Exerciciso literatura inglesa II

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Exerciciso literatura inglesa II
		English Romantic poets were numerous, but the canon established for representing the period nominates six key names as representatives of this type of poetry. These six poets belong to the first and second generations, respectively, and their names are:
	
	
	
	Charlotte Smith, Keats, Shelley, Blake, Byron and Coleridge.
	
	
	Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Shelley, Byron and Keats. 
	
	
	Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Anna Seward, Coleridge and Wordsworth.
	
	
	Anna Seward, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Shelley and Byron.
	
	
	Anna Barbauld, Charlotte Smith, Felicia Hemans, Anna Seward, Byron and Blake.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:38:17
		Explicação:
The "Big Six" were Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Shelley, Byron and Keats. The six women mentioned in the options were widely read, popular and role models for many of those male Romantic poets, but they are not considered part of the English Romantic canon.
	
	
	 
		
	
		2.
		The Early Romantic poets supported the cause of the French Revolution because:
	
	
	
	many French artists and writers supported and were engaged with the cause.
	
	
	they believed it would bring social justice and better living conditions to the poor.
	
	
	their experience with the monarchy led them think that old systems should die. 
	
	
	its ideal of liberty was aligned with the individualism characteristic of the age. 
	
	
	  the stability of the English old monarchical system did not bring novelty to them.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:38:42
		Explicação:
The Romantic poets were concerned about the social inequality and exploitation of the poor in England, as a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. For them, a successful rebellion led by common people, the masses, would be democratic and would help the fight against injustice and a despotic power. The French Revolution ideals promised justice and better living conditions for the people, and greatly inspired the poets. Their experience with the stable English monarchy made them, in the beginning, support the French cause, however, after the Reign of Terror, their view changed and they felt deeply disillusioned. Individualism was a characteristic of Romantic poetry, but was not directly linked to the Romantic poets’ sympathy with the French Revolution, as well as the fact that French artists were engaged with the cause.
	
	
	03045A LITERATURA E O PROGRESSOO SÉC. XIX
	 
		
	
		3.
		Patrick Brontë exemplifies the type of social mobility that was possible at that time. He rose from being a farmer¿s boy to a clergyman. In 1820 he was offered perpetual curacy.
Bearing this information in mind, assess the statements below and the relationship between them:
I. Patrick exemplifies the type of social mobility characteristic of Victorian age.
Because
II. He was able to get on in his career and character played a great role in his life story.
	
	
	
	I is a correct statement and II is a false statement.
	
	
	I and II are false statements.
	
	
	I is a false statement and II does not justify I.
	
	
	I and II are correct statements and II justifies I
	
	
	I and II  are correct statements but ii. does not justify I
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:40:46
		Explicação:
Both statements are correct and ii. justifies i. Patrick Brontë is an example of the type of social mobility characteristic of Victorian age. Progressing in life was dependent of being `of good character¿ rather than being born to a rich family.
	
	
	 
		
	
		4.
		Read the definition below:
"Bildungsroman, class of novel that depicts and explores the manner in which the protagonist develops morally and psychologically. The German word Bildungsroman means "novel of education" or "novel of formation".
Source: https://www.britannica.com/art/bildungsroman.
Having this information in mind, assess the statements below and the relationship between them:
I. The Picture of Dorian Gray is an example of a Bildungsroman.
Because
II. It explores how Dorian develops morally and psychologically.
	
	
	
	Option I is false and II is correct.
	
	
	Option I and II are correct and II justifies I.
	
	
	Option I is correct and II is false.
	
	
	ptions I and II are correct but II does not justify I.
	
	
	Options I and II are false.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:41:36
		Explicação:
Dorian Grays does not develop psychologically or morally, quite the opposite, in fact. There is no spiritual or moral progress, as he seems to embody, as a character, the life under one paradigm: that of the appearances. Hence both statements are incorrect.
	
	
	VANGUARDA MODERNISTA
	 
		
	
		5.
		Allegory is used, in James Joyce¿s writings, as a literary device. In Dubliners, for instance, the city of Dublin is an allegory of paralysis. But what is allegorical literature?
	
	
	
	a type of literature that is clear and explicit.
	
	
	a narrative that describes the setting and characters thoroughly.
	
	
	a symbolic narrative that reveals a non-explicit meaning. 
	
	
	a narrative that expresses the feelings of a character.
	
	
	a type of literature that reflects about itself.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:42:09
		Explicação:
Allegorical literature refers to a symbolic narrative that conveys a meaning that is not explicit in the text. The understanding of this meaning depends on a process of interpretation from the part of the reader. A thorough description may be allegorical or not, because what characterizes allegory is the meaning that is not explicit but may be inferred by interpreting the fable or symbol. The narrative that expresses the feelings of a character is called impressionistic, a type of literature that is clear and explicit is the opposite of an allegorical text, and literature that reflects about itself is known as metafiction.
	
	
	 
		
	
		6.
		Based on a series of lectures Virginia Woolf delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, the extended essay A Room of One's Own was first published in 1929. Its central idea is that:
	
	
	
	men and women are not paid the same for the books they publish.
	
	
	all women writers should adopt a feminist approach in their fiction.
	
	
	women should have material means and freedom in order to be creative.
	
	
	financial independence is more important than creativity for women.
	
	
	literature is a type of art that never represented women¿s needs.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:43:02
		Explicação:
According to Woolf, it is important for women to have money and a room of their own, i.e. a means to live and a place to write, so that they can exercise their intellectual activities and do creative work. The text talks about the importance of literature, and does not rank financial means over creativity, but it says that the former helps the latter. Furthermore, there is no discussion in relation to mandatory feminism or payments for publication. The only correct option is "women should have material means and freedom in order to be creative".
	
	
	MODERNIDADE E PÓS-MODERNIDADE
	 
		
	
		7.
		In contemporary Irish writing it is possible to identify two different schools. Which features would you associate with them?
	
	
	
	One is postcolonial and the other is romantic.
	
	
	One is nationalist and the other is anti-nationalist.
	
	
	One is concerned with language and the other with Irishness.
	
	
	One is historical and the other metafictional.
	
	
	One is modernist and the other is experimentalist.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:45:00
		Explicação:
Right answer: One is concerned with language and the other with Irishness.
Feedback: One school of writing responds to the lessons taught by Modernism, and key issues to their work are language, memory and perception. Plots and characters tend to be less precisely drawn than in the realist novel, and the subject-matter is non-Irish. Another school of contemporary Irish writingresponds to the images of Irishness, both modern and historical, which serves to confirm various expressions of a unique cultural consciousness within the writing of Ireland. This reflection of the social and historical concerns, as well as a response to postcolonialism and other politicized modes of reading, is present in contemporary writers. Metafiction is a literary genre used in both schools, and historical or romantic are approaches to the themes dealt with in writing.
	
	
	02632NOVAS TENDÊNCIAS NA LITERATURA INGLESA
	 
		
	
		8.
		According to Adam Roberts, the novum is defined as "the thing or things that differentiate the world portrayed in science fiction from the world we recognize around us". (ROBERTS, Adam. Science Fiction. New York: Routledge, 2000. p. 25). Perdido Street Station, by China Miéville's, takes place in the fictional world of Bas-Lag, where the scientist Isaac Dan Der Grimnebulin has to fight against creatures known as slake-moths, mind-consuming beasts that terrorize the city of New Crobuzon. In Bas-Lag steam punk technology coexists with magic. Considering that the novum is a defining characteristic of science fiction, one novum of China Miéville¿s Perdido Street Station is:
	
	
	
	the reaction to escapist fantasy.
	
	
	the presence of advanced artificial intelligence.
	
	
	the mixture of literary genres.
	
	
	the anti-capitalist perspective.
	
	
	the intricately described urban setting.
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:45:45
		Explicação:
Right answer: the presence of advanced artificial intelligence.
Feedback: The novum is an element in science fiction novels that distinguishes that world from the world of the reader, or the world of a realist novel. In the case of Perdido Street Station, the presence of characters who possess advanced artificial intelligence (something still not present in our reality) marks a distinctive novum. The mixture of literary genres is not connected with novum and neither is a reaction to escapist fantasy. An urban setting would not be discernible from the world of the reader and also an anti-capitalist perspective does not refer to novum either.
	
	
	CRÍTICA SOCIAL
	 
		
	
		9.
		Mark two works of George Orwell:
	
	
	
	1Q84 and Brave New World
	
	
	Joyce and The Waves
	
	
	Animals Farm and The Waves
	
	
	Heart of Darkness and Brave New World
	
	
	Animals Farm and 1984
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:46:19
		Explicação:
FEEDBACK: George Orwell wrote six novels, namely Burmese Days, A Clergyman's Daughter, Keep the Aspidistra Flying, Coming Up for Air, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. The Waves was written by Virginia Woolf and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.
	
	
	 
		
	
		10.
		Which of these titles is not an Aldous Huxley's work:
	
	
	
	Brave New World Revisited
	
	
	Antic Hay
	
	
	Brave New World
	
	
	Crome Yellow
	
	
	The Waves
	Data Resp.: 16/11/2022 08:46:35
		Explicação:
FEEDBACK: Aldous Huxley was an English novelist whose most famous work is Brave New World. His first two published novels were Crome Yellow and Antic Hay. Thirty years after Brave New World was published, Huxley assessed his prophecies in Brave New World Revisited. Therefore, The Waves is the only novel which was not written by Huxley.
SIMULADO I
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Consider the last extract of Animal Farm:
"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which" (ORWELL, 2013, Chap. X). What did George Orwell mean ?
		
	
	That men were transformed into pigs (by a witch).
	
	That Fordism made Humanity lose its creativity.
	
	That all the pigs in the farm were transformed into men.
	 
	That Humanity of that time was losing its "humanity".
	
	That Stalinism made Humanity lose its kindness.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:48:19
	
	Explicação:
FEEDBACK: By the end of the novel, man and pig were two indistinct beings. Pigs grew corrupt as men before had been. The corrupting effect of power divided the farm and distanced the animals from the ideals of the revolution. Pigs become just like men (oppressive), in the end. Pigs ended up taking over control and acting in the same oppressive manner as men. This allegorical novel, then, goes to show the human behavior mirrored in the pigs' behavior. The unending search for power and control leads to a loss in humanity and Utopia, this way, becomes Dystopia. 
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	The fall of protecting class walls transformed the slumbering majorities behind all parties into one great unorganized, structureless mass of furious individuals who had nothing in common except their vague apprehension that the hopes of party members were doomed, that, consequently, the most respected, articulate and representative members of the community were fools and that all the powers that be were not so much evil as they were equally stupid and fraudulent. (ARENDT, 1962, p.315)
Source: ARENDT, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism. Ohio: Meridian Books, 1962.
 
After reading the excerpt above, mark the option indicating the correct set of affirmatives.
I. The mass wars that occurred throughout the twentieth century helped totalitarian regimes to establish mass control.
II. The mass of individuals mobilized by the Party were not intelligent and, peacefully, let themselves be ordered around.
III. Ideologically, totalitarian regimes produced the equivalence between Nation and Party as best as they could through propaganda.
		
	
	I, only.
	
	II, only.
	
	II a III, only.
	 
	I, II and III.
	 
	I and III, only.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:49:55
	
	Explicação:
FEEDBACK: The massive communication skills that totalitarian regimes such as Nazi Germany had, are known today, particularly, because of the impactful imagery they could provide with the result to produce in the general imagination of their citizens (and the world) of a successful State. Mass wars, in all their extent, highlighted how untruthful to the reality of the country those means of propaganda could actually be, resulting in distortion favoring the ruling Party.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Even though James Joyce became worldly famous for a distinct type of writing, his body of work is not necessarily so homogeneous. Bearing this information in mind, choose the alternative that best completes the paragraph below:
Although Dubliners is filled with symbols and allegories, the short stories that compose it are considered more traditional narratives, as well as the narrative in the novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, because they are _________. In Ulysses and Finnegans Wake the narration becomes more ___________.
		
	 
	realistic - experimental
	
	impersonal - personal
	
	historical - metaphorical
	
	unreliable - reliable
	
	non-linear - linear
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:50:41
	
	Explicação:
In Joyce's early works, the narration was more realistic and conventional, depicting a realistic scenario, while in his later works, the narration becomes more experimental in language, as well as in other elements of fiction, such as setting, characters and plot. The narration in the later works is much less linear than in the early ones, as well as less reliable and personal. Metaphorical narration is present in all works in different degrees, as well as the presence of historical elements.   
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Virginia Woolf's style has been described as impressionistic. The comparison between Virginia Woolf's writing and the style of post-impressionist painters is justified because her novels:
		
	 
	favor intuitive and figurative representations of reality.
	
	were read by artists such as Vang Gogh and Cézanne.
	
	are filled with touching and melodramatic moments.
	
	have an emphasis on therepresentation of beauty.
	 
	focus on a detailed description of actions and events.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:51:56
	
	Explicação:
Like the works of post-impressionist painters, the novels of Virginia Woolf emphasize depictions of reality that focus more on symbols and perceptions of reality, instead of trying to show the world as it really is. The novel does not particularly highlight representations of beauty, actions or melodrama. Moreover, the fact that post-impressionist painters read Woolf¿s works is not mentioned. Her impressionistic writing, therefore, favors intuitive and figurative representations of reality.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	The themes, structures and styles of Postmodern Scottish novels are enmeshed in the ground of the Scottish Devolution. Bearing this information in mind, why did the novelist Irvine Welsh use a Scottish proletarian speech in his book Trainspotting (1993)?
		
	
	To show the exoticism of the country to the Anglophone public.
	
	To erase the prejudice against proletarians. 
	 
	To make this sector of Scottish society visible to the world.
	
	To make readers interested in learning Scottish language.
	 
	To depict the Scottish society as it really is.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:53:20
	
	Explicação:
Right answer: To make this sector of Scottish society visible to the world.
Feedback: Empowering Scottish subaltern speech, representing it in literature is a way of marketing Scottish workers' lives and language in the Anglophone middle-class world of literary consumption and make this sector of Scottish society visible to the rest of the world. Depicting society as it is, is not conceivable in a world of constructed realities, as the one we live in; erasing the prejudice against proletarians and making readers interested in learning the Scottish language cannot be associated with purposes of a contemporary fictionist, as well as the exoticism of the country is a romantic idea that does not find echoes in a postmodern society.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	The New Weird is a kind of subgenre of speculative fiction that emerged in the early twenty-first century. The literary mode of the New Weird, which has China Miéville as one of its main authors, is characterized by:
		
	
	focusing on themes related to Marxism.
	 
	establishing a contrast between fantasy and speculative fiction.
	
	describing the details of alien encounters.
	
	rejecting the main features of science fiction.
	 
	embracing an atmosphere of estrangement and diversity.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:53:46
	
	Explicação:
Right answer: embracing an atmosphere of estrangement and diversity.
Feedback: Works associated with the New Weird develop stories that aim to create a world that is unfamiliar to the reader, making the setting and characters appear strange or fantastical. Moreover, the narrative approach is multiple, embracing a variety of styles from different literary genres. It neither rejects the main features of science fiction nor does it establish a contrast between fantasy or speculative fiction, rather it blends science fiction with magic realism and surrealism, for instance. It is actually a subgenre of speculative fiction. In the case of Miéville, we have stories that present multiple possibilities of discovering fantastical elements in the ordinary world, creating a strange and defamiliarizing effect.  Therefore, only option "embracing an atmosphere of estrangement and diversity" is correct.
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Romantic women poets were well respected, popular and widely read during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, but their works were not easily found after the late nineteenth century and before 1980s they were scarcely studied by academics or students. Why were they erased from the literary canon for so long?
		
	 
	Because of cultural disabilities imposed on women, seen as subordinate beings.
	
	Because their works were not considered qualified literary texts by the critics.
	
	Because the themes of their works were domestic and referred to their private lives.
	
	Because male writers and poets outnumbered women in the Romantic period.
	
	Because of their lack of formal education, their literary resources were limited.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:54:19
	
	Explicação:
Women's history is one of usurpation and injustice. They were seen as subordinate social beings, dependent on men, either husbands, fathers or brothers. Many cultural disabilities were imposed on women, as well as lack of education from the nineteenth century onwards. This status started to change with the feminist waves that shook the western world in the 20th century. But many brilliant talented women writers were forgotten, and their writings had to wait for a long time to be recognized and adequately researched and studied. The reasons for such an erasure are not linked to the themes of the writings, as the domestic spheres and their private lives or the quality of their writings, and not even the number of male and female writers in the Romantic period.        
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Which sad issue was worsened by the Industrial Revolution in England?
		
	
	Government debt.
	
	Poor harvests.
	 
	Social inequality.
	
	Lack of schools.
	
	Lack of farmers.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:54:38
	
	Explicação:
The Industrial Revolution created fortunes but also increased the exploitation of workers, who were insufficiently paid and had to live in slums in the overcrowded growing industrial cities. The government strived at the time, agrarian products continued to be grown and sold, and the number of schools was not significantly affected by industrialization.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	The gothic novel Frankenstein derives from a writing competition suggested by Lord Byron. While Mary Shelley, Percy Shelley, Polidori and Lord Byron were kept indoors due to incessant rains, they read gothic stories, discussed science, philosophy and natural science. Frankenstein is not only a gothic novel, as it presents gothic elements, but also written in epistolary form. Why is it correct to say that the novel is written in epistolary form?
		
	 
	The novel starts with letters written by Robert Walton to his sister.
	 
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, exchanged by Frankenstein and Walton.
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, written by Frankenstein.
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, written by the creature.
	
	The novel is told through the medium of letters, exchanged by Frankenstein and the creature.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:55:40
	
	Explicação:
In the novel, letters are used as a way of telling the story. The novel starts with Robert Walton¿s letters, addressed to his sister, Margaret Saville. At first he is describing his trip to Russia and the arrangements for his expedition to the Arctic. At some point in the novel both Victor Frankenstein and the creature are able to tell their stories; however, the whole structure of the novel is based on this first exchange of letters. Therefore, the only correct answer is The novel starts with letters written by Robert Walton to his sister. The story then is not told through the medium of letters, exchanged by Frankenstein and the creature, nor by Frankenstein and Walton. What¿s more, Frankenstein¿s and the creature¿s letters do not organize the structure of the novel.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	In chapter VII, Victor Frankenstein announces:
"Two years had now nearly elapsed since the night on which he first received life; and was this his first crime? Alas! I had turned loose into the world a depraved wretch, whose delight was in carnage and misery; had he not murdered my brother?"
Source: SHELLEY, Mary. Frankenstein or The Modern Prometeus. Project Gutenberg.March 13, 2013
Why is Victor¿s perception about the creature not entirely correct?
		
	 
	Because he mistook it for another being.
	 
	Because it was not really a depraved wretch.
	
	Because the creature did not kill his brother.
	
	Because the creature was never actually alive.
	
	Because he did not actually create the creature.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 08:56:41
	
	Explicação:
Even though Victor Frankenstein sees the creature as a "depraved wretch", the creature, in fact, was not always a revenge-seeking being. When it was first created it was amicable and loving and like all beings just wanted to be loved. The constant rejections made him loathe his creator, Victor Frankenstein, and pursue revenge. The creature then was alive, it was created by Victor whose brother it killed. The alternative that states why Victor¿s perception was incorrect is: because it was not really a depraved wretch.
SIMULADO II
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Britain was never the same again after 1918 because the country had ruined its economy by waging a war substantially beyond its resources. Moreover, total victory, ratified by a penal, dictated peace, ruined what little chances there were of restoring something even faintly like a stable, liberal, bourgeois Europe, as the economist John Maynard Keynes immediately recognized. If Germany was not reintegrated into the European economy, i.e. if the country¿s economic weight within that economy was not recognized and accepted there could be no stability. But this was the last consideration in the minds of those who had fought to eliminate Germany. (HOSBAWM, 1995, p. 30-31)
Source: HOBSBAWM, Eric. Age of Extremes: the short XX century. Great Britain: Abacus, 1995.
 
According to the text above, the interwar period was ...
		
	
	... a political stable moment, especially amongst the European countries which participated in the war, since everyone helped each other to maintain a regular economic growth.
	 
	... a moment deeply immersed in political and economic tensions, given that since the First World War ended there was a general need for recovery in Europe.
	 
	... a politically stable period, given that the economic powers established by the victory in World War I aided and provided healthcare to the defeated countries.
	
	... a politically unstable period, through which the victorious countries never withdrew their forces from the battlefield, continuously insisting to threat the defeated countries with another war.
	
	... a moment deeply invested in its future possibilities, given that the war had come to a halt after a settlement was agreed upon and every country affected by the war could start to recover.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:00:19
	
	Explicação:
FEEDBACK: Any alternative claiming that the World War I gave way to a stable economic and political period in Europe is wrong, since the settlement which determined the victors and the defeated in the war never fully satisfied the greedy powers of Great Britain, France (and the United States). Their wish was for "total victory", which meant the full subjugation of the enemy to their political will and power - this created a feeling of "enforced peace", leading, finally, to a problematic European recovery in the years after World War I.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Regarding both novels (Huxley's Brave New World and Orwell's 1984), it is correct to affirm that:
		
	 
	They establish rich comparative possibilities.
	 
	Brave New World is denser than 1984.
	
	1984 is denser than Brave New World.
	
	They have nothing in common.
	
	They are both irrelevant literary works for the contemporary reader.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:26:36
	
	Explicação:
FEEDBACK: As both novels are thematically related and were written at the same historical moment, with the convergence of the same political interests, it is expected and absolutely possible that the two novels are open to establish comparative dialogues.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Based on the context of Joyce's writing, choose the option that best completes the following sentence:
Joyce wrote about mankind and the pressure people suffer in the modern world. He used Ireland, the city of Dublin, and the two major local issues of his time: ____________ and ___________ as allegories of that suffering to motivate reflections upon it.
		
	
	poverty and faith
	 
	colonization and religion
	
	education and hypocrisy
	
	alcoholism and paralysis
	 
	corruption and desire
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:07:00
	
	Explicação:
Joycess works tackled the effects of colonization and the moral constraints imposed by the Catholic religion on Ireland, as sources of suffering to the Irish people. The other issues such as poverty, alcoholism and corruption are possible consequences of that suffering. Desire, faith and education are positive driving forces that are undermined by the suffering, which results in paralysis and hypocrisy, together with the problems mentioned before. 
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Without certain discoveries and developments, modernist writing would never have existed. Therefore, James Joyce's and Virginia Woolf's literary innovations, in a way, owed their existence to thinkers that challenged the nineteenth century paradigm. Darwin, Marx, Freud and Nietzsche were such thinkers.
Choose the alternative that correctly associates the thinkers with the fields of knowledge they revolutionized:
 
Charles Darwin, Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud and Friedrich Nietzsche were important thinkers that changed the paradigms of nineteenth-century fields of ___________, ________, __________ and ___________, respectively.
		
	 
	Biology - Economics - Psychology - Philosophy
	
	Economics - Law - Biology - Arts
	
	Geography - Biology - Arts - Poetry
	
	Philosophy - Medicine - Letters - Visual Arts
	 
	Politics - Economics - Law - Psychology
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:26:26
	
	Explicação:
Darwin developed the field of Biology with the theory of evolution, Marx, with his political and philosophical thought greatly influenced Economics, Freud founded the clinical method of psychoanalysis, which contributed a lot to the field of Psychology, and Nietzsche¿s work exerted a profound influence in Philosophy and in modern intellectual history, as a whole.    
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	In The Postmodern Condition, Jean-Francois Lyotard analyzes how Postmodern societies differ from Modern ones. A key issue is Lyotard¿s view is Postmodernity¿s attitude towards grand narratives. What does the French theorist Jean François Lyotard define as grand narratives or metanarratives?
		
	
	Narratives that describe the reality in lots of ways, not only one.
	
	Local and temporary knowledge found in narratives.
	
	Narratives describing small practices and local events.
	 
	Multiple narratives which present distinct points of view.
	 
	Universalizing narratives that establish their views as absolute truths.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:15:43
	
	Explicação:
Right answer: Universalizing narratives that establish their views as absolute truths.
Feedback: Grand narratives, or metanarratives, are authoritative narratives which establish that their political or cultural views are absolute truths, and are beyond any criticism. Narratives that describe reality in lots of ways, with distinct points of view, associated with small practices, local events, local and temporary knowledge are characteristics of mini-narratives, that do not contain universalizing truths.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	In contemporary Britain stereotypical views have been scrutinized, which allowed for a variety of views and perspectives both in cultural and literary studies. A consequence of the rise of cultural diversity in contemporary British literature is:
		
	 
	the number of texts expressingdiscriminatory positions.
	 
	a questioning of what it means to be a "true" British author.
	
	the growing number of works by British authors not written in English.
	
	a decline in the number of novels written by members of the upper class.
	
	the establishment of policies to stimulate marginalized groups to write.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:16:58
	
	Explicação:
Right answer: a questioning of what it means to be a "true" British author.
Feedback: With texts exploring more diverse realities in contemporary Britain, stereotypical ideas related to who can be considered a "true" British author have come into question. The early twentieth century witnessed the decline of the so-called British Empire. Inhabitants of former colonies started writing in English or even moved to Britain, and, as a consequence, a fresh and distinctive voice which represented their perspectives based on specific ethnic and national experiences emerged. This meant that if there were fewer upper-class white writers writing novels this was a direct consequence of the questioning of identities rather than a phenomenon itself. The same holds true for denouncing discriminatory positions, or even policies to encourage marginalized groups. Therefore, the only correct option is "a questioning of what it means to be a "true" British author".
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Some of Coleridge¿s poems present ___________elements, as in The Rhyme of Ancient Mariner, part IV: They groaned, they stirred, they all uprose/ Nor spake, nor moved their eyes/It had been strange, even in a dream/to have seen those dead men rise. 
		
	 
	natural.
	
	sentimental.
	
	emotional.
	
	rational.
	 
	supernatural.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:18:35
	
	Explicação:
Coleridge preferred the dark side of Romanticism, with the beautiful but destructive power of nature, and mysterious elements that are not natural, but infused with a supernatural energy, instead. In the excerpt, the poet describes dead men moving, groaning and stirring. Concerning the other adjectives, natural, emotional and sentimental are normally associated with romantic poetry, while rational is a characteristic of neoclassical poetry. 
	
		8a
          Questão
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	Lyrical Ballads, a collection of poems written by Coleridge and Wordsworth, marked the beginning of English Romanticism. The preface to the Lyrical Ballads (1802) set the elements to compose Romantic poetry, that are:
		
	 
	simple language, imagination, emotions, spontaneity and legends.
	 
	complex versification, melancholic themes, reverence for nature and humans.
	
	extended metaphors, analytical poetry, sophisticated language and legends.
	
	emotions, melancholic themes, cultivated language and accurate grammar.
	
	reason, retelling of classical myths and legends, witty language and puns.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:20:47
	
	Explicação:
Wordsworth says that poetry is (or should be) the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility, which means that emotions and spontaneity are key elements of Romantic poetry. When he says that language may be the one that resembles ordinary men¿s speech he advocates for the use of simple language. Imagination is considered superior to rationality (in direct opposition to the previous neoclassic poetry). Legends and folklore are also valued because they express the cultural heritage of a nation, as well as reverence for nature. Melancholic themes are present in the second phase of Romanticism, represented by the second generation of poets.  Reason, sophisticated or cultivated language, complex versification and retelling of classical myths are characteristics of the poetry of the Enlightenment. Extended metaphors, puns, analytical poetry and witty language resembles Metaphysical poetry from the 17h century.  
	
		9a
          Questão
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	Which master narratives informed the Victorians "pursuits"?
I. Pursuit of material well-being.
II. Search for knowledge.
III. Control of the spiritual world.
IV. Pursuit of justice.
		
	 
	Options I and II are correct.
	
	Options II, III, and IV are correct.
	 
	Options I, II and IV are correct.
	
	Options II and III are correct.
	
	Options III and IV are correct.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:22:34
	
	Explicação:
The Victorians attempted to gain control over nature, to be freed from ignorance and superstition and they also pursued freedom from political tyranny and economic exploitation. In other words, three master narratives informed their pursuits: the pursuit of material well-being, the search for knowledge and the pursuit of justice. Therefore, option i., ii. and iv. are correct.
	
		10a
          Questão
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	Charles Dickens was a prolific writer, who started his career as a journalist and ascended to a widely read novelist. Choose the alternative that presents a correct statement about his literary works:
		
	 
	His first literary works, such as The Pickwick Papers was more serious in tone than any other novel later published.
	
	He never wrote any type of historical novels.
	
	None of his novels presents semi-autobiographical undertones.
	 
	Hard Times is an attack against utilitarianism.
	
	None of his novels is thought to be a type of Bildungsroman.
	Respondido em 16/11/2022 09:25:46
	
	Explicação:
The Pickwick Papers presented humorous types and grotesque incidents. In fact, Dickens¿s earlier works were more humorous falling under the picaresque novel genre. He actually wrote two historical novels: Barnaby Rudge and A Tale of Two Cities. David Copperfield is a semi-autobiographical novel. And in many ways, David Copperfield is considered to be a Bildungsroman. Therefore, the only correct option is Hard Times is an attack against utilitarianism.