LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA simulado I

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Disc.: LITERATURA NORTE-AMERICANA: FORMAÇÃO 
Aluno(a): FERNANDA DE OLIVEIRA VIANA MACHADO 202001150481
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Jonathan Edwards was a prominent figure associated with the Great Awakening, an evangelical revival which
took place in the 1730s. Choose the alternative that correctly presents one of the objectives of his sermon
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God:
to reject the ideals disseminated by thinkers of the Enlightenment.
 to highlight divine benevolence when in face of human evil.
 to restore a sense of religious zeal through the fear of damnation.
to reinterpret Biblical passages to a more modern audience.
to depict the contradictions present in the Puritan faith.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:50:42
 
 
Explicação:
The goal of Edwards' sermon, as well as that of the Great Awakening, is to revive the Puritan faith through the
use of imagery related to the ways that human wickedness may condemn people to hell. Thus, people would
return to the Puritan faith to seek salvation. His sermon then aimed at restoring a sense of religious zeal
through the fear of damnation.
 
 
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William Bradford was one of the crucial figures in the settlement of the "Pilgrims". In his work Of Plymouth
Plantation, the author discusses how:
 the ambition of colonists harms their sense of community.
using the land effectively is a problem for colonists.
the "plain style" is insufficient to narrate the Puritan lifestyle.
Church and State should be seen as separate entities.
the Mayflower Compact was an imposition of the British Crown.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:51:21
 
 
Explicação:
According to Bradford, the increasing materialism and growing greed of Puritans served to break the bonds of
companionship and devotion established in the initial moments of colonization. Therefore, he discusses how "the
ambition of colonists harms their sense of community".
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Read the summary of The Last of the Mohicans below:
"SUMMARY: Its principal character is Natty Bumppo, also called Hawkeye, now in middle life and at the height
of his powers. The story tells of brutal battles with the Iroquois and their French allies, cruel captures, narrow
escapes, and revenge. The beauty of the unspoiled wilderness and sorrow at its disappearance, symbolized in
Hawkeye¿s Mohican friends, the last of their tribe, are important themes of the novel".
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Last-of-the-Mohicans-novel
 
Bearing this information in mind, choose the option which correctly presents what the portrayal of Native
Americans in The Last of the Mohicans indicates:
a support of the Indian removal policies of the 19th century.
 the merits they show in bravery and principles.
a rejection of indigenous culture and values.
the discriminatory behavior they face by the British.
the contribution they made to establish the idea of the "frontier".
Respondido em 18/09/2022 17:40:50
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: the merits they show in bravery and principles.
Feedback: The representation of Native American characters in The Last of the Mohicans, especially
Chingachgook and Uncas, indicates how they are known for their heroic qualities in battle, but also for being
people who hold high moral and ethical principles.
 
 
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Thoreau's most famous essay, Civil Disobedience, was first published in May 1849 under the title Resistance to
Civil Government. In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau argues that the intentions of the American government are in
sharp contrast to his:
 individual beliefs.
artistic sensibility.
literary style.
religious expression.
economic activities.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:53:30
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: individual beliefs.
Feedback: In Thoreau's point of view, the intentions of the American government (enacted through the
obligation to pay taxes) go against his individual beliefs and moral consciousness, since he refuses to financially
support a government which advances causes that he opposes (such as slavery and war).
 
 
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The body, or rather the problem of embodiment, which this poem proposes, is a central figure, or site, in
Dickinson's work. It intersects a range of forces or concerns both powerful and colliding. This begins with
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questions of identity that almost obsessively concern her. Such questions are multiple. They include her
identity as a poet, where the very possibility of, or desire for, embodiment in a text and as a language is highly
ambivalent; her identity as a woman, both in terms of inhabiting a woman's body and of womanhood as a
figure for the body; her religious identity, in a broad metaphysical context of ambivalence towards material
and temporal embodiment; and finally, her identity as an American, in terms of definitions of selfhood as these
have peculiarly taken shape within the history of the United States. (WOLOSKY, 2002, p. 129-130)
Source: WOLOSKY, Shira. "Emily Dickinson: being in the body". IN: The Cambridge Companion to Emily
Dickinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
 
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the
correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Emily Dickinson was a poet of sole abstraction, exclusively interested in the subject of the human soul.
II. Body and soul were not considered as two separate elements.
III. Emily believed that elaborating an identity for oneself involved deep reflection upon the relation between
body and soul.
I, only.
I and III, only.
 II a III, only.
II, only.
I, II and III.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:51:50
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: II a III, only.
Feedback: Dickinson's poetry regards both body and soul as a conjoined aspect of human nature. The conflicts
she experiences as a woman, as an embodied woman, are also the conflicts which shape her interest in religion,
for example. Deemed as the "fragile sex", women were not as welcome in nineteenth-century Heaven as men
were. To identify herself as an embodied person reflected directly on how Emily connected to her deepest
feelings regarded as her soul.
 
 
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I Sing the Body Electric (excerpt)
I sing the body electric,
The armies of those I love engirth me and I engirth them,
They will not let me off till I go with them, respond to them,
And discorrupt them, and charge them full with the charge of the soul.
 
Was it doubted that those who corrupt their own bodies conceal themselves?
And if those who defile the living are as bad as they who defile the dead?
And if the body does not do fully as much as the soul?
And if the body were not the soul, what is the soul?
 
Retrieved from: WHITMAN, Walt. I Sing the Body Electric. Available at:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45472/i-sing-the-body-electric
 
After reading the excerpt above, mark the option indicating the correct set of affirmatives.
I. Walt Whitman was a poet who, unlike many of his nineteenth-century peers, understood the body together
with the soul.
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II. Whitman's Leaves of Grass is the last book of poems to approach the subject of the body and soul as one in
America's poetic tradition.
III. Whitman practically copied Ralph Waldo Emerson in many of his poems throughout Leaves of Grass.
II a III, only.
 I, only.
II, only.
 I, II and III.
I and III, only.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 17:39:39
 
 
Explicação:
Answer: I, only.Feedback: Whitman invests in depicting experiences that inform not only that his body is a part of the process
of attaining spiritual knowledge, but also that his soul is somehow entangled, irreversibly, with is body. Later on
in "Song of Myself", this would become part of his comprehension of "self" - his own and other people's "self".
These passages are about not being ashamed of the body, not thinking it to be a dirty vessel on Earth that
unfortunately is counterpart to a pure soul. Whitman understands that it is the continuity between body and
soul that shapes a large part of this "self" he searches throughout his poetry for an improved understanding of
its construction and manifestation. It is not the last time this theme will be addressed by American poets,
though. Also, although influenced by Emerson, Whitman, as an original voice in American tradition, did not copy
him, but rather incorporated Emerson's ideas into his poetry in a unique way.
 
 
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The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850. Hawthorne¿s novel is thought to be a masterpiece of American
literature. Why did Hawthorne open his novel with a long introductory essay entitled "The Custom House"?
 He wanted to criticize the workers of the Custom House.
 He pretended to give the story the status of historic truth.
He decided to give details of life in Salem in the past. 
He considered it important to tell the context of a custom-house.
He told readers the way documents were kept in the custom-house. 
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:55:22
 
 
Explicação:
In this introduction, the narrator says that the large upstairs hall was used to store documents, and he has
found an unusual package containing a manuscript and a scarlet patch of cloth in the shape of letter 'A'. The
manuscript detailed events that had taken place two hundred years before the narrator¿s time. So, he wanted
to make readers believe that the story had been based on a real document. The introduction sets a context for
the novel; however, describing the way documents were stored, the context of a custom house, criticize workers
and give details of life in Salem are in the essay, but do not reflect Hawthorne's purpose with the opening
chapter.
 
 
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Dark Romanticism was a reaction to Transcendentalism. Choose the alternative that contains what
Transcendentalism believed in:
human tendency to evil.
 human predisposition to sin.
human wish to self-destruction.
 human goodness.
human fallibility.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:56:37
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Explicação:
Transcendentalists believed in human goodness and the possibility of achieving perfection through human's own
divinity. The other alternatives are all true for Dark Romanticism.
 
 
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In Chapter 31 of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain builds a revealing scene of the contradictions
carried by the main character of his novel, which, in a way, reflects the conflicts inherent to the social, political
and cultural transformations that the country was undergoing in that period. Huck writes a letter to Miss
Watson due to the guilt he felt for helping Jim escape, but he then tears it up when he thinks about his friend.
 
The scene in question is considered one of the most emblematic of North American literature, as it exposes:
The problems of an agrarian society that has difficulty in modernizing itself.
The escape from reality that presents itself through the representation of literate culture.
The religious guilt of a society that understands each individual¿s role in its development.
 The questioning of institutions that justify and sustain slavery and racism.
The facing of the economic problems that arise with the arrival of war.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 16:53:09
 
 
Explicação:
Mark Twain, despite having been born and raised in the southern United States, refused to fight for slavery
when the Civil War came. The character Huckleberry Finn, in addition to being the representation of one of the
socially discredited layers, is also an effort to reflect on the moral and social conflicts in face of the issue of
slavery and freedom for the black population. The letter is a symbol of the privileged culture, but because it can
be torn, it can be modified.
 
 
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In literature and in the arts, there are many examples of physical spaces that become more than mere
geographic descriptions of the places where actions take place. Often, they are fundamental elements for the
composition of the actions that move the story.
 
In the novels Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, and The Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, the
spaces that play an important role in the construction of the characters are, respectively:
 The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers; and the Bly mansion.
 Tom Swayer's house; and the children's school.
Steamboat; and the servants' ghosts.
Widow Douglas's house; and the city where Mrs. Grose was born.
The South of the United States; and the imagination of the Governess.
Respondido em 18/09/2022 17:39:36
 
 
Explicação:
Mark Twain knew the Mississippi so well that he took it to his main novel, turning it into the fundamental
element for the understanding of the adventures of its main characters, as well as the Ohio River. They are not
just places, but components that complete the meaning of the story. The same applies to the Bly mansion,
created by Henry James to serve not only as a setting for the apparitions, or alleged apparitions, of ghosts, but
to imprint on the reader the ambiguities that define the story.
 
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