LITERATURA NORTE AMERICANA FORMAÇÃO SIMULADO

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1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Jonathan Edwards was a prominent figure associated with the Great Awakening, an evangelical revival which took place in the 1730s. Choose the alternative that correctly presents one of the objectives of his sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God:
		
	
	to highlight divine benevolence when in face of human evil.
	
	to depict the contradictions present in the Puritan faith.
	 
	to restore a sense of religious zeal through the fear of damnation.
	
	to reinterpret Biblical passages to a more modern audience.
	
	to reject the ideals disseminated by thinkers of the Enlightenment.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:05:42
	
	Explicação:
The goal of Edwards' sermon, as well as that of the Great Awakening, is to revive the Puritan faith through the use of imagery related to the ways that human wickedness may condemn people to hell. Thus, people would return to the Puritan faith to seek salvation. His sermon then aimed at restoring a sense of religious zeal through the fear of damnation.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	William Bradford was one of the crucial figures in the settlement of the "Pilgrims". In his work Of Plymouth Plantation, the author discusses how:
		
	
	the "plain style" is insufficient to narrate the Puritan lifestyle.
	
	the Mayflower Compact was an imposition of the British Crown.
	 
	the ambition of colonists harms their sense of community.
	
	Church and State should be seen as separate entities.
	
	using the land effectively is a problem for colonists.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:05:48
	
	Explicação:
According to Bradford, the increasing materialism and growing greed of Puritans served to break the bonds of companionship and devotion established in the initial moments of colonization. Therefore, he discusses how "the ambition of colonists harms their sense of community".
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	"Frederick Douglass, original name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, (born February 1818, Talbot county, Maryland, U.S.-died February 20, 1895, Washington, D.C.), African American abolitionist, orator, newspaper publisher, and author who is famous for his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself."
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Douglass
 
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass can be associated to the work of Benjamin Franklin because of its:
		
	 
	focus on an individual in search of opportunities.
	
	emphasis on the accumulation of wealth.
	
	ironic style in presenting a narrative.
	
	presentation of the importance of industry.
	
	insistence on nationalist ideals.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:06:19
	
	Explicação:
Answer: focus on an individual in search of opportunities.
Feedback: Douglass's autobiography resembles Franklin¿s in its portrayal of a single individual who trusts his own self and sees the United States as a land of opportunity and, therefore, struggles to search for his own version of success.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Slave narratives encompass one of the most influential traditions in American Literature.  A central feature of slave narratives is that they are defined by:
		
	
	political divisions.
	
	religious lessons.
	
	economic concerns.
	
	literary symbols.
	 
	personal stories.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:14:31
	
	Explicação:
Answer: personal stories.
Feedback: Slave narratives are characterized by being first-hand accounts of former slaves who are able to tell, from a very personal perspective, the terrible experiences they went through while in servitude. They are thus defined by personal stories.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	I celebrate myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
(...)
My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,
Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,
I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,
Hoping to cease not till death
Retrieved from: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45477/song-of-myself-1892-version
 
Choose the alternative(s) that correctly interpret(s) the verses above:
i. The poet disrupts the division between body and soul
ii. The poet unifies the spiritual with the physical
iii. His syntax is similar to the ones who wrote before him
		iv. 
	
	i., ii. and iii. are correct
	
	Only i. is correct
	
	iii. is correct
	 
	i. and iii. are correct
	 
	i. and ii. are correct
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:14:40
	
	Explicação:
Answer: i. and ii. are correct
Feedback: The voice of the poet disrupts the divisions between body and soul, unifying the physical with the spiritual. To pay attention to the "spear of summer grass", the part of a whole, and to acknowledge it in its own value, is to take a step into understanding oneself as a common part of a bigger picture, the lawn. His large and ongoing syntax is quite distinct from those who wrote before him. Therefore, only i. and ii. are correct.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The body, or rather the problem of embodiment, which this poem proposes, is a central figure, or site, in Dickinson's work. It intersects a range of forces or concerns both powerful and colliding. This begins with questions of identity that almost obsessively concern her. Such questions are multiple. They include her identity as a poet, where the very possibility of, or desire for, embodiment in a text and as a language is highly ambivalent; her identity as a woman, both in terms of inhabiting a woman's body and of womanhood as a figure for the body; her religious identity, in a broad metaphysical context of ambivalence towards material and temporal embodiment; and finally, her identity as an American, in terms of definitions of selfhood as these have peculiarly taken shape within the history of the United States.  (WOLOSKY, 2002, p. 129-130)
Source: WOLOSKY, Shira. "Emily Dickinson: being in the body". IN: The Cambridge Companion to Emily Dickinson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
 
After reading the contextualization above and the affirmatives below, mark the only option indicating the correct set of affirmative(s).
I. Emily Dickinson was a poet of sole abstraction, exclusively interested in the subject of the human soul.
II. Body and soul were not considered as two separate elements.
III. Emily believed that elaborating an identity for oneself involved deep reflection upon the relation between body and soul.
		
	
	I, only.
	 
	II a III, only.
	
	I, II and III.
	
	I and III, only.
	
	II, only.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:08:29
	
	Explicação:
Answer: II a III, only.
Feedback: Dickinson's poetry regards both body and soul as a conjoined aspect of human nature. The conflicts she experiences as a woman, as an embodied woman, are also the conflicts which shape her interest in religion, for example. Deemed as the "fragile sex", women were not as welcome in nineteenth-century Heaven as men were. To identify herself as an embodied person reflected directly on how Emily connected to her deepest feelings regarded as her soul.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850. Hawthorne¿s novel is thought to be a masterpiece of American literature. Why did Hawthorne open his novel with a long introductory essay entitled "The Custom House"?
		
	
	He wanted to criticize the workers of the Custom House.
	
	He considered it important to tell the context of a custom-house.
	
	He told readers the way documents were kept in the custom-house. 
	 
	He pretended to give the story the status of historic truth.
	
	He decided to give details of life in Salem in the past.  
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:10:38
	
	Explicação:
In this introduction, the narratorsays that the large upstairs hall was used to store documents, and he has found an unusual package containing a manuscript and a scarlet patch of cloth in the shape of letter 'A'. The manuscript detailed events that had taken place two hundred years before the narrator¿s time. So, he wanted to make readers believe that the story had been based on a real document. The introduction sets a context for the novel; however, describing the way documents were stored, the context of a custom house, criticize workers and give details of life in Salem are in the essay, but do not reflect Hawthorne's purpose with the opening chapter.
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Dark Romanticism was a reaction to Transcendentalism. Choose the alternative that contains what Transcendentalism believed in:
		
	
	human tendency to evil.
	
	human wish to self-destruction.
	
	human fallibility.
	
	human predisposition to sin.
	 
	human goodness.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:10:28
	
	Explicação:
Transcendentalists believed in human goodness and the possibility of achieving perfection through human's own divinity. The other alternatives are all true for Dark Romanticism.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Realism is an artistic and literary movement that emerges in France, in the mid-nineteenth century, with the aim of portraying reality according to its objective aspects, privileging the present, such as the daily life of the middle class and the less prestigious strata of society. Thus, realists turn against romanticism and its idealizations.
Choose the alternative that highlights some of the main features of the realism in Mark Twain's work:
		
	 
	Popular language and characters related to the context of slavery.
	
	Sophistication in the description of landscapes and characters without formal instruction.
	
	Speech praising the United States and criticizing rural life.
	
	Experimental language and characters that carry problems from the past.
	
	Language of the population with little education and exaltation of heroic deeds.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:09:57
	
	Explicação:
Mark Twain became known for creating incredible characters and scenarios. And this is especially due to his ability in transforming circumstances and real people, whom he met throughout his life, into literature. In Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain innovated by taking to such a prestigious literary form the dialects that characterize the populations of the different North American regions, in addition to highlighting the place destined to black people within society in the context before the Civil War.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	The psychological realism developed by Henry James influenced, in a certain way, modernist writers, placing him beside the precursors of one of the most innovative narrative techniques in literature in the 20th century: the stream of consciousness. Authors such as Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner and James Joyce were the main writers to explore this technique.
Select the alternative that demonstrates the relationship between psychological realism and the stream of consciousness technique:
		
	
	Literary representation of reality through the description of the character's personality.
	
	Description of psychological characteristics of a character to legitimize a story.
	
	Construction of reality from information on the character's life.
	
	The study of the relationships between historical time and psychological time in the description of reality.
	 
	Literary representation of the perception of reality through the consciousness of a character.
	Respondido em 03/10/2022 09:09:12
	
	Explicação:
Henry James, influenced by his brother, the psychologist and philosopher William James, in works such as The Portrait of a Lady and The Turn of the Screw, adopts the literary representation of reality from the way it is translated by his psychological interiority. Although it occurs in works from the 19th century, the stream of consciousness develops decisively during modernism, in the 20th century, reflecting, by means of narrative voices, the complexity of emotions and thought.