Língua Inglesa estrutura sintática II

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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II   
	Aluno(a): 
	
	Acertos: 10,0 de 10,0
	05/07/2023
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Coordination is a syntactic process that organizes constituents of the same category or same function. Based on it, in which option are the noun phrases [my mother] and [my father] organized through the process of coordination?
		
	 
	My mother and my father are my best friends.
	
	My father kissed my mother in front of my friends.
	
	My mother gave a gift to my father in his birthday.
	
	My mother loves my father since childhood.
	
	My father gave my mother a beautiful necklace.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:10:35
	
	Explicação:
Feedback: Coordinate clauses are usually linked by coordinators. The only sentence which exemplifies such use is My mother and my father are my best friends, in which the noun phrases are linked by the coordinator and. The other sentences show examples in which the noun phrases either occupy the subject position, being placed before the verb, or the object position, complementing the verb phrase.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Among the coordinating conjunctions (and, or, so, etc.), the use of nor has unique syntactic features which distinguish it from other conjunctions. Nor links two negative ideas and inverts the subject-verb order. Based on it, what is the option that correctly presents the use of nor?
		
	
	She won't give you another chance, I nor won't
	 
	She won't give you another chance, nor will I.
	
	She won't give you another chance, I nor will.
	
	She won't give you another chance, nor I won't.
	
	She won't give you another chance, nor I will.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:14:44
	
	Explicação:
Feedback: Whenever the word nor is being used, subject-verb inversion occurs. The auxiliary verb then should precede the pronoun I. In order to avoid double negatives only affirmative auxiliary verbs or modal verbs should be used, in this case will. Therefore, only She won¿t give you another chance, nor will I is correct.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	READ THE TEXT BELOW:
 
Where do these tales come from? Why do they have such a grip on us? Why do we always seem to need them? What we want is to know more about ourselves by knowing something more about fairy tales. We want to fathom their mysterious hold on us. Perhaps this is why there are literally hundreds of scholarly books and essays about the tales, and why there are more serious studies which insist on making a distinction between the oral folk tale and the literary fairy tale. Distinction is what preserves the unique socio-historical nature of genres. It is distinction that exposes the magic of a genre, WHILE IT ALLOWS US, at the same time, to preserve and cultivate it so that it will continue to flourish. (ZIPES, Jack. The Oxford Companion to Folk and Fairy Tales. Oxford: OUP, 2002)
What is the function of the highlighted Adverbial Clause in the text?
		
	
	Manner
	
	Purpose
	
	Reason
	 
	Time
	
	Place
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:29:36
	
	Explicação:
TIME (CORRECT) - The Subordinator WHILE belongs to the category of conjunctions used in Adverbial Clauses to express TIME. AS IF and AS THOUGH are examples of subordinators which indicate MANNER. Subordinators WHERE, WHEREVER are the ones which indicate PLACE. BECAUSE, SINCE and AS are examples of subordinators which indicate REASON, and, finally, IN ORDER THAT and SO THAT are examples of subordinators which indicate PURPOSE.
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	READ THE TEXT BELOW:
First published in 1951, Shamanism soon became the standard work in the (1) STUDY of this (2) MYSTERIOUS and fascinating phenomenon. Writing as the founder of the modern study of the history of religion, Romanian émigré scholar Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) (3) SURVEYS the practice of Shamanism over two and a half millennia of human history, moving from the Shamanic traditions of Siberia and Central Asia, (4) WHERE Shamanism was (5) FIRST observed, to North and South America, Indonesia, Tibet, China, and beyond.
(MIRCEA ELIADE. Library Thing (ed.). Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Available at: https://www.librarything.com/work/132380. Accessed: Sep. 3rd,  2021.)
Which of the highlighted words IN BLOCK LETTERS in the text is an example of an Adjective Phrase?
		
	
	5
	
	3
	 
	2
	
	4
	
	1
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:19:43
	
	Explicação:
Mysterious (CORRECT), since the suffix "-OUS" is used to change nouns into adjectives. In the case, the noun MYSTERY + the suffix "-OUS" was changed into the adjective MYSTERIOUS. Consequently, as the central element of an Adjective Phrase must be an adjective, the word in question is used to form an Adjective Phrase. The other words show either examples of noun (study and survey), relative pronouns (where) or determiners (first).
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In the excerpt below, we could delete that are  because:In Europe, you can always return items that are no longer required back to the point of purchase.
		
	
	The relative pronoun plays the role of subject in the restrictive relative clause.
	
	The relative pronoun restricts or defines the concept of  items.
	 
	The relative pronoun followed by verb to be can be deleted, according to what Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman (1999) call the  relative pronoun + be deletion rule.
	
	The relative pronoun introduces omissible information in the main clause.
	
	The relative pronoun plays the role of object in the restrictive relative clause.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:23:38
	
	Explicação:
According to Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman, whenever the relative pronoun is followed by verb to be they can be deleted altogether. That is what the authors call the  relative pronoun + be deletion rule. The only correct option is then: The relative pronoun followed by verb to be can be deleted, according to what Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman (1999) call the  relative pronoun + be deletion rule . When the relative pronoun plays the role of object in the restrictive relative clause, only the relative pronoun can be omitted. When the relative pronoun plays the role of subject in the restrictive relative clause it cannot be omitted and the same applies to when it introduces omissible information in the main clause. The fact that the clause is a nonrestrictive relative clause does not refer to a situation in which the relative pronoun and the verb to be can be omitted.
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "the people" in the main clause and in the restrictive relative clause respectively:
 
"These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people [that rely on them]"
		
	
	Subject, object.
	 
	Object, subject.
	
	Object, object.
	
	Subject, agent of the passive voice.
	
	Subject, subject.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:11:28
	
	Explicação:
The noun phrase "the people" is the object of the verb "affect" in the main clause as well as the subject of the verb "rely" in the restrictive relative clause. Remember that the canonical word order in English is subject-verb-complement, meaning that the subject usually precedes the verb phrase and that a complement (in this case an object) follows the verb phrase. "The people" follow the verb phrase, being the complement or object of the verb "affect"; whereas "that" precedes the verb "rely", occupying then the subject slot. The only correct alternative is "object, subject".
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Choose the correct relative pronouns to complete the statements below:
"Siberia has always been burning," says Jessica McCarty, a fire ecologist at Miami University in Ohio. "It has extreme fire seasons. But when I talk to my colleagues ______________ live in Siberia, they don¿t talk about this as if it's normalor indicative of the past."
Siberia's massive wildfires are unlocking extreme carbon pollution (nationalgeographic.com)
 
"Carbon-offset programs, ______________ are designed to fight climate change, typically pay landowners to manage their land in ways that store carbon".
Forests Used as Carbon Offsets Are Going Up in Wildfire Flames - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
		
	
	who - who.
	
	which - that.
	 
	who - which.
	
	which - who.
	
	that - who.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:27:28
	
	Explicação:
The noun phrase "my colleagues" is the referent of the relative pronoun "who". "Who" is the appropriate choice, because it is typically used to relate to human. Nevertheless, either ¿which¿ or "that" can be used to refer to "carbon-offset programs", as it is a non-human referent. Since the second sentence is a nonrestrictive relative clause, being placed between commas, only the relative pronoun "which" can be used. 
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Not all relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns. It is not infrequent to come across clauses in which the relative pronoun is not present. There are, however, rules to omit the pronouns. Mark the option in which the relative pronoun can be omitted:
		
	
	 9 out of 10 people breathe air [that contains high levels of pollutants].
	
	Extreme sea level events [that previously occurred once in 100 years] could happen every year by the end of this century.
	
	These changes affect both ocean ecosystems and the people [that rely on them].
	
	 How often do we think about repair and maintenance of computers, phones, or other devices [that have some damage or are slightly worn?].
	 
	 We are also pretty comfortable doing this with technology products [which we repair when damaged].
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:26:51
	
	Explicação:
We often delete the relative pronoun when it functions as the object of the restrictive relative clause. Except for  We are also pretty comfortable doing this with technology products [which we repair when damaged], all the alternatives present relative pronouns playing the role of subject in the restrictive relative clause. Since the subject of the relative clause in question  we  does not coincide with the noun the relative pronoun refers to, the relative pronoun can be omitted.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	There are special types of questions in English which are used to confirm or check information, by means of eliciting my interlocutor's agreement or confirmation. Below you will find some examples of the so-called tag questions. Choose the options which contain grammatically correct examples of tag questions:
i- She is coming, isn't she?
ii- She does work here, John?
iii- I should come, shouldn't I?
iv- I do love chocolate.
		
	
	Only option ii) is a tag question.
	
	Only option iv) is not an example of a tag question.
	
	Only option i) is a tag question.
	
	Options iii) and iv) are examples of tag questions.
	 
	Options i) and iii) are examples of tag questions.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:13:10
	
	Explicação:
Tag questions are formed by inverting the polarity of the original sentence and placing the auxiliary verb before the subject. Therefore, only in options i) and iii) is this structure being used. Options ii) and iv) show another type of phenomenon, when the auxiliary verb is used for emphatic purposes.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Analyze the questions below so as to identify their main functions
i- Are you coming tomorrow?
ii- Which do you prefer: coffee or tea?
		
	
	we use ii) when we ask about missing information.
	 
	in i) we want to invite the addressee to indicate whether a proposition is true or not.
	
	we use i) and ii) to make random elicitation.
	
	in i) and ii) the addressee is unknown.
	
	in i) we want to invite the addressee to select among alternatives presented.
	Respondido em 05/07/2023 14:13:23
	
	Explicação:
Question i) is a Yes-no question whose main function is to ask my interlocutor, or addressee to indicate whether a statement is true or not; whereas question ii) is an alternative question whose main function is to ask my interlocutor to choose among the options given. Therefore, the only correct option is the one that states that "we want to invite the addressee to indicate whether a proposition is true or not".