A2 - Literatura Estadunidense

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Place: Sala 1 - Sala de aula / Andar / Polo Bangu / POLO BANGU - RJ
Academic: EAD-IL80079-20224A
Candidate: JULIANA DE OLIVEIRA AUGUSTO
Assessment: A2-
Registration: 20201301853
Date: 3 Dec 2022 - 8 a.m. Finalizado
Correto Incorreto Anulada  Discursiva  Objetiva Total: 10.00/10.00
1  Código: 34592 - Enunciado: Within Asian-American Literature, some themes tend to occur
repeatedly. Among them, we can cite the relationship between parents and children - the way
first and second generations respond di�erently to their experience in the U.S.This theme can be
characterized by:
 a) The authors' need to state that they respect their family values in every single work.
 b) A tendency to focus on adaptation problems that are common to both parents and
children.
 c) A tendency in second generation's children to reject their parentsʼ social expectations.
 d) A tendency in first generation's authors to publish books written in their native language.
 e) The authors' need to recreate their original cultural values and principles in writing.
Alternativa marcada:
c) A tendency in second generation's children to reject their parentsʼ social expectations.
Justificativa: Correct answer:A tendency in second generation's children to reject their parentsʼ
social expectations. Second generation's children usually have absorbed a lot from U. S. cultural
standards. Therefore, their experience of life in the U.S. is very di�erent from that of their parents,
and they tend to reject social expectation based on their original culture.
Distractors:The authors' need to state that they respect their family values in every single work.
Asian American Literature focuses on family conflicts when dealing with parents/children
relationships, and this item does not respond to how di�erent the experience of parents and
children is in the U.S.The authors' need to recreate their original cultural values and principles in
writing. Asian American Literature brings the benefits of the unique countries it represents in
many di�erent ways, depending on the story's point of view (that could come from parents
and/or children).A tendency in the first generation's authors to publish books written in their
native language. This tendency is not observed in all areas of Asian American Literature.
Furthermore, it relates to the fact that the first generation's authors were not fluent in English.A
tendency to focus on adaptation problems that are common to both parents and children This
tendency is not observed in all Asian American texts and does not refer to how "first and second
generation respond di�erently to their experience in the U.S.", as stated by the question.
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2  Código: 34918 - Enunciado: For a long time, the word "queer" was used to categorize the
LGBTQIA+ population, either justifying violence towards them or minimizing their needs under a
broad and pejorative umbrella term. However, this term has undergone a process of
resignification. Nowadays, according to Jon Shadel, '“queer literature” is a meaningful term,
because of its power to bridge lived experiences and identities, unite us across continents and
time periods, and uncover and reconstruct histories. Itʼs meaningful because it resists easy
categorization." (Source: https://www.them.us/story/top-queer-books-2018)The process of
resignifying the word "queer" can be summarized as:
 a) A literary metaphor used by activists to question Chicano themes.
 b) A reclaiming strategy that turned insults into tools of pride and strength.
 c) An example of linguistic evolution, turning denotative use into slang.
 d) A defamatory tool for homophobic sectors to undermine civil rights.
 e) A literary device meant to embellish texts with LGBTQIA+ themes.
Alternativa marcada:
b) A reclaiming strategy that turned insults into tools of pride and strength.
Justificativa: Correct answer:A reclaiming strategy that turned insults into tools of pride and
strength. The transformation of the word "queer" from an insult to a representation of the
community living beyond gender norms is an example of reclaiming strategy, also used by
Chicanos when re-appropriating their insulting accolade in order to politically use it in the
reconstruction of their own identities.
Distractors:A literary device meant to embellish texts with LGBTQIA+ themes. Incorrect: the
reclaiming strategy adopted by the LGBTQIA+ population when resignifying the word "queer" was
not meant to be used as a literary device, but constructed as a political tool.An example of
linguistic evolution, turning denotative use into slang. Incorrect: the word "queer", when used as
an insult, was not appropriated in its denotative sense and its resignified use cannot be
considered slang,A literary metaphor used by activists to question Chicano themes. Incorrect: the
word "queer" refers specifically to the LGBTQIA+ population, not to Mexican
Americans.A defamatory tool for homophobic sectors to undermine civil rights. Incorrect: the
process of resignification of the word "queer", based on a reclaiming strategy, was meant to
empower the LGBTQIA+ community.
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3  Código: 34619 - Enunciado: Chicano Literature thematizes identity issues of the Mexican people,
including protests against exploitation and adaptation issues, similar to those approached by
other immigrant literatures. The following excerpt, taken from the autobiographical novel The
Distance Between Us (2012), illustrates that:
In 1980, when I was four years old, I didnʼt know yet where the United States was or why everyone in
my hometown of Iguala, Guerrero, referred to it as El Otro Lado, the Other Side.What I knew back
then was that El Otro Lado had already taken my father away.What I knew was that prayers didnʼt
work, because if they did, El Otro Lado wouldnʼt be taking my mother away, too (GRANDE, 2012,
a/d).
Criticize the author's use of code-switching (English/Spanish) in the excerpt, considering the
literary principles of Chicano Literature.
 a) Spanish invokes a particular emotional setting, introducing a Mexican bicultural
metaphor for the "American dream."
 b) Spanish is used as a commercial strategy to approximate Mexican readers and discourage
American audiences.
 c) Spanish is used to embellish the text and it is not directly connected to its narrative
and/or thematic construction.
 d) Spanish enables the author to approach Mexican readers as learners of a second
language that need to be helped.
 e) Spanish use refers to the author's lack of fluency in the English language, which demands
native language inserts.
Alternativa marcada:
a) Spanish invokes a particular emotional setting, introducing a Mexican bicultural metaphor for
the "American dream."
Justificativa: Correct answer:Spanish invokes a particular emotional setting, introducing a
Mexican bicultural metaphor for the "American dream". Correct: the use of El Otro Lado, coupled
with its translation, invokes the emotions involved in being a child and hearing about the U.S. as
a mysterious place and helps readers from other nationalities to understand how this country
was interpreted from a Mexican perspective.
Distractors:Spanish is used to embellish the text and it is not directly connected to its narrative
and/or thematic construction. Incorrect: code-switching is one of the tools used in immigrant
literature, in general, to convey emotional charge within texts. Its use and repetition are not
random or style-related only.Spanish is used as a commercial strategy to approximate Mexican
readers and discourageAmerican audiences. Incorrect: Mexican American contemporary writers
mean to be accepted by both immigrant and native U.S. audiences. Besides that, the English
translations of the expression grant equal access in terms of understanding its narrative strength
to both audiences.Spanish use refers to the author's lack of fluency in the English language,
which demands native language inserts. Incorrect: the text is fluent in English and the expression
in Spanish is also presented in its English version.Spanish enables the author to approach
Mexican readers as learners of a second language that need to be helped. Incorrect: a Mexican
American who is not fluent in English would probably not be able to follow the narrative or, at
least, not due to the inserts of expressions such as "El Otro Lado."
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4  Código: 34593 - Enunciado: In Song of Myself, Walt Whitman resorts to the simple and
democratic style that made him famous. Check the excerpt below:I celebrate myself, and sing
myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to
you (1856, n/d).
This poem can be classified as:
 a) Postmodernist, due to its innovative structure and theme.
 b) Puritan, due to its strict representation of discipline values.
 c) Naturalist, due to its animalized approach to humans.
 d) Realist, due to its portray of the poet's social condition.
 e) Romantic, due to its observed focus on individualism.
Alternativa marcada:
e) Romantic, due to its observed focus on individualism.
Justificativa: Correct answer:Romantic, due to its observed focus on individualism. The excerpt
celebrates the self and the author's personas, placing a focus on subjectivity and individualism,
both characteristics of Romanticism.
Distractors:Realist, due to its portrayal of the poet's social condition. The excerpt does not
indicate the poet's social condition, but emphasizes aspects which are a part of any human
being;Naturalist, due to its animalized approach to humans. The excerpt does not construct
humans as biological animals, but as belonging to a broader, transcendental community, as
stated in "for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you".Postmodernist, due to its
innovative structure and theme. The excerpt uses simple, unsophisticated language — one of the
traits that made Walt Whitman famous since readers could better identify with his poetry.Puritan,
due to its strict representation of discipline values. The excerpt does not promote discipline
and/or rigid moral values, but connection and experience-based truths.
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5  Código: 34922 - Enunciado: Amy Tan is one of the most famous Chinese American authors. In her
first novel, The Joy Luck Club (1989), a first generation character talks about her version of the
American dream. Lindo Jong discusses adaptation problems while questioning gender and
family issues:I wanted my children to have the best combination: American circumstances and
Chinese character. How could I know these two things do not mix?I taught her how American
circumstances work. If you are born poor here, it's no lasting shame. You are first in line for a
scholarship. If the roof crashes on your head, no need to cry over this bad luck. You can sue
anybody, make the landlord fix it. You do not have to sit like a Buddha under a tree letting
pigeons drop their dirty business on your head. You can buy an umbrella. Or go inside a Catholic
church. In America, nobody says you have to keep the circumstances somebody else gives
you.She learned these things, but I couldn't teach her about Chinese character. How to obey
parents and listen to your mother's mind. How not to show your own thoughts... (TAN, 1989, p.
289).Can you use this excerpt in your English class as a means of discussing migrancy issues? 
 a) Yes, but only if I have some Chinese students in my classroom.
 b) No, because migrancy issues are distant from Brazilian realities.
 c) Yes, it is a relevant issue and may be a part of students' lives.
 d) Yes, but only if my students present generational clash issues.
 e) No, because migrancy is not directly discussed in this excerpt.
Alternativa marcada:
c) Yes, it is a relevant issue and may be a part of students' lives.
Justificativa: Correct answer:Yes, it is a relevant issue and may be a part of students'
lives. Migrancy a�ects the Brazilian reality in many di�erent ways, considering the internal
migratory movements existing in our country that may separate families and originate various
levels of success expectations among family generations, as well as prejudice and invisibilization.
Therefore, it is a relevant issue and some students share experiences that identify with this topic.
Distractors:Yes, but only if I have some Chinese students in my classroom. Incorrect: The Chinese
contextualization presented by the text o�ers an opportunity for teachers to discuss intercultural
contexts, which is a part of the English language teaching mission and of literature inclusion in
the curriculum.No, because migrancy is not directly discussed in this excerpt. Incorrect: The
theme discussed by the excerpt goes beyond generation clash to portray the social context of
migration in which such clash occurs. Migration is a relevant topic, internationally and within the
Brazilian reality. Therefore, it can be discussed in class.No, because migrancy issues are distant
from Brazilian realities. Incorrect: Migrancy a�ects the Brazilian reality in many di�erent ways,
considering the internal migratory movements existing in our country that may separate families
and originate various levels of success expectations among family generations, as well as
prejudice and invisibilization. Therefore, it is a relevant issue and some students share
experiences that identify with this topic.Yes, but only if my students present generational clash
issues. Incorrect: The theme discussed by the excerpt goes beyond generation clash to portray
the social expectations that lead to generational clash. These social expectations are relevant and
can be discussed in class.
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6  Código: 34602 - Enunciado: Read the following excerpt, taken from a canonic work in North-
American literature:It was about this time I conceived the bold and arduous project of arriving at
moral perfection. I wished to live without committing any fault at any time; I would conquer all that
either natural inclination, custom, or company might lead me into. As I knew or thought I knew,
what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other. But
I soon found I had undertaken a task of more di�iculty than I had imagined. While my care was
employed in guarding against one fault, I was o�en surprised by another; habit took advantage of
inattention; inclination was sometimes too strong for a reason. (FRANKLIN, 1771-1790, p. 38) 
Analyzing the above, mark the alternative that correctly classifies the highlighted section,
according to its literary period.
 a) It is an example of the U.S. Puritan sermons. 
 b) It is an example from the Enlightnment Era. 
 c) It is an example of the American Romanticism.
 d) It is an example of transcendentalist writing.
 e) It is an example of postmodernist writing.
Alternativa marcada:
b) It is an example from the Enlightnment Era. 
Justificativa: Correct answer:It is an example from the Enlightenment Era. This excerpt, taken
from Benjamin Franklin's unfinished Autobiography (1771-1790) thematizes a man's quest from
self-improvement based on the rational standards proposedby the Enlightenment Era, as we can
see in his attempt to conceive "the bold and arduous project of arriving at moral perfection."
Distractors:It is an example of the American Romanticism. This excerpt, taken from Benjamin
Franklin's unfinished Autobiography (1771-1790) thematizes a man's quest from self-
improvement based on the rational standards proposed by the Enlightenment Era. Romanticism,
on the other hand, focused on subjectivity and on the emotional side of its quests, resorting to
imagination and escapism.It is an example of the U.S. Puritan sermons. This excerpt, taken from
Benjamin Franklin's unfinished Autobiography (1771-1790) thematizes a man's quest from self-
improvement based on the rational standards proposed by the Enlightenment Era. Puritanism,
on the other hand, focused on God's mandates for the Pilgrim's, understood as "His chosen
ones." Furthermore, the structure of the sermons required di�erentiated language and style —
addressing an audience, normally with the use of strong images.It is an example of
transcendentalist writing. This excerpt, taken from Benjamin Franklin's unfinished Autobiography
(1771-1790) thematizes a man's quest from self-improvement based on the rational standards
proposed by the Enlightenment Era. The transcendentalist movement, on the other hand,
focused on Man's connection with Nature, understood as an all-encompassing entity, and the
need to escape the city and live in communion with one's higher self.It is an example of
postmodernist writing. This excerpt, taken from Benjamin Franklin's unfinished Autobiography
(1771-1790) thematizes a man's quest from self-improvement based on the rational standards
proposed by the Enlightenment Era. Postmodernism, on the other hand, focused on
deconstructing rationalized standards and brought innovation to stylistic/thematic choices.
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7  Código: 34934 - Enunciado: Postmodernism was a broad philosophical movement that
influenced arts, architecture, linguistics, education, and criticism. It introduced relativism: every
piece of human work is constrained by social, cultural, economic, ethical, and psychological
contexts; therefore, final analyses, proposing “the truth”, become impossible. It also considered
historical constraints and developments: no work of art can be new.Because of this, describe
three characteristics of postmodernism that have a�ected American literature. 
Resposta:
- Postmodernism embraced a revision of the classical North-American canon, which led to a
specific periodization of minority literature, such as African American, Latinos and LGBTQIA+.
- The Civil Rights Movement and Civil Rights Act influenced the inclusion of minority groups'
authors, increasing diversity in canon representation.
- Postmodernist views caused experimentation with styles, structures and themes that had not
been considered by authors from previous periods.
Justificativa: Expected answer:- Postmodernist views led to a higher sense of responsibility
towards the U.S. foreign policy strategies – the countryʼs impacts in the world, opening the path
to critical, satirical, and politically-motivated works.- A�er 1945, the Civil Rights Movement,
culminating with the Civil Rights Act (1964), influenced the inclusion of minority group authors
(such as African Americans, Latinos, and the LGBTQIA+ population), leading to an increase in
diversity when it came to canon representation.- Postmodernist views led to deep
experimentation with style, structure, and themes that were not considered by authors of
previous periods.- Postmodernist theories welcomed a revision of the classical North-American
canon that led to the study of a specific periodization for minority literature such as African
American Literature.- Postmodernist relativism opened the path for many minority writers to
become recognized by prestigious literary awards and publishing houses.
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8  Código: 34981 - Enunciado: The Color Purple (1982), by Alice Walker, is a novel composed
exclusively by letters — an epistolary novel. It brings the quest for freedom and literacy to a
contemporary context in the story of Celie, a gravely abused Black girl, who, by the age of 14, has
already been raped and pregnant more than once. Read the following excerpt:
DEAR GOD,He act like he canʼt stand me no more. Say Iʼm evil an always up to no good. He took
my other little baby, a boy this time.But I donʼt think he kilt it. I think he sold it to a man an his
wife over Monticello. I got breasts full of milk running down myself. He say Why donʼt you look
decent? Put on something. But what Iʼm sposed to put on? I donʼt have nothing.I keep hoping he
fine somebody to marry. I see him looking at my little sister. She scared. But I say Iʼll take care of
you.With God help (WALKER, 1982, p.10).
Create a high-school English teaching activity based on The Color Purple, considering its literary
and linguistic/stylistic analysis. Use the pre-reading, reading and post-reading format.
Resposta:
Pre-reading: Teachers show a scene of the movie The Color Purple and introduce the topic
"domestic violence", promoting a debate on the topic.
Reading: Teachers present the excerpt from The Color Purple and ask students to identify
standard and non-standard vocabulary and sentence structure, in order to introduce the African
American Vernacular English. Students discuss characteristics of domestic violence and debate
how/why they think it happened at the time of the text.
Post-reading: Ask students to debate how this topic can be related to Brazilian reality nowadays,
encouraging them to do some research on the theme in order to create a campaign against
domestic violence and racism.
Justificativa: Expected answer:Students are expected to use the provided excerpt in the
construction of activity following the pre-reading, reading, and post-reading format. The activity
should consider aspects of the African-American contemporary production in Literature, the
quest for freedom and literacy, and linguistic/stylistic items available in the poem, as presented
below:Pre-reading: Teachers present students an audiovisual newsflash, simple in vocabulary,
introducing the topic of domestic violence. If possible, it should include statistic on the most
a�ected social groups according to age, ethnicity, and family income. A�er helping with
vocabulary issues, teachers promote a debate on the topic, around the question: “How can being
abused a�ect a personʼs destiny?”Reading: Teachers present the excerpt from The Color Purple.
They ask students to identify non-standard vocabulary and syntax constructions, as well as their
standard counterparts. A�er that, they introduce the notion of an African-American Vernacular
English and its importance. The class discusses the main characterʼs position and the e�ects of
being subjected to this kind of violence around the question: “Even if she is not a slave, how can
the Black population past still be a�ecting her access to literacy and freedom?”Post-reading:
Teachers ask students to reflect and share their thoughts on how this theme applies to Brazilian
reality. A�er that, the class searches online, in groups, for support projects and initiatives in
Brazil. As a follow-up activity, they can organize a school campaign against domestic violence
and racism.
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