrumental. Brasília: UNB, 1994. 
QUINTANA, et alli. First Certificate. Master Class Oxford. New York, 2004: Ed. Oxford University. 
PAULINO, Berenice F. et all. Leitura em textos em Inglês – Uma Abordagem Instrumental. Belo 
Horizonte: Ed. Dos Autores, 1992. 
PEREIRA, Edilberto Coelho. Inglês Instrumental. Teresina: ETFPI, 1998. 
RODGES, Theodore. Jack C. Richards. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge 
University Press, 2001. 
RODMAN Robert. Harcourt Brace 1993. English as a Global Language 
STEWART, B., HAINES S. First Certificate, MasterClass. UK – Oxford 2004. 
SILVA, João Antenor de C., GARRIDO, Maria Lina, BARRETO, Tânia Pedrosa. Inglês Instrumental: 
Leitura e Compreensão de Textos. Salvador: Centro Editorial e Didático, UFBA. 1994 
SOARES, Moacir Bretãs. Dicionário de legislação do ensino. 19.ed. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 1981. 
SOUZA, Adriana Srade F. Leitura em Língua Inglesa: Uma abordagem Instrumental. São Paulo: 
Disal, 2005. 
TUCK, Michael. Oxford Dictionary of Computing for Learners of English. Oxford: Oxford University 
Press, 1996. 
TOTIS, Verônica Pakrauskas. Língua Inglesa: leitura. São Paulo: Cortez, 1991. 
 
Livros eletrônicos: 
Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, Editora Objetiva, 2001. 
MOURãO, Janaína Pereira. "Skimming x Scanning"; Brasil Escola. Disponível em 
<https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/ingles/skimming-x-scanning.htm>. Acesso em 20 de março de 
2019. 
www.newsweek.com - Acesso em 18 de março de 2019. 
http://www.galaor.com.br/tecnicas-de-leitura/ - Acesso em 19 de março de 2019. 
Expressões Idiomáticas (continuação)" em Só Língua Inglesa. Virtuous Tecnologia da 
Informação,2008-2019. Consultado em 03/04/2019 às 22:09. Disponível na Internet em 
http://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/Expressoes5.php 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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TRADUÇÕES 
February’s Gonna Be a Big Month for Mars On the 9th, the first of three spacecraft will arrive 
at the Red Planet and inaugurate a new era of Martian exploration. 
 
_______ FEBRUARY 9, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft is expected to enter orbit 
around Mars after a six-month, 300-million-mile journey from Earth. It will mark the beginning of 
a historic month for the Red Planet, which will see three separate national missions enter orbit or 
touch down on the surface. Two of the countries behind these missions, the UAE and China, will 
be visiting Mars for the first time; they will become the fifth and sixth countries to pull off that 
feat, respectively. The third mission, launched _______ NASA, is expected to become the United 
States’ 15th mission to successfully orbit or land on Mars. 
The UAE is the only country that will not attempt a soft landing during the February Mars invasion. 
Instead, its Hope orbiter will study the Martian atmosphere from more than 12,000 miles above 
the surface. Planetary scientists hope that the UAE’s robo-meteorologist will fill in gaps in our 
understanding of the Martian climate and help validate environmental data captured by rovers 
and landers on the ground. For the country’s first foray into deep-space exploration, the UAE 
space agency worked with an international team of researchers at the University of Colorado, 
Boulder, to help plan the mission and build the spacecraft. 
“There’s really no point in exploring outer space without adding to knowledge, and we’ve never 
run a science mission,” Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, the UAE minister of state for advanced sciences 
and science lead for the Emirates Mars Mission, said during a press conference last week. “It 
wasn’t an easy journey, but it was such an enjoyment to rethink how you develop a planetary 
exploration mission.” 
 
 
 
 
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The Hope spacecraft will be the first new orbiter around Mars since the European Space Agency’s 
ExoMars spacecraft arrived in 2016, but it won’t be the newcomer for long. China’s Tianwen-1 
mission—which is a lander, rover, and orbiter rolled up into one—is expected to arrive less than 
a day later. China’s space agency has been quiet about its plans for visiting the Red Planet, but 
the craft is expected to attempt a landing shortly after it achieves orbit. 
Unlike NASA’s car-sized Mars rovers Curiosity and Opportunity, China’s Tianwen-1 rover is small 
enough to stow away inside the stationary lander that will carry it to the surface. Once it has safely 
touched down, the six-wheeled rover will detach itself from the lander and spend the next three 
months exploring its landing site, Utopia Planitia, the planet’s largest impact crater. The rover and 
lander will both relay data _______ the surface to the Tianwen-1 orbiter, which will send it back 
to Earth. Although the Chinese National Space Administration hasn’t provided a lot of details 
about the exact scientific goals of its mission, a paper about it published last year in Nature 
Astronomy says the agency’s goal is to “perform a global and extensive survey of the entire 
planet.” 
On February 18, a little more than a week after this robotic delegation arrives, NASA’s 
Perseverance rover is expected to touch down. This will involve a harrowing descent to the 
surface, during which the rover must reduce its speed from more than 10,000 miles an hour to 
just a few feet per second over the course of 15 minutes. The descent will end with some aerial 
acrobatics, during which a rocket-powered sky crane will gently deposit the rover on the surface 
while hovering a few dozen feet above the ground. 
“Don’t let anybody tell you different—landing _______ Mars is hard to do,” John McNamee, 
project manager for the Perseverance mission at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in a 
statement. “But the women and men on this team are the best in the world at what they do. 
When our spacecraft hits the top of the Mars atmosphere at about three and a half miles per 
second, we’ll be ready.” 
Perseverance is essentially a nuclear-powered self-driving car, and its primary mission is to collect 
samples that will be picked up by another spacecraft later this decade and returned to Earth. With 
any luck, this red dust will contain evidence that Mars once hosted microbial life. But whether 
scientists will recognize extraterrestrial life when they see it remains an open question. Aside from 
hunting for aliens, Perseverance will also enable a first-of-its-kind technology demonstration 
involving a small helicopter called Ingenuity. A few days after landing, Perseverance will jettison 
the helicopter in a clearing where it will attempt several short flights. If it works, it will be the first 
time an aircraft has flown on another planet. 
The arrival of three national missions on Mars within two weeks of one another is a historic 
moment in the history of space exploration. It underscores the rapid development of space 
capabilities around the world and the true internationalization of planetary exploration. Mars was 
once the exclusive stomping grounds of the United States and the Soviet Union, but it is now also 
an accessible destination for the European Union, Japan, India, the UAE, and China. Getting to 
Mars is still a major challenge—historically only 40 percent of Mars missions have been 
successful—and there’s no guaranteethat all three missions will succeed in their objectives. But 
launching a trio of spacecraft to our closest planetary neighbor is a major achievement and bodes 
well for the future of space exploration. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/februarys-gonna-be-a-big-month-for-mars/) 
 
 
 
 
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Fevereiro vai ser um grande mês para Marte No dia 9, a primeira das três espaçonaves 
chegará ao Planeta Vermelho e inaugurará uma nova era de exploração marciana. 
 
_______ 9 de fevereiro, espera-se que a espaçonave Hope dos Emirados Árabes Unidos entre em 
órbita ao redor de Marte após uma viagem de 300 milhões de milhas da Terra de seis meses. Isso 
marcará o início de um mês histórico para o Planeta Vermelho, que verá três missões nacionais 
separadas entrarem em órbita ou tocarem na superfície. Dois dos países por trás dessas missões, 
os Emirados Árabes Unidos e a China, visitarão Marte pela primeira vez; eles se tornarão o quinto 
e o sexto países a realizarem essa façanha, respectivamente. A terceira missão, lançada _______ 
da NASA, deverá se tornar a 15ª missão dos Estados Unidos a orbitar ou pousar em Marte com 
sucesso. 
Os Emirados Árabes Unidos são o único país que não fará um pouso suave durante a invasão de 
Marte em fevereiro. Em vez disso, seu orbitador Hope estudará a atmosfera marciana a mais de 
12.000 milhas acima da superfície. Cientistas planetários esperam que o robô meteorologista dos 
Emirados Árabes Unidos preencha as lacunas em nossa compreensão do clima marciano e ajude 
a validar os dados ambientais capturados por rovers e pousadores no solo. Para a primeira 
incursão do país na exploração do espaço profundo, a agência espacial dos Emirados Árabes 
Unidos trabalhou com uma equipe internacional de pesquisadores da Universidade do Colorado, 
em Boulder, para ajudar a planejar a missão e construir a espaçonave. 
“Não há realmente nenhum ponto em explorar o espaço sideral sem adicionar conhecimento, e 
nunca dirigimos uma missão científica”, disse Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, a ministra de estado dos 
Emirados Árabes Unidos para ciências avançadas e liderança científica da Missão dos Emirados 
Marte, durante uma conferência de imprensa na semana passada. “Não foi uma jornada fácil, mas 
foi um prazer repensar como você desenvolve uma missão de exploração planetária.” 
A espaçonave Hope será a primeira nova órbita em torno de Marte desde que a espaçonave 
ExoMars da Agência Espacial Europeia chegou em 2016, mas não será a nova nave por muito 
tempo. A missão Tianwen-1 da China - que é um módulo de pouso, rover e orbital reunidos em 
 
 
 
 
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um só - deve chegar menos de um dia depois. A agência espacial da China não disse nada sobre 
seus planos de visitar o Planeta Vermelho, mas a nave deve tentar pousar logo após entrar em 
órbita. 
Ao contrário dos rovers de Marte Curiosity and Opportunity do tamanho de um carro da NASA, o 
rover chinês Tianwen-1 é pequeno o suficiente para ser guardado dentro do módulo de pouso 
estacionário que o levará para a superfície. Assim que pousar com segurança, o rover de seis rodas 
se separará da sonda e passará os próximos três meses explorando seu local de pouso, Utopia 
Planitia, a maior cratera de impacto do planeta. O rover e o módulo de pouso irão retransmitir 
dados _______ da superfície para o orbitador Tianwen-1, que os enviará de volta à Terra. Embora 
a Administração Espacial Nacional chinesa não tenha fornecido muitos detalhes sobre os objetivos 
científicos exatos de sua missão, um artigo sobre o assunto publicado no ano passado na Nature 
Astronomy afirma que o objetivo da agência é “realizar uma pesquisa global e extensa em todo o 
planeta . ” 
Em 18 de fevereiro, um pouco mais de uma semana após a chegada desta delegação robótica, o 
rover Perseverance da NASA deve pousar. Isso envolverá uma descida angustiante à superfície, 
durante a qual o rover deve reduzir sua velocidade de mais de 16 mil quilômetros por hora para 
apenas alguns pés por segundo ao longo de 15 minutos. A descida terminará com algumas 
acrobacias aéreas, durante as quais um guindaste do céu movido a foguete depositará 
suavemente o rover na superfície enquanto paira algumas dezenas de metros acima do solo. 
“Não deixe ninguém lhe dizer algo diferente - pousar _______ em Marte é difícil”, disse John 
McNamee, gerente de projeto da missão Perseverance no Laboratório de Propulsão a Jato da 
NASA, em um comunicado. “Mas as mulheres e os homens desta equipe são os melhores do 
mundo no que fazem. Quando nossa espaçonave atingir o topo da atmosfera de Marte a cerca de 
três milhas e meia por segundo, estaremos prontos. ” 
O Perseverance é essencialmente um carro autônomo movido a energia nuclear, e sua missão 
principal é coletar amostras que serão coletadas por outra espaçonave no final desta década e 
devolvidas à Terra. Com alguma sorte, essa poeira vermelha conterá evidências de que Marte já 
hospedou vida microbiana. Mas se os cientistas reconhecerão a vida extraterrestre quando a 
virem, permanece uma questão em aberto. Além de caçar alienígenas, o Perseverance também 
permitirá uma demonstração de tecnologia inédita envolvendo um pequeno helicóptero 
chamado Ingenuity. Poucos dias após o pouso, o Perseverance lançará o helicóptero em uma 
clareira onde tentará vários voos curtos. Se funcionar, será a primeira vez que uma aeronave 
voará em outro planeta. 
A chegada de três missões nacionais a Marte com duas semanas de diferença é um momento 
histórico na história da exploração espacial. Ele ressalta o rápido desenvolvimento das 
capacidades espaciais em todo o mundo e a verdadeira internacionalização da exploração 
planetária ação. Marte já foi o reduto exclusivo dos Estados Unidos e da União Soviética, mas 
agora também é um destino acessível para a União Europeia, Japão, Índia, Emirados Árabes 
Unidos e China. Chegar a Marte ainda é um grande desafio - historicamente, apenas 40 por cento 
das missões a Marte foram bem-sucedidas - e não há garantia de que todas as três missões terão 
sucesso em seus objetivos. Mas lançar um trio de naves espaciais ao nosso vizinho planetário mais 
próximo é uma grande conquista e um bom presságio para o futuro da exploração espacial. 
 
 
 
 
 
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IN LOS ANGELES, the corner of Melrose and Harper has become a tourist destination to rival the 
Eiffel Tower, or the graffitied remains of the Berlin Wall. Rather than an architectural marvel or a 
piece of living history, people line up (or did, in pre-Covid times) to visit the bright pink exterior 
wall of Paul Smith, a clothing retailer. The wall—repainted every three months in the Pantone 
shade “Pink Ladies”—is the background to hundreds of thousands of photos, making it one of the 
most Instagrammed places in Los Angeles, and even the world. 
(Adapted from https://www.wired.com/story/fake-famous-review-instagram-influencers-documentary/) 
 
EM LOS ANGELES, a esquina da Melrose com a Harper tornou-se um destino turístico que rivaliza 
com a Torre Eiffel ou com os restos grafitados do Muro de Berlim. Em vez de uma maravilha 
arquitetônica ou um pedaço da história viva, as pessoas fazem fila (ou faziam, em tempos pré-
Covid) para visitar a parede externa rosa brilhante de Paul Smith, um varejista de roupas. A parede 
– repintada a cada três meses no tom Pantone “Pink Ladies” - é o plano de fundo para centenas 
de milhares de fotos, tornando-se um dos lugares mais Instagrammed em Los Angeles, e até 
mesmo no mundo. 
 
 
Russian Fabergé exhibition contains 'at least 20 fakes', expert says 
Andre Ruzhnikov accuses director Mikhail Piotrovsky of ‘destroying the authority of the museum’ 
A Russian museum __________ to closea Fabergé exhibition that contains items loaned from the 
personal collection of a billionaire, after a prominent expert said it contained more than a dozen fakes. 
In a letter, the art dealer Andre Ruzhnikov accused the Hermitage Museum’s director, Mikhail 
Piotrovsky, of “destroying the authority of the museum” by hosting the Fabergé: Jeweller to the 
Imperial Court show, which runs until 14 March. 
Ruzhnikov told the Guardian that the exhibition included at least 20 fakes, and that he thought the 
exhibition, which is the first big Fabergé event at the St Petersburg institution since 1993, should close 
immediately. He said: “I want the shame to end. I want this show to be closed and forgotten, and 
that’s it. You cannot subject the Hermitage to such shame.” 
The Hermitage and Alexander Ivanov have denied the claims and the billionaire produced documents 
that support the authenticity of the items that were loaned from the Fabergé Museum in Baden-
Baden, which he established in 2009. 
Piotrovsky and the Hermitage did not respond to a request for comment. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2021/feb/01/russian-faberge-exhibition-contains-fakes-expert-says) 
 
A exposição russa Fabergé contém 'pelo menos 20 falsificações', diz especialista 
Andre Ruzhnikov acusa o diretor Mikhail Piotrovsky de "destruir a autoridade do museu" 
Um museu russo __________ para fechar uma exposição de Fabergé que contém itens 
emprestados da coleção pessoal de um bilionário, depois que um importante especialista disse 
que ela continha mais de uma dúzia de falsificações. 
 
 
 
 
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Em uma carta, o negociante de arte Andre Ruzhnikov acusou o diretor do Museu Hermitage, 
Mikhail Piotrovsky, de "destruir a autoridade do museu" ao hospedar a mostra Fabergé: Joalheiro 
da Corte Imperial, que vai até 14 de março. 
Ruzhnikov disse ao Guardian que a exposição incluía pelo menos 20 falsificações e que ele achava 
que a exposição, que é o primeiro grande evento Fabergé na instituição de São Petersburgo desde 
1993, deveria fechar imediatamente. Ele disse: “Quero que a vergonha acabe. Eu quero que esse 
show seja encerrado e esquecido, e é isso. Você não pode sujeitar l'Hermitage a tal vergonha. ” 
O Hermitage e Alexander Ivanov negaram as reivindicações e o bilionário produziu documentos 
que comprovam a autenticidade dos itens que foram emprestados do Museu Fabergé em Baden-
Baden, que ele fundou em 2009. 
Piotrovsky e o Hermitage não responderam a um pedido de comentário. 
 
 
When will offices be full again? 
Maybe never, some executives say. 
By Lauren Hirsch 
Many companies do not expect their workers to return to offices until next summer, and even 
then things may never be the same as before, judging by the comments executives made this 
week, highlighted in today’s DealBook newsletter. 
On earnings calls, executives from Goldman Sachs said that about a third of workers in New York 
and London were coming in regularly; at JPMorgan Chase, it’s around 20 percent in both cities; 
and Citigroup said “a small percentage” of employees in North America had returned. 
“Being together enables greater collaboration, which is key to our culture,” said David M. 
Solomon, Goldman’s chief. But Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan acknowledged that some working 
habits may have changed permanently, which “will ultimately reduce the space you need for your 
employees.” Terrance R. Dolan, the finance chief at U.S. Bancorp, told analysts that the bank will 
most likely “consolidate” its corporate real estate to reflect “the new horizon.” 
Is that a problem? Steven J. Goulart, the chief investment officer at MetLife, said at a regulatory 
round table that the “pressure to de-densify” offices to support social distancing could support 
demand for real estate even if buildings aren’t as full as before. 
And as executives conduct more business remotely, going back to in-person meetings and pitches 
seems less urgent. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, the chairman of Indian conglomerate Tata Sons, 
said in an interview with The New York Times that he used to fly from India to the United States 
to pitch a $50,000 project. But recently, he said, his firm’s consultancy business closed $2 billion 
worth of deals in “five or six Zoom calls.” 
There are other perks from working at home. BlackRock’s Laurence D. Fink is excited about what 
employees could do with the time they save on daily commutes. “They could spend two hours 
improving their health by exercising,” he said on a conference call. “They could spend two hours 
more in building a deeper, stronger, more resilient family.” 
 
 
 
 
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Paul Draovitch of Duke Energy said at an investor event that working from home was “not without 
risks,” but also brought certain benefits: “When my Pomeranians walk into the room, it's really a 
pleasure.” 
Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/16/business/when-will-offices-be-full-again-maybe-never-some-executives-say.html 
 
Quando os escritórios estarão cheios novamente? 
Talvez nunca, dizem alguns executivos. 
Por Lauren Hirsch 
Muitas empresas não esperam que seus funcionários voltem aos escritórios até o próximo verão 
e, mesmo assim, as coisas podem nunca mais ser as mesmas de antes, a julgar pelos comentários 
que os executivos fizeram esta semana, destacados no boletim informativo DealBook de hoje. 
Em chamadas de lucros, executivos da Goldman Sachs disseram que cerca de um terço dos 
trabalhadores em Nova York e Londres vinham regularmente; no JPMorgan Chase, é cerca de 20% 
nas duas cidades; e o Citigroup disse que “uma pequena porcentagem” de funcionários na 
América do Norte havia retornado. 
“Estarmos juntos permite uma maior colaboração, que é a chave para nossa cultura”, disse David 
M. Solomon, chefe do Goldman. Mas Jamie Dimon, do JPMorgan, reconheceu que alguns hábitos 
de trabalho podem ter mudado permanentemente, o que “acabará reduzindo o espaço de que 
você precisa para seus funcionários”. Terrance R. Dolan, chefe financeiro do U.S. Bancorp, disse a 
analistas que o banco provavelmente "consolidará" seu patrimônio corporativo para refletir "o 
novo horizonte". 
Isso é um problema? Steven J. Goulart, o diretor de investimentos da MetLife, disse em uma mesa 
redonda regulatória que a "pressão para diminuir a densidade" de escritórios para apoiar o 
distanciamento social poderia apoiar a demanda por imóveis, mesmo que os prédios não 
estivessem tão cheios como antes. 
E, à medida que os executivos conduzem mais negócios remotamente, voltar às reuniões e 
apresentações pessoais parece menos urgente. Natarajan Chandrasekaran, presidente do 
conglomerado indiano Tata Sons, disse em uma entrevista ao The New York Times que costumava 
voar da Índia para os Estados Unidos para lançar um projeto de US $ 50.000. Mas recentemente, 
disse ele, o negócio de consultoria de sua empresa fechou negócios no valor de US $ 2 bilhões em 
"cinco ou seis ligações da Zoom". 
Existem outras vantagens de trabalhar em casa. Laurence D. Fink, da BlackRock, está animado 
com o que os funcionários podem fazer com o tempo que economizam no deslocamento diário. 
“Eles poderiam passar duas horas melhorando sua saúde se exercitando”, disse ele em uma 
teleconferência. “Eles poderiam gastar mais duas horas construindo uma família mais profunda, 
mais forte e mais resiliente.” 
Paul Draovitch, da Duke Energy, disse em um evento para investidores que trabalhar em casa 
“não era isento de riscos”, mas também trouxe alguns benefícios: “Quando meus pomeranos 
entram na sala, é realmente um prazer”. 
 
 
 
 
 
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Inflation: Used cars and food push US prices higher 
Consumer prices jumped 5.4%in the 12 months to the end of June, up from 5% _______ previous 
month. 
It marks the biggest 12-month increase _______ August 2008, according to the US Labor 
Department. 
Inflation, which measures the rate at which cost of living increases, has been rising as the economy 
reopens from coronavirus lockdowns. 
It has sparked fears that prices _______ increasing too quickly, which could prompt the Federal 
Reserve to push up interest rates or pull back on pandemic support earlier than expected. 
However, some economists and the Federal Reserve say that the inflationary pressures will be 
temporary. 
Used vehicles accounted for one-third of the increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) _______ 
June, the Labor Department said _______ Tuesday. 
But prices also reflected a broader surge in consumer demand as restrictions eased, with the costs 
of meals in restaurants and cafes, hotel stays and airline tickets all rising last month. 
(https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57573387) 
 
Inflação: carros usados e alimentos elevam os preços nos EUA 
Os preços ao consumidor subiram 5,4% nos 12 meses até o final de junho, ante 5% _______ do 
mês anterior. 
É o maior aumento em 12 meses _______ de agosto de 2008, de acordo com o Departamento do 
Trabalho dos EUA. 
A inflação, que mede a taxa de aumento do custo de vida, tem aumentado à medida que a 
economia se reabre devido ao bloqueio do coronavírus. 
Isso gerou temores de que os preços _______ subam muito rapidamente, o que poderia levar o 
Federal Reserve a elevar as taxas de juros ou reduzir o apoio à pandemia mais cedo do que o 
esperado. 
No entanto, alguns economistas e o Federal Reserve dizem que as pressões inflacionárias serão 
temporárias. 
Os veículos usados foram responsáveis por um terço do aumento no Índice de Preços ao 
Consumidor (IPC) de _______ junho, o Departamento do Trabalho disse _______ terça-feira. 
Mas os preços também refletiram um aumento mais amplo na demanda do consumidor à medida 
que as restrições diminuíram, com os custos de refeições em restaurantes e cafés, estadias em 
hotéis e passagens aéreas aumentando no mês passado. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Lost Dog 
Sam saw a dog on the sidewalk. The dog looked lost. Sam approached the dog and patted its head. 
The dog wagged his tail. The dog had a collar. Sam looked at the collar and it read the dog's name. 
Its name was Spike. Spike was a small dog and looked well-groomed. “Come on, Spike,” he said to 
the dog. The dog followed him home. He brought the dog upstairs to his room. He had a jar of 
dog food because he used to have a dog. He poured the dog food into a bowl and placed it in front 
of Spike. Spike started eating. “I'll take care of you, Spike,” he said to the dog. He knew the dog 
did not belong to him. He printed posters of Spike that said “Found Dog”. He went around hanging 
the poster but nobody came to find Spike. 
(Adapted from <https://www.eslfast.com/begin2/b2/b2014.htm>) 
 
Cachorro perdido 
Sam viu um cachorro na calçada. O cachorro parecia perdido. Sam se aproximou do cachorro e 
acariciou sua cabeça. O cachorro abanou o rabo. O cachorro tinha uma coleira. Sam olhou para a 
coleira e leu o nome do cachorro. Seu nome era Spike. Spike era um cachorro pequeno e parecia 
bem cuidado. “Vamos, Spike”, ele disse ao cachorro. O cachorro o seguiu para casa. Ele levou o 
cachorro para seu quarto no andar de cima. Ele tinha um pote de comida de cachorro porque 
costumava ter um cachorro. Ele despejou a comida de cachorro em uma tigela e colocou na frente 
de Spike. Spike começou a comer. “Vou cuidar de você, Spike”, disse ele ao cachorro. Ele sabia 
que o cachorro não pertencia a ele. Ele imprimiu pôsteres de Spike que diziam “Cachorro 
Encontrado”. Ele andou pendurando o pôster, mas ninguém apareceu para encontrar Spike. 
 
 
We must not let hope abandon us, because God, with his love, walks with us. “I hope, because 
God is beside me”: we can all say this. Each one of us can say: “I hope, I have hope, because God 
walks with me.” He walks and he holds my hand. God does not leave us to ourselves. The Lord 
Jesus has conquered evil and has opened the path of life for us. Let us allow the Lord to teach us 
what it means to hope. ___________, let us listen to the words of Sacred Scripture, beginning 
with the prophet Isaiah, the great messenger of hope. 
By Pope Francis 
 
Não devemos deixar a esperança nos abandonar, porque Deus, com seu amor, caminha conosco. 
“Espero, porque Deus está ao meu lado”: todos podemos dizer isso. Cada um de nós pode dizer: 
“Espero, tenho esperança, porque Deus caminha comigo”. Ele caminha e segura minha mão. Deus 
não nos deixa sozinhos. O Senhor Jesus venceu o mal e abriu o caminho da vida para nós. Vamos 
permitir que o Senhor nos ensine o que significa ter esperança. ___________, ouçamos as 
palavras da Sagrada Escritura, começando pelo profeta Isaías, o grande mensageiro da esperança. 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Adele – Someone Like You 
I heard that you're settled down 
That you found a girl and you're married now 
I heard that your dreams came true 
Guess she gave you things, I didn't give to you 
Old friend, why are you so shy? 
Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light 
I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited 
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it 
I had hoped you'd see my face 
And that you'd be reminded that for me, it isn't over 
(Adapted from https://www.letras.mus.br/adele/1778689/) 
 
Adele - Alguém como você 
Ouvi dizer que você sossegou 
Que você encontrou uma garota e está casado agora 
Ouvi dizer que seus sonhos se tornaram realidade 
Acho que ela deu coisas pra você, eu não dei pra você 
Velho amigo, por que você é tão tímido? 
Não é como se você se contivesse ou se escondesse da luz 
Eu odeio aparecer do nada, sem ser convidado 
Mas eu não pude ficar longe, não pude lutar contra isso 
Eu esperava que você visse meu rosto 
E que você seja lembrado de que, para mim, ainda não acabou 
 
 
There’s no end to the benefits of donating blood for those who need it. 
According to the American Red Cross, one donation can save as many as three lives, and someone 
in the United States needs blood every two seconds. 
It turns out that donating blood doesn’t just benefit recipients. There are health benefits for 
donors, too, on top of the benefits that come from helping others. 
Donating blood has benefits for your emotional and physical health. According to a report by the 
Mental Health Foundation, helping others can: reduce stress, improve your emotional well-being, 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
benefit your physical health, help get rid of negative feelings, provide a sense of belonging and 
reduce isolation. 
Research has found further evidence of the health benefits that come specifically from donating 
blood. 
 
Não há fim para os benefícios de doar sangue para quem precisa. 
De acordo com a Cruz Vermelha americana, uma doação pode salvar até três vidas, e alguém nos 
Estados Unidos precisa de sangue a cada dois segundos. 
Acontece que doar sangue não beneficia apenas os destinatários. Também existem benefícios 
para a saúde para os doadores, além dos benefícios que advêm de ajudar os outros. 
Doar sangue traz benefícios para sua saúde física e emocional. De acordo com um relatório da 
Fundação de Saúde Mental, ajudar os outros pode: reduzir o estresse, melhorar seu bem-estar 
emocional, beneficiar sua saúde física, ajudar a livrar-se de sentimentos negativos, proporcionar 
um sentimento de pertencimento e reduzir o isolamento. 
Pesquisas encontraram evidências adicionais dos benefícios à saúde que vêm especificamenteda 
doação de sangue. 
 
 
Online school to continue into next academic year amid risk of further disruption 
A virtual school will stay open for at least most of the next academic year amid a rise in the number 
of pupils selfisolating. 
Oak National Academy has been used by pupils and teachers to support remote learning - which 
has taken place during lockdowns and - during the Covid pandemic. 
The Reach Foundation, which the school is part of, said it will keep operating at no cost for at least 
the next two terms. 
The charity said this will help teachers to plan for the start of the next academic year by being 
able to access Oak National Academy’s online lessons and learning resources. 
The announcement comes against a backdrop of rising Covid infections in the UK and the large 
numbers of children self-isolating as the school year drew to a close. 
More than one million children were out of school last week due to Covid-related reasons - such 
as a positive test, suspected Covid case or being told to isolate - just before schools broke up for 
the summer holiday. 
In the final weeks of term, over 300,000 pupils used Oak National Academy’s online learning 
lessons and resources. 
Schools are already considering what measures they may need to put in place should pupils test 
positive, or they are asked to self-isolate in the next academic year. 
The extension of the virtual school into the autumn and spring terms is backed by £2.1m in funding 
from the Department for Education (DfE). 
 
 
 
 
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Ed Vainker from the Reach Foundation - which has incubated Oak since its launch - said the charity 
understood teachers wanted the online school to continue. 
“We are also mindful that Covid-19 will be with us in some form for the foreseeable future, and 
the autumn and winter may bring further disruption,” the chief executive said. 
“I’m therefore pleased the DfE will continue to support Oak, so it remains open and free as part 
of resilience planning for the next two terms.” 
Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said: “From being set up by a small group of teachers in under 
two weeks, Oak National Academy has become one of the great success stories as we tackle the 
pandemic.” 
He said the online school helped millions of pupils and teachers while most children were not 
allowed to set foot in school during a lockdown last spring and one at the start of this year. 
But even since after all students were allowed back on since in March, Oak National Academy said 
30,000 teachers have used its services a week, with demand rising amid the spread of the Delta 
variant. 
“The impact Oak has made and the good it has done for the sector and children is immeasurable, 
and we will now look for the best way to harness that for the future,” Mr Gibb added. 
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/uk-online-school-two-terms-b1888491.html 
 
Escola online para continuar no próximo ano letivo em meio ao risco de mais interrupções 
Uma escola virtual permanecerá aberta pelo menos durante a maior parte do próximo ano letivo 
em meio a um aumento no número de alunos que se auto-isolam. 
A Oak National Academy tem sido usada por alunos e professores para apoiar o aprendizado 
remoto - que ocorreu durante bloqueios e - durante a pandemia de Covid. 
A Fundação Reach, da qual a escola faz parte, disse que continuará operando sem custo pelo 
menos nos próximos dois períodos. 
A instituição de caridade disse que isso ajudará os professores a planejarem o início do próximo 
ano acadêmico, podendo acessar as aulas online e os recursos de aprendizagem da Oak National 
Academy. 
O anúncio vem em um cenário de aumento de infecções por Covid no Reino Unido e o grande 
número de crianças se isolando enquanto o ano letivo se aproximava. 
Mais de um milhão de crianças estiveram fora da escola na semana passada devido a motivos 
relacionados à Covid - como um teste positivo, suspeita de caso Covid ou ser informada para se 
isolar - pouco antes do término das aulas para as férias de verão. 
Nas últimas semanas do semestre, mais de 300.000 alunos usaram as lições e recursos de 
aprendizagem online da Oak National Academy. 
As escolas já estão considerando quais medidas podem precisar implementar caso os alunos 
tenham resultados positivos, ou se eles forem solicitados a isolar-se no próximo ano letivo. 
A extensão da escola virtual para os períodos de outono e primavera é apoiada por £ 2,1 milhões 
em financiamento do Departamento de Educação (DfE). 
 
 
 
 
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Ed Vainker da Reach Foundation - que incubou Oak desde seu lançamento - disse que a instituição 
de caridade entendeu que os professores queriam que a escola online continuasse. 
“Também estamos cientes de que a Covid-19 estará conosco de alguma forma no futuro 
previsível, e o outono e o inverno podem trazer mais perturbações”, disse o presidente-executivo. 
“Estou, portanto, satisfeito que o DfE continuará a apoiar o Oak, então ele permanece aberto e 
gratuito como parte do planejamento de resiliência para os próximos dois mandatos.” 
Nick Gibb, o ministro das escolas, disse: “Tendo sido criada por um pequeno grupo de professores 
em menos de duas semanas, a Oak National Academy tornou-se uma das grandes histórias de 
sucesso no combate à pandemia.” 
Ele disse que a escola online ajudou milhões de alunos e professores, enquanto a maioria das 
crianças não teve permissão para colocar os pés na escola durante um bloqueio na última 
primavera e outro no início deste ano. 
Mas mesmo depois que todos os alunos foram autorizados a voltar em março, a Oak National 
Academy disse que 30.000 professores usaram seus serviços por semana, com a demanda 
crescendo em meio à disseminação da variante Delta. 
“O impacto que a Oak fez e o bem que fez para o setor e as crianças é incomensurável, e agora 
vamos procurar a melhor maneira de aproveitar isso para o futuro”, acrescentou o Sr. Gibb. 
 
 
Cannabis part of the future says tobacco giant 
The UK's largest tobacco firm says it __________ cannabis as part of its future as it tries to move 
away from selling traditional cigarettes. British American Tobacco said it wanted to "accelerate" 
its transformation by reducing the health impact of its products. 
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57995285 
 
Cannabis faz parte do futuro, diz gigante do tabaco 
A maior empresa de tabaco do Reino Unido afirma que __________ cannabis como parte de seu 
futuro, enquanto tenta deixar de vender cigarros tradicionais. A British American Tobacco disse 
que deseja "acelerar" sua transformação reduzindo o impacto de seus produtos na saúde. 
 
 
A Belgian chocolate company is now ____ 3D printers which allow the company to create more 
intricate, difficultto-mould chocolates. The chocolates are intended for people who seek original 
designs. 
The chocolate is melted before _____ poured into a syringe which is attached to the printer and 
since the chocolates are hard to transport, the company _____ to open other shops around the 
world. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/chocolate-3d-printing-level-3/ 
 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
Uma empresa de chocolate belga agora ____ impressoras 3D, o que permite à empresa criar 
chocolates mais complexos e difíceis de moldar. Os chocolates são destinados a pessoas que 
buscam designs originais. 
O chocolate é derretido antes de _____ despejar em uma seringa acoplada à impressora e como 
os chocolates são difíceis de transportar, a empresa _____ abrirá outras lojas ao redor do mundo. 
 
 
The small town of Pelhrimov in the Czech Republic _______ thousands of strange records and 
hosted a festival to show them off. Some of the recordswere racing with folding ladders and 
folding pink scarves. The president of the festival _______ that he was happy to have people come 
and understand the ‘essence’ of what the people in this town _______. He wants to show that life 
is more than being on Facebook or sitting at a computer. It is good to do something! 
Adapted from: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/town-has-strange-records-level-3/ 
 
A pequena cidade de Pelhrimov, na República Tcheca, _______ milhares de registros estranhos e 
sediou um festival para exibi-los. Alguns dos recordes estavam correndo com escadas dobráveis 
e lenços rosa dobráveis. O presidente do festival _______ que ele estava feliz por ter gente vindo 
e entendendo a 'essência' do que as pessoas nesta cidade _______. Ele quer mostrar que a vida 
é mais do que estar no Facebook ou sentado em um computador. É bom fazer alguma coisa! 
 
 
Jeff Bezos, _______ richest man __________ Earth, visited space on Tuesday. He and three other 
crew members soared about 107 kilometers above the Texas desert aboard his company Blue 
Origin´s New Shepard rocket. 
_______ historic unpiloted sub-orbital flight helped to inaugurate a new era of private commercial 
space tourism. The trip to the edge of space lasted about 10 minutes and 20 seconds, including a 
few minutes of weightlessness. The crew included his brother Mark, Wally Funk, an 82-year-old 
pioneering female aviator, and Oliver Daemen, an 18-year-old Dutch physics student. 
Bezos, who recently stepped down as Amazon´s CEO, thanked employees and customers _______ 
the company that he founded, saying that their hard work and Amazon purchases had made his 
space flight possible. His words sparked criticism, with some politicians saying that Amazon 
abused its market power to hurt small businesses. They also said Bezos should have spent 
_______ money to pay his workers fairly and protect their health. 
https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/the-worlds-richest-man-visits-space-level-3/ 
 
Jeff Bezos, _______ homem mais rico __________ Terra, visitou o espaço na terça-feira. Ele e três 
outros membros da tripulação voaram cerca de 107 quilômetros acima do deserto do Texas a 
bordo do foguete New Shepard de sua empresa, Blue Origin. 
 
 
 
 
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_______ o histórico voo suborbital não-piloto ajudou a inaugurar uma nova era de turismo 
espacial comercial privado. A viagem até a borda do espaço durou cerca de 10 minutos e 20 
segundos, incluindo alguns minutos sem gravidade. A tripulação incluía seu irmão Mark, Wally 
Funk, uma aviadora pioneira de 82 anos, e Oliver Daemen, um estudante holandês de física de 18 
anos. 
Bezos, que recentemente deixou o cargo de CEO da Amazon, agradeceu aos funcionários e 
clientes _______ a empresa que fundou, dizendo que seu trabalho árduo e as compras da Amazon 
tornaram seu voo espacial possível. Suas palavras geraram críticas, com alguns políticos dizendo 
que a Amazon abusou de seu poder de mercado para prejudicar pequenos negócios. Eles também 
disseram que Bezos deveria ter gasto _______ dinheiro para pagar seus trabalhadores de forma 
justa e proteger sua saúde. 
 
 
Why We Must Improve Vaccine Manufacturing Before the Next Pandemic 
It should worry everyone that experts surveyed by TIME regarded both increasing funding in a 
post-COVID-19 world for vaccine development and scaling up of manufacturing capacity 
feasible—but improving equitable vaccine distribution was not. 
To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place. The good news is, all these 
elements are feasible, and indeed starting to work today. 
On vaccine R&D, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), was set up with the 
precise purpose of identifying and investing in R&D for vaccines against emerging infectious 
diseases with epidemic potential. So, when it came to COVID-19, with CEPI’s and other R&D 
support, as well as industry engagement, the scientific and vaccine manufacturing community 
rallied, producing the first safe and effective vaccine in record time—just 327 days. Today we have 
not just one but 15 in widespread use. 
Increased investment now could get us there even faster the next time, particularly given the 
potential of the relatively new RNA vaccine technologies that have proved so effective with 
COVID-19. These plug-and-play vaccine technologies not only make it possible to identify and 
develop antigens rapidly, but much of the regulatory testing and approval can be done in advance, 
even before we know what the threat is. 
As for manufacturing, it may be difficult to immediately discern when there are severe supply 
shortages, but the world has actually rapidly built-up manufacturing capacity during COVID-19. 
Waiving intellectual property has been talked about a lot as a potential solution for boosting 
production. But the growth we have seen in the past year has been achieved through technology 
transfers, where both the intellectual property and the vital know-how needed to make vaccines 
is shared between manufacturers. 
However, we need to do more. Given the extremely large number of doses needed during a 
pandemic, export bans of vaccines and essential components and supply bottlenecks have led to 
a vaccine divide. Currently, more than a third of adults in high-income countries have now been 
vaccinated, while less than 1% of those in low-income countries have had their first jab. 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
To prevent this kind of scenario from happening the next time round and ensure that those most 
at risk are prioritized wherever they are, it is not distribution channels we are lacking, but global 
manufacturing capacity. We already have highly effective distribution channels, through COVAX 
and its partners, and we already have access to doses, enough to protect 1.8 billion people in 
lower-income economies by early next year, enough to protect almost 30% of people in these 
countries. 
But through investments now to increase global manufacturing capacity, particularly in emerging 
economies, and support of technology transfers, the next time a pandemic strikes we can get 
there sooner. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/6072101/improve-vaccine-manufacturing/) 
 
Por que devemos melhorar a fabricação de vacinas antes da próxima pandemia 
Deveria preocupar a todos que os especialistas pesquisados pela TIME considerassem o aumento 
do financiamento em um mundo pós-COVID-19 para o desenvolvimento de vacinas e o aumento 
da capacidade de fabricação viável - mas não era possível melhorar a distribuição equitativa da 
vacina. 
Para interromper a próxima pandemia em seu caminho, precisamos garantir que as pessoas em 
todo o mundo sejam protegidas rapidamente, e isso implicará em ter todas essas peças no lugar. 
A boa notícia é que todos esses elementos são viáveis e, de fato, estão começando a funcionar 
hoje. 
Em P&D de vacinas, foi criada a Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) com o 
objetivo preciso de identificar e investir em P&D de vacinas contra doenças infecciosas 
emergentes com potencial epidêmico. Então, quando se tratou do COVID-19, com a CEPI e outros 
apoios de P&D, bem como o envolvimento da indústria, a comunidade científica e de fabricação 
de vacinas se reuniu, produzindo a primeira vacina segura e eficaz em tempo recorde - apenas 
327 dias. Hoje temos não apenas um, mas 15 em uso generalizado. 
O aumento do investimento agora pode nos levar lá ainda mais rápido da próxima vez, 
especialmente devido ao potencial das tecnologias de vacina de RNA relativamente novas que se 
mostraram tão eficazes com COVID-19. Essas tecnologias de vacinas plug-and-play não apenas 
possibilitam identificar edesenvolver antígenos rapidamente, mas muitos dos testes regulatórios 
e da aprovação podem ser feitos com antecedência, mesmo antes de sabermos qual é a ameaça. 
Quanto à manufatura, pode ser difícil discernir imediatamente quando há severa escassez de 
suprimentos, mas o mundo, na verdade, aumentou rapidamente a capacidade de manufatura 
durante o COVID-19. Tem-se falado muito sobre a renúncia à propriedade intelectual como uma 
solução potencial para aumentar a produção. Mas o crescimento que vimos no ano passado foi 
alcançado por meio de transferências de tecnologia, onde tanto a propriedade intelectual quanto 
o know-how vital necessário para fazer vacinas são compartilhados entre os fabricantes. 
No entanto, precisamos fazer mais. Dado o número extremamente grande de doses necessárias 
durante uma pandemia, as proibições de exportação de vacinas e componentes essenciais e os 
gargalos no fornecimento levaram a uma divisão de vacinas. Atualmente, mais de um terço dos 
 
 
 
 
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adultos em países de alta renda já foram vacinados, enquanto menos de 1% daqueles em países 
de baixa renda receberam sua primeira vacina. 
Para evitar que esse tipo de cenário aconteça na próxima vez e garantir que aqueles que estão 
em maior risco sejam priorizados onde quer que estejam, não são os canais de distribuição que 
faltam, mas a capacidade de produção global. Já temos canais de distribuição altamente eficazes, 
por meio da COVAX e seus parceiros, e já temos acesso a doses, o suficiente para proteger 1,8 
bilhão de pessoas em economias de baixa renda até o início do próximo ano, o suficiente para 
proteger quase 30% das pessoas nesses países. 
Mas, por meio de investimentos agora para aumentar a capacidade de manufatura global, 
especialmente nas economias emergentes, e do apoio a transferências de tecnologia, na próxima 
vez que ocorrer uma pandemia, poderemos chegar lá mais cedo. 
 
 
“To stop the next pandemic in its tracks we need to ensure that people all over the world are 
protected quickly, and that will entail having all these pieces in place”. 
 
“Para parar a próxima pandemia em seu caminho, precisamos garantir que as pessoas em todo 
o mundo sejam protegidas rapidamente, e isso implicará em ter todas essas peças no lugar”. 
 
 
Children who ate ‘cannabis sweets’ risked serious harm, say Surrey police 
Investigation begins after two boys, 12 and 13, and a girl, 12, were taken to hospital after 
falling unconscious 
Four children who were taken to hospital after eating sweets they thought contained cannabis 
are not believed to have suffered long-term effects, police have said. 
The youngsters were found vomiting uncontrollably and falling in and out of consciousness on 
Saturday afternoon on Pound Lane in Epsom, according to Surrey police. A 12-year-old girl, 12-
year-old boy and 13-year-old boy were taken to hospital by the South East Coast ambulance 
service and are lucky not to have been more seriously affected by whatever they ate, the police 
said. 
They suffered “a violent reaction from eating the jelly sweets that they believed contained 
cannabis”, police said. 
Another 12-year-old boy was taken to hospital by his family because he was also believed to have 
eaten the sweets. 
One of the 12-year-old boys was discharged from hospital late on Saturday and the other three 
were expected to leave on Sunday. The source of the sweets is still being investigated and police 
do not have a clear idea of what they look like, although a similar report from Friday night involved 
“jelly apple rings” which look like green jelly circles. 
 
 
 
 
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DS Lisa Betchley said: “These children were incredibly lucky that they were not more seriously 
affected by whatever it was that they ate – and this is thanks, in great part, to the prompt actions 
of two medical students who happened to be nearby and assisted in the early stages, as well as 
the South East Coast ambulance service and hospital staff for their rapid response and treatment. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/may/02/children-who-ate-cannabis-sweets-risked-serious-harm-say-surrey-police) 
 
Crianças que comeram "doces de cannabis" correram risco de sofrer sérios danos, diz a polícia 
de Surrey 
A investigação começa depois que dois meninos, de 12 e 13 anos, e uma menina de 12 anos, 
foram levados ao hospital após ficarem inconscientes 
Segundo a polícia, quatro crianças que foram levadas ao hospital após comerem doces que 
pensavam conter cannabis não teriam sofrido efeitos de longo prazo. 
Os jovens foram encontrados vomitando incontrolavelmente e perdendo e perdendo a 
consciência na tarde de sábado em Pound Lane, em Epsom, de acordo com a polícia de Surrey. 
Uma menina de 12 anos, um menino de 12 anos e um menino de 13 anos foram levados ao 
hospital pelo serviço de ambulância da Costa Sudeste e têm sorte de não ter sido mais seriamente 
afetados por tudo o que comeram, disse a polícia. . 
Eles sofreram “uma reação violenta ao comer os doces de geléia que eles acreditavam conter 
cannabis”, disse a polícia. 
Outro menino de 12 anos foi levado ao hospital por sua família porque ele também teria comido 
os doces. 
Um dos meninos de 12 anos recebeu alta do hospital na noite de sábado e os outros três deveriam 
sair no domingo. A origem dos doces ainda está sendo investigada e a polícia não tem uma ideia 
clara de como eles se parecem, embora um relatório semelhante na sexta-feira à noite envolvesse 
“anéis de gelatina de maçã” que se parecem com círculos de gelatina verdes. 
A DS Lisa Betchley disse: “Essas crianças tiveram uma sorte incrível de não terem sido afetadas 
mais seriamente pelo que quer que comessem - e isso se deve, em grande parte, às ações 
imediatas de dois estudantes de medicina que por acaso estavam por perto e ajudaram nos 
estágios iniciais, bem como ao serviço de ambulância da Costa Sudeste e à equipe do hospital por 
sua rápida resposta e tratamento. 
 
 
Will Covid-19 vaccines reduce virus transmission? 
Vaccinated people can still get infected, but they are less likely to pass it on 
There are two ways that getting vaccinated can slow the spread of the virus. First, _______ (1) 
can help prevent you getting infected. Second, even if you are unlucky and catch the virus, it may 
reduce the risk of passing it on. It is crucial to understand how big these benefits are. 
Two huge new studies have taken advantage of the successful UK vaccine rollout. An Oxford-ONS 
analysis _______ (2) more than 370,000 survey participants found infections were reduced by 
 
 
 
 
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AULA 07 – LINKING WORDS (CONECTIVES) AND QUESTION WORDS (WH QUESTIONS) 
65% after a single dose. For protection against the virus, one dose was similar _______ (3) having 
had a prior infection. There was no major difference between the two available vaccines. 
Curiously, infection rates were lower up to three weeks before the jab. Did the virus have magical 
pre-cognition and keep away? More plausible is the idea of “reverse causation”. People can have 
the vaccination only if they have not tested positive or shown recent symptoms, so it is inevitable 
there were fewer recorded infections before vaccinations took place. Statistics can be tricky 
things. 
Most important, the studies showed that if you are infected after vaccination, it tends to be much 
milder, both in terms of self-reported symptoms and viral load. 
If vaccinated people develop a weaker infection, then they might be less likely to pass on the virus. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/may/02/vaccinated-people-less-likely-to-pass-covid-on) 
 
As vacinas da Covid-19 reduzirão a transmissão do vírus? 
As pessoas vacinadas ainda podemser infectadas, mas são menos propensas a transmiti-lo 
A vacinação pode retardar a propagação do vírus de duas maneiras. Em primeiro lugar, _______ 
(1) pode ajudar a prevenir a infecção. Em segundo lugar, mesmo que você tenha azar e pegue o 
vírus, isso pode reduzir o risco de transmiti-lo. É fundamental entender o quão grandes são esses 
benefícios. 
Dois novos grandes estudos tiraram proveito do lançamento bem-sucedido da vacina no Reino 
Unido. Uma análise Oxford-ONS _______ (2) mais de 370.000 participantes da pesquisa 
descobriram que as infecções foram reduzidas em 65% após uma única dose. Para proteção 
contra o vírus, uma dose foi semelhante _______ (3) tendo tido uma infecção anterior. Não houve 
grande diferença entre as duas vacinas disponíveis. 
Curiosamente, as taxas de infecção foram menores até três semanas antes da injeção. O vírus 
teve pré-cognição mágica e se manteve afastado? Mais plausível é a ideia de “causalidade 
reversa”. As pessoas só podem ser vacinadas se não tiverem testado positivo ou se apresentarem 
sintomas recentes, portanto, é inevitável que houvesse menos infecções registradas antes da 
vacinação. As estatísticas podem ser complicadas. 
Mais importante, os estudos mostraram que, se você for infectado após a vacinação, tende a ser 
muito mais brando, tanto em termos de sintomas autorrelatados quanto de carga viral. 
Se as pessoas vacinadas desenvolverem uma infecção mais fraca, é menos provável que 
transmitam o vírus. 
 
 
Any amount of alcohol consumption harmful to the brain, finds study 
UK study of 25,000 people finds even moderate drinking is linked to lower grey matter density 
There is no safe amount of alcohol consumption for the brain, with even “moderate” drinking 
adversely affecting nearly every part of it, a study of more than 25,000 people in the UK has found. 
 
 
 
 
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The study, which is still to be peer-reviewed, suggests that the more alcohol consumed, the lower 
the brain volume. In effect, the more you drink, the worse off your brain. 
“There’s no threshold drinking for harm – any alcohol is worse. Pretty much the whole brain seems 
to be affected – not just specific areas, as previously thought,” said the lead author, Anya Topiwala, 
a senior clinical lecturer at the University of Oxford. 
Using the UK Biobank, a substantial database designed to help researchers decode the genetic 
and environmental factors that lead some people to develop diseases while others do not, 
researchers in this study analysed data from 25,378 participants such as age, sex, education, self-
reported alcohol consumption, brain size and health from MRI scans, information about hospital 
and outpatient visits, and memory tests. 
Higher volume of alcohol consumption per week was associated with lower grey matter density – 
the researchers found, with alcohol explaining up to a 0.8% change in grey matter volume, even 
after accounting for individual biological and behavioural characteristics. 
This might seem like a small figure, but it is a larger contribution than any other modifiable risk 
factors. For example, it is four times the contribution of smoking or BMI, said Topiwala. 
Widespread negative associations were also seen between alcohol consumption and integrity of 
white matter, the brain fibres that scaffold the billions of neurons that make up grey matter. In 
addition, an individual’s underlying conditions such as high blood pressure and high BMI made the 
negative association between alcohol and brain health stronger, the researchers found. 
Contrary to previous research that suggested there is a benefit to drinking wine in moderation 
compared with beer or spirits, the study found no evidence to suggest alcoholic beverage type 
conferred differences in risks to the brain. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/may/18/any-amount-of-alcohol-consumption-harmful-to-the-brain-finds-study) 
 
Qualquer quantidade de consumo de álcool prejudicial ao cérebro, conclui estudo 
Estudo do Reino Unido com 25.000 pessoas mostra que até mesmo o consumo moderado de 
álcool está relacionado à menor densidade de massa cinzenta 
Não existe uma quantidade segura de consumo de álcool para o cérebro, mesmo com o consumo 
“moderado” afetando adversamente quase todas as partes dele, concluiu um estudo com mais de 
25.000 pessoas no Reino Unido. 
O estudo, que ainda precisa ser revisado por especialistas, sugere que quanto mais álcool é 
consumido, menor é o volume do cérebro. Na verdade, quanto mais você bebe, pior fica o seu 
cérebro. 
“Não há limite para o mal - qualquer álcool é pior. Quase todo o cérebro parece ser afetado - não 
apenas áreas específicas, como se pensava anteriormente ”, disse a autora principal, Anya 
Topiwala, professora clínica sênior da Universidade de Oxford. 
Usando o UK Biobank, um banco de dados substancial projetado para ajudar os pesquisadores a 
decodificar os fatores genéticos e ambientais que levam algumas pessoas a desenvolver doenças 
enquanto outras não, os pesquisadores neste estudo analisaram dados de 25.378 participantes, 
como idade, sexo, educação, auto-relato consumo de álcool, tamanho do cérebro e saúde a partir 
 
 
 
 
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de exames de ressonância magnética, informações sobre visitas hospitalares e ambulatoriais e 
testes de memória. 
Maior volume de consumo de álcool por semana foi associado a menor densidade de substância 
cinzenta - descobriram os pesquisadores, com o álcool explicando uma mudança de até 0,8% no 
volume de substância cinzenta, mesmo depois de levar em conta as características biológicas e 
comportamentais individuais. 
Isso pode parecer um número pequeno, mas é uma contribuição maior do que qualquer outro 
fator de risco modificável. Por exemplo, é quatro vezes a contribuição do tabagismo ou do IMC, 
disse Topiwala. 
Associações negativas generalizadas também foram observadas entre o consumo de álcool e a 
integridade da substância branca, as fibras cerebrais que sustentam os bilhões de neurônios que 
constituem a substância cinzenta. Além disso, as condições subjacentes de um indivíduo, como 
pressão alta e IMC alto, tornam a associação negativa entre o álcool e a saúde do cérebro mais 
forte, descobriram os pesquisadores. 
Ao contrário de pesquisas anteriores que sugeriam que há um benefício em beber vinho com 
moderação em comparação com cerveja ou destilados, o estudo não encontrou evidências que 
sugiram que o tipo de bebida alcoólica confere diferenças nos riscos para o cérebro. 
 
 
“___ Covid-19 crisis has been difficult on people across the globe, including India. In the past few 
days there has been intense discussion ___ the decision of our government and Indian vaccine 
manufacturers, including SII, ___ export vaccines”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/may/19/poorer-countries-face-long-delays-receiving-covid-vaccines) 
 
“___ A crise da Covid-19 tem sido difícil para as pessoas em todo o mundo, incluindo a Índia. Nos 
últimos dias, tem havido intensa discussão ___ sobre a decisão de nosso governo e dos fabricantes 
de vacinas indianos, incluindo SII, ___ exportar vacinas ”. 
 
 
“A few weeks ago, I __________ my first shot of a vaccine against Covid-19. As the newly 
vaccinated exited the clinic, there was a mix of relief and elation on people’s faces. We exchanged 
little smiles of solidarity. If we could have burst into spontaneous applause, I __________ sure we 
would have done”. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/may/17/animals-overlooked-allies-fight-against-covid-vaccines) 
 
“Há algumas semanas, __________ minha primeira injeção de vacina contra a Covid-19. Quando 
os recém-vacinados saíram da clínica, havia uma mistura de alívio e alegria nos rostos das pessoas.Trocamos pequenos sorrisos de solidariedade. Se pudéssemos explodir em aplausos espontâneos, 
eu __________ certeza que teríamos feito ”. 
 
 
 
 
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Can New Zealand's tourism industry make a sustainable return? 
New Zealand is hopeful that a recently opened travel bubble with Australia will rekindle its 
pandemic-battered tourism industry. However, many are also seeing an opportunity to rethink 
how to make the sector more climate friendly. 
New Zealand's Queenstown - __________ (1) popular tourist spot - is throbbing with activity. 
"To see and hear all the boats and the screaming and the complete joy… it puts a smile on all of 
our faces," said Jolanda Cave, the general manager at Shotover Jet - one of the most established 
adventure companies there. 
It's a busy time __________ (2) the company, named after the river, where for more than half a 
decade, boats have been whizzing, spinning and splashing to the delight of tourists. 
But even so, the numbers it is seeing are a fraction of what it was used to before the pandemic 
closed the country's borders. It used to operate eight boat rides an hour. Sometimes, that was 
down to just one. 
"It's been real eye opener for us to go from 1,200 (visitors) a day to 200 a day," Ms Cave said. 
Like many tourism operators across New Zealand Ms Cave is excited about the recently opened 
travel bubble with Australia, its biggest market. 
"It's given people hope. Australians represent a huge part of our business. (The bubble) will mean 
that we will see some growth. I think a lot of Queenstown will," she says. 
In 2019, international tourism was worth $12.6bn (£9bn) in total, __________ (3) Australians 
contributing $1.94bn. 
Between 1.18 and 1.5 million Australians came to New Zealand annually, accounting for 40% of 
the country's overseas visitors. 
Those numbers dropped to zero when New Zealand closed its borders. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56967636) 
 
A indústria do turismo da Nova Zelândia pode ter um retorno sustentável? 
A Nova Zelândia está esperançosa de que uma bolha de viagens recentemente aberta com a 
Austrália reacenda sua pandêmica indústria de turismo. No entanto, muitos também estão 
vendo uma oportunidade de repensar como tornar o setor mais favorável ao clima. 
Queenstown na Nova Zelândia - __________ (1) ponto turístico popular - está fervilhando de 
atividade. 
“Ver e ouvir todos os barcos e os gritos e a alegria completa… coloca um sorriso em todos os 
nossos rostos”, disse Jolanda Cave, gerente geral da Shotover Jet - uma das empresas de aventura 
mais estabelecidas lá. 
É uma época movimentada __________ (2) a empresa, que leva o nome do rio, onde há mais de 
meia década os barcos zunem, giram e espirram para o deleite dos turistas. 
 
 
 
 
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Mesmo assim, os números que ele está vendo são uma fração do que era antes de a pandemia 
fechar as fronteiras do país. Costumava operar oito viagens de barco por hora. Às vezes, isso era 
reduzido para apenas um. 
"Foi uma verdadeira revelação para nós passar de 1.200 (visitantes) por dia para 200 por dia", 
disse a Sra. Cave. 
Como muitas operadoras de turismo na Nova Zelândia, a Sra. Cave está animada com a bolha de 
viagens recentemente aberta com a Austrália, seu maior mercado. 
"Isso dá esperança às pessoas. Os australianos representam uma grande parte do nosso negócio. 
(A bolha) significará que veremos algum crescimento. Acho que muito em Queenstown, sim", diz 
ela. 
Em 2019, o turismo internacional valia $ 12,6 bilhões (£ 9 bilhões) no total, __________ (3) 
australianos contribuindo com $ 1,94 bilhões. 
Entre 1,18 e 1,5 milhão de australianos vieram para a Nova Zelândia anualmente, representando 
40% dos visitantes estrangeiros do país. 
Esses números caíram para zero quando a Nova Zelândia fechou suas fronteiras. 
 
 
Rich countries close their eyes to the global Covid surge at their own peril 
The pandemic’s death toll is now being felt most gravely in developing nations. This virus is 
not done yet 
Is there one pandemic, or two? That ___ (1) a question being asked a year ago, when wealthy 
countries accounting for only 15% of the global population had 80% of the Covid deaths. Could it 
be that the rich world was more vulnerable, somehow, because its populations ___ (2) older, or 
more individualistic, or had forgotten to be scared of infectious disease? 
Even then, some were warning that the worst was yet to come, once the disease took hold in 
poorer countries. World Bank analysts Philip Schellekens and Diego Sourrouille, for example, 
predicted a “massive shift” in disease burden to the developing world. Just in terms of 
demography, they said, you’d expect those countries to account for around 70% of deaths. 
As things stand they account for a little over half of it, which is probably an underestimate due to 
variations in data quality – and the pandemic is far from over. 
Last week saw more than 5.8 million new cases of Covid globally, the highest number yet. More 
than 3 million people have now died from Covid, according to the World Health Organization 
(WHO), which also reports that infections and hospitalisations in those aged at 25 to 59 ___ (3) 
increasing an alarming rate. “It took nine months to reach 1 million deaths, four months to reach 
2 million, and three months to reach 3 million,” WHO director general, Tedros Adhanom 
Ghebreyesus, said last week. 
(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/27/rich-countries-covid-pandemic-death-developing-nations) 
 
 
 
 
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Os países ricos fecham os olhos para o aumento global da Covid por sua própria conta e risco 
O número de mortes da pandemia agora está sendo sentido de forma mais grave nas nações 
em desenvolvimento. Este vírus ainda não acabou 
Existe uma pandemia ou duas? Isso ___ (1) uma pergunta feita há um ano, quando os países ricos, 
responsáveis por apenas 15% da população global, tinham 80% das mortes de Covid. Será que o 
mundo rico era mais vulnerável, de alguma forma, porque suas populações ___ (2) mais velhas, 
ou mais individualistas, ou se esqueceram de ter medo de doenças infecciosas? 
Mesmo assim, alguns alertavam que o pior ainda estava por vir, uma vez que a doença se alastrou 
nos países mais pobres. Os analistas do Banco Mundial Philip Schellekens e Diego Sourrouille, por 
exemplo, previram uma “mudança massiva” na carga de doenças para o mundo em 
desenvolvimento. Apenas em termos de demografia, eles disseram, você espera que esses países 
sejam responsáveis por cerca de 70% das mortes. 
Do jeito que as coisas estão, eles respondem por pouco mais da metade, o que provavelmente é 
uma estimativa subestimada devido às variações na qualidade dos dados - e a pandemia está 
longe de terminar. 
Na semana passada, assistimos a mais de 5,8 milhões de novos casos de Covid em todo o mundo, 
o maior número até agora. Mais de 3 milhões de pessoas morreram de Covid, de acordo com a 
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), que também relata que infecções e hospitalizações em 
pessoas com idade entre 25 e 59 anos ___ (3) aumentam em uma taxa alarmante. “Demorou nove 
meses para chegar a 1 milhão de mortes, quatro meses para chegar a 2 milhões e três meses para 
chegar a 3 milhões”, disse o diretor geral da OMS, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, na semana 
passada. 
 
 
The panel, set up by the World Health Organization, said the combined response of the WHO and 
global governments was a "toxic cocktail". 
The WHO should have declared a global emergency earlier than it did, its report said, adding that 
without urgent change the world was vulnerable to another major disease outbreak.More than 3.3 million people around the world have now died of Covid. 
While the US and Europe are beginning to ease restrictions and resume some aspects of pre-
pandemic life, the virus is still devastating parts of Asia. 
India in particular is seeing record-breaking numbers of new cases and deaths, with severe oxygen 
shortages in hospitals across the country. 
Countries neighbouring India, such as Nepal, are also seeing surges of the virus. 
What did the report say? 
Covid-19: Make it the Last Pandemic, was compiled by the Independent Panel for Pandemic 
Preparedness and Response. 
Its aim was to find answers as to how the virus had killed more than 3.3 million people and infected 
more than 159 million. 
 
 
 
 
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"The situation we find ourselves in today could have been prevented," co-chair Ellen Johnson 
Sirleaf, a former president of Liberia, told reporters. 
"It is due to a myriad of failures, gaps and delays in preparedness and response." 
The panel argued that the WHO's Emergency Committee should have declared the outbreak in 
China an international emergency a week earlier than it did. 
It should have done so at its first meeting on 22 January last year, the report said, instead of waiting 
until 30 January. 
The month following the WHO's declaration was "lost" as countries failed to take appropriate 
measures to halt the spread of the virus. 
The WHO was then hindered by its own regulations that travel restrictions should be a last resort, 
the panel said, adding that Europe and the US wasted the entire month of February and acted 
only when their hospitals began to fill up. 
(Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-57085505) 
 
O painel, organizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, disse que a resposta combinada da OMS 
e dos governos globais foi um "coquetel tóxico". 
A OMS deveria ter declarado uma emergência global mais cedo do que o fez, disse seu relatório, 
acrescentando que, sem uma mudança urgente, o mundo estava vulnerável a outro grande surto 
de doença. 
Mais de 3,3 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo já morreram de Covid. 
Embora os Estados Unidos e a Europa estejam começando a reduzir as restrições e a retomar 
alguns aspectos da vida pré-pandêmica, o vírus ainda está devastando partes da Ásia. 
A Índia, em particular, está registrando um número recorde de novos casos e mortes, com grave 
escassez de oxigênio em hospitais de todo o país. 
Países vizinhos à Índia, como o Nepal, também estão observando surtos do vírus. 
O que disse o relatório? 
Covid-19: Make it the Last Pandemic, foi compilado pelo Independent Panel for Pandemic 
Preparedness and Response. 
Seu objetivo era encontrar respostas sobre como o vírus matou mais de 3,3 milhões de pessoas e 
infectou mais de 159 milhões. 
"A situação em que nos encontramos hoje poderia ter sido evitada", disse a repórteres a co-
presidente Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, ex-presidente da Libéria. 
"É devido a uma miríade de falhas, lacunas e atrasos na preparação e resposta." 
O painel argumentou que o Comitê de Emergência da OMS deveria ter declarado o surto na China 
uma emergência internacional uma semana antes. 
Deveria ter feito isso em sua primeira reunião em 22 de janeiro do ano passado, disse o relatório, 
em vez de esperar até 30 de janeiro. 
 
 
 
 
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O mês seguinte à declaração da OMS foi "perdido", pois os países não tomaram as medidas 
adequadas para conter a propagação do vírus. 
A OMS foi então impedida por seus próprios regulamentos de que as restrições às viagens 
deveriam ser o último recurso, disse o painel, acrescentando que a Europa e os EUA 
desperdiçaram todo o mês de fevereiro e agiram apenas quando seus hospitais começaram a 
encher. 
 
 
Teens Aged 12 to 15 Can Now Get Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in the U.S. 
___ (1) May 10, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) extended authorization of the Pfizer-
BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine to 12- to 15-year-olds. It’s the first COVID-19 shot authorized for this 
younger population. 
“I cannot tell you how many people have been anxiously awaiting this day to get their kids 
vaccinated,” says Dr. Flor Munoz, a pediatric infectious disease specialist ___ (2) Texas Children’s 
Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, and a member of the infectious disease committee of 
the American Academy of Pediatrics. 
The green light was based on review of data the two companies released in March showing that 
two doses of their vaccine provided similar protection from COVID-19 disease among this age 
group as it did for adults. Among the more than 2,200 teens in the study group the FDA reviewed, 
16 developed COVID-19—none of them were in the vaccinated group. 
The companies’ studies found that levels of virus-fighting antibodies were on average higher 
among the 12- to 15-year-olds that got the vaccine than among vaccinated 16- to 25-year-olds in 
previous studies. 
“This is part of the totality of getting our country protected against COVID-19, which is just waiting 
around ___ (3) corner to come have another wave if we don’t get a sufficient degree of 
vaccination,” said Dr. Peter Marks, director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research at 
the FDA, during a briefing discussing the decision. 
The authorization was based on a so-called “bridging” study, in which researchers used data from 
the previous study in adults to set thresholds for safety and efficacy. Building off of the success of 
the adult studies enabled the scientists to enroll some 2,000 12- to 15-year-olds, rather than the 
tens of thousands of adults that the earlier studies required. 
(Adapted from https://time.com/6047384/teens-pfizer-covid-vaccine/) 
 
Adolescentes de 12 a 15 anos agora podem receber a vacina Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 nos EUA. 
___ (1) Em 10 de maio, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dos EUA estendeu a autorização da 
vacina Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 para crianças de 12 a 15 anos. É a primeira injeção COVID-19 
autorizada para esta população mais jovem. 
“Eu não posso dizer quantas pessoas estão esperando ansiosamente por este dia para vacinar seus 
filhos”, disse a Dra. Flor Munoz, uma especialista em doenças infecciosas pediátricas ___ (2) Texas 
 
 
 
 
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Children's Hospital e Baylor College of Medicine, e membro do comitê de doenças infecciosas da 
Academia Americana de Pediatria. 
A luz verde foi baseada na revisão de dados que as duas empresas divulgaram em março, 
mostrando que duas doses de sua vacina forneciam proteção semelhante contra a doença COVID-
19 nessa faixa etária, assim como nos adultos. Entre os mais de 2.200 adolescentes no grupo de 
estudo que o FDA revisou, 16 desenvolveram COVID-19 - nenhum deles estava no grupo vacinado. 
Os estudos das empresas descobriram que os níveis de anticorpos anti-vírus eram, em média, 
maiores entre os jovens de 12 a 15 anos que receberam a vacina do que entre os vacinados de 16 
a 25 anos em estudos anteriores. 
“Isso é parte da totalidade de proteger nosso país contra COVID-19, que está apenas esperando 
na esquina ___ (3) para vir ter outra onda se não conseguirmos um grau suficiente de vacinação”, 
disse o Dr. Peter Marks , diretor do Centro de Avaliação e Pesquisa Biológica do FDA, durante um 
briefing discutindo a decisão. 
A autorização baseou-se no chamado estudo “ponte”, no qual os pesquisadores usaram dados do 
estudo anterior em adultos para definir limites de segurança e eficácia. A construção do sucesso 
dos estudos de adultos permitiu aos cientistas inscrever cerca de 2.000 jovens de 12 a 15 anos, 
em vez das dezenas de milhares de adultos que os estudos anteriores exigiam.