SIMULADO Língua Inglesa para Analista (DATAPREV) 2023

Prévia do material em texto

1) 
2) 
Língua Inglesa para Analista (DATAPREV) 2023_2023-08-15_07:18
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/s/Q2tHSC
Ordenação: Por Matéria e Assunto (data)
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943753
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
Redu, Belgium — Nearly 40 years ago, books saved this village.
The community was shrinking fast. Farming jobs had disappeared and families were moving away from
this pastoral patch of French-speaking Belgium. But in the mid-1980s, a band of booksellers moved into
the empty barns and transformed the place into a literary lodestone. The village of about 400 became
home to more than two dozen bookstores — more shops than cows, its boosters liked to say — and
thousands of tourists thronged the winsome streets.
Now, though, more than half the bookstores have closed. Some of the storekeepers died, others left
when they could no longer make a living. Many who remain are in their 70s and aren’t sure what’ll
happen after they’re gone.
It’s not just the businesses at risk. It’s Redu’s identity.
Reis Thebault. This village was a book capital. What happens when people stop buying so many books? In: The
Washington Post. Internet: <www.washingtonpost.com> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
 
In the third paragraph, the pronoun they, in “they’re gone”, refers to the storekeepers who left Redu
when they could no longer make a living.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943768
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
Chile’s Atacama Desert is known for its beauty, wildlife, starry night skies and amazing hot air balloon
rides. Now it’s also becoming infamous for its dunes of discarded fast fashion.
Up to 59,000 tons of unsold clothes make their way from the U.S. and Europe to the Iquique Port in
Northern Chile’s Atacama Desert every year, according to an Aljazeera estimate. The idea is to sell the
clothes in Latin America. But only about 20,000 tons of the clothes leave Chile. What’s left in the Zona
Franca de Iquique, or tax-free import zone, winds up piled up in illegal desert landfills or burned.
Clothing takes hundreds of years to biodegrade, if it ever does at all. Many municipal landfills won’t take
textiles because chemicals they contain seep into the ground and cause problems.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/s/Q2tHSC
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943753
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943768
3) 
Some of the other problems with fast fashion — child labor, terrible working conditions and outrageous
water consumption — were already common knowledge among people who care about such things.
But the idea of piles of cheap, vibrantly colored clothing journeying from China to the U.S. and then to an
enormous desert in South America is mind-bogglingly bizarre and wrong. One recycling project, Ecofibra
Chile, is working with importers to remove textile waste and transform it into thermal insulation panels.
Other local groups are trying to get funds to address the problem of discarded clothing with heavy
machinery to remove the clothes and recover public spaces, starting with areas closest to cities. Of
course, there will still be the problem of where to relocate all those hoodies and dresses.
Teresa Bergen. Fast fashion stacks up in Chile’s Atacama Desert. Internet: <www.inhabitat.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
In the first paragraph, the use of apostrophe plus s (’s) in the expressions “Chile’s” and “it’s” has the
same function.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972089
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
In May 2021, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The
suspected culprit was a piece of rogue space junk. While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has re-
focussed attention on the growing problem of orbital debris.
How did we get here?
It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On 1
January 2021 there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s
a lot of useless metal careering around the planet at 28,000 kph — ten times faster than a bullet.
How bad is the problem?
Very bad and getting worse. Estimates suggest there are currently half a million pieces of debris the size
of a marble or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces
are actively tracked by the US Department of Defense.
What is Kessler syndrome?
It’s a catastrophic chain of events in which a satellite is shattered by a piece of space junk (or a collision
with another satellite) and the resulting debris destroys more satellites creating more junk and so on in a
never-ending cascade. It’s a domino effect – one piece falls and then takes the rest with it – and is
named after NASA scientist Donald Kessler, who outlined the dangers back in 1978.
What can we do about it?
Better regulation of new launches would help, as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. There are existing
regulations in place to try and mitigate the dangers, such as a 25-year de-orbit rule for missions in low-
Earth orbit. However, ESA’s Space Debris Environment Report says that less than 60 per cent of those
flying in low-Earth orbit currently stick to the rules.
Colin Stuart. Space Junk: Is it a disaster waiting to happen?
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972089
4) 
Internet: <www.sciencefocus.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
It can be concluded that in the beginning of the fourth paragraph, “It's” is the contracted form of it has.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972111
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
In May 2021, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The
suspected culprit was a piece of rogue space junk. While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has re-
focussed attention on the growing problem of orbital debris.
How did we get here?
It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On 1
January 2021 there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s
a lot of useless metal careering around the planet at 28,000 kph — ten times faster than a bullet.
How bad is the problem?
Very bad and getting worse. Estimates suggest there are currently half a million pieces of debris the size
of a marble or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces
are actively tracked by the US Department of Defense.
What is Kessler syndrome?
It’s a catastrophic chain of events in which a satellite is shattered by a piece of space junk (or a collision
with another satellite) and the resulting debris destroys more satellites creating more junk and so on in a
never-ending cascade. It’s a domino effect – one piece falls and then takes the rest with it – and is
named after NASA scientist Donald Kessler, who outlined the dangers back in 1978.
What can we do about it?
Better regulation of new launches would help, as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. There are existing
regulations in place to try and mitigate the dangers, such as a 25-year de-orbit rule for missions in low-
Earth orbit. However, ESA’s Space Debris Environment Report says that less than 60 per cent of those
flying in low-Earth orbit currently stick to the rules.
Colin Stuart. Space Junk: Is it a disaster waiting to happen?
Internet: <www.sciencefocus.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
The word “Yet” (third paragraph) acts as an indicator of time.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972111
5)6) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972155
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Jack Kilby’s revolutionary idea was to make all the different components of a circuit out of the same
flat block of semiconductor material. Not only would this get rid of wires and faulty connections, it would
make the entire circuit much more compact. Kilby demonstrated his first “integrated circuit” on Sept. 12,
1958.
 
Six months later, in California, another engineer, Robert Noyce, independently came up with the idea of
making an integrated circuit. Noyce’s chip was better suited to be manufactured in large numbers, and
soon he was part of a young company called Intel.
 
Thus was launched a revolution. The first chip-based computer was the first U.S. Air Force computer,
built in 1961. The true potential of the integrated circuit was shown when Texas Instruments unveiled the
pocket calculator. Previously calculators had been bulky devices that needed to be plugged in to electrical
mains. The pocket calculator, small enough to hold in one’s palm, had a chip inside and batteries were
adequate to power it.
 
Progress was rapid thereafter. Many have already heard of Moore’s law, which has become a mantra of
the digital age. First put forward by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the 1960s, it says that the
processing power of a chip doubles every two years, while the price falls by half. For more than four
decades, Moore’s law has held, driving incredible growth and miniaturization — and wealth.
 
The question is whether the semiconductor industry can sustain this pace. Further increasing the
processing power of chips is proving to be problematic as certain fundamental physical barriers are being
reached. At the same time, new frontiers are opening up. The quest is on to make chips that are
powered by light instead of electricity, which will enable much faster computers.
 
Saswato Das. The Chip that Changed the World. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
The phrase “better suited to” (second paragraph) means more able to meet the requirements of.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010981
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972155
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010981
7) 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
In the second sentence of sixth paragraph, the pronoun “they” refers to “The Office of Communications”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2206464
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Ativ Fisc (ANP)/ANP/Infraestrutura e Movimentação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and natural gas production in
developing countries
 
Environmental impacts that occur during the production of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term
habitat change within the oil and gas field, production activities (including facility component
maintenance or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well
operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment), the presence of workers
and potential spills.
 
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen during production of crude oil and natural gas
include: disturbance of wildlife due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and
mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or with vehicles.
 
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the
biota and thus affects ecological resources. Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or into
surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to sustain plant growth.
 
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in
reserve pits and water management facilities. Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or
they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation
provided by their feathers or fur.
 
Internet: <www.core.ac.uk> (adapted).
 
Based on the text, judge the following item.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2206464
8) 
9) 
The last period of the text could be correctly rewritten, without this changing its meaning, as Animals
would, then, become entrapped in the oil and drown, or ingest toxic quantities of oil, or
succumb to cold stress if the oil damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1628456
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Ana (SERPRO)/SERPRO/Ciência de Dados/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The pandemic has exposed a contradiction in modern society. We are more connected than ever –
proven by the speed and truly global spread of the virus; nevertheless, we are also deeply divided.
Today’s connectedness, enforced by social distancing, has pushed the role of technology in every aspect
of our lives to a new level. The tech industry is now in a challenging space: trapped between the
increasing politicization of technology, the still superficial social debate around its impact and the slow
adaptation of appropriate legislation. Right now, the industry needs to enable and push forward this
ethical debate, recognizing its responsibility in this historic moment.
The first step is to end the myth of tech neutrality. We need to acknowledge that technology is caught
between private economic interests and its social value. Some tech business models, for example,
prioritize commodification of data or advertising revenue over the social value of their services — the
sharing of knowledge, connecting people, etc.
The social impact of tech is deeper than we usually perceive and most of the time invisible to us. Digital
architecture determines, increasingly, social interactions in our digital society. An example of this is the
invisible influence ofsearch engine and social media algorithms, the results of which shape our
understanding of the world.
In this moment of crisis, technology can play a fundamental role in overcoming the economic recession
and reducing the systemic injustices that have been exposed. Social exclusion - the next pandemic.
Internet: <www.thoughtworks.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the ideas stated in the text and the words used in it, judge the following item.
 
The word “nevertheless” introduces an idea of condition in the first paragraph.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1628460
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Ana (SERPRO)/SERPRO/Ciência de Dados/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The pandemic has exposed a contradiction in modern society. We are more connected than ever –
proven by the speed and truly global spread of the virus; nevertheless, we are also deeply divided.
Today’s connectedness, enforced by social distancing, has pushed the role of technology in every aspect
of our lives to a new level. The tech industry is now in a challenging space: trapped between the
increasing politicization of technology, the still superficial social debate around its impact and the slow
adaptation of appropriate legislation. Right now, the industry needs to enable and push forward this
ethical debate, recognizing its responsibility in this historic moment.
The first step is to end the myth of tech neutrality. We need to acknowledge that technology is caught
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1628456
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1628460
10) 
11) 
between private economic interests and its social value. Some tech business models, for example,
prioritize commodification of data or advertising revenue over the social value of their services — the
sharing of knowledge, connecting people, etc.
The social impact of tech is deeper than we usually perceive and most of the time invisible to us. Digital
architecture determines, increasingly, social interactions in our digital society. An example of this is the
invisible influence of search engine and social media algorithms, the results of which shape our
understanding of the world.
In this moment of crisis, technology can play a fundamental role in overcoming the economic recession
and reducing the systemic injustices that have been exposed. Social exclusion - the next pandemic.
Internet: <www.thoughtworks.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the ideas stated in the text and the words used in it, judge the following item.
 
The sentence “the industry needs to enable and push forward this ethical debate” (in the last sentence of
the second paragraph) can be correctly rephrased as the industry ought to facilitate and advance
forward this ethical debate, without changing the meaning of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1698530
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Ag Pol (PC DF)/PC DF/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
As technology continues to reshape nearly every sector of society, it is also transforming police work
in the 21st century. Law enforcement leaders can now count on an arsenal of high-tech systems and
tools that are designed to enhance public safety, catch criminals and save lives.
One of their options is the use of biometrics. Police have been using fingerprints to identify people for
over a century. Now, in addition to facial recognition and DNA, there is an ever-expanding array of
biometric characteristics being utilized by law enforcement and the intelligence community. These include
voice recognition, palmprints, wrist veins, iris recognition, and even heartbeats.
With comprehensive electronic databases now in place to more effectively use DNA and other biometric
data, even the use of fingerprints to identify suspects has gone high-tech. For example, a CNBC report
explains how police in London can now use a mobile INK (Identity Not Known) biometrics device to scan
a suspect's fingerprints and in many cases reveal their identity within 60 seconds.
Internet: <onlinedegrees.sandiego.edu> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item based on the text above.
 
The options mentioned in the first sentence of the second paragraph are connected to “Law enforcement
leaders” in the last sentence of the previous paragraph, a relation indicated by the use of “their”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1728233
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Sold (CBM AL)/CBM AL/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1698530
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1728233
12) 
First study of all Amazon greenhouse gases suggests the damaged forest is now worsening
climate change
 
The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to warming of the planet, according to a first-
of-itskind analysis from more than 30 scientists.
 
For years, researchers have expressed concern that rising temperatures, drought, and deforestation are
reducing the capacity of the world’s largest rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and
help offset emissions from fossil-fuel burning. Recent studies have even suggested that some portions of
the tropical landscape already may release more carbon than they store.
 
But the inhaling and exhaling of CO2 is just one way this damp jungle, the most species-rich on Earth,
influences the global climate. Activities in the Amazon, both natural and human-caused, can shift the
rainforest’s contribution in significant ways, warming the air directly or releasing other greenhouse gases
that do.
 
Yet no team had ever tried to assess the cumulative impact of these processes, even as the region is
being rapidly transformed. The research estimates that atmospheric warming from all of these sources
combined now appears to swamp the forest’s natural cooling effect.
 
The damage, however, can still be reversed. Halting global emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas
would help restore balance, but curbing Amazon deforestation is a must, along with reducing dam
building and increasing efforts to replant trees. Continuing to clear land at current rates appears certain
to make warming worse for the entire world.
 
Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
The words “however” and “but” are both used to introduce a statement that contrasts with something
that has been said before.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1728243
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Sold (CBM AL)/CBM AL/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
First study of all Amazon greenhouse gases suggests the damaged forest is now
worsening climate change
 
The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to warming of the planet, according to a first-
of-itskind analysis from more than 30 scientists.
 
For years, researchers have expressed concern that rising temperatures, drought, and deforestation are
reducing the capacity of the world’s largest rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and
help offset emissions from fossil-fuel burning. Recent studies have even suggested that some portions of
the tropical landscape already may release more carbon than they store.
 
But the inhaling and exhaling of CO2 is just one way this damp jungle, the most species-rich on Earth,
influences the global climate. Activities in the Amazon, both natural and human-caused, can shift the
rainforest’s contribution in significant ways, warming the air directly or releasing other greenhouse gases
that do.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1728243
13) 
14) 
Yet no team had ever tried to assess the cumulative impact of these processes, even as the region is
being rapidly transformed. The research estimates that atmospheric warming from all of these sources
combined now appears to swamp the forest’s natural cooling effect.
 
The damage, however, can still be reversed. Halting global emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas
would help restore balance, but curbing Amazon deforestation is a must, along with reducingdam
building and increasing efforts to replant trees. Continuing to clear land at current rates appears certain
to make warming worse for the entire world.
 
Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
The terms “inhaling” and “exhaling” are verbs that express the idea that the action is happening now.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1729676
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Of (PM AL)/PM AL/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The body of officers representing the civil authority of government is known as police. Police
typically are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing,
detecting, and investigating criminal activities. These functions are known as policing. Police are often
also entrusted with various licensing and regulatory activities. However, police scholars have criticized this
popular understanding of the word “police” — that it refers to members of a public organization having
the legal competence to maintain order and enforce the law — for two reasons. First, it defines police by
their ends rather than by the specific means that they use to achieve their goals. Second, the variety of
situations in which police are asked to intervene is much greater than law enforcement and order
maintenance.
There is now a consensus among researchers that the common feature among all the different agencies
engaged in policing is the legal competence to enforce coercive, nonnegotiable measures to resolve
problematic situations. Such situations are characterized by their potential for harm and the need to solve
them urgently before they develop that potential. Hence, the actual use of coercion or the threat of using
it allows police to put a quick, nonnegotiated, and conclusive end to problematic situations.
Internet: <www.britannica.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
In the sentence “The body of officers representing the civil authority of government is known as police”,
the word “representing” could be correctly replaced both with the phrase which represents and which
represent, although each option has a slightly different meaning.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1729693
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Of (PM AL)/PM AL/2021
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The landscape where the São Francisco River enters the Atlantic Ocean seems so out of place it
makes one wonder if this is still coastal Brazil. White sand dunes stretch as far as the eye can see;
clusters of cashew trees throw flickering shadows like ocean waves on the sand.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1729676
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1729693
15) 
Here among these shifting dunes formerly enslaved men and women founded the Pixaim Quilombo near
the mouth of the river. They developed a reliable sustainable lifestyle and community well attuned to the
dynamic, always changing estuary.
But it is a lifestyle utterly dependent on the São Francisco River; reliant on the planting of rice in marshes
downstream and on catching plentiful freshwater fish upstream.
Now, varied and growing water demands by upstream dams and other users are threatening the long-
established quilombo lifestyle — demands that experts predict will worsen severely in Brazil’s Northeast.
“We used to catch fish that were meters long, but now you have to go much farther up the river to find
them,” remembers 84-year-old Aladim, who lives in Pixaim. “The fish left, so the people left,” he remarks.
Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
In the last paragraph, the word “who” refers to “Aladim”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102494
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Britain’s long-running drama of exiting the European Union has revealed evident generational
differences. Our research looked at how views on immigration change over time among different age
groups. Our findings are particularly relevant in the context of the UK’s Brexit referendum.
So far, much of the existing research on attitudes to immigration has largely ignored the potential
importance of generational differences. Researchers have long contended that such generational
differences are likely because the conditions when people “come of age” politically and socially generally
thought to be between the ages of 15 to 20 are instrumental in shaping their opinions, attitudes, and
behaviours later in life.
Our statistical analysis shows that those born between approximately 1920 and 1960 are generally
among the most negative about immigration. For generations born after 1960, we found a small but
steadily significant movement towards more positive attitudes to immigration among younger
generations.
One explanation is that the younger groups are experiencing far more contact with immigrant minorities
than their elders, and our research shows that this is indeed the case. Exposure to more affordable
international travel and to friends and relatives who’ve worked abroad may allow these younger groups
to empathize more with being a “foreigner” than their parents do, or maybe they feel more like “citizens
of the world”.
Anti-immigration attitudes are disappearing among younger generations in Britain. Internet:
<theconversation.com> (adapted).
Considerando as ideias e os aspectos linguísticos do texto apresentado, julgue o item.
It is correct to classify “more affordable” and “younger” in different word classes.
Certo
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102494
16) 
17) 
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102496
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Britain’s long-running drama of exiting the European Union has revealed evident generational
differences. Our research looked at how views on immigration change over time among different age
groups. Our findings are particularly relevant in the context of the UK’s Brexit referendum.
So far, much of the existing research on attitudes to immigration has largely ignored the potential
importance of generational differences. Researchers have long contended that such generational
differences are likely because the conditions when people “come of age” politically and socially generally
thought to be between the ages of 15 to 20 are instrumental in shaping their opinions, attitudes, and
behaviours later in life.
Our statistical analysis shows that those born between approximately 1920 and 1960 are generally
among the most negative about immigration. For generations born after 1960, we found a small but
steadily significant movement towards more positive attitudes to immigration among younger
generations.
One explanation is that the younger groups are experiencing far more contact with immigrant minorities
than their elders, and our research shows that this is indeed the case. Exposure to more affordable
international travel and to friends and relatives who’ve worked abroad may allow these younger groups
to empathize more with being a “foreigner” than their parents do, or maybe they feel more like “citizens
of the world”.
Anti-immigration attitudes are disappearing among younger generations in Britain. Internet:
<theconversation.com> (adapted).
Considerando as ideias e os aspectos linguísticos do texto apresentado, julgue o item.
The first sentence of the text presents more than four words which are cognate to words in Portuguese.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102507
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Texto 7A1-I
Why the Cheetah's Cheeks Are Stained
(A Traditional Zulu Story)
“Kwasuka sukela....”
Long ago a lazy hunter was sitting under a tree. He was thinking that it was toohot to be bothered with
the arduous task of stalking prey through the bushes. Below him there were fat antelope grazing. But
this hunter couldn't be bothered, so lazy was he! He gazed at the herd, wishing that he could have the
meat without the work, when suddenly he noticed a movement. It was a female cheetah. She singled out
an antelope who had foolishly wandered away from the rest. With great speed she came upon the
antelope and brought it down.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102496
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102507
18) 
The hunter watched as the cheetah dragged her prize to some shade on the edge of the clearing. There
three beautiful cheetah cubs were waiting for her. The lazy hunter was filled with envy. Then he had a
wicked idea. He decided that he would steal one of the cheetah cubs and train it to hunt for him.
When the sun began to set, the cheetah left her cubs concealed in a bush and set off to the waterhole.
Quickly the hunter went to the bushes where the cubs were hidden. He first chose one, then decided
upon another, and then changed his mind again. Finally, he stole them all.
When their mother returned half-an-hour later and found her babies gone, she was broken-hearted. The
poor mother cheetah cried and cried until her tears made dark stains down her cheeks. She cried so
loudly that she was heard by an old man who came to see what the noise was all about.
The old man returned to the village and told the elders what has happened. They drove the lazy man
away from the village and took the three cheetah cubs back to their grateful mother. But the long
weeping of the mother cheetah stained her face forever.
Internet: <www.canteach.ca> (adapted).
A respeito das informações e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto 7A1-I, julgue o seguinte item.
 
The adjective “arduous” and the word árduo, in Portuguese, are considered false cognates.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102509
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Texto 7A1-I
Why the Cheetah's Cheeks Are Stained
(A Traditional Zulu Story)
“Kwasuka sukela....”
Long ago a lazy hunter was sitting under a tree. He was thinking that it was too hot to be bothered with
the arduous task of stalking prey through the bushes. Below him there were fat antelope grazing. But
this hunter couldn't be bothered, so lazy was he! He gazed at the herd, wishing that he could have the
meat without the work, when suddenly he noticed a movement. It was a female cheetah. She singled out
an antelope who had foolishly wandered away from the rest. With great speed she came upon the
antelope and brought it down.
The hunter watched as the cheetah dragged her prize to some shade on the edge of the clearing. There
three beautiful cheetah cubs were waiting for her. The lazy hunter was filled with envy. Then he had a
wicked idea. He decided that he would steal one of the cheetah cubs and train it to hunt for him.
When the sun began to set, the cheetah left her cubs concealed in a bush and set off to the waterhole.
Quickly the hunter went to the bushes where the cubs were hidden. He first chose one, then decided
upon another, and then changed his mind again. Finally, he stole them all.
When their mother returned half-an-hour later and found her babies gone, she was broken-hearted. The
poor mother cheetah cried and cried until her tears made dark stains down her cheeks. She cried so
loudly that she was heard by an old man who came to see what the noise was all about.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102509
19) 
The old man returned to the village and told the elders what has happened. They drove the lazy man
away from the village and took the three cheetah cubs back to their grateful mother. But the long
weeping of the mother cheetah stained her face forever.
Internet: <www.canteach.ca> (adapted).
A respeito das informações e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto 7A1-I, julgue o seguinte item.
The predominant verb tense in this story is the simple past tense.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102510
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Texto 7A1-I
Why the Cheetah's Cheeks Are Stained
(A Traditional Zulu Story)
“Kwasuka sukela....”
Long ago a lazy hunter was sitting under a tree. He was thinking that it was too hot to be bothered with
the arduous task of stalking prey through the bushes. Below him there were fat antelope grazing. But
this hunter couldn't be bothered, so lazy was he! He gazed at the herd, wishing that he could have the
meat without the work, when suddenly he noticed a movement. It was a female cheetah. She singled out
an antelope who had foolishly wandered away from the rest. With great speed she came upon the
antelope and brought it down.
The hunter watched as the cheetah dragged her prize to some shade on the edge of the clearing. There
three beautiful cheetah cubs were waiting for her. The lazy hunter was filled with envy. Then he had a
wicked idea. He decided that he would steal one of the cheetah cubs and train it to hunt for him.
When the sun began to set, the cheetah left her cubs concealed in a bush and set off to the waterhole.
Quickly the hunter went to the bushes where the cubs were hidden. He first chose one, then decided
upon another, and then changed his mind again. Finally, he stole them all.
When their mother returned half-an-hour later and found her babies gone, she was broken-hearted. The
poor mother cheetah cried and cried until her tears made dark stains down her cheeks. She cried so
loudly that she was heard by an old man who came to see what the noise was all about.
The old man returned to the village and told the elders what has happened. They drove the lazy man
away from the village and took the three cheetah cubs back to their grateful mother. But the long
weeping of the mother cheetah stained her face forever.
Internet: <www.canteach.ca> (adapted).
A respeito das informações e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto 7A1-I, julgue o seguinte item.
 
The phrasal verb “singled out” can be understood, in this context, as a synonym of selected.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102510
20) 
21) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102522
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Texto 7A2-I
In 1962, there was a writers’ gathering impressively styled “A Conference of African Writers of English
Expression”. Despite this rather solemn title, there was something that we tried to do and failed — that
was to define “African literature”. Was it literature produced in Africa or about Africa? Should it be in
indigenous African languages or should it include Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Afrikaans, and so
on? You cannot cram African literature into a small, neat definition. I do not see African literature as one
unit but as a group of associated units — the sum of all the national and ethnic literatures of Africa. A
national literature has a realized or potential audience throughout its territory. In other words, a literature
that is written in the national language. An ethnic literature is available only to one ethnic group within
the nation. If you take Nigeria as an example, the national literature, as I see it, is the literature written
in English; and the ethnic literatures are in Hausa, Ibo, Yoruba, Efik, Edo, Ijaw, etc.
Chinua Achebe. The african writer and the english language.
In: Patrick Williams & Laura Cristman. Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1994, p. 428-9 (adapted).
A respeito do vocabulário e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto 7A2-I, julgue o item seguinte.
In the text, “within” is a preposition meaning outside.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102526
CEBRASPE (CESPE) -Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Texto 7A2-I
In 1962, there was a writers’ gathering impressively styled “A Conference of African Writers of English
Expression”. Despite this rather solemn title, there was something that we tried to do and failed — that
was to define “African literature”. Was it literature produced in Africa or about Africa? Should it be in
indigenous African languages or should it include Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Afrikaans, and so
on? You cannot cram African literature into a small, neat definition. I do not see African literature as one
unit but as a group of associated units — the sum of all the national and ethnic literatures of Africa. A
national literature has a realized or potential audience throughout its territory. In other words, a literature
that is written in the national language. An ethnic literature is available only to one ethnic group within
the nation. If you take Nigeria as an example, the national literature, as I see it, is the literature written
in English; and the ethnic literatures are in Hausa, Ibo, Yoruba, Efik, Edo, Ijaw, etc.
Chinua Achebe. The african writer and the english language.
In: Patrick Williams & Laura Cristman. Colonial discourse and postcolonial theory. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1994, p. 428-9 (adapted).
A respeito do vocabulário e dos aspectos linguísticos do texto 7A2-I, julgue o item seguinte.
 
In the text, “If” introduces a conditional clause.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102522
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102526
22) 
23) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102533
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Texto 7A2-II
What are the factors which have conspired to place English in the position of national language in many
parts of Africa? Quite simply the reason is that these nations were created in the first place by the
intervention of the British, which, I hasten to add, is not saying that the peoples comprising these
nations were invented by the British. Those of us who have inherited the English language may go on
resenting it because it came as part of a package deal which included many other items of doubtful value
and the positive atrocity of racial arrogance and prejudice. But let us not, in rejecting the evil, throw out
the good with it. This is my thinking on the importance of the world language which history has forced
down our throats.
Idem, ibidem (adapted).
A respeito dos verbos empregados no texto 7A2-II, julgue o item.
 
In the text, “may” indicates permission.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102553
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
It was early 2016 in the Calais Refugees Camp. We had students asking to learn English and French
but they didn’t want to learn grammar or long lists of vocabulary. Opportunities for oral interaction were
limited.
Food and cooking have become essential elements in many refugee education projects and it’s a great
topic for the English classroom more generally. Recipes use relatively predictable and restricted
vocabulary that can be easily adjusted for language level. The grammar can also be limited to the
imperative: “First chop the onions. Then fry them in oil.” This creates a good opportunity to work on
pronunciation, word stress and intonation using authentic materials: “Chop the tomatoes and add them
to the onions”.
I first used cooking for language-learning while working alongside Kate McAllister with a community of
male Sudanese refugees in Calais who had organised themselves around a small communal kitchen. It
was very primitive only a small room with two gas burners connected to a gas tank, but some great
meals were cooked there, usually with very limited ingredients.
Kate planned lessons around simple French and English recipes in exchange for Sudanese recipes from
our students. Recipes were presented with simple diagrams and pictures, to be annotated in English
and/or French and Arabic. “We talked. We learned. We cooked. We laughed. We ate. It was a good day.”
Cooking is also a great opportunity to take students shopping an authentic task of buying real food. Best
of all, these lessons went beyond language learning, fostering a sense of community in the class.
Gil Ragsdale. Recipes for success in language learning. Internet: <www.elgazette.com> (adapted).
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102533
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102553
24) 
25) 
O texto relata uma experiência de aprendizagem de inglês e francês por meio da troca de receitas entre
refugiados em um campo de refugiados de Calais. A respeito das ideias e informações do texto
precedente e de seus aspectos linguísticos, julgue o item que se segue.
 
The pronoun “It”, in the sentence “It was very primitive” refers to the Sudanese cooking.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102559
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
It was early 2016 in the Calais Refugees Camp. We had students asking to learn English and French
but they didn’t want to learn grammar or long lists of vocabulary. Opportunities for oral interaction were
limited.
Food and cooking have become essential elements in many refugee education projects and it’s a great
topic for the English classroom more generally. Recipes use relatively predictable and restricted
vocabulary that can be easily adjusted for language level. The grammar can also be limited to the
imperative: “First chop the onions. Then fry them in oil.” This creates a good opportunity to work on
pronunciation, word stress and intonation using authentic materials: “Chop the tomatoes and add them
to the onions”.
I first used cooking for language-learning while working alongside Kate McAllister with a community of
male Sudanese refugees in Calais who had organised themselves around a small communal kitchen. It
was very primitive only a small room with two gas burners connected to a gas tank, but some great
meals were cooked there, usually with very limited ingredients.
Kate planned lessons around simple French and English recipes in exchange for Sudanese recipes from
our students. Recipes were presented with simple diagrams and pictures, to be annotated in English
and/or French and Arabic. “We talked. We learned. We cooked. We laughed. We ate. It was a good day.”
Cooking is also a great opportunity to take students shopping an authentic task of buying real food. Best
of all, these lessons went beyond language learning, fostering a sense of community in the class.
Gil Ragsdale. Recipes for success in language learning. Internet: <www.elgazette.com> (adapted).
 
O texto relata uma experiência de aprendizagem de inglês e francês por meio da troca de receitas entre
refugiados em um campo de refugiados de Calais. A respeito das ideias e informações do texto
precedente e de seus aspectos linguísticos, julgue o item que se segue.
 
In the sentences ‘First chop the onions. Then fry them in oil.’, the verbs “chop” and “fry” are used in the
present continuous.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102562
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
It was early 2016 in the Calais Refugees Camp. We had students asking to learn English and French
but they didn’t want to learn grammar or long lists of vocabulary. Opportunities for oral interaction were
limited.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102559
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102562
26) 
Food and cooking have become essential elements in many refugee education projects and it’s a great
topic for the English classroom more generally. Recipesuse relatively predictable and restricted
vocabulary that can be easily adjusted for language level. The grammar can also be limited to the
imperative: “First chop the onions. Then fry them in oil.” This creates a good opportunity to work on
pronunciation, word stress and intonation using authentic materials: “Chop the tomatoes and add them
to the onions”.
I first used cooking for language-learning while working alongside Kate McAllister with a community of
male Sudanese refugees in Calais who had organised themselves around a small communal kitchen. It
was very primitive only a small room with two gas burners connected to a gas tank, but some great
meals were cooked there, usually with very limited ingredients.
Kate planned lessons around simple French and English recipes in exchange for Sudanese recipes from
our students. Recipes were presented with simple diagrams and pictures, to be annotated in English
and/or French and Arabic. “We talked. We learned. We cooked. We laughed. We ate. It was a good day.”
Cooking is also a great opportunity to take students shopping an authentic task of buying real food. Best
of all, these lessons went beyond language learning, fostering a sense of community in the class.
Gil Ragsdale. Recipes for success in language learning. Internet: <www.elgazette.com> (adapted).
 
O texto relata uma experiência de aprendizagem de inglês e francês por meio da troca de receitas entre
refugiados em um campo de refugiados de Calais. A respeito das ideias e informações do texto
precedente e de seus aspectos linguísticos, julgue o item que se segue.
The word “shopping” is an adjective in the sentence.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102582
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Study skills tips
What makes a good language learner? There are some things that good language learners do and some
things they don’t do. Here are some of the most useful suggestions.
• Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Good language learners notice their mistakes and learn from them.
• Do group activities. A good language learner always looks for opportunities to talk with other students.
• Make notes during every class. Look at your notes when you do your homework.
• Use a dictionary. Good language learners often use dictionaries to check the meaning of words they
don’t know.
• Think in the language you’re learning outside the classroom. When you’re shopping or walking down
the street, remember useful words and phrases.
• Do extra practice. Test and improve your language, reading and listening skills with self-study material.
You can find a lot of this online.
• Imagine yourself speaking in the language. Many good language learners can see and hear themselves
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102582
27) 
speaking in the language.
• Enjoy the process. Good language learners have fun with the language. Watch a TV series or film,
listen to songs, play video games or read a book. It’s never too late to become a good language learner.
Internet: <learnenglish.britishcouncil.org> (adapted).
No que se refere ao texto anterior e a seus aspectos linguísticos, julgue o item a seguir.
 
In the sentence “When you’re shopping or walking down the street”, the verbal forms express an idea
that corresponds to the subjunctive tense in Portuguese.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102996
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Study skills tips
What makes a good language learner? There are some things that good language learners do and some
things they don’t do. Here are some of the most useful suggestions.
• Don’t be afraid of making mistakes. Good language learners notice their mistakes and learn from them.
• Do group activities. A good language learner always looks for opportunities to talk with other students.
• Make notes during every class. Look at your notes when you do your homework.
• Use a dictionary. Good language learners often use dictionaries to check the meaning of words they
don’t know.
• Think in the language you’re learning outside the classroom. When you’re shopping or walking down
the street, remember useful words and phrases.
• Do extra practice. Test and improve your language, reading and listening skills with self-study material.
You can find a lot of this online.
• Imagine yourself speaking in the language. Many good language learners can see and hear themselves
speaking in the language.
• Enjoy the process. Good language learners have fun with the language. Watch a TV series or film,
listen to songs, play video games or read a book. It’s never too late to become a good language learner.
Internet: <learnenglish.britishcouncil.org> (adapted).
No que se refere ao texto anterior e a seus aspectos linguísticos, julgue o item a seguir.
 
In the sentence “You can find a lot of this online.", the pronoun “this” refers to the word “Test”.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1102996
28) 
29) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1103001
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Amazon fish species at risk if fires destroy river habitat
This year’s unusually severe fires in the Amazon have not only attracted widespread international
attention, but also illuminated the effects of mounting deforestation in the region, from evaporating rains
to rising carbon dioxide emissions. Yet one effect of forest loss in the Amazon has largely been ignored:
how it influences the river system and the fish living in it.
There are few places in the world where aquatic and arboreal life are brought together as closely as they
are in the Amazon. While the rainforest is home to the world’s largest river (by volume of water) and
1,700 tributaries, about one-sixth of the basin is also made up of largely forest-covered wetlands that
flood for long periods each year and support the commercially most important fish in the region.
Although still pristine in much of the Amazon, the floodplain forests have in recent decades been heavily
damaged in some parts of the basin, especially in the eastern lowlands of Brazil. Now, the threat to their
survival — and the fish that rely on them — may be growing more intense because of increasing
deforestation and fire, researchers say, warning that further degradation of the flooded forests could
fundamentally alter the Amazon’s aquatic ecosystem.
Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
A respeito das ideias, dos aspectos gramaticais e do vocabulário do texto apresentado, julgue o item a
seguir.
 
The word “few” can be correctly replaced by little without changing its meaning.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1103003
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (São Cristóvão)/Pref São Cristóvão/Inglês/Educação
Básica/2019
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Amazon fish species at risk if fires destroy river habitat
This year’s unusually severe fires in the Amazon have not only attracted widespread international
attention, but also illuminated the effects of mounting deforestation in the region, from evaporating rains
to rising carbon dioxide emissions. Yet one effect of forest loss in the Amazon has largely been ignored:
how it influences the river system and the fish living in it.
There are few places in the world where aquatic and arboreal life are brought together as closely as they
are in the Amazon. While the rainforest is home to the world’s largest river (by volume of water) and
1,700 tributaries, about one-sixth of the basin is also made up of largely forest-covered wetlands that
flood for long periods each year and support the commercially most important fish in the region.
Although still pristine in much of the Amazon, the floodplain forests have in recent decades been heavily
damaged in some partsof the basin, especially in the eastern lowlands of Brazil. Now, the threat to their
survival — and the fish that rely on them — may be growing more intense because of increasing
deforestation and fire, researchers say, warning that further degradation of the flooded forests could
fundamentally alter the Amazon’s aquatic ecosystem.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1103001
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1103003
30) 
Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
A respeito das ideias, dos aspectos gramaticais e do vocabulário do texto apresentado, julgue o item a
seguir.
 
In the text, there are some examples of cognates in English that resemble the same words and have the
same meaning in Portuguese, such as ‘aquatic’, ‘arboreal’ ‘forests’ and ‘degradation’.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/616098
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - OTI (ABIN)/ABIN/Área 1/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text 
 
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled spy. Their trade was
stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men and women in government. Today the
intelligence services are part of everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from
terrorists and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments and courts.
 
The intelligence revolution is partly the result of new technology. As recently as 1999, on becoming
director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all
staff. He was told: “We can’t actually do that.” The organization used computers to break codes rather
than to surf the web as everyone else did. The NSA’s new facility in Utah, the first of several, now stores
exabytes of data drawn from everyday communications. At Britain’s GCHQ, most code-breaking was done
on paper until well into the 1980s.
 
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks on America on September
11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency became the focus for the American intelligence
agencies. Almost two-thirds of today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world
has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles
as well as terrorists.
 
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios and dead letter boxes.
Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between
computers and smartphones that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-
terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of
conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
 
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
In: The Economist, 12/11/2016 (adapted).
 
Based on text, judge the following item.
 
In the fragment “on becoming director of the American National Security Agency”, the preposition “on”
refers to a period when the action is taking place.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/616098
31) 
32) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/625829
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - TJ STJ/STJ/Apoio Especializado/Desenvolvimento de
Sistemas/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text CB5A1AAA
‘Basic human rights’ is a term which refers to those human rights that are generally considered most
necessary or essential to the wellbeing and dignity of the human person. In concept, when basic human
rights are guaranteed, they help to assure the primary material and nonmaterial needs of human beings,
so that they can lead a dignified life. Because of this, these rights are given absolute precedence in both
national and international law and policy.
There is no universally accepted list of these rights, as they vary somewhat according to different cultural
contexts. However, they would include, for example, the right to life, food, shelter, and medical
treatment, freedom from torture, and from cruel, degrading, and inhuman treatment and punishment,
freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and freedom from slavery. All human rights are considered
equal, interdependent, interrelated, and indivisible in theory. Nevertheless, the term ‘basic human rights’
designates certain human rights that are simply too basic not to be respected.
M. Victor Condé. Basic human rights. In
A handbook of international human rights terminology. 2nd ed., p. 23-4 (adapted.)
 
According to the text CB5A1AAA, judge the item.
 
In the excerpts “they help to assure” and “so that they can lead a dignified life”, the pronoun “they”
refers to “basic human rights”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/693389
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text I
With this report, our aim is to present initial reflections on diplomacy in the digital age. In the ongoing
debate amongst international relations scholars, information and communication technology (ICT)
experts, digital strategists, social media advocates and others, the first question for us is: what is
happening to diplomacy? And the obvious answer is what has always happened to it: diplomacy is
responding to changes in the international and domestic environments, in the main centres of authority,
particularly states, and in the character of societies at home and abroad.
“Newness” in diplomacy today has everything to do with the application of new communications
technologies to diplomacy. This issue goes right to the heart of diplomacy’s core functions, including
negotiation, representation and communication. Given the centrality of communication in diplomacy, it is
hardly surprising that the rise of social media should be of interest to practitioners of diplomacy. Most of
them, like people outside diplomatic culture, are in the process of adjusting their “analogue” habits and
finding their own voice in a new information sphere. This takes time, and for technological enthusiasts to
simply proclaim the arrival of a “new statecraft” in the form of what is variously termed e-diplomacy,
digital diplomacy, cyber diplomacy and “twiplomacy” is too simplistic.
Paradoxically, greater complexity encourages shallow, hurried analyses and the search for simple
explanations about what is happening to diplomacy as the regulating mechanism of the society of states.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/625829
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/693389
33) 
As in other epochs of fast technological change, the lure of quick fixes addressing multifaceted processes
of change in diplomacy appears almost irresistible.
Brian Hocking and Jan Melissen. Diplomacy in the digital age. 2015, p. 9. Internet: <www.clingendael.org> (adapted).
 
Decide whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E) according to text I.
 
The passage “what has always happened to it:” can be correctly replaced by what has always
happened to it, which means that or by what has always happened to it, which is to say.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608341
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
In recent years, there has been a dramatic change in the reach of English language teaching all over
the world and an increasing demand for competent English language teachers, as well as for language
programmes that can offer the English language skills and competencies needed by today's global
citizens. The teaching of English consumes a considerable portion of available educational resources in
many countries, and English is not necessarily a neutral product offering equal opportunities for all.
English teachers, therefore, need to appreciate the special status English has in modern life, what its
costs and benefits are to those who try to learn it, the different motivations learners may have for
learning English and the different circumstances in which they learn it.
 
The English language has a complexstatus in today's world. For some people, it is acquired as a first
language.
 
For some, it may be learned at school, and may be essential for academic and professional success. For
others, it may represent a subject that they are required to study in school, but for which they have no
immediate need. And English means different things to people in different parts of the world. For some, it
may arouse positive feelings as the language of pop culture, the media and social networking. For others,
it may have associations with colonialism, exploitation, elitism or social and economic inequality.
 
English today has a unique status, as a consequence of the role it plays around the world and its function
as an international or world language. It has been described as the world's lingua franca. Although some
380 million people speak it as a first language in countries like Australia, Canada, the United States and
Great Britain, a further 600 million people use it, alongside other languages, as a second language — in
countries like Nigeria, India and the Philippines. And another one billion people are studying it, at any
one time, as a foreign
language, in countries like China, South Korea, France, Germany, Russia and Brazil.
 
Jack C. Richards. Key issues in language learning. CUP, 2015 (adapted).
 
Based on the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the item below.
 
In the fragment “a unique status”, the use of the article “a” can be explained by the sound of the
semivowel at the beginning of “unique”.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608341
34) 
35) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608343
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
In recent years, there has been a dramatic change in the reach of English language teaching all over
the world and an increasing demand for competent English language teachers, as well as for language
programmes that can offer the English language skills and competencies needed by today's global
citizens. The teaching of English consumes a considerable portion of available educational resources in
many countries, and English is not necessarily a neutral product offering equal opportunities for all.
English teachers, therefore, need to appreciate the special status English has in modern life, what its
costs and benefits are to those who try to learn it, the different motivations learners may have for
learning English and the different circumstances in which they learn it.
 
The English language has a complex status in today's world. For some people, it is acquired as a first
language.
 
For some, it may be learned at school, and may be essential for academic and professional success. For
others, it may represent a subject that they are required to study in school, but for which they have no
immediate need. And English means different things to people in different parts of the world. For some, it
may arouse positive feelings as the language of pop culture, the media and social networking. For others,
it may have associations with colonialism, exploitation, elitism or social and economic inequality.
 
English today has a unique status, as a consequence of the role it plays around the world and its function
as an international or world language. It has been described as the world's lingua franca. Although some
380 million people speak it as a first language in countries like Australia, Canada, the United States and
Great Britain, a further 600 million people use it, alongside other languages, as a second language — in
countries like Nigeria, India and the Philippines. And another one billion people are studying it, at any
one time, as a foreign
language, in countries like China, South Korea, France, Germany, Russia and Brazil.
 
Jack C. Richards. Key issues in language learning. CUP, 2015 (adapted).
 
Based on the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the item below.
 
The sentence: “For some people, it is acquired as a first language” can be correctly rewritten as For
some people, it has acquired as a first language.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608394
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The spread of English is often linked to globalization, since it provides for high levels of
interconnectedness among nation states and local economies and cultures. The fact that English has
become the primary language for communication within international organizations such as the United
Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union is an example of such globalization. However,
globalization has contributed as much to the “idea” of English as it has to its actual role in
communication. In other words, in many parts of the world, English represents an image in popular
imagination, established through the media, advertising and so on, rather than a practical necessity or
reality for many people.
 
Scholars and educationists differ in their attitudes towards the global spread of English. Some think this
spread is natural, inevitable, neutral and beneficial, and have been accused of English triumphalism. The
British linguist David Crystal suggests that English fosters cultural opportunity and promotes a climate of
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608343
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608394
36) 
international intelligibility. Others see the spread of English as threatening local cultures, languages and
identities. The phrase “linguistic imperialism” was used to explain how English has come to play a key
role in maintaining the economic and political dominance of some societies over others. Because of the
role of English as the dominant international language, the theory of linguistic imperialism asserts that
other languages have been prevented from going through processes of development and expansion, and
have been allocated a secondary status, along with the cultures they represent. Proponents of the theory
of linguistic imperialism view the English language teaching industry as contributing to the propagation of
the economic, cultural or religious values of dominant world powers.
 
Idem. Ibidem (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
 
The subject of the verbal form “is”, in the fragment “is an example of such globalization”, is “English”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608407
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The spread of English is often linked to globalization, since it provides for high levels of
interconnectedness among nation states and local economies and cultures. The fact that English has
become the primary language for communication within international organizations such as the United
Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union is an example of such globalization. However,
globalization has contributed as much to the “idea” of English as it has to its actual role in
communication. In other words, in many parts of the world, English represents an image in popular
imagination, established through the media, advertising and so on, rather than a practical necessity or
reality for many people.
 
Scholars and educationists differ in their attitudes towards the global spread of English. Some think this
spread is natural, inevitable, neutral and beneficial, and have been accused of English triumphalism. The
British linguist David Crystal suggests that English fosters cultural opportunity and promotes a climate of
international intelligibility. Others see the spread of English as threatening local cultures, languages and
identities. The phrase “linguistic imperialism” was used to explain how English has come to play a key
role in maintaining the economic and political dominance of some societies over others. Because of the
role of English as the dominant international language, the theory of linguisticimperialism asserts that
other languages have been prevented from going through processes of development and expansion, and
have been allocated a secondary status, along with the cultures they represent. Proponents of the theory
of linguistic imperialism view the English language teaching industry as contributing to the propagation of
the economic, cultural or religious values of dominant world powers.
 
Idem. Ibidem (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
 
In the passage “The British linguist David Crystal suggests that English fosters cultural opportunity”, the
word “that” can be omitted without this making the sentence grammatically incorrect.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608407
37) 
38) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608668
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Motivation is typically defined as the forces that help explain the stimulation, selection, direction, and
continuation of behaviour. Nevertheless, many teachers have at least two major mistaken ideas about
motivation that prevent them from using this concept with maximum effectiveness. One misconception is
that some students are unmotivated. Strictly speaking, that is not an accurate statement. As long as a
student chooses goals and expends a certain amount of effort to achieve them, he is, by definition,
motivated. What teachers really mean is that students are not motivated to behave in the way teachers
would like them to behave. The second misconception is that one person can directly motivate another.
 
This view is inaccurate because motivation comes from within a person. What you can do, with the help
of the various motivation theories that teachers have developed, is create the circumstances that
influence students to do what you want them to do.
 
Many factors determine whether the students in your classes will be motivated or not motivated to learn.
You should not be surprised to discover that no single theoretical interpretation of motivation explains all
aspects of student interest or lack of it. Different theoretical interpretations do, however, shed light on
why some students in a given learning situation are more likely to want to learn than others.
 
Furthermore, each theoretical interpretation can serve as the basis for the development of techniques for
motivating students in the classroom.
 
Internet: <https//college.cengage.com> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the ideas of the previous text and its linguistic aspects.
 
The deletion of “do” in “Different theoretical interpretations do, however, shed light” would not change
the meaning of the fragment.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608683
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku — literally translated as “forest bathing” — is based on a
simple premise: immerse yourself in the forest, absorb its sights, sounds, and smells, and you will reap
numerous psychological and physiological benefits. The Forest Agency of Japan launched a campaign to
introduce the activity in 1982, and, since then, its popularization there has been matched by a stream of
supporting research concerning the role that nature can play in human health. Studies have shown that
regular exposure to forest environments can lower blood pressure and anxiety, reduce anger, and
strengthen the immune system. The forest-bathing spirit has gained followers in the United States, too:
you can now sign up to join the national Forest Bathing Club (whose registration form includes a field for
“spirit animal”), or apply to become a certified forest-therapy guide. Or you can simply go to a local
greenspace, disconnect, and listen to the trees.
 
Internet: <www.newyorker.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following item.
 
The verb phrase “has been matched” is an example of a passive voice construction.
Certo
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608668
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608683
39) 
40) 
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608690
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku — literally translated as “forest bathing” — is based on a
simple premise: immerse yourself in the forest, absorb its sights, sounds, and smells, and you will reap
numerous psychological and physiological benefits. The Forest Agency of Japan launched a campaign to
introduce the activity in 1982, and, since then, its popularization there has been matched by a stream of
supporting research concerning the role that nature can play in human health. Studies have shown that
regular exposure to forest environments can lower blood pressure and anxiety, reduce anger, and
strengthen the immune system. The forest-bathing spirit has gained followers in the United States, too:
you can now sign up to join the national Forest Bathing Club (whose registration form includes a field for
“spirit animal”), or apply to become a certified forest-therapy guide. Or you can simply go to a local
greenspace, disconnect, and listen to the trees.
 
Internet: <www.newyorker.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following item.
 
In the sentence “Studies have shown that regular (…) and strengthen the immune system”, the verb
“have” could be omitted and the sentence would still be grammatically acceptable.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608702
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
 
Internet: <http://tvtropes.org>.
 
Based on the cartoon and the vocabulary and language used in it, judge the item below.
 
The sentence on the first balloon is an example of informal spoken language.
Certo
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608690
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608702
41) 
42) 
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608705
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
 
Internet: <http://tvtropes.org>.
 
Based on the cartoon and the vocabulary and language used in it, judge the item below.
 
The three verbs in the second square — “watch”, “put” and “push” — are in the imperative form.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608713
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
A man in Britain has ruptured his throat by suppressing a particularly forceful sneeze.
 
This behavior, doctors warn, could damage your ears or even burst a brain aneurysm.
 
The 34-year-old man turned up at an emergency department after pinching his nose and closing his
mouth to stop his sneezing. He felt a pop as the sneeze ripped through his throat and made his soft
tissue swell. His throat began to hurt when he swallowed, and his voice changed.
 
The rupture was so serious that doctors kept the man in hospital for a week. He was fed by a tube
through his nose and treated with antibiotics in case of infection in the chest cavity. He made a full
recovery.
 
A ruptured throat is an extremely rare consequence of stifling a sneeze. Holding back a sneeze can cause
ear damage and, in some cases, even the rupture of a brain aneurysm.
 
While incredibly unlikely, this side effect could be deadly.
 
Halting a sneeze via blocking nostrils and mouth is a dangerous maneuver and should be avoided, as it
may lead to numerous complications.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608705
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608713
43) 
44) 
 
Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
 
In the phrase “34-year-old man”, the noun “year” is in the singular becauseit is part of an adjective.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608742
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEDUC AL)/SEDUC AL/Inglês/2018
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
A man in Britain has ruptured his throat by suppressing a particularly forceful sneeze.
 
This behavior, doctors warn, could damage your ears or even burst a brain aneurysm.
 
The 34-year-old man turned up at an emergency department after pinching his nose and closing his
mouth to stop his sneezing. He felt a pop as the sneeze ripped through his throat and made his soft
tissue swell. His throat began to hurt when he swallowed, and his voice changed.
 
The rupture was so serious that doctors kept the man in hospital for a week. He was fed by a tube
through his nose and treated with antibiotics in case of infection in the chest cavity. He made a full
recovery.
 
A ruptured throat is an extremely rare consequence of stifling a sneeze. Holding back a sneeze can cause
ear damage and, in some cases, even the rupture of a brain aneurysm.
 
While incredibly unlikely, this side effect could be deadly.
 
Halting a sneeze via blocking nostrils and mouth is a dangerous maneuver and should be avoided, as it
may lead to numerous complications.
 
Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.
 
There are two modal verbs in the last sentence of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463286
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
When Harold Palmer (1877 – 1949) first began as a teacher of English as a foreign language in 1902 at a
language school in Verviers, Belgium run on Berlitz lines, the main attraction of the job was that it
allowed him to live abroad in a French-speaking country. In all likelihood he would eventually come back
home in a few years and “settle down”, like many others before and since. Palmer, however, stayed on,
opened his own school, and began to think seriously about the work he was doing and how it could be
improved. When he died forty-seven years later, English language teaching was well on its way to a
professionhood which he, more than any other single individual, had helped to bring about.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1608742
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463286
45) 
46) 
 
A. P. R. Howatt and H. G. Widdowson. A history of English language
teaching. 2 nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 264 (adapted).
 
Judge the following item, concerning the ideas and linguistic aspects of text.
 
The prepositional phrase “at a language school in Verviers, Belgium” functions as an adverb.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463287
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
When Harold Palmer (1877 – 1949) first began as a teacher of English as a foreign language in 1902 at a
language school in Verviers, Belgium run on Berlitz lines, the main attraction of the job was that it
allowed him to live abroad in a French-speaking country. In all likelihood he would eventually come back
home in a few years and “settle down”, like many others before and since. Palmer, however, stayed on,
opened his own school, and began to think seriously about the work he was doing and how it could be
improved. When he died forty-seven years later, English language teaching was well on its way to a
professionhood which he, more than any other single individual, had helped to bring about.
 
A. P. R. Howatt and H. G. Widdowson. A history of English language
teaching. 2 nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 264 (adapted).
 
Judge the following item, concerning the ideas and linguistic aspects of text.
 
As in the phrase “a language school in Verviers, Belgium run on Berlitz lines”, the relative pronoun and
the auxiliary verb which forms the passive voice have been omitted, the excerpt “run on Berlitz lines”
could be correctly replaced with which was run on Berlitz lines.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463292
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
When Harold Palmer (1877 – 1949) first began as a teacher of English as a foreign language in 1902 at a
language school in Verviers, Belgium run on Berlitz lines, the main attraction of the job was that it
allowed him to live abroad in a French-speaking country. In all likelihood he would eventually come back
home in a few years and “settle down”, like many others before and since. Palmer, however, stayed on,
opened his own school, and began to think seriously about the work he was doing and how it could be
improved. When he died forty-seven years later, English language teaching was well on its way to a
professionhood which he, more than any other single individual, had helped to bring about.
 
A. P. R. Howatt and H. G. Widdowson. A history of English language
teaching. 2 nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 264 (adapted).
 
Judge the following item, on the linguistic aspects of text.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463287
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463292
47) 
48) 
 
The verbal phrase “allowed him to live abroad” can be correctly replaced by allowed him living
abroad.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463301
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
The transfer of patterns from the native language is undoubtedly one of the major sources of errors in
learner language. However, there are other causes for errors too, one of which is overgeneralization of
target-language rules. For example, research has shown that second-language learners from different
first-language backgrounds often make the same kinds of errors when learning a particular second
language. In such cases, second-language errors are evidence of the learners’ efforts to discover the
structure of the target language itself rather than attempts to transfer patterns from their first language.
Interestingly, some of these errors are remarkably similar to the kinds of errors made by first language
learners.
 
These observations are a strong indication that second language learning is not simply a process of
putting second-language words into first-language sentences. Research has also shown that aspects of
the second language which are different from the first language will not necessarily be acquired later or
with more difficulty than those aspects which are similar.
 
On the other hand, when errors are caused by the overextension of some partial similarity between the
first and second languages, these errors may be difficult to overcome. This may be particularly
problematic if learners are frequently in contact with other learners who make the same errors.
 
Lightbown, P. & Spada, N. How languages are learned.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 165 (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to text.
 
The sentence “However, there are other causes for errors too, one of which is overgeneralization of
target-language rules” would remain correct if “which” were replaced with them in the clause “one of
which is overgeneralization”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463303
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
As the innovative methods of the 1970s were being touted by some and criticized by many, some
significant foundations for future growth were being laid in what soon came to be known as the Notional-
Functional Syllabus (NFS). The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as
the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in
which sequenced grammatical structures served as the organizers.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463301
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463303
49)50) 
“Notions”, according to Van Ek and Alexander (1975), are both general and specific. General notions are
abstract concepts such as existence, space, time, quantity, and quality. They are domains in which we
use language to express thought and feeling. Within the general notion of space and time, for example,
are the concepts of location, motion, dimension, speed, length of time, frequency, etc. “Specific notions”
correspond more closely to what we have become used to calling “contexts”, or “situations”. Personal
identification, for example, is a specific notion under which name, address, phone number, and other
personal information are subsumed. Other specific notions include travel, health and welfare, education,
shopping, services, and free time.
 
H. Douglas Brown. Teaching by Principles, São Francisco:
Pearson Longman, 2007, p. 32-3. 3rd ed. (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to text.
 
It is correct to replace “calling” with call in the phrase “used to calling”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463305
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
As the innovative methods of the 1970s were being touted by some and criticized by many, some
significant foundations for future growth were being laid in what soon came to be known as the Notional-
Functional Syllabus (NFS). The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as
the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in
which sequenced grammatical structures served as the organizers.
 
“Notions”, according to Van Ek and Alexander (1975), are both general and specific. General notions are
abstract concepts such as existence, space, time, quantity, and quality. They are domains in which we
use language to express thought and feeling. Within the general notion of space and time, for example,
are the concepts of location, motion, dimension, speed, length of time, frequency, etc. “Specific notions”
correspond more closely to what we have become used to calling “contexts”, or “situations”. Personal
identification, for example, is a specific notion under which name, address, phone number, and other
personal information are subsumed. Other specific notions include travel, health and welfare, education,
shopping, services, and free time.
 
H. Douglas Brown. Teaching by Principles, São Francisco:
Pearson Longman, 2007, p. 32-3. 3rd ed. (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to text.
 
In the first paragraph, “As” is a conjunction used to convey time.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463306
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PEB (SEDF)/SEDF/LEM - Inglês/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463305
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/463306
51) 
As the innovative methods of the 1970s were being touted by some and criticized by many, some
significant foundations for future growth were being laid in what soon came to be known as the Notional-
Functional Syllabus (NFS). The distinguishing characteristics of the NFS were its attention to functions as
the organizing elements of English language curriculum, and its contrast with a structural syllabus in
which sequenced grammatical structures served as the organizers.
 
“Notions”, according to Van Ek and Alexander (1975), are both general and specific. General notions are
abstract concepts such as existence, space, time, quantity, and quality. They are domains in which we
use language to express thought and feeling. Within the general notion of space and time, for example,
are the concepts of location, motion, dimension, speed, length of time, frequency, etc. “Specific notions”
correspond more closely to what we have become used to calling “contexts”, or “situations”. Personal
identification, for example, is a specific notion under which name, address, phone number, and other
personal information are subsumed. Other specific notions include travel, health and welfare, education,
shopping, services, and free time.
 
H. Douglas Brown. Teaching by Principles, São Francisco:
Pearson Longman, 2007, p. 32-3. 3rd ed. (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to text.
 
In the first paragraph, both “innovative” and “characteristics” are pronounced with the primary stress on
the first syllable.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/531000
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin,
espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when
I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually
given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from
diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or
another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
 
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For
centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office
in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male
meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way.
But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading
the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
 
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy.
London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, decide whether the following items are right
or wrong.
 
The excerpt “that you get from diplomats” could be correctly replaced by which one gets from
diplomats without this changing the meaning of the text.
 
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/531000
52) 
53) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/551425
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Sold (CBM AL)/CBM AL/Combatente/2017
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Learning a second language as an adult is difficult. But the process may be eased if you exercise
while learning. A new study reports that working out during a language class amplifies people’s ability to
memorize, retain and understand new vocabulary. The findings provide more evidence that to activate
our minds, we should move our bodies.
 
Many scientists suspect that exercise alters the biology of the brain in ways that make it more malleable
and receptive to new information, a process that scientists refer to as plasticity.
 
However, these studies do not suggest that schools or teachers should buy bicycles for students to
exercise during class. A simpler message may be that instruction should be alternated with physical
activity. Sitting for hours and hours without moving is not the best way to learn.
 
Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
In the context, the word “However” expresses the idea of contrast.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/390414
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Aux Tec CE (TCE-PA)/TCE PA/Informática/2016
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Microsoft Excel 2010 supports the use of an XML-based file format called the Microsoft Office Open
XML format. This file format carries the filename extension .xlsx for Excel workbooks and .xlsm for
macro-enabled workbooks. The XML-based file format — introduced in Excel 2007 — is more efficient,
resulting in smaller file sizes and offering superior integration with external data sources. Excel 2010
automatically saves any new workbook you create with the .xlsx extension unless you choose to save the
file in a different format.
Fortunately, Excel2010 has no trouble opening any workbook files saved in the .xls file format used by
Excel versions 97 through 2003. More importantly, the program automatically saves all editing changes
you make to these files in this original file format, and warns you if you add a new Excel 2010 or 2007
element to the existing workbook that’s not supported by earlier versions.
Internet: <www.dummies.com> (adapted.
On the ideas of the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the next item.
 
In “unless” can be correctly replaced by except if.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/390416
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Aux Tec CE (TCE-PA)/TCE PA/Informática/2016
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/551425
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/390414
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/390416
54) 
55) 
Microsoft Excel 2010 supports the use of an XML-based file format called the Microsoft Office Open
XML format. This file format carries the filename extension .xlsx for Excel workbooks and .xlsm for
macro-enabled workbooks. The XML-based file format — introduced in Excel 2007 — is more efficient,
resulting in smaller file sizes and offering superior integration with external data sources. Excel 2010
automatically saves any new workbook you create with the .xlsx extension unless you choose to save the
file in a different format.
Fortunately, Excel 2010 has no trouble opening any workbook files saved in the .xls file format used by
Excel versions 97 through 2003. More importantly, the program automatically saves all editing changes
you make to these files in this original file format, and warns you if you add a new Excel 2010 or 2007
element to the existing workbook that’s not supported by earlier versions.
Internet: <www.dummies.com> (adapted.
On the ideas of the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the next item.
 
Replacing “earlier” by older changes the meaning of the last sentence of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/422739
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2016
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
On a visit to Beirut during the terrible civil war of 1975-1976 a French journalist wrote regretfully of
the gutted downtown area that “it had once seemed to belong to the Orient of Chateaubriand and
Nerval”. He was right about the place, of course, especially so far as a European was concerned. The
Orient was almost a European invention, and had been since antiquity a place of romance, exotic beings,
haunting memories and landscapes, remarkable experiences. Now it was disappearing; in a sense it had
happened, its time was over.
 
Americans will not feel quite the same about the Orient, which for them is much more likely to be
associated very differently with the Far East (China and Japan, mainly). Unlike the Americans, the French
and the British — less so the Germans, Russians, Spanish, Portuguese, Italians, and Swiss — have had a
long tradition of what I shall be calling Orientalism, a way of coming to terms with the Orient that is
based on the Orient’s special place in European Western experience. The Orient is not only adjacent to
Europe; it is also the place of Europe’s greatest and richest and oldest colonies, the source of its
civilizations and languages, its cultural contestant, and one of its deepest and most recurring images of
the Other. In addition, the Orient has helped to define Europe (or the West) as its contrasting image,
idea, personality, experience. The Orient is an integral part of European material civilization and culture.
Orientalism expresses and represents that part culturally and even ideologically as a mode of discourse
with supporting institutions, vocabulary, scholarship, imagery, doctrines, even colonial bureaucracies and
colonial styles. In contrast, the American understanding of the Orient will seem considerably less dense.
 
To speak of Orientalism therefore is to speak mainly, although not exclusively, of a British and French
cultural enterprise, a project whose dimensions take in such disparate realms as the imagination itself,
the whole of India and the Levant, the spice trade, colonial armies and a long tradition of colonial
administrators, a formidable scholarly corpus, innumerable Oriental “experts” and “hands”, an Oriental
professorate, many Eastern sects, philosophies, and wisdoms domesticated for local European use — the
list can be extended more or less indefinitely. From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the end
of World War II, France and Britain dominated the Orient and Orientalism; since World War II America
has dominated the Orient, and approaches it as France and Britain once did. Out of that closeness,
whose dynamic is enormously productive even if it always demonstrates the comparatively greater
strength of the Occident (British, French, or American), comes the large body of texts I call Orientalist.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/422739
56) 
E. W. Said. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon, 1978, p. 1-4 (adapted.).
 
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, decide whether the following items are right
or wrong .
 
The word “Orientalist” could be correctly replaced by Orientalists.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/422761
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2016
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
 
Pierre Englebert’s attempt to measure all of Africa using the yardstick of a single historical factor is highly
problematic. In this regard, Englebert’s book suffers from four tendencies, the first two of which involve a
dominant mode in current writing about Africa, and the third and fourth of which reflect the constraints
of academic publishing, particularly in the United States of America. Current writing about Africa is
characterised, firstly, by a remarkable tendency to generalise about the entire continent, which no author
specialising in Asia, for example, would dare contemplate. This usually involves the extrapolation of a
single empirical situation to the entire continent. In Englebert’s case, this clearly relates to his experience
in the eastern Congo, which is made to serve as an example for all of sub-Saharan Africa. This tendency
is associated, secondly, with an intensive search for a single factor that would explain the plight of Africa,
a conceptual master key that can unlock the puzzle of the “African exception”. Englebert’s book is a
typical example of this tendency to substitute historical explanations with a philosophy of history. He is
not concerned with the identification of contingent factors which, through their myriad combinations and
mutual (correlated) causal processes, have led to the emergence of the current complex situation on the
African continent. Instead, he claims that the entire situation arose from a single historical moment —
that of decolonisation — and evolved by necessity from this, and that this historical moment gave birth to
a structure of post-coloniality, from which African states are fundamentally incapable of liberating
themselves (while non-African post-colonies apparently are capable). Here, the argument becomes
outright theological: The sovereignty accorded by outside actors represents the “original sin” of African
statehood. As a consequence, and keeping in line with this theological mode of thinking, post-colonial
Africa can be saved only by others.
 
T. Bierschenk. Book Review — Pierre Englebert (2009), Africa: unity, sovereignty, and sorrow. Internet:
<http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de> (adapted.).
 
Decide whether the following statements, concerning the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, are
right or wrong.
 
If “yardstick” is replaced by criterion in the text, it would be necessary to change the preposition
following it — “of” — in order to maintain grammatical accuracy.
 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/284248
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AUFC (TCU)/TCU/Controle Externo/Auditoria de Tecnologia
da Informação/2015
Língua Inglesa(Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/422761
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/284248
57) 
58) 
Environmental 1 auditing is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects
of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards. The relevance of this tool is
growing because organisations of all kinds now recognise the importance of environmental matters and
accept that their environmental performance will be scrutinised by a wide range of interested parties.
These parties will use environmental auditing to investigate, understand and identify actions which help
improve existing human activities, with the aim of reducing their adverse effects on the environment. An
environmental auditor is the professional who will, on behalf of these parties, study an organisation’s
environmental effects in a systematic and documented manner and will produce an environmental audit
report based on the data provided. There are many reasons for undertaking an environmental audit,
which include issues such as environmental legislation and pressure from customers.
 
As a matter of definition, the term “audit” has its origins in the financial sector. Auditing, in general, is a
methodical examination of procedures and practices aimed at verifying whether they comply with legal
requirements, internal policies and accepted practices. The expression “environmental auditing” is often
used as a generic term covering a variety ofmanagement practices used to evaluate a company’s
environmental performance. Strictly, it refers to checking systems and procedures against standards or
regulations, as said before, but it is often used to cover the gathering and evaluation of any data with
environmental relevance.
 
Considering the terminology used in the area, environmental auditing should not be confused with
environmental impact assessment, although both are environmental management tools and the
difference between them has become blurred. The former is carried out when a development is already
in place, and is used to check on existing practices, assessing the environmental effects of current
activities. It is correct to say that it provides a “snap-shot” of looking at what is happening at that point
in time in an organisation. The latter is an anticipatory tool, that is, it takes place before an action is
carried out. It is therefore an attempt to predict the impact on the environment of a future action, and to
provide this information to those who make the decision on whether the project should be authorised.
Internet: <www.soas.ac.uk> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the following item.
In the excerpt “it takes place before an action is carried out”, the pronoun “it” refers to “anticipatory
tool”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/294630
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2015
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text for question.
He — for there could be no doubt of his sex, though the fashion of the time did something to disguise it
— was in the act of slicing at the head of an enemy which swung from the rafters. It was the colour of
an old football, and more or less the shape of one, save for the sunken cheeks and a strand or two of
coarse, dry hair, like the hair on a coconut. Orlando’s father, or perhaps his grandfather, had struck it
from the shoulders of a vast Pagan who had started up under the moon in the barbarian fields of Africa;
and now it swung, gently, perpetually, in the breeze which never ceased blowing through the attic rooms
of the gigantic house of the lord who had slain him.
Orlando’s fathers had ridden in fields of asphodel, and stony fields, and fields watered by strange rivers,
and they had struck many heads of many colours off many shoulders, and brought them back to hang
from the rafters. So too would Orlando, he vowed. But since he was sixteen only, and too young to ride
with them in Africa or France, he would steal away from his mother and the peacocks in the garden and
go to his attic room and there lunge and plunge and slice the air with his blade. (…) His fathers had been
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/294630
59) 
noble since they had been at all. They came out of the northern mists wearing coronets on their heads.
Were not the bars of darkness in the room, and the yellow pools which chequered the floor, made by the
sun falling through the stained glass of a vast coat of arms in the window? Orlando stood now in the
midst of the yellow body of a heraldic leopard. When he put his hand on the window-sill to push the
window open, it was instantly coloured red, blue, and yellow like a butterfly’s wing. Thus, those who like
symbols, and have a turn for the deciphering of them, might observe that though the shapely legs, the
handsome body, and the well-set shoulders were all of them decorated with various tints of heraldic light,
Orlando’s face, as he threw the window open, was lit solely by the sun itself. A more candid, sullen face it
would be impossible to find. Happy the mother who bears, happier still the biographer who records the
life of such a one! Never need she vex herself, nor he invokes the help of novelist or poet. From deed to
deed, from glory to glory, from office to office he must go, his scribe following after, till they reach
whatever seat it may be that is the height of their desire. Orlando, to look at, was cut out precisely for
some such career. The red of the cheeks was covered with peach down; the down on the lips was only a
little thicker than the down on the cheeks. The lips themselves were short and slightly drawn back over
teeth of an exquisite and almond whiteness. Nothing disturbed the arrowy nose in its short, tense flight;
the hair was dark, the ears small, and fitted closely to the head. But, alas, that these catalogues of
youthful beauty cannot end without mentioning forehead and eyes. Alas, that people are seldom born
devoid of all three; for directly we glance at Orlando standing by the window, we must admit that he had
eyes like drenched violets, so large that the water seemed to have brimmed in them and widened them;
and a brow like the swelling of a marble dome pressed between the two blank medallions which were his
temples. Directly we glance at eyes and forehead, thus do we rhapsodize. Directly we glance at eyes and
forehead, we have to admit a thousand disagreeables which it is the aim of every good biographer to
ignore.
 
Virginia Woolf. Orlando – A biography, 1928 (adapted).
 
In reference to the content of the text, its vocabulary and syntactic structure, decide whether the
following statement are right (C) or wrong (E).
 
In lines 2, 3 and 4, although with different syntactic functions, the word it refers to the same thing: “the
head of an enemy which swung from the rafters”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/308619
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AJ STJ/STJ/Apoio Especializado/Suporte em Tecnologia da
Informação/2015
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The business world has indeed left the legal world behind when it comes to using technology. Often,
the reason businesses have moved to using technology is that it is more cost effective to share and store
information digitally. That is also why the courts should do the same.
 
The Internet now provides a wide range of legal information, and the benefit of information being
provided in this way is that it can be kept up-to-date as the law changes. Not only can the Internet assist
in legal research, but it can also assist in court processes generally, that is, in trial preparation and in the
courtroom throughout the hearing.
Allison Stanfield. Cyber courts: using the Internet to assist court processes. Internet: <www7.scu.edu.au>
(adapted).
 
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
In the first paragraph, the word “it” refers to “technology” both in “when it comes” and in “it is more”.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/308619
60) 
61) 
CertoErrado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/316249
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Insp CEx (TCE-RN)/TCE RN/Tecnologia da Informação/2015
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Managers of information technology departments, also known as IT-managers, are responsible for
the overall performance of the electronic networks that allow a business to function. The exact scope of
these responsibilities varies from one setting to another. However, at the core of the IT-manager job
description is the care of the in-house network. This often means that the IT-manager is involved in the
selection of hardware and software used in the network. For example, an IT-manager would likely be
involved in any discussions about updating the internal servers and computer workstations. There is a
good chance that (s)he would also work with other staff members in the selection of software, such as
accounting programs or some type of sales and customer database.
 
Along with helping to establish the overall structure of the network, an IT-manager would also oversee
processes that would seek to identify any potential glitches in any programming that could cause some
sort of system failure.
Internet: <http://www.wisegeek.com> (adapted).
 
In the text about IT-managers, the word “could” can be replaced by can without any change inthe
meaning of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1290396
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ATSNS (MEC)/MEC/Desenvolvedor/2015
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
They are in there, often unnoticed. The words that have become part of everyday English: Nirvana,
pyjamas, shampoo and shawl; bungalow, jungle, and loot.
 
One landmark book records the etymology of colloquial Anglo-Indian words and phrases. Compiled by
two India enthusiasts, Henry Yule and Arthur C Burnell, ‘Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of
British India’ was published in 1886.
 
The editor of its contemporary edition — which has just been published in paperback — explains how
many of the words pre-date British rule. “Ginger, pepper and indigo entered English via ancient routes:
they reflect the early Greek and Roman trade with India and come through Greek and Latin into English,”
says Kate Teltscher.
 
India’s influence on English points towards how language is perpetually in motion, and highlights the
importance of former colonies in the making of the modern world. “It’s so fascinating to look at words,”
says Teltscher. “It opens up these unexpected rhythms and paths of travel, and
extraordinary, unlikely connections.”
 
How India changed English. Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text How India changed English, judge the following item.
 
In the excerpt “‘Hobson-Jobson: The Definitive Glossary of British India’ was published in 1886”, “was
published” can be correctly replaced by has been published.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/316249
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1290396
62) 
63) 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/249867
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERSTA (ANTAQ)/ANTAQ/Qualquer Área de Formação/2014
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
The Maritime Union of Australia (MUA) says a $125,000 fine given to a Chinese shipping company
trying to take a short-cut across the Great Barrier Reef highlights the need for ongoing vigilance of the
shipping industry.
 
The captain and first officer of the 291m bulk carrier MV Bulk Ingenuity, owned by Grand China
International Ship Management, were charged after the ship set a course to sail through the
environmentally sensitive Flinders Pass on its way to Abbot Point, near Bowen, in Queensland.
The Townsville Bulletin reported that the ship was detected by the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait
Vehicle Traffic Service on July 21 and that initial attempts at contact were unsuccessful. Australian
Federal Police and personnel from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Australian Maritime
Safety Authority searched the ship later that day.
Captain Huaien Xu and his First Officer Lu Zhang — both Chinese nationals — were charged under the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 on Monday. They subsequently entered guilty pleas in Townsville
Magistrates Court and were fined a total of $125,000.
MUA National Secretary Paddy Crumlin said pressure from unscrupulous shipowners meant corners would
often be cut by crews who had little choice but to follow orders. Unscrupulous foreign shipowners threat
to Great Barrier.
 
Internet: < http://worldmaritimenews.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text, judge the following item.
 
The word “personnel” refers to the Australian Federal Police.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/251726
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AL (CAM DEP)/CAM DEP/Área VIII/Consultor
Legislativo/2014
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
A compelling case can be made for mandatory audit rotation that auditors who keep the same client
for too long get excessively cosy with its management. As somebody has put it, “When the same
incumbent firm has been in place for 100 years, to me that’s not an audit, that’s a joint venture.”
 
Most academic studies have either found no link between the length of a relationship and its quality, or
determined that longer tenures yield better results, because the accountants have time to master the
intricacies of clients’ businesses. Obliging companies to solicit bids at regular intervals, as Britain does,
has shaken up the business: HSBC said in August that it will drop KPMG in favour of PwC; on December
2nd Unilever announced that it is making the opposite switch. Indeed, the big accounting firms argue
that forced rotation would reduce competition by preventing the incumbent from bidding.
Proponents counter that the accounting giants, and academics whose research is often financed by them,
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/249867
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/251726
64) 
65) 
have good reason to resist change. Among the reform’s strongest supporters are smaller firms that hope
to break the Big Four’s stranglehold.
Yet even the most vocal advocates of mandatory rotation concede that it is no magic bullet. Auditors
have a conflict of interest at the heart of their business — they are paid by the companies they are
supposed to assess objectively. Unless that changes, there will be no substitute for investors doing their
own due diligence.
 
Idem (adapted).
Judge the following item, according to the text above.
 
In “to me that’s not an audit, that’s a joint venture”, the word “that” refers to the situation mentioned
before, that is, the same auditing firm being responsible for a client for too long a period of time.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/320875
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - TJ (TJ SE)/TJ SE/Administrativa/Programação de
Sistemas/2014
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
An information security assessment is the process of determining how effectively an entity being
assessed (e.g., host, system, network, procedure, person — known as the assessment object) meets
specific security objectives. Three types of assessment methods can be used to accomplish this —
testing, examination, and interviewing. Testing is the process of exercising one or more assessment
objects under specified conditions to compare actual and expected behaviors. Examination is the process
of checking, inspecting, reviewing, observing, studying, or analyzing one or more assessment objects to
facilitate understanding, achieve clarification, or obtain evidence. Interviewing is the process of
conducting discussions with individuals or groups within an organization to facilitate understanding,
achieve clarification, or identify the location of evidence. Assessment results are used to support the
determination of security control effectiveness over time.
Technical guide to information security testing and assessment. Internet: <http://csrc.nist.gov> (adapted).
 
Based on the above text, judge the following item.
 
In the text, “used to” could be correctlyreplaced by accustomed, without changing the meaning of the
text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124136
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2013
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to question.
Taking a Cue From Bernanke a Little Too Far
Financial advisers have been fielding calls from shaken investors in recent weeks, particularly retirees,
who are nervous that a bond market crash is on the horizon.
You can hardly blame them. Investors have been fleeing bonds in droves; a record $ 76.5 billion poured
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/320875
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124136
out of bond funds and exchange-traded funds since June. That exceeds the previous record, according to
TrimTabs, when $ 41.8 billion streamed out of the funds in October 2008 and the financial crisis was in
full force.
But the rush for the exits really means one thing: investors are betting that interest rates are about to
begin their upward trajectory, something that’s been expected for several years now.
Their cue came from the Federal Reserve chairman, Ben Bernanke, who recently suggested that the
economic recovery might allow the central bank to ease its efforts to stimulate the economy. That
includes scaling back its bondbuying program beginning later this year.
So the big fear is that interest rates are poised to rise much further, driving down bond prices; the two
move in opposite directions.
A Barclays index tracking a broad swath of investment-grade bonds lost 3.77 percent from the beginning
of May through Thursday, according to Morningstar. United States government notes with maturities of
10 years or longer, however, lost an average of 10.8 percent over the same period.
Making a bet on interest rates is no different from trying to predict the next big drop in stocks, or
jumping into the market when it appears to be poised to surge higher. These sort of emotional moves are
exactly why research shows that investors’ returns tend to trail the broader market.
And it’s also why many financial advisers suggest ignoring the noise, as long as you have a smart
assortment of bond funds that will provide stability when stocks inevitably tumble once again.
“It’s a futile game to base portfolio moves on interest rate guesses,” said Milo Benningfield, a financial
adviser in San Francisco. “We don’t have to look any further than highly regarded Pimco manager Bill
Gross, whose horrible interest rate bet against Treasuries in 2011 landed him in the bottom 15 percent of
fund managers in his category that year. Investors should take a strategic approach designed around the
reason they hold bonds — and then sit tight whenever hedge funds and other institutions shake the
ground around them.”
The main reason longer-term investors hold bonds, of course, is to provide a steadying force. And though
today’s lower yields provide less of a cushion — the 10-year Treasury is yielding about 2.5 percent —
bonds still remain the best, if imperfect, foil to stocks.
“The role of bonds in a portfolio has always been to be a ballast or a diversifier to equity risk,” said
Francis Kinniry, a principal in the Vanguard Investment Strategy Group. “And that is very true today.
Yields are low, but this is what a bear market in bonds looks like.”
 
Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
Regarding the text, judge if the item below are right (C) or wrong (E).
In the sentence “Their cue came from the Federal Reserve chairman, Ben Bernanke, who recently
suggested that the economic recovery might allow the central bank to ease its efforts to stimulate the
economy.” (l.8-9) the relative pronoun “who” may be replaced by whom in more formal contexts.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/207382
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/III/2013
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/207382
66) 
67) 
According to Jose Antonio Felez, president of the Spanish producer association AEC, the film industry
is suffering on all fronts. Spanish film releases are down 24 percent from last year, with 61 films
compared to last year’s 80 — a far cry from the 230 foreign films released so far this year, as of last
week.
Overall box office earnings are down 13.5 percent at $486 million (360 million euros), with homegrown
films earning $55 million (41 million euros), 7 million euros less than the same period in 2012,
representing an 18 percent drop.
The number of shoots dropped 28.7 percent from 2012 and budgets are shrinking, with more than half of
Spanish films operating on a budget of less than $1.35 million (1 million euros). Even so, 15 films cost
more than $4 million (3 million euros), with eight of those weighing in over $5.4 million (4 million euros).
P. Rolfe. Spanish producers urge government to revamp film
financing model. Internet: <www.hollywoodreporter.com> (adapted).
 
According to the text above, judge the item below.
 
The pronoun “those” refers to “3 million euros”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91633
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANATEL)/ANATEL/2012
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
The key problems of society today are rarely categorized by governments as problems of science and
technology. They are assumed to be socioeconomic and political problems, such as avoiding war, building
the economy, curbing terrorism, fighting poverty and disease, or preserving a healthful environment. We
can predict, however, that it will become clear that all social-economic-political issues intersect and that
issues of technological advance are right in the middle of every intersection, sometimes causing the
problems, more often offering possibilities for their solutions, and frequently providing opportunities for
the world society to rise to new, higher levels of productivity, satisfaction, and happiness.
Of course, trying to predict the future with perfection is not defensible. But if we are active in some field,
we are bound to be aware of important trends in it, and we should take our anticipations of significant
future events seriously. We should force ourselves to list potential developments regularly, estimating for
each the probability of its occurrence and the importance of the event should it occur. Then, for those
happenings we consider both highly probable and significant, we should ask ourselves what we can do
early to enhance the positive and suppress the negative consequences.
At present we see that the impact of advancing technology on the social-economic-political framework of
the entire globe is growing rapidly, yet its implications are far from being adequately explored. Moreover,
the effects of technological change are underestimated as short-range; crisis-dominated problems
monopolize the attention of most of the world’s leaders. A severe mismatch is developing between
accelerating technological advance and lagging social progress.
 
Internet: <www.nap.edu> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the following item.
the expression “At present” is an adverb of place.
Certo
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91633
68) 
69) 
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/123674
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2012
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refer to question.
While on their way, the slaves selected to go to the great House farm would make the dense old woods,
for miles around, reverberate with their wild songs, revealing at once the highest joy and the deepest
sadness. (...) They would sing, as a chorus, to words which to many would seem unmeaning jargon, but
which, nevertheless, were full of meaning to themselves. I have sometimes thought that the mere
hearing of those songs would do more to impress some minds with the horrible character of slavery, than
the reading of whole volumes of philosophy on the subject could do.
I did not, when a slave, understand the deep meaning of those rude and apparently incoherent songs. I
was myselfwithin the circle; so that I neither saw nor heard as those without might see and hear. They
told a tale of woe which was then altogether beyond my feeble comprehension; they were tones loud,
long, and deep; they breathed the prayer and complaint of souls boiling over with the bitterest anguish.
Every tone was a testimony against slavery, and a prayer to God for deliverance from chains. The hearing
of those wild notes always depressed my spirit, and filled me with ineffable sadness. I have frequently
found myself in tears while hearing them. The mere recurrence to those songs, even now, afflicts me;
and while I am writing these lines, an expression of feeling has already found its way down my cheek. To
those songs I trace my first glimmering conception of the dehumanizing character of slavery. I can never
get rid of that conception. Those songs still follow me, to deepen my hatred of slavery, and quicken my
sympathies for my brethren in bonds. If any one wishes to be impressed with the soul-killing effects of
slavery, let him go to Colonel Lloyd’s plantation, and, on allowance-day, place himself in the deep pine
woods, and there let him, in silence, analyze the sounds that shall pass through the chambers of his soul,
and if he is not thus impressed, it will only be because “there is no flesh in his obdurate heart.”
 
Frederick Douglass. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass, an American slave. Charleston (SC):
Forgotten Books, 2008, p. 26-7 (adapted).
Regarding the text, judge if the item below are right (C) or wrong (E).
In “than the reading of whole volumes” (l.4), the omission of the definite article would not interfere with
the grammar correction of the sentence.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/143726
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE ES)/TCE ES/Tecnologia da Informação/2012
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text for item
 
Welcome to Oxford
 
Many periods of English history are impressively documented in Oxford’s streets, houses, colleges and
chapels. Within one square mile alone, the city has more than 900 buildings of architectural or historical
interest. For the visitor this presents a challenge — there is no single building that dominates Oxford, no
famous fortress or huge cathedral that will give you a short-cut view of the city. Even Oxford’s famous
University is spread amidst a tangle of 35 different colleges and halls in various parts of the city centre,
side by side with shops and offices. Nor does Oxford flaunt its treasures; behind department stores lurk
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/123674
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/143726
70) 
71) 
grand Palladian doorways or half-hidden crannies of medieval architecture. The entrance to a college may
me tucked down a narrow alleyway, and even then it is unlikely to be signposted.
 
H. Cory. Advanced writing with English in use: CAE. Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 135 (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text.
 
“Nor” means not either.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/143727
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE ES)/TCE ES/Tecnologia da Informação/2012
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text for item
 
Welcome to Oxford
 
Many periods of English history are impressively documented in Oxford’s streets, houses, colleges and
chapels. Within one square mile alone, the city has more than 900 buildings of architectural or historical
interest. For the visitor this presents a challenge — there is no single building that dominates Oxford, no
famous fortress or huge cathedral that will give you a short-cut view of the city. Even Oxford’s famous
University is spread amidst a tangle of 35 different colleges and halls in various parts of the city centre,
side by side with shops and offices. Nor does Oxford flaunt its treasures; behind department stores lurk
grand Palladian doorways or half-hidden crannies of medieval architecture. The entrance to a college may
me tucked down a narrow alleyway, and even then it is unlikely to be signposted.
 
H. Cory. Advanced writing with English in use: CAE. Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 135 (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text.
 
The relative pronoun “that” can be correctly replaced by whose.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124568
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2011
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to question.
Nobel was an ardent advocate of arbitration, though not of disarmament, which he thought a foolish
demand for the present. He urged establishment of a tribunal and agreement among nations for a one-
year period of compulsory truce in any dispute. He turned up in person, though incognito, at a Peace
Congress in Bern in 1892 and told Bertha von Suttner that if she could “inform me, convince me, I will do
something great for the cause”. The spark of friendship between them had been kept alive in
correspondence and an occasional visit over the years and he now wrote her that a new era of violence
seemed to be working itself up: “one hears in the distance its hollow rumble already.” Two months later
he wrote again, “I should like to dispose of my fortune to found a prize to be awarded every five years”
to the person who had contributed most effectively to the peace of Europe. He thought that it should
terminate after six awards, “for if in thirty years society cannot be reformed we shall inevitably lapse into
barbarism”. Nobel brooded over the plan, embodied it in a will drawn in 1895 which allowed man a little
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/143727
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124568
72) 
73) 
longer deadline, and died the following year.
 
Barbara Tuchman. The proud power. MacMillan Company, 1966, p. 233 (adapted).
In the text,
the pronoun “it” refers to Nobel’s fortune.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124569
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2011
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to question.
Nobel was an ardent advocate of arbitration, though not of disarmament, which he thought a foolish
demand for the present. He urged establishment of a tribunal and agreement among nations for a one-
year period of compulsory truce in any dispute. He turned up in person, though incognito, at a Peace
Congress in Bern in 1892 and told Bertha von Suttner that if she could “inform me, convince me, I will do
something great for the cause”. The spark of friendship between them had been kept alive in
correspondence and an occasional visit over the years and he now wrote her that a new era of violence
seemed to be working itself up: “one hears in the distance its hollow rumble already.” Two months later
he wrote again, “I should like to dispose of my fortune to found a prize to be awarded every five years”
to the person who had contributed most effectively to the peace of Europe. He thought that it should
terminate after six awards, “for if in thirty years society cannot be reformed we shall inevitably lapse into
barbarism”. Nobel brooded over the plan, embodied it in a will drawn in 1895 which allowed man a little
longer deadline, and died the following year.
 
Barbara Tuchman. The proud power. MacMillan Company, 1966, p. 233 (adapted).
In the text,
the word ‘for’ can be replaced by since with no change in the original meaning of the sentence.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124608
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2011
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to question.
Remembrance of things past is often dearest to those who are bored or driven to despair by the world
around them. To these the contemplation of times gone by brings surcease from current burdens too
heavy to bear. “Take not away from me” implored the Emperor Julian, world-weary monarch in another
age of disenchantment, “this mad love for that which no longer is. That which has been is more
splendidly beautiful than all that is…” To others, concerned as watchers and moverswith the challenge of
today and the promise or menace of tomorrow, the tale of many yesterdays, reconstructed by the history
and the science of living men and women, has another meaning.
By revealing what has gone before, it illumines the act of the human adventure now being played and
suggests the pattern of acts to come. The drama of earthborn and earthbound humanity, despite all its
crises and intermissions, is a continuous story. All the characters are prisoners of time. All the problems
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124569
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/124608
74) 
of the now are forever shaped by the experiences of a then which extends back in unbroken sequence to
the origins of life. Each generation has freedom to choose among alternative designs for destiny, and
opportunity to win some measure of mastery over its fate, only to the extent of its comprehension of
where it stands in the cavalcade of years, decades, centuries, and millennia ticked off by the spinning
planet.
 
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the Western state system. New York: McGraw-
Hill, 1948, p. 1 (adapted).
As far as the semantic and grammar features of the text are concerned, judge if the following item are
right (C) or wrong (E).
The pronoun “it” refers to “another meaning”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/48203
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AUFC (TCU)/TCU/Apoio Técnico e Administrativo/Tecnologia
da Informação/2010
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Information is a cornerstone of political education and socialization. The ability to find out about
issues of public importance, and the capacity to inform oneself about the workings of government and its
policies are examples of how information can be essential to the education of the informed and
responsible citizen. Yet in this era of information overload, the subtle but vital difference between
information and knowledge needs to be drawn in order to create virtual places that promote political
education in the broadest sense. It is not, in fact, information per se which is useful but knowledge,
information which has been distilled and contextualized so that it can impart meaning.
The Internet is the ultimate reference library, chock-full of data supplied by individuals and institutions
from around the world, usually for the free use of all comers. The danger of the Internet is that it
threatens to overwhelm us with so much information that, instead of democratizing and enriching our
political lives, it is actually drowning us in irrelevancies. Internet users know well that the abundance of
informational riches can have a paralytic effect, rendering the viewer helpless to find anything. The huge
quantity of information available creates an inverse relationship between speaking and listening,
between information and understanding. The more people speak, the fewer people will actually be heard.
In fact, the deluge of data ensures that we cannot find anything. It has also the effect of making us even
more dependent than in the days before the flood on unaccountable, commercialized search tools and
information filters to sort information and make it meaningful. Although these editors are machines, they
are not neutral. The values and choices are embedded deep within the code and often not obvious to the
user.
Beth Simone Noveck. Paradoxical partners: electronic communication and electronic democracy. In: Peter
Ferdinand (Ed.). The Internet, democracy, and democratization. London: Frank Cass/Routledge, 2000, p. 23-4
(with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
In line 12, "unaccountable" is the same as innumerable.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/48203
75) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91023
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANATEL)/ANATEL/Tecnologia da Informação/Redes e
Segurança/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.
 
USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named
after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest
commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original
frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so
Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built
in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide
protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary
pirates in the First Barbary War.
Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five
British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because
cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the
Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she
patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing
frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training
ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued
from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement
in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum
ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely
overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.
Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s
earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible
for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812
configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of
Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.
Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
“wooden-hulled” and “three-masted”, related to “USS Constitution”, are examples of modifying
compounds that are often hyphenated when preceding a noun.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91023
76) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91024
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANATEL)/ANATEL/Tecnologia da Informação/Redes e
Segurança/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.
 
USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named
after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest
commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original
frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so
Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built
in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide
protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary
pirates in the First Barbary War.
Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five
British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because
cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the
Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she
patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing
frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training
ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued
from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement
in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum
ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely
overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.
Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s
earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible
for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812
configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of
Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.
Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
In the text, “glanced” can be replaced by bounced without any change in meaning.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91024
77) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91025
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANATEL)/ANATEL/Tecnologia da Informação/Redes e
Segurança/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.
 
USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named
after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest
commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original
frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so
Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built
in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide
protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary
pirates in the First Barbary War.
Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five
British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because
cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the
Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she
patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing
frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training
ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued
from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement
in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum
ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely
overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.
Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s
earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible
for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812
configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of
Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.
Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
“actively serve” means assist at work.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91025
78) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91026
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANATEL)/ANATEL/Tecnologia da Informação/Redes e
Segurança/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
USS Constitution under sail in Massachusetts Bay, 21 July 1997.
 
USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United 1 States Navy. Named
after the Constitution of the United States of America by President George Washington, she is the oldest
commissioned vessel afloat in the world. Constitution, launched in 1797, was one of the six original
frigates authorized for construction by the Naval Act of 1794 to be the Navy’s capital ships, and so
Constitution and her sisters were larger and more heavily armed than the standard run of frigate. Built
in Boston, Massachusetts, her first duty with the newly formed United States Navy was to provide
protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi War with France and to defeat the Barbary
pirates in the First Barbary War.
Her most famous era of naval warfare was the War of 1812 against Great Britain, when she defeated five
British warships. From the battle with Guerriere, she earned the nickname of “Old Ironsides” because
cannon balls glanced off her thick hull. She continued to actively serve the nation as flagship in the
Mediterranean and African squadrons and circled the world in the 1840s. From 1853 to 1855 she
patrolled the coast of Africa searching for illegal slave traders. During the American Civil War, the sailing
frigate gave way to the progress of shipbuilding. For several years “Old Ironsides” was used as a training
ship for the United States Naval Academy. Considered unfit to sea, the USS Constitution was rescued
from destruction when Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem “Old Ironsides” launched a preservation movement
in 1830. Retired from active service in 1881, she served as a receiving ship until designated a museum
ship in 1907, and in 1931 she made a three year 90-port tour of the nation. The frigate was completely
overhauled for its bicentennial in 1997 and it sailed under its own power, drawing international attention.
Now the oldest U.S. warship still in commission, Constitution remains a powerful reminder of the nation’s
earliest steps into dominance of the sea. The Naval Historical Center Detachment of Boston is responsible
for planning and performing her maintenance, repair and restoration, keeping her as close to her 1812
configuration as possible. She is berthed at Pier 1 of the former Charlestown Navy Yard, at one end of
Boston’s Freedom Trail, and she is open to the public year round.
Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
“was used” can be substituted by served, maintaining the same tense.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/91026
79) 
80) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/125768
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
Fundamentalism has one interesting insight. It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanist culture
of the modern era as being itself a kind of new religion — and its deadly enemy. We fail to see this
because we are immersed in it, it dominates more than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so amorphous.
It has no officially recognised scriptures, creeds, prophets or organisation. Rather, it is a loose coalition of
many different forces, kept on the move and in constant self-criticism and self-correction by an active
and striving ethic derived from Protestantism. So far as this new faith — if that is what it is — has
theologians, priests and prophets, they are, respectively, the scientists and scholars whose business it is
to criticise and increase knowledge, the artists whorefine our perceptions and open up new life-
possibilities, and the armies of idealistic campaigners who urge us to become active in hundreds of good
causes.
So seductive and compelling is this new faith that it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its
language and its way of thinking. They are everywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes it like a
religion: once we are in the midst of it and do not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour it has,
we are largely unaware of its awesome, unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power.
 
Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adapted).
Judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item with reference to the text.
The pronoun “its” (l.2) refers to “humanist culture” (l.1).
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/125770
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
Fundamentalism has one interesting insight. It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanist culture
of the modern era as being itself a kind of new religion — and its deadly enemy. We fail to see this
because we are immersed in it, it dominates more than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so amorphous.
It has no officially recognised scriptures, creeds, prophets or organisation. Rather, it is a loose coalition of
many different forces, kept on the move and in constant self-criticism and self-correction by an active
and striving ethic derived from Protestantism. So far as this new faith — if that is what it is — has
theologians, priests and prophets, they are, respectively, the scientists and scholars whose business it is
to criticise and increase knowledge, the artists who refine our perceptions and open up new life-
possibilities, and the armies of idealistic campaigners who urge us to become active in hundreds of good
causes.
So seductive and compelling is this new faith that it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its
language and its way of thinking. They are everywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes it like a
religion: once we are in the midst of it and do not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour it has,
we are largely unaware of its awesome, unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power.
 
Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adapted).
Judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item with reference to the text.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/125768
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/125770
81) 
82) 
The word “Rather” means more or less.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/169177
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERAC (ANAC)/ANAC/Engenharia ou Economia/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
 
Government: stay out of the Economy
 
The current expansion of government intervention is going to undermine economic growth. Pro or con?
Over the past nine months, government intervention in the economy has spread like a wildfire. From
federally mandated executive compensation rules for companies and job roles that had nothing to do
with the financial meltdown, to the ouster of General Motors (GM) CEO Rick Wagoner at the behest of
the White House, to forcing banks to take and keep Troubled Asset Relief Program money, Washington’s
tentacles are reaching into the minutiae of private business dealings like never before. Setting aside the
long-term philosophical questions this raises about the role of government in society, one short-term
question is whether or not it will aid recovery. I do not believe it will.
 
A 1998 Congressional Joint Economic Committee study concluded the optimal size of government to
maximize economic growth was about 18% of gross domestic product (GDP). Even before today’s
unprecedented debt and spending, all levels of government in the U.S. controlled 37% of GDP. Recent
federal spending will drive up government’s share to more than 40%. A single federal health-care plan
would gobble up another 16%, putting more than 50% of the economy in government’s hands.
 
Economists increasingly understand the Great Depression was prolonged by government intervention in
trade, private industry, and banking. We have evidence from other countries, too. As Ireland’s tax burden
and share of GDP fell, the Celtic Tiger roared. Recent National Bureau of Economic Research findings
show that Jamaica’s pursuit of “social justice” policies has retarded its growth compared with its less
interventionist sister island, Barbados. From 1960 to 2002, Barbados’ per capita GDP doubled, but
Jamaica’s grew only 50%.
 
Government has an important and legitimate role to play in a growing economy. It should enforce
contracts, create a level playing field for all businesses, and steadfastly promote the rule of law. U.S.
entrepreneurs can take it from there.
 
Internet: <www.businessweek.com> (adapted).
 
In the text,
 
“that” can be correctly replaced by whose.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1547765
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Trad Int (UNIPAMPA)/UNIPAMPA/Inglês/2009
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Gauchos of Argentina, Uruguay and Southern Brazil
Wherever you have cattle, and cattle ranches, you have people on horseback tending to them. They’re
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/169177
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1547765
83) 
called by many names: cowboy in the US; gaucho in Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil; vaqueiro in
northern Brazil; huaso in Chile and llanero in Colombia and Venezuela.
 
In the great wide plains areas, called pampas, of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, cattle raising is
a primary way of life.
 
The men who work the cattle are called gauchos, from the Quechua huachu, which means orphan or
vagabond. Spanish settlers distinguished the two by calling orphans gauchos and vagabonds gauchos,
but over time the usage melded into gaucho.
 
Much has been written, fact and fiction, about the legendary Gauchos, the wanderers of the Pampas. The
early horsemen were skilled horsemen, loners, scrabbling out a life on the sun-baked pampas, living off
the land and tracking down lost cattle for ranchers, their patrones for whom they also provided
protection, and in times of battle, military service.
 
Their nomadic life meant little time spent at home, which they might have shared with a common-law
wife who raised their children. Sons followed their father’s traditions. Their clothing reflected their life on
horseback: a wide hat, a woolen poncho, long pleated trousers, or loose baggy pants called bombachas
and knee-high leather boots. They made their boots by wrapping the hide of a freshly killed calf around
their legs and feet. As the hide dried, it took on the form of the foot and leg. They owned nothing of
value but their horse and the long knife, the facón that they kept sharp, and handy. The facón and the
boleadora, stones bound in leather strips and used as a lariat to trip cattle or other animals by looping it
around their legs.
 
They had no way of preserving meat, and after butchering a cow, would cook it immediately over an
open fire. This was the beginning of the asado, still popular today. Meat and mate were the mainstays of
their diets and the brewing and consumption of this herb called yerba mate was a several times a day
ritual.
Internet: <gosouthamerica.about.com> (adapted).
 
As found in the text, it can be concluded that
gauchos didn’t use to spend much time either with their children or their wives.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/126445
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Diplomata/IRBr/2008
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text
European energy
The European Union (EU) revealed on January 23rd, 2008, how it plans to save the world. A mammoth
climate-change plan spells out in detail how much pain each of its 27 members will have to bear if the EU
is to meet ambitious targets set by national leaders last March.
The aim is to cut greenhouse-gas emissions by 2020 byat least a fifth, and more than double to 20%
the amount of energy produced from renewable sources such as wind or wave power. If fuel from plants
proves green enough, 10% of the fuel used in transport must come from biofuels by the same date. The
new plan turns these goals into national targets. Cue much grumbling, and no doubt months of horse-
trading, as the European Commission's recommendations are turned into binding law by national
governments and the European Parliament.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/126445
84) 
Countries with greenery in their veins are being asked to take more of the burden than newer members.
Sweden, for example, is being invited to meet 49% of its energy from renewables. At the other end,
Malta gets a renewables target of just 10%. It is a similar story when it comes to cutting greenhouse
gases: by 2020, Denmark must cut emissions by 20% from 2005 levels; Bulgaria and Romania, the
newest members, may let their emissions rise by 20%.
EU leadership on climate change will not come cheap. The direct costs alone may be €60 billion ($87
billion), or about 0.5% of total EU GDP, by 2020, said the commission's president, José Manuel Barroso.
But this is still presented as a bargain compared with the cost of inaction, which Mr. Barroso put at ten
times as high. Oh, and leading the world in the fight against climate change need not cost jobs, even in
the most heavily polluting branches of heavy industry. “We want to keep our industry in Europe”, insisted
Mr. Barroso.
 
Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.
In the text, “need not cost”can be correctly replaced by does not need to cost.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/5466
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AUFC (TCU)/TCU/Controle Externo/Auditoria
Governamental/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Law of public biddings
 According to the Brazilian Federal Constitution, article 37, item XXI: "With the exception of the
cases specified in law,
public works, services, purchases and disposals shall be contracted by public bidding proceedings that
ensure equal conditions to all bidders, with clauses that establish payment obligations, maintaining the
effective conditions of the bid, as the law provides, which shall only allow the requirements of technical
and economic qualifications indispensable to guarantee the fulfilling of the obligations." The regulatory
law is Law Number 8666, 21st June, 1993.
 The Law forbids preference to or differential treatment between Brazilian and foreign companies.
However, when local
and foreign competitors offer equivalent conditions in terms of price, quality and delivery time, the law
ensures preference for: goods produced or supplied by a Brazilian firm of national capital; locally
produced; and produced or supplied by Brazilian firms. The comments below are a very superficial
highlight of some important topics of the law.
 - Article 1 mentions the entities subject to the law: all the three branches; all the three levels of
government (Federal, State, and Municipal); all agencies and foundations; all public companies, including
those with private participation (this means that big businesses like PETROBRAS, Banco do Brasil and
others are subject to the law).
 - Article 3 mentions that the nationality of the bidders will be considered only as a tie-breaking
criterion: otherwise,
Brazilian and foreign companies compete equally. Also, article 3 states that all the bidding process is
open to the public, except, of course, for the value of bidding while not disclosed.
 - Article 4: all bids are in national currency, except in the cases prescribed in article 42
(international purchases).
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/5466
85) 
 - Article 24 states the situations where bidding is not mandatory. Some examples: purchases of
small value (as defined by law); emergency situations which put people or premises in risk; when
previous bidding processes had no bidders; to purchase or rent specific buildings; several others.
 - Article 25 states situations when a bidding process is not feasible. Examples: there is only one
possible contractor for a given product or service (electricity supply, for example); a professional is so
outstandingly better than all the others that a bidding competition would be meaningless.
 - Article 45 states that, besides the price bid, technical factors may also define the winner.
 
 
Internet: <www.V-brazil.com/business> (adapted).
In the text,
"shall" can be correctly replaced by might.
 
 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/96626
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - TA (ANVISA)/ANVISA/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Foodborne illnesses* are a serious public health threat. Each year, approximately 76 million cases of
foodborne illness occur in the United States alone, according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Of those cases of foodborne illness, more than 325,000 people are hospitalized and
about 5,000 deaths occur.
Why Be Food Safe?
Preventing foodborne illness is one of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA’s) top priorities. For
more than 100 years, the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) has worked with our Nation’s
commercial suppliers to ensure that meat, poultry, and egg products are safe, wholesome, and correctly
labeled and packaged for public consumption. And because research shows that improper handling,
preparation, and storage of food can cause foodborne illness, FSIS has conducted — and is a key
stakeholder in — many public education programs to prevent foodborne illness.
What is the Be Food Safe Campaign?
USDA developed the Be Food Safe Campaign in cooperation with the Partnership for Food Safety
Education, FDA, and CDC because research shows that Americans are aware of food safety, but they
need more information to achieve and maintain safe food handling behaviors. The Be Food Safe
Campaign, which is grounded in social marketing, behavior change, and risk communications theories, is
designed to provide educators with the tools to inform consumers about foodborne illness and raise the
level of awareness of the dangers associated with improper handling and undercooking of food.
* Foodborne illnesses are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that
enter the body through the ingestion of food.
 
Internet: <www.fsis.usda.gov> (adapted).
In the text,
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/96626
86) 
87) 
“which” can be correctly replaced by what.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/453175
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Alun Of (PM DF)/PM DF/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This heavily armed group wears black uniforms and their faces are often masked, and their symbol
includes a skull with crossed pistols. It is not some illegal paramilitary force but an elite battalion of the
police in Rio de Janeiro known as Bope, the Battalion for Special Police Operations. They were created by
the Department of Police to deal with kidnappings, but their job now is to take on the most dangerous
drug gangs in the country, a battle fought with high-calibre weapons in the city’s favelas and shanty
towns. The launch of a new movie called Tropa de Elite (or Elite Squad) has put this police unit in the
spotlight in an unprecedented way. The movie also points an accusing finger at the hypocrisy of rich
young people who complain about violence in Brazilian society, but who use the drugs that finance the
gangs which dominate many favelas. Some critics have accused the film of glamorising violence and
making a hero of a police officer who endorses torture and acts outside the law, an interpretation
rejected by the film’s director.
 
Internet: <news.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).
 
In the text,
 
“most dangerous” is a comparative of superiority.
Certo
Erradowww.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/453176
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Alun Of (PM DF)/PM DF/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This heavily armed group wears black uniforms and their faces are often masked, and their symbol
includes a skull with crossed pistols. It is not some illegal paramilitary force but an elite battalion of the
police in Rio de Janeiro known as Bope, the Battalion for Special Police Operations. They were created by
the Department of Police to deal with kidnappings, but their job now is to take on the most dangerous
drug gangs in the country, a battle fought with high-calibre weapons in the city’s favelas and shanty
towns. The launch of a new movie called Tropa de Elite (or Elite Squad) has put this police unit in the
spotlight in an unprecedented way. The movie also points an accusing finger at the hypocrisy of rich
young people who complain about violence in Brazilian society, but who use the drugs that finance the
gangs which dominate many favelas. Some critics have accused the film of glamorising violence and
making a hero of a police officer who endorses torture and acts outside the law, an interpretation
rejected by the film’s director.
 
Internet: <news.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).
 
In the text,
 
“who” can be correctly replaced by which without any change in meaning.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/453175
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/453176
88) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1624975
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Broken windows, broken business
 
The book Broken Windows, Broken Business, by Michael Levine, was inspired by an article entitled
Broken Windows, by criminologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in the March, 1982 issue of
Atlantic Monthly. Wilson and Kelling suggested that when laws against minor crimes, such as graffiti and
turnstile1 jumping, are enforced, and broken windows are promptly repaired, major crime rates will
decline.
When Rudolph Giuliani became mayor of New York City in 1994, he worked with police commissioner
William Bratton to implement a “zero tolerance” broken windows policy. Graffiti was promptly cleaned up
on subway cars. Turnstile jumping wasn’t tolerated. Laws against petty crimes were enforced. Those
guys who’d take advantage of traffic jams or red lights to jump in front of cars with a squeegee2, quickly
cleaning the windshield and begging for money were arrested on the grounds of jaywalking316 ! A good
many of them were carrying weapons. Over the following few years, the number of murders, assaults,
robberies and other violent crimes went down dramatically. It was made clear that the good guys would
be in charge there, not wrongdoers.
Levine says the same principle applies to businesses. Business owners and their employees must become
fanatics in attending to the details of presenting outstanding customer service and in the image
presented by the business to inspire customer confidence and loyalty. The broken windows theory is all
about the unmistakable power of perception, about what people see and the conclusions they draw from
it. In business, perception is even more critical. The way a customer (or potential customer) perceives
your business is a crucial element in your success or failure. Make one mistake, have one rude employee,
let that customer walk away with a negative experience one time, and you are inviting disaster. Small
things make a huge difference in business. The messy condiment area at a fast food restaurant may lead
consumers to believe the company as a whole doesn’t care about cleanliness, and therefore the food
itself might be in question. Indifferent help at the counter in an upscale clothing store — even if just one
clerk — can signal to the consumer that perhaps standards here aren’t as high as they might be (or used
to be). An employee at the gas station who wears a T-shirt with an offensive slogan can certainly cause
some customers to switch brands of gasoline and lose an enormous company those customers for life.
Mystery shoppers should be regularly employed to learn whether customers are having a positive
experience dealing with a company. Candidates for mystery shoppers to recruit include customers who
already complain about their experiences with the company.
It is critical that the right kind of people (those who enjoy dealing with people) be hired for customer
contact positions. Employees exhibiting an attitude of “a smile isn’t in my job description” must be told
that a smile certainly is required, and to find other employment if they can’t fulfill the required behavior.
The worst business scenario is “broken window hubris4”. Examples are Kmart and Enron. A company
suffers from broken window hubris when management thinks the business is so successful that it’s no
longer important to please customers.
Internet: <www.profitadvisors.com> (adapted).
 
1turnstile – a narrow gate at the entrance of something, with metal bars that move in a circle so that only
one person at a time can go through.
 
2squeegee – an object used for cleaning windows, consisting of a short handle with a rubber blade.
 
3jaywalking – a dangerous or illegal way of crossing a street at a place where cars do not usually stop.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1624975
89) 
4hubris – a very proud way of talking or behaving that offends people.
 
In the text,
the article “the”, in the expression “in the March, 1982 issue of Atlantic Monthly”, is optional.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1624977
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Broken windows, broken business
 
The book Broken Windows, Broken Business, by Michael Levine, was inspired by an article entitled
Broken Windows, by criminologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in the March, 1982 issue of
Atlantic Monthly. Wilson and Kelling suggested that when laws against minor crimes, such as graffiti and
turnstile1 jumping, are enforced, and broken windows are promptly repaired, major crime rates will
decline.
When Rudolph Giuliani became mayor of New York City in 1994, he worked with police commissioner
William Bratton to implement a “zero tolerance” broken windows policy. Graffiti was promptly cleaned up
on subway cars. Turnstile jumping wasn’t tolerated. Laws against petty crimes were enforced. Those
guys who’d take advantage of traffic jams or red lights to jump in front of cars with a squeegee2, quickly
cleaning the windshield and begging for money were arrested on the grounds of jaywalking316 ! A good
many of them were carrying weapons. Over the following few years, the number of murders, assaults,
robberies and other violent crimes went down dramatically. It was made clear that the good guys would
be in charge there, not wrongdoers.
Levine says the same principle applies to businesses. Business owners and their employees must become
fanatics in attending to the details of presenting outstanding customer service and in the image
presented by the business to inspire customer confidence and loyalty. The broken windows theory is all
about the unmistakable power of perception, about what people see and the conclusions they draw from
it. In business, perception is even more critical. The way a customer (or potential customer) perceives
your business is a crucial element in your success or failure. Make one mistake, have one rude employee,
let that customer walk away with a negative experience one time, and you are inviting disaster. Small
things make a huge difference in business. The messy condiment area at a fast food restaurant may lead
consumers to believe the company as a whole doesn’t care about cleanliness, and therefore the food
itself might be in question. Indifferent help at the counter in an upscale clothing store — even if just one
clerk — can signal to the consumer that perhaps standards here aren’t as high as they might be(or used
to be). An employee at the gas station who wears a T-shirt with an offensive slogan can certainly cause
some customers to switch brands of gasoline and lose an enormous company those customers for life.
Mystery shoppers should be regularly employed to learn whether customers are having a positive
experience dealing with a company. Candidates for mystery shoppers to recruit include customers who
already complain about their experiences with the company.
It is critical that the right kind of people (those who enjoy dealing with people) be hired for customer
contact positions. Employees exhibiting an attitude of “a smile isn’t in my job description” must be told
that a smile certainly is required, and to find other employment if they can’t fulfill the required behavior.
The worst business scenario is “broken window hubris4”. Examples are Kmart and Enron. A company
suffers from broken window hubris when management thinks the business is so successful that it’s no
longer important to please customers.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1624977
90) 
Internet: <www.profitadvisors.com> (adapted).
 
1turnstile – a narrow gate at the entrance of something, with metal bars that move in a circle so that only
one person at a time can go through.
 
2squeegee – an object used for cleaning windows, consisting of a short handle with a rubber blade.
 
3jaywalking – a dangerous or illegal way of crossing a street at a place where cars do not usually stop.
 
4hubris – a very proud way of talking or behaving that offends people.
 
In the text,
“laws against minor crimes” is the subject of “are enforced”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1624984
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2007
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Broken windows, broken business
 
The book Broken Windows, Broken Business, by Michael Levine, was inspired by an article entitled
Broken Windows, by criminologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling in the March, 1982 issue of
Atlantic Monthly. Wilson and Kelling suggested that when laws against minor crimes, such as graffiti and
turnstile1 jumping, are enforced, and broken windows are promptly repaired, major crime rates will
decline.
When Rudolph Giuliani became mayor of New York City in 1994, he worked with police commissioner
William Bratton to implement a “zero tolerance” broken windows policy. Graffiti was promptly cleaned up
on subway cars. Turnstile jumping wasn’t tolerated. Laws against petty crimes were enforced. Those
guys who’d take advantage of traffic jams or red lights to jump in front of cars with a squeegee2, quickly
cleaning the windshield and begging for money were arrested on the grounds of jaywalking316 ! A good
many of them were carrying weapons. Over the following few years, the number of murders, assaults,
robberies and other violent crimes went down dramatically. It was made clear that the good guys would
be in charge there, not wrongdoers.
Levine says the same principle applies to businesses. Business owners and their employees must become
fanatics in attending to the details of presenting outstanding customer service and in the image
presented by the business to inspire customer confidence and loyalty. The broken windows theory is all
about the unmistakable power of perception, about what people see and the conclusions they draw from
it. In business, perception is even more critical. The way a customer (or potential customer) perceives
your business is a crucial element in your success or failure. Make one mistake, have one rude employee,
let that customer walk away with a negative experience one time, and you are inviting disaster. Small
things make a huge difference in business. The messy condiment area at a fast food restaurant may lead
consumers to believe the company as a whole doesn’t care about cleanliness, and therefore the food
itself might be in question. Indifferent help at the counter in an upscale clothing store — even if just one
clerk — can signal to the consumer that perhaps standards here aren’t as high as they might be (or used
to be). An employee at the gas station who wears a T-shirt with an offensive slogan can certainly cause
some customers to switch brands of gasoline and lose an enormous company those customers for life.
Mystery shoppers should be regularly employed to learn whether customers are having a positive
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1624984
91) 
experience dealing with a company. Candidates for mystery shoppers to recruit include customers who
already complain about their experiences with the company.
It is critical that the right kind of people (those who enjoy dealing with people) be hired for customer
contact positions. Employees exhibiting an attitude of “a smile isn’t in my job description” must be told
that a smile certainly is required, and to find other employment if they can’t fulfill the required behavior.
The worst business scenario is “broken window hubris4”. Examples are Kmart and Enron. A company
suffers from broken window hubris when management thinks the business is so successful that it’s no
longer important to please customers.
Internet: <www.profitadvisors.com> (adapted).
 
1turnstile – a narrow gate at the entrance of something, with metal bars that move in a circle so that only
one person at a time can go through.
 
2squeegee – an object used for cleaning windows, consisting of a short handle with a rubber blade.
 
3jaywalking – a dangerous or illegal way of crossing a street at a place where cars do not usually stop.
 
4hubris – a very proud way of talking or behaving that offends people.
 
In the text,
the phrase “that the right kind of people (those who enjoy dealing with people) be hired” can be
correctly rewritten as: that the right kind of people (those who enjoy dealing with people)
should be hired.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/92695
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERSPT (ANATEL)/ANATEL/Geral (Ciências Exatas ou
Humanas)/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
No item, a seguir, são avaliados conhecimentos em língua inglesa.
 
This text refer to item.
Japan and Korea are outstanding markets in terms of the world’s advances in cellular telephony, where
multimedia applications have surged into feverish popularity. Users in these countries have demanded
velocity and high quality data transmission — such as images, videos and sounds — as the principal
distinctive features for the cellular telephone. Although the industry in Brazil is not yet experiencing the
same phase as in the Asian countries, innovative third generation services, aligned with world-class
technology, are already present, with data transmission speeds of up to 2.4 Mbps.
In fact, in some cases, Brazil has held multimedia application launches simultaneously with the United
States, tremendously increasing the economic and digital inclusion that cellular telephony has fomented
in recent years. The heavy impact of mobile communication on Brazilian society can be measured by the
expansion of the customer base, which has been growing at historic rates of 30% a year and now serves
over 50 million customers. In other words, four out of every ten Brazilians have a cellular telephone.
The importance of mobile telephony has already surpassed that of the traditional fixed telephone system,
because the cell phone actually fulfills the function of taking communication to all levels of the
population. Its widespread network has opened gateways to regions that formerly had not been
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/92695
92) 
benefited by the implementation of a fixed telephone system, such as, for example, many rural areas
that are now mobile telephone customers.
The responsibility that cellular telephony carries as an instrument for transforming people’s lives tends to
increase enormously in the short term. In Brazil, third generation CDMA 3G EVDO service is already
offered and is able to provide handheld resources, similar to CD, DVDand TV, anywhere and at any time,
based on Qualcomm's cutting edge CDMA technology.
 
Internet: <www.wirtel.co.uk> (with adaptations).
In the text,
“is already offered” can be replaced by has already been offered without changing the meaning.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/140272
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/Qualquer Área de Formação/Área
3/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text for item.
 
The distribution of films on-line is still in its infancy. Like any innovation, it arouses fear and greed. We
have seen how much the studios, without ignoring or rejecting it, have thought to prevent it interfering
with markets that are already sizeable and profitable — the sale of DVDs now, and VOD in the near
future. Dominated by the matter of piracy and the various ways of countering it, analyses on its
economic relevance and its place in the chain of film distribution remain embryonic, as indeed does the
turnover it brings at present and could achieve in the medium term. It is not a concept that sets
Hollywood dreaming — it’s more of a nightmare. Despite Blair Witch, despite the rash of sites specializing
in the cinema, its history and techniques, Internet is still a black sheep.
 
And yet the broadband Internet market is exploding, powerful operators are setting up, not afraid to act
as scouts — or even playing with the devil. The access providers need to pad out* their content offer if
they are not to be accused of being merely “passive” organisers of networks for sharing content which is
one of their main sales arguments. Rather than seeing themselves taxed on upstream movement (the
idea is beginning to catch on), they will choose to join up with anyone who could enable them to offer
lawful downloading, if only as a public gesture. The telecom operators that deploy increasingly efficient
DSL networks have similar interests. The manufacturers of set-top boxes, whether their background is
computing or consumer electronics, are contemplating with envy the connected household of the future,
organised as a network and with many points for consulting and recording programmes and
communicating.
 
*pad out – add unnecessary words or information to make it longer and often to hide the fact that you are not
saying anything important.
 
Internet: <www.obs.coe.int> (with adaptations).
In the text,
“themselves” refers to “The access providers”.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/140272
93) 
94) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/140273
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/Qualquer Área de Formação/Área
3/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text for item.
 
The distribution of films on-line is still in its infancy. Like any innovation, it arouses fear and greed. We
have seen how much the studios, without ignoring or rejecting it, have thought to prevent it interfering
with markets that are already sizeable and profitable — the sale of DVDs now, and VOD in the near
future. Dominated by the matter of piracy and the various ways of countering it, analyses on its
economic relevance and its place in the chain of film distribution remain embryonic, as indeed does the
turnover it brings at present and could achieve in the medium term. It is not a concept that sets
Hollywood dreaming — it’s more of a nightmare. Despite Blair Witch, despite the rash of sites specializing
in the cinema, its history and techniques, Internet is still a black sheep.
 
And yet the broadband Internet market is exploding, powerful operators are setting up, not afraid to act
as scouts — or even playing with the devil. The access providers need to pad out* their content offer if
they are not to be accused of being merely “passive” organisers of networks for sharing content which is
one of their main sales arguments. Rather than seeing themselves taxed on upstream movement (the
idea is beginning to catch on), they will choose to join up with anyone who could enable them to offer
lawful downloading, if only as a public gesture. The telecom operators that deploy increasingly efficient
DSL networks have similar interests. The manufacturers of set-top boxes, whether their background is
computing or consumer electronics, are contemplating with envy the connected household of the future,
organised as a network and with many points for consulting and recording programmes and
communicating.
 
*pad out – add unnecessary words or information to make it longer and often to hide the fact that you are not
saying anything important.
 
Internet: <www.obs.coe.int> (with adaptations).
In the text,
“are contemplating with envy” refers to “The manufacturers of set-top boxes”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/140274
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/Ciências Contábeis/Área 1/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text for item.
 
The distribution of films on-line is still in its infancy. Like any innovation, it arouses fear and greed. We
have seen how much the studios, without ignoring or rejecting it, have thought to prevent it interfering
with markets that are already sizeable and profitable — the sale of DVDs now, and VOD in the near
future. Dominated by the matter of piracy and the various ways of countering it, analyses on its
economic relevance and its place in the chain of film distribution remain embryonic, as indeed does the
turnover it brings at present and could achieve in the medium term. It is not a concept that sets
Hollywood dreaming — it’s more of a nightmare. Despite Blair Witch, despite the rash of sites specializing
in the cinema, its history and techniques, Internet is still a black sheep.
 
And yet the broadband Internet market is exploding, powerful operators are setting up, not afraid to act
as scouts — or even playing with the devil. The access providers need to pad out* their content offer if
they are not to be accused of being merely “passive” organisers of networks for sharing content which is
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/140273
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/140274
95) 
96) 
one of their main sales arguments. Rather than seeing themselves taxed on upstream movement (the
idea is beginning to catch on), they will choose to join up with anyone who could enable them to offer
lawful downloading, if only as a public gesture. The telecom operators that deploy increasingly efficient
DSL networks have similar interests. The manufacturers of set-top boxes, whether their background is
computing or consumer electronics, are contemplating with envy the connected household of the future,
organised as a network and with many points for consulting and recording programmes and
communicating.
 
*pad out – add unnecessary words or information to make it longer and often to hide the fact that you are not
saying anything important.
 
Internet: <www.obs.coe.int> (with adaptations).
In the text,
 
“many” can be correctly replaced by a great deal of.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/690987
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Trad (MDS)/MDS/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
 
Upon taking Office, President Lula unveiled an antipoverty program called Fome Zero. Within this
program, Lula conceived Bolsa Família (family fund). This consolidated five pre-Lula programs that
transferred cash to poor families, raised the benefit and expanded the number of beneficiaries so far to
8.7 million families, roughly a fifth of Brazil’s population. In the poor north-east, with the largest
concentration of beneficiaries, the program can mean the difference between hunger and sufficiency and
sustain small10 town economies. Bolsa Família draws sneers, too, notably that it provides subsistence,
but no exit from poverty. Lula retorts that the conditions attached to the transfer — beneficiaries must
keep their children in school and vaccinate their babies — make it more than a handout. “It’s an
emergency program”, he says. “My dream is that one day we won’t need Bolsa Família any more because
it willhave generated employment and aided income distribution”.
 
The Economist, March 4, 2006 (with adaptations).
 
In the text, it is correct to replace the expression
 
“President Lula” by the President Lula.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/690993
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Trad (MDS)/MDS/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
 
Upon taking Office, President Lula unveiled an antipoverty program called Fome Zero. Within this
program, Lula conceived Bolsa Família (family fund). This consolidated five pre-Lula programs that
transferred cash to poor families, raised the benefit and expanded the number of beneficiaries so far to
8.7 million families, roughly a fifth of Brazil’s population. In the poor north-east, with the largest
concentration of beneficiaries, the program can mean the difference between hunger and sufficiency and
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/690987
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/690993
97) 
98) 
sustain small10 town economies. Bolsa Família draws sneers, too, notably that it provides subsistence,
but no exit from poverty. Lula retorts that the conditions attached to the transfer — beneficiaries must
keep their children in school and vaccinate their babies — make it more than a handout. “It’s an
emergency program”, he says. “My dream is that one day we won’t need Bolsa Família any more because
it will have generated employment and aided income distribution”.
 
The Economist, March 4, 2006 (with adaptations).
 
 
According to the text, judge the following item.
 
The choice of “it will have generated” instead of it will generate shows that the action will be achieved
by a particular time in the future.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/691071
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Trad (MDS)/MDS/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
 
Bill Gates is much the most generous philanthropist since records began. The $ 31 billion he has donated
so far is already many times the $ 6 billion (in 2005 dollars) given away by a previous giant of American
philanthropy, John D. Rockefeller. And Microsoft's founder is only just getting started. By the end of his
life, he intends to have handed over most of the rest of his fortune — put at $ 46.5 billion
in Forbes magazine’s latest rich list — to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Mr. Gates is given much
of the credit for the rise in giving among today’s super-rich. He seems to have discovered his generous
streak relatively recently: in 1998, The Economist was still criticizing him for sitting on his fortune. But
since then “Bill Gates has made philanthropy the norm among the super-rich of the world”, says Vartan
Gregorian, who runs the charitable foundation set up by Carnegie.
 
The power of Mr. Gates’ example is one reason why Mr. Gregorian is no fan of the secretive approach to
giving. “I like people to be public about their philanthropy; it makes it more competitive if we can see
who is doing what”.
 
Faced with the world’s many and urgent problems, a lot of wealthy people are asking themselves: if I can
help, why not? Mr. Gates read a World Bank World Development Report and realized he could do
something to improve public health in the world’s poorest countries. That made it seem absurd to leave
his philanthropy until old age, as he had previously intended.
 
The Economist. February, 2006 (with adaptations).
 
In the text, without a change in meaning, the expression
 
 “By the end” can be replaced by At the end.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/691075
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Trad (MDS)/MDS/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/691071
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/691075
99) 
 
Bill Gates is much the most generous philanthropist since records began. The $ 31 billion he has donated
so far is already many times the $ 6 billion (in 2005 dollars) given away by a previous giant of American
philanthropy, John D. Rockefeller. And Microsoft's founder is only just getting started. By the end of his
life, he intends to have handed over most of the rest of his fortune — put at $ 46.5 billion
in Forbes magazine’s latest rich list — to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Mr. Gates is given much
of the credit for the rise in giving among today’s super-rich. He seems to have discovered his generous
streak relatively recently: in 1998, The Economist was still criticizing him for sitting on his fortune. But
since then “Bill Gates has made philanthropy the norm among the super-rich of the world”, says Vartan
Gregorian, who runs the charitable foundation set up by Carnegie.
 
The power of Mr. Gates’ example is one reason why Mr. Gregorian is no fan of the secretive approach to
giving. “I like people to be public about their philanthropy; it makes it more competitive if we can see
who is doing what”.
 
Faced with the world’s many and urgent problems, a lot of wealthy people are asking themselves: if I can
help, why not? Mr. Gates read a World Bank World Development Report and realized he could do
something to improve public health in the world’s poorest countries. That made it seem absurd to leave
his philanthropy until old age, as he had previously intended.
 
The Economist. February, 2006 (with adaptations).
 
In the text,
 
the use of “is no fan of” instead of isn’t a fan of emphasizes the negative idea in the sentence.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/691076
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Trad (MDS)/MDS/2006
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
This text refers to item.
 
Bill Gates is much the most generous philanthropist since records began. The $ 31 billion he has donated
so far is already many times the $ 6 billion (in 2005 dollars) given away by a previous giant of American
philanthropy, John D. Rockefeller. And Microsoft's founder is only just getting started. By the end of his
life, he intends to have handed over most of the rest of his fortune — put at $ 46.5 billion
in Forbes magazine’s latest rich list — to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Mr. Gates is given much
of the credit for the rise in giving among today’s super-rich. He seems to have discovered his generous
streak relatively recently: in 1998, The Economist was still criticizing him for sitting on his fortune. But
since then “Bill Gates has made philanthropy the norm among the super-rich of the world”, says Vartan
Gregorian, who runs the charitable foundation set up by Carnegie.
 
The power of Mr. Gates’ example is one reason why Mr. Gregorian is no fan of the secretive approach to
giving. “I like people to be public about their philanthropy; it makes it more competitive if we can see
who is doing what”.
 
Faced with the world’s many and urgent problems, a lot of wealthy people are asking themselves: if I can
help, why not? Mr. Gates read a World Bank World Development Report and realized he could do
something to improve public health in the world’s poorest countries. That made it seem absurd to leave
his philanthropy until old age, as he had previously intended.
 
The Economist. February, 2006 (with adaptations).
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/691076
100) 
101) 
In the text,
 
“until” can be correctly replaced by by.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/4261
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AUFC (TCU)/TCU/Apoio Técnico e
Administrativo/Biblioteconomia/2005
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
 
 Since the Constitution of 1988 no major legal constraints limit the control activities of the
Brazilian courts of accounts. The range of control areas is widely defined and the control criteria include
traditional legal standards as well as modern criteria of efficiency and effectiveness. Despite TCU's
historical burden of bureaucratic procedures it is on its way to cut down low intensive control routines
and create new space for more intense forms of investigation and audits. The effort of the TCU to
modernise control criteriatowards efficiency and effectiveness is certainly a hopeful sign for TCU's
capacity for innovation. On the other hand, a policy for the detection of fraud, corruption and misuse of
public resource could improve results in a field where Brazilian political system seems to depend on
occasional denunciations by the press and civil society. Foreign experience proves that identification of
high risk areas and fraud indicators can improve the results in this area.
 
 
Internet : <http://www.transparency.org/iacc/9th_ iacc/papers/day4/ws2/d4ws2_bwspeck.html> (with
adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
"criteria" is a plural form.
 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/4267
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AUFC (TCU)/TCU/Apoio Técnico e
Administrativo/Biblioteconomia/2005
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
 
 Since the Constitution of 1988 no major legal constraints limit the control activities of the
Brazilian courts of accounts. The range of control areas is widely defined and the control criteria include
traditional legal standards as well as modern criteria of efficiency and effectiveness. Despite TCU's
historical burden of bureaucratic procedures it is on its way to cut down low intensive control routines
and create new space for more intense forms of investigation and audits. The effort of the TCU to
modernise control criteria towards efficiency and effectiveness is certainly a hopeful sign for TCU's
capacity for innovation. On the other hand, a policy for the detection of fraud, corruption and misuse of
public resource could improve results in a field where Brazilian political system seems to depend on
occasional denunciations by the press and civil society. Foreign experience proves that identification of
high risk areas and fraud indicators can improve the results in this area.
 
 
Internet : <http://www.transparency.org/iacc/9th_ iacc/papers/day4/ws2/d4ws2_bwspeck.html> (with
adaptations).
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/4261
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/4267
102) 
103) 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
"misuse" means lack of use.
 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/144894
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERACA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/Qualquer Área de
Formação/2005
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
O item avaliam conhecimentos em língua inglesa.
 
Because we live next door to the United States of America and share some of their programming and
commercials, most moviegoers in Ontario are probably more familiar with the American system than our
home-grown one. However, our systems are very different.
 
Films and trailers are classified in the United States of America by the Rating Board of the Motion Picture
Association of America (MPAA), located in Los Angeles. This industry-sponsored Rating Board consists of
13 members who serve for varying periods of time. There are no special qualifications for Board
membership except for having a shared parenthood experience, an intelligent maturity, and an ability to
put themselves in the role of most American parents. The Board is funded through fees charged to
producers and distributors for the ratings of their films.
 
The MPAA Rating Board members, like those of the Ontario Film Review Board (OFRB), do not classify
movies on personal judgements of quality. Their judgements are based on specific guidelines in areas
including theme, violence, language, nudity, sexuality, drug use, and others. Like the OFRB, they consider
the film in its entirety, and take context into account in classification decisions.
 
The first main area of difference between the Ontario classification system and the American one is that
the OFRB is a government body established by statute that requires distributors to submit their films for
classification. In the United States of America, the rating system is a voluntary one that is administered
by the movie industry through the MPAA.
 
Internet: <http://www.ofrb.gov.on.ca/english/page14.htm> (with adaptations).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
“However” means Nevertheless.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/144897
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERACA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/Qualquer Área de
Formação/2005
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
O item avaliam conhecimentos em língua inglesa.
 
Because we live next door to the United States of America and share some of their programming and
commercials, most moviegoers in Ontario are probably more familiar with the American system than our
home-grown one. However, our systems are very different.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/144894
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/144897
104) 
Films and trailers are classified in the United States of America by the Rating Board of the Motion Picture
Association of America (MPAA), located in Los Angeles. This industry-sponsored Rating Board consists of
13 members who serve for varying periods of time. There are no special qualifications for Board
membership except for having a shared parenthood experience, an intelligent maturity, and an ability to
put themselves in the role of most American parents. The Board is funded through fees charged to
producers and distributors for the ratings of their films.
 
The MPAA Rating Board members, like those of the Ontario Film Review Board (OFRB), do not classify
movies on personal judgements of quality. Their judgements are based on specific guidelines in areas
including theme, violence, language, nudity, sexuality, drug use, and others. Like the OFRB, they consider
the film in its entirety, and take context into account in classification decisions.
 
The first main area of difference between the Ontario classification system and the American one is that
the OFRB is a government body established by statute that requires distributors to submit their films for
classification. In the United States of America, the rating system is a voluntary one that is administered
by the movie industry through the MPAA.
 
Internet: <http://www.ofrb.gov.on.ca/english/page14.htm> (with adaptations).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
“Board” refers to “MPAA”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/144900
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERACA (ANCINE)/ANCINE/Qualquer Área de
Formação/2005
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
O item avaliam conhecimentos em língua inglesa.
 
Because we live next door to the United States of America and share some of their programming and
commercials, most moviegoers in Ontario are probably more familiar with the American system than our
home-grown one. However, our systems are very different.
 
Films and trailers are classified in the United States of America by the Rating Board of the Motion Picture
Association of America (MPAA), located in Los Angeles. This industry-sponsored Rating Board consists of
13 members who serve for varying periods of time. There are no special qualifications for Board
membership except for having a shared parenthood experience, an intelligent maturity, and an ability to
put themselves in the role of most American parents. The Board is funded through fees charged to
producers and distributors for the ratings of their films.
 
The MPAA Rating Board members, like those of the Ontario Film Review Board (OFRB), do not classify
movies on personal judgements of quality. Their judgements are based on specific guidelines in areas
including theme, violence, language, nudity, sexuality, drug use, and others. Like the OFRB, they consider
the film in its entirety, and take context into account in classification decisions.
 
The first main area of difference between the Ontario classification system and the American one is that
the OFRB is a government body established by statute that requires distributors to submit their films for
classification. In the United States of America, the rating system is a voluntary one that is administered
by the movie industry through the MPAA.
 
Internet: <http://www.ofrb.gov.on.ca/english/page14.htm>(with adaptations).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/144900
105) 
106) 
 
The term “one” refers to “rating system”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/22124
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - OI (ABIN)/ABIN/Código 09 (Computação)/2004
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
 
 The job of the intelligence officer is to identify those strands that are worth pursuing and then to
pursue them until either they are resolved, or they start to look flaky and not worth pursuing, or there is
nothing more that can usefully be done. It is a risk-management process. The number of potential leads
that can be followed is virtually infinite. On the other hand, covert investigation is extremely resource-
intensive and impinges1 on the human rights of the subject. The threshold2 for such investigations is
therefore high and the number of investigations necessarily limited. Consequently many potential leads
have to be discounted. Decisions on which leads to pursue are vital, but are also complex and rich in
judgement.
1 impinge - to have an effect on (something) often causing problems by limiting it in some way.
2 threshold - a point or level at which something begins or starts to take effect.
 
Michael Herman. Internet: <http://www.csis-scrs.gc.ca/eng/comment/com83_e.html> (with adaptations).
Based on the text, it can be deduced that
"therefore" means consequently.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/76191
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AL (CAM DEP)/CAM DEP/Técnico em Comunicação
Social/Imprensa Escrita/2003
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Members of the Society of Professional Journalists believe that public enlightenment is the
forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy. The duty of the journalist is to further those ends
by seeking truth and providing a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. Conscientious
journalists from all media and specialties strive to serve the public with thoroughness and honesty.
Professional integrity is the cornerstone of a journalist's credibility. Members of the Society share a
dedication to ethical behaviour and adopt this code to declare the Society's principles and standards of
practice.
Internet: <http://www.spj.org/ethics-code.asp> (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
"The duty of the journalist" is the same as The journalist's duty.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/76206
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AL (CAM DEP)/CAM DEP/Técnico em Comunicação
Social/Imprensa Escrita/2003
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/22124
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/76191
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/76206
107) 
108) 
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Policy analysis often involves tempering enthusiasm with a dose of sobering reality. While
communications technologies probably have a role to play in making the world a better place, the impact
of any specific technical advance is likely to be modest. Technologies often turn out to have limitations
that are not immediately apparent — they do not hold up to everyday use in the real world, they do not
scale, or they have side effects. In addition, there are limitations in their benefits. The limits may not be
inherent in the technological capability, but rather due to the regulatory institutions or the economic
constraints that govern the deployment of a commercial implementation. While the technology may exist
to deliver any information anywhere in the world, many people lack the money to pay for it, the
equipment to access it, the skills to use it, or even the knowledge that any of this might be useful to
them in the first place. Indeed, there may not be a viable business model for delivering basic services
associated with a new technology at all.
Internet: <http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/book/1-cranor-1.html> (with adaptations).
In the previous text,
"their" refers to "limitations".
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/978515
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Train (BANESE)/BANESE/Área I/2002
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text I
The range of uses for the laser is striking, going far beyond the original ideas of the scientists who
developed the first models.
The wide variety of lasers is also striking. At one end of the scale there are lasers made from tiny
semiconductor chips similar to those used in electronic circuits, no larger than grainsof salt. At the other
end, building-size laser weapons are being tested by the military.
The tasks that lasers perform are usually difficult or impossible with any other tool. Lasers are relatively
expensive tools and are often brought in to do a job only because they can deliver the required type and
amount of energy to the desired spot. Charles H. Townes, one of the inventors of the laser and a Nobel
Prize winner, said recently that he believes the laser “is going to touch on a very great number of areas.
The laser will do almost anything. But it costs. That is the only limitation.”
A typical surgical laser, for example, costs from $ 30,000 to $ 50,000 and up, or about a thousand times
more than a good conventional scalpel. And to be honest, for many operations a scalpel may be better
than a laser. But if you have a detached retina, a condition that could lead to blindness, you may be
happy that these expensive scalpels exist.
A laser can do what a knife can’t: weld the retina back to the eyeball. No incision is required for this
delicate surgery, which can be performed right in the doctor’s office. The laser beam shines through the
lens of the patient’s eye and is focused on the retina, producing a small lesion that helps hold it to the
eyeball. Exotic as this sounds, a similar laser treatment has become a standard way of curing blindness
caused by diabetes.
Brenda Wegman and Miki P. Knezevicp.
A reading skills book. Third Edition. The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (with adaptations).
 
 
In text I,
 
“those” refers to “chips”.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/978515
109) 
110) 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/978516
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Train (BANESE)/BANESE/Área I/2002
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text I
The range of uses for the laser is striking, going far beyond the original ideas of the scientists who
developed the first models.
The wide variety of lasers is also striking. At one end of the scale there are lasers made from tiny
semiconductor chips similar to those used in electronic circuits, no larger than grainsof salt. At the other
end, building-size laser weapons are being tested by the military.
The tasks that lasers perform are usually difficult or impossible with any other tool. Lasers are relatively
expensive tools and are often brought in to do a job only because they can deliver the required type and
amount of energy to the desired spot. Charles H. Townes, one of the inventors of the laser and a Nobel
Prize winner, said recently that he believes the laser “is going to touch on a very great number of areas.
The laser will do almost anything. But it costs. That is the only limitation.”
A typical surgical laser, for example, costs from $ 30,000 to $ 50,000 and up, or about a thousand times
more than a good conventional scalpel. And to be honest, for many operations a scalpel may be better
than a laser. But if you have a detached retina, a condition that could lead to blindness, you may be
happy that these expensive scalpels exist.
A laser can do what a knife can’t: weld the retina back to the eyeball. No incision is required for this
delicate surgery, which can be performed right in the doctor’s office. The laser beam shines through the
lens of the patient’s eye and is focused on the retina, producing a small lesion that helps hold it to the
eyeball. Exotic as this sounds, a similar laser treatment has become a standard way of curing blindness
caused by diabetes.
Brenda Wegman and Miki P. Knezevicp.
A reading skills book. ThirdEdition. The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (with adaptations).
 
In text I,
 
“costs” is a singular for
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/978517
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Train (BANESE)/BANESE/Área I/2002
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
Text I
The range of uses for the laser is striking, going far beyond the original ideas of the scientists who
developed the first models.
The wide variety of lasers is also striking. At one end of the scale there are lasers made from tiny
semiconductor chips similar to those used in electronic circuits, no larger than grainsof salt. At the other
end, building-size laser weapons are being tested by the military.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/978516
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/978517
111) 
The tasks that lasers perform are usually difficult or impossible with any other tool. Lasers are relatively
expensive tools and are often brought in to do a job only because they can deliver the required type and
amount of energy to the desired spot. Charles H. Townes, one of the inventors of the laser and a Nobel
Prize winner, said recently that he believes the laser “is going to touch on a very great number of areas.
The laser will do almost anything. But it costs. That is the only limitation.”
A typical surgical laser, for example, costs from $ 30,000 to $ 50,000 and up, or about a thousand times
more than a good conventional scalpel. And to be honest, for many operations a scalpel may be better
than a laser. But if you have a detached retina, a condition that could lead to blindness, you may be
happy that these expensive scalpels exist.
A laser can do what a knife can’t: weld the retina back to the eyeball. No incision is required for this
delicate surgery, which can be performed right in the doctor’s office. The laser beam shines through the
lens of the patient’s eye and is focused on the retina, producing a small lesion that helps hold it to the
eyeball. Exotic as this sounds, a similar laser treatment has become a standard way of curing blindness
caused by diabetes.
Brenda Wegman and Miki P. Knezevicp.
A reading skills book. Third Edition. The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (with adaptations).
 
In text I,
 
“better” is the opposite of worst.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/58694
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Ana (BACEN)/BACEN/Pesquisa em Economia e
Finanças/2000
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Gramática (inglês)
A target rule: inflation targeting
A well-known approach, used in a number of industrialized countries (Canada, the United Kingdom, New
Zealand. Sweden, Australia, Finland, Spain and Israel, to name a few) is known as inflation targeting.
Rather than having some monetary quantity under the control of the authorities advance x percent per
year, the idea of inflation targeting is to move right to the ultimate goal of monetary policy, stable prices -
overall price levels should grow no more than y percent per year. Rather than having monetary
authorities operate in terms of a simple role, the authorities are simply told to get inflation down, one
way or another. In this sense, inflation targeting is a very different type of role. It gives very great
discretion to the monetary authorities to pursue one objective, and no ability to pursue any other
objective. While inflation targeting would seem to force central banks to become very specific about their
policies, in fact the actual inflation targeting strategies have been more flexible. They have usually
required the central bank to target between one and three percent inflation. They have also been defined
in terms of some version of the, underlying rate of inflation - the overall inflation rate less food and
energy prices, the impact of exchange rates, government taxes, and perhaps other clearly exogenous
prices. Moreover, the real world inflation targets that have been instituted usually give the central bank
an out, if this quarter it wants to worry about exchange rates, output gaps, or other economic goals.
Ben Bernanke and Frederic Mishkin. 1997 (with adaptations).
The quotation: "the real world inflation targets that have been instituted usually give the central bank an
out" can be correctly replaced by
The central bank is often given an out by the instituted real world inflation targets.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/58694
112) 
113) 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897116
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AAmb (IBAMA)/IBAMA/Gestão, Proteção e Controle da
Qualidade Ambiental/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
There’s growing evidence that people and the planet are increasingly impacted by extreme events.
According to the Fourth National Climate Assessment, published in 2018 by the U.S. Global Change
Research Program, “more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate-related events, as well as
changes in average climate conditions, are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems,
and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities.”
As the impacts of extreme events continue to mount, interest has grown in the scientific community to
study whether specific extreme events can be partially attributed to human activities. With the help of
climate models, scientists have conducted an impressive array of studies, looking for possible links
between human activities and extreme events such as heat waves, rainfall and flooding events, droughts,
storms, and wildfires. Increasingly, they’re able to draw robust connections.
Internet: <climate.nasa.gov> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
Certain extreme weather and climate-related events are happening more often and becoming more
intense.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897117
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AAmb (IBAMA)/IBAMA/Gestão, Proteção e Controle da
Qualidade Ambiental/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
There’s growing evidence that people and the planet are increasingly impacted by extreme events.
According to the Fourth National Climate Assessment, published in 2018 by the U.S. Global Change
Research Program, “more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate-related events, as well as
changes in average climate conditions, are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems,
and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities.”
As the impacts of extreme events continue to mount, interest has grown in the scientific community to
study whether specific extreme events can be partially attributed to human activities. With the help of
climate models, scientists have conducted an impressive array of studies, looking for possible links
between human activities and extreme events such as heat waves, rainfall and flooding events, droughts,
storms, and wildfires. Increasingly, they’re able to draw robust connections.
Internet: <climate.nasa.gov> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
The author points out human contributions as a noteworthy reason for the growing number of extreme
events.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897116
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897117
114) 
115) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897118
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AAmb (IBAMA)/IBAMA/Gestão, Proteção e Controle da
Qualidade Ambiental/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
There’s growing evidence that people and the planet are increasingly impacted by extreme events.
According to the Fourth National Climate Assessment, published in 2018 by the U.S. Global Change
Research Program, “more frequent and intense extreme weather and climate-related events, as well as
changes in average climate conditions, are expected to continue to damage infrastructure, ecosystems,
and social systems that provide essential benefits to communities.”
As the impacts of extreme events continue to mount, interest has grown in the scientific community to
study whether specific extremeevents can be partially attributed to human activities. With the help of
climate models, scientists have conducted an impressive array of studies, looking for possible links
between human activities and extreme events such as heat waves, rainfall and flooding events, droughts,
storms, and wildfires. Increasingly, they’re able to draw robust connections.
Internet: <climate.nasa.gov> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
Experts predict an abrupt change in climate conditions due to continually harmful human activities.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897120
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AAmb (IBAMA)/IBAMA/Gestão, Proteção e Controle da
Qualidade Ambiental/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The European Environment Agency (EEA) has published a new indicator that tracks findings of
pesticides in Europe’s rivers, lakes and groundwaters. The data, collected from EEA member countries
across Europe, shows the share of water bodies where excessive levels of pesticides have been recorded
from 2013 to 2019.
The new EEA indicator shows that levels of pesticides exceeding thresholds were measured in a quarter
of all reported monitoring sites in European surface waters in 2019. From 2013 to 2019, this share varied
between 13% and 30%. The share for groundwater with exceedances was considerably lower, at
between 3% and 7%.
In the EU, pesticides are regulated on the basis of high protection goals for human health and the
environment, with being authorised only after a comprehensive scientific risk assessment. Nevertheless,
pesticide contamination of surface waters and groundwater can still occur and could affect aquatic fauna
and flora.
Internet: <www.eea.europa.eu> (adapted).
 
According to the text above, judge the following item.
From 2013 to 2019, the percentage of sites in European surface waters whose levels of pesticides are
above the limits more than doubled.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897118
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897120
116) 
117) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897122
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AAmb (IBAMA)/IBAMA/Gestão, Proteção e Controle da
Qualidade Ambiental/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The European Environment Agency (EEA) has published a new indicator that tracks findings of
pesticides in Europe’s rivers, lakes and groundwaters. The data, collected from EEA member countries
across Europe, shows the share of water bodies where excessive levels of pesticides have been recorded
from 2013 to 2019.
The new EEA indicator shows that levels of pesticides exceeding thresholds were measured in a quarter
of all reported monitoring sites in European surface waters in 2019. From 2013 to 2019, this share varied
between 13% and 30%. The share for groundwater with exceedances was considerably lower, at
between 3% and 7%.
In the EU, pesticides are regulated on the basis of high protection goals for human health and the
environment, with being authorised only after a comprehensive scientific risk assessment. Nevertheless,
pesticide contamination of surface waters and groundwater can still occur and could affect aquatic fauna
and flora.
Internet: <www.eea.europa.eu> (adapted).
 
According to the text above, judge the following item.
 
Contamination by pesticides in European waters is less likely to occur than in other places in the world
due to strict control policies.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935028
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1897122
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935028
118) 
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
There are three fake Old West towns in the province of Almería, in Spain.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935029
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horsedrags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935029
119) 
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
In the fifth paragraph, the word “stuntman” means a man who performs a dangerous action which needs
to be done by someone skilled, especially instead of an actor in a film or television programme.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935030
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935030
120) 
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
According to the text, the actors of the small community in Tabernas avoid being like their movie heroes.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935031
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935031
121) 
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet:<www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
In the fragment ‘The good guy only has to keep things in order’, the word ‘has’ could be correctly
replaced with must, without changing the meaning of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935032
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935032
122) 
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
According to the text, the Almería’s actors have already played in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California,
and endless other natural settings.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935033
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935033
123) 
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
In the sentence “In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold”, the
fragment “absconds with” could be correctly replaced with keeps, without changing the meaning of the
text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935034
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role inmovies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935034
124) 
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
The fragment “Fernández started his career as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade
ago” can be correctly rewritten as A decade ago, Fernández started his career as a cowboy and
then he completed a stuntman course, without changing the meaning of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935035
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935035
125) 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
It can be inferred from the text that many different productions were made in Almería because its
landscapes are very convenient and diversified.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935036
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serveas
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
Rafael Molina owns one of the most famous film sets in the history of Western movies.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935036
126) 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935037
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
The worn wooden floorboards squeak under Rafael Molina’s heavy steps as he paces the saloon.
Outside, the sound of galloping horses breaks the silence of the surrounding desert. All around him, the
Old West town’s empty shops and abandoned houses look as if they have just been ransacked by cowboy
bandits.
“When I was a kid, I could only dream about all this,” says the 68-year-old former actor and stuntman.
“My aspiration was to see a film set firsthand. Today I own one of the most famous ones in the history of
Western movies.”
But this busy movie site is located in Spain — not Montana or Texas. It’s one of three faux Old Western
towns inthe small village of Tabernas and the surrounding desert of the Almería province. Since the late
1950s, these rugged mountains, arid plains, and dry canyons have provided the backdrops for more than
170 movie Westerns, including The Good, The Bad and The Ugly (1966) and Once Upon a Time in
The West (1968).
Molina belongs to a small community of local cowboy actors and stuntmen in Tabernas who have played
a role in movies and TV shows since the first productions in the 1950s. They can perform anything from
fistfights to horse drags. Knowledge and skills often pass from father to son, keeping tricks of the trade
in the family. Steeped in the golden era of Westerns, these actors embody the values of their movie
heroes: pride, bravado, freedom, and a trusting relationship with horses.
“I’ve always liked horses and the [U.S.] West,” says 29- year-old Ricardo Cruz Fernández, a stuntman and
cowboy who appeared in recent productions including Game of Thrones. Fernández started his career
as a cowboy after completing a stuntman course a decade ago.
Between productions, he performs daily shows at Fort Bravo for thousands of tourists who visit the set
each year. In one show, Fernández portrays a bank robber who absconds with some gold. Visitors
encounter him in the saloon, fist and (fake) gun fighting with actors playing his double-crossing
accomplices. The town also offers cancan dance shows and set tours by horsedrawn wagon.
“I prefer to play the bad guy, because it gives me a wider range of possibilities,” says Fernández. “The
good guy only has to keep things in order.”
Almería has hosted more than 500 productions, including blockbuster films (Patton, Terminator: Dark
Fate) and TV shows (Doctor Who). “Our landscapes are very convenient. We have sea, desert, and
snowy mountains all within a short distance,” says local producer Plácido Martínez. “We can serve as
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, and endless other natural settings.”
Matteo Fagotto. The Wild West lives on in southern
Spain. In: National Geographic. Internet: <www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).
 
Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the followin item.
 
According to the text, in Spain there are villages that were very important cities during the time of the
American Wild West.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935037
127) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935038
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In a world where many of us are glued to our smartphones, Dulcie Cowling is something of an
anomaly — she has ditched hers. The 36-year-old decided at the end of last year that getting rid of her
handset would improve her mental health. So, over Christmas she told her family and friends that she
was switching to an old Nokia phone that could only make and receive calls and text messages.
She recalls that one of the pivotal moments that led to her decision was a day at the park with her two
boys, aged six and three: “I was on my mobile at a playground with the kids and I looked up and every
single parent — there was up to 20 — were looking at their phones, just scrolling away,” she says.
“I thought ‘when did this happen?’. Everyone is missing out on real life. I don’t think you get to your
death bed and think you should have spent more time on Twitter, or reading articles online.”
Ms Cowling, who is a creative director at London-based advertising agency Hell Yeah!, adds that the idea
to abandon her smartphone had built up during the covid-19 lockdowns.
“I thought about how much of my life is spent looking at the phone and what else could I do. Being
constantly connected to lots of services creates a lot of distractions, and is a lot for the brain to process.”
She plans to use the time gained from quitting her smartphone to read and sleep more.
About nine out of 10 people in the UK now own a smartphone, a figure broadly replicated across the
developed world. And we are glued to them — one recent study found that the average person spends
4.8 hours a day on their handset.
Yet for a small, but growing number of people, enough is enough.
Alex Dunedin binned his smartphone two years ago. “Culturally we have become addicted to these tools,”
says the educational researcher and technology expert. “They are blunting cognition and impeding
productivity.”
He has become happier and more productive since he stopped using a smartphone, he says.
Mr Dunedin doesn’t even have an old-fashioned mobile phone or even a landline anymore. He is instead
only electronically contactable via emails to his home computer.
“It has improved my life,” he says. “My thoughts are freed up from constantly being cognitively
connected to a machine that I need to feed with energy and money. I think that the danger of
technologies is that they are emptying our lives.”
Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are
a godsend.
“More than ever, access to healthcare, education, social services and often to our friends and family is
digital, and the smartphone is an essential lifeline for people,” says a spokesperson for UK mobile
network Vodafone.
“We also create resources to help people get the most from their tech, as well as to stay safe when
they’re online — that’s hugely important.”
Suzanne Bearne.
The people deciding to ditch their smartphones. Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935038
128) 
Considering the previous text, judge the following item.
According to the text, handsets are essential for people because sometimes healthcare, education and
social services are offered only through smartphones.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935041
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In a world where many of us are glued to our smartphones, Dulcie Cowling is something of an
anomaly — she has ditched hers. The 36-year-old decided at the end of last year that getting rid of her
handset would improve her mental health. So, over Christmas she told her family and friends that she
was switching to an old Nokia phone that could only make and receive calls and text messages.
She recalls that one of the pivotal moments that led to her decision was a day at the park with her two
boys, aged six and three: “I was on my mobile at a playground with the kids and I looked up and every
single parent — there was up to 20 — were looking at their phones, just scrolling away,” she says.
“I thought ‘when did this happen?’. Everyone is missing out on real life. I don’t thinkyou get to your
death bed and think you should have spent more time on Twitter, or reading articles online.”
Ms Cowling, who is a creative director at London-based advertising agency Hell Yeah!, adds that the idea
to abandon her smartphone had built up during the covid-19 lockdowns.
“I thought about how much of my life is spent looking at the phone and what else could I do. Being
constantly connected to lots of services creates a lot of distractions, and is a lot for the brain to process.”
She plans to use the time gained from quitting her smartphone to read and sleep more.
About nine out of 10 people in the UK now own a smartphone, a figure broadly replicated across the
developed world. And we are glued to them — one recent study found that the average person spends
4.8 hours a day on their handset.
Yet for a small, but growing number of people, enough is enough.
Alex Dunedin binned his smartphone two years ago. “Culturally we have become addicted to these tools,”
says the educational researcher and technology expert. “They are blunting cognition and impeding
productivity.”
He has become happier and more productive since he stopped using a smartphone, he says.
Mr Dunedin doesn’t even have an old-fashioned mobile phone or even a landline anymore. He is instead
only electronically contactable via emails to his home computer.
“It has improved my life,” he says. “My thoughts are freed up from constantly being cognitively
connected to a machine that I need to feed with energy and money. I think that the danger of
technologies is that they are emptying our lives.”
Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are
a godsend.
“More than ever, access to healthcare, education, social services and often to our friends and family is
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935041
129) 
digital, and the smartphone is an essential lifeline for people,” says a spokesperson for UK mobile
network Vodafone.
“We also create resources to help people get the most from their tech, as well as to stay safe when
they’re online — that’s hugely important.”
Suzanne Bearne.
The people deciding to ditch their smartphones. Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the previous text, judge the following item.
 
People who are giving up on their mobile devices believe they were spending too much time with being
connected and they were missing their real lives because of that.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935042
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In a world where many of us are glued to our smartphones, Dulcie Cowling is something of an
anomaly — she has ditched hers. The 36-year-old decided at the end of last year that getting rid of her
handset would improve her mental health. So, over Christmas she told her family and friends that she
was switching to an old Nokia phone that could only make and receive calls and text messages.
She recalls that one of the pivotal moments that led to her decision was a day at the park with her two
boys, aged six and three: “I was on my mobile at a playground with the kids and I looked up and every
single parent — there was up to 20 — were looking at their phones, just scrolling away,” she says.
“I thought ‘when did this happen?’. Everyone is missing out on real life. I don’t think you get to your
death bed and think you should have spent more time on Twitter, or reading articles online.”
Ms Cowling, who is a creative director at London-based advertising agency Hell Yeah!, adds that the idea
to abandon her smartphone had built up during the covid-19 lockdowns.
“I thought about how much of my life is spent looking at the phone and what else could I do. Being
constantly connected to lots of services creates a lot of distractions, and is a lot for the brain to process.”
She plans to use the time gained from quitting her smartphone to read and sleep more.
About nine out of 10 people in the UK now own a smartphone, a figure broadly replicated across the
developed world. And we are glued to them — one recent study found that the average person spends
4.8 hours a day on their handset.
Yet for a small, but growing number of people, enough is enough.
Alex Dunedin binned his smartphone two years ago. “Culturally we have become addicted to these tools,”
says the educational researcher and technology expert. “They are blunting cognition and impeding
productivity.”
He has become happier and more productive since he stopped using a smartphone, he says.
Mr Dunedin doesn’t even have an old-fashioned mobile phone or even a landline anymore. He is instead
only electronically contactable via emails to his home computer.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935042
130) 
“It has improved my life,” he says. “My thoughts are freed up from constantly being cognitively
connected to a machine that I need to feed with energy and money. I think that the danger of
technologies is that they are emptying our lives.”
Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are
a godsend.
“More than ever, access to healthcare, education, social services and often to our friends and family is
digital, and the smartphone is an essential lifeline for people,” says a spokesperson for UK mobile
network Vodafone.
“We also create resources to help people get the most from their tech, as well as to stay safe when
they’re online — that’s hugely important.”
Suzanne Bearne.
The people deciding to ditch their smartphones. Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the previous text, judge the following item.
 
It was when Dulcie Cowling was in the park with her two kids that she took her decision to ditch her
smartphone and then she told her family and friends about it after Christmas.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935043
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In a world where many of us are glued to our smartphones, Dulcie Cowling is something of an
anomaly — she has ditched hers. The 36-year-old decided at the end of last year that getting rid of her
handset would improve her mental health. So, over Christmas she told her family and friends that she
was switching to an old Nokia phone that could only make and receive calls and text messages.
She recalls that one of the pivotal moments that led to her decision was a day at the park with her two
boys, aged six and three: “I was on my mobile at a playground with the kids and I looked up and every
single parent — there was up to 20 — were looking at their phones, just scrolling away,” she says.
“I thought ‘when did this happen?’. Everyone is missing out on real life. I don’t think you get to your
death bed and think you should have spent more time on Twitter, or reading articles online.”
Ms Cowling, who is a creative director at London-based advertising agency Hell Yeah!, adds that the idea
to abandon her smartphone had built up during the covid-19 lockdowns.
“I thought about how much of my life is spent looking at the phone and what else could I do. Being
constantly connected to lots of services creates a lot of distractions, and is a lot for the brain to process.”
She plans to use the time gained from quitting her smartphone to read and sleep more.
About nine out of 10 people in the UK now own a smartphone, a figure broadly replicated across the
developed world. And we are glued to them — one recent study found that the average person spends
4.8 hours a day on their handset.
Yet for a small, but growing number of people, enough is enough.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935043
131) 
Alex Dunedin binned his smartphone two years ago. “Culturally we have become addicted to these tools,”
says the educational researcher and technology expert. “They are blunting cognition and impeding
productivity.”
Hehas become happier and more productive since he stopped using a smartphone, he says.
Mr Dunedin doesn’t even have an old-fashioned mobile phone or even a landline anymore. He is instead
only electronically contactable via emails to his home computer.
“It has improved my life,” he says. “My thoughts are freed up from constantly being cognitively
connected to a machine that I need to feed with energy and money. I think that the danger of
technologies is that they are emptying our lives.”
Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are
a godsend.
“More than ever, access to healthcare, education, social services and often to our friends and family is
digital, and the smartphone is an essential lifeline for people,” says a spokesperson for UK mobile
network Vodafone.
“We also create resources to help people get the most from their tech, as well as to stay safe when
they’re online — that’s hugely important.”
Suzanne Bearne.
The people deciding to ditch their smartphones. Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the previous text, judge the following item.
 
In the sentence ‘They are blunting cognition and impeding productivity’ (ninth paragraph), the pronoun
‘They’ refers to the “nine out of 10 people in the UK who own a smartphone” (seventh paragraph).
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935044
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In a world where many of us are glued to our smartphones, Dulcie Cowling is something of an
anomaly — she has ditched hers. The 36-year-old decided at the end of last year that getting rid of her
handset would improve her mental health. So, over Christmas she told her family and friends that she
was switching to an old Nokia phone that could only make and receive calls and text messages.
She recalls that one of the pivotal moments that led to her decision was a day at the park with her two
boys, aged six and three: “I was on my mobile at a playground with the kids and I looked up and every
single parent — there was up to 20 — were looking at their phones, just scrolling away,” she says.
“I thought ‘when did this happen?’. Everyone is missing out on real life. I don’t think you get to your
death bed and think you should have spent more time on Twitter, or reading articles online.”
Ms Cowling, who is a creative director at London-based advertising agency Hell Yeah!, adds that the idea
to abandon her smartphone had built up during the covid-19 lockdowns.
“I thought about how much of my life is spent looking at the phone and what else could I do. Being
constantly connected to lots of services creates a lot of distractions, and is a lot for the brain to process.”
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935044
132) 
She plans to use the time gained from quitting her smartphone to read and sleep more.
About nine out of 10 people in the UK now own a smartphone, a figure broadly replicated across the
developed world. And we are glued to them — one recent study found that the average person spends
4.8 hours a day on their handset.
Yet for a small, but growing number of people, enough is enough.
Alex Dunedin binned his smartphone two years ago. “Culturally we have become addicted to these tools,”
says the educational researcher and technology expert. “They are blunting cognition and impeding
productivity.”
He has become happier and more productive since he stopped using a smartphone, he says.
Mr Dunedin doesn’t even have an old-fashioned mobile phone or even a landline anymore. He is instead
only electronically contactable via emails to his home computer.
“It has improved my life,” he says. “My thoughts are freed up from constantly being cognitively
connected to a machine that I need to feed with energy and money. I think that the danger of
technologies is that they are emptying our lives.”
Yet, while some worry about how much time they spend on their handset, for millions of others they are
a godsend.
“More than ever, access to healthcare, education, social services and often to our friends and family is
digital, and the smartphone is an essential lifeline for people,” says a spokesperson for UK mobile
network Vodafone.
“We also create resources to help people get the most from their tech, as well as to stay safe when
they’re online — that’s hugely important.”
Suzanne Bearne.
The people deciding to ditch their smartphones. Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the previous text, judge the following item.
 
Although there is a movement of people ditching their smartphones in order to have what they think is a
better life quality, millions believe digital technology is essential to everyone’s lives.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935046
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun — a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere.
Mars is also a dynamic planet with seasons, polar ice caps, canyons, extinct volcanoes, and evidence that
it was even more active in the past.
 
No other planet has captured our collective imagination quite like Mars.
In the late 1800s when people first observed the canal-like features on Mars’ surface, many speculated
that an intelligent alien species resided there. This led to numerous stories about Martians, some of
whom invade Earth, like in the 1938 radio drama, The War of the Worlds. According to an enduring
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935046
133) 
134) 
urban legend, many listeners believed the story to be real news coverage of an invasion, causing
widespread panic.
Countless stories since have taken place on Mars or explored the possibilities of its Martian inhabitants.
Movies like Total Recall (1990 and 2012) take us to a terraformed Mars and a struggling colony running
out of air. A Martian colony and Earth have a prickly relationship in The Expanse television series and
novels.
Internet: <www.solarsystem.nasa.gov> (adapted).
 
Judge the followin item, based on the previous text.
 
The War of the Worlds was a radio drama that told the real story of an invasion from Mars, panicking
countless people.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935047
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - PPNS (PETROBRAS)/PETROBRAS/Administração/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun — a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere.
Mars is also a dynamic planet with seasons, polar ice caps, canyons, extinct volcanoes, and evidence that
it was even more active in the past.
 
No other planet has captured our collective imagination quite like Mars.
In the late 1800s when people first observed the canal-like features on Mars’ surface, many speculated
that an intelligent alien species resided there. This led to numerous stories about Martians, some of
whom invade Earth, like in the 1938 radio drama, The War of the Worlds. According to an enduring
urban legend, many listeners believed the story to be real news coverage of an invasion, causing
widespread panic.
Countless stories since have taken place on Mars or explored the possibilities of its Martian inhabitants.
Movies like Total Recall (1990 and 2012) take us to a terraformed Mars and a struggling colony running
out of air. A Martian colony and Earth have a prickly relationship in The Expanse television series and
novels.
Internet: <www.solarsystem.nasa.gov> (adapted).
 
Judge the followin item, based on the previous text.
 
According to the text, the speculations about extraterrestrial life started in the late 1800s due to canal-
like features observed on Mars.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937750
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AFCE (TCE-SC)/TCE SC/Ciências da Computação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
During a ransomware hack, attackersinfiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data.
They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of
extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1935047
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937750
135) 
local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and
solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
 
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity
experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would
disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a
hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for
patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
 
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will
contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example,
certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat”
hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for
specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have
experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require
legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report
having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
 
Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
It can be inferred from the text that ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to block access
to a computer system until a sum of money is paid.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937751
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AFCE (TCE-SC)/TCE SC/Ciências da Computação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data.
They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of
extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding
local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and
solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
 
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity
experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would
disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a
hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for
patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
 
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will
contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example,
certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat”
hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for
specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have
experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require
legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report
having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
 
Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937751
136) 
137) 
 
The text says that, in order to avoid bad press, companies should be required by law to report having
paid ransom.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937752
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AFCE (TCE-SC)/TCE SC/Ciências da Computação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data.
They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of
extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding
local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and
solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
 
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity
experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would
disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a
hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for
patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
 
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will
contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example,
certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat”
hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for
specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have
experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require
legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report
having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
 
Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
The author of the text claims that the solution to ransomware is to stop paying ransoms.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937753
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AFCE (TCE-SC)/TCE SC/Ciências da Computação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data.
They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of
extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding
local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and
solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
 
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity
experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would
disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a
hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for
patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937752
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937753
138) 
 
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will
contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example,
certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat”
hackers canand do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for
specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have
experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require
legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report
having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
 
Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
It can be concluded from the text that the quickest option for hospitals being under attack of
ransomware would be to pay more than the amount the attackers demand.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937754
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AFCE (TCE-SC)/TCE SC/Ciências da Computação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data.
They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of
extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding
local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and
solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
 
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity
experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would
disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a
hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for
patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
 
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will
contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example,
certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat”
hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for
specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have
experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require
legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report
having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
 
Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).
In the second paragraph of the text,
 
the word “quandary” could be correctly replaced by dilemma without any change in the meaning of the
sentence.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937754
139) 
140) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937755
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - AFCE (TCE-SC)/TCE SC/Ciências da Computação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data.
They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of
extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding
local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and
solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
 
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity
experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would
disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a
hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for
patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
 
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will
contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example,
certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat”
hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for
specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have
experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require
legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report
having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
 
Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).
In the second paragraph of the text,
 
the word “disincentivize” could be correctly replaced by deter without any change in the meaning of the
sentence.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943736
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
 
On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his third and last will at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in
Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden
and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize. His family
opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he
had requested in his will. It was five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901.
In this excerpt of the will, Alfred Nobel dictates that his entire remaining estate should be used to endow
“prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1937755
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943736
141) 
“All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe
securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as
prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The
interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made
the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the
most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most
important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field
of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person
who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of
standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and
chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical
achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm;
and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian
Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality,
but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.”
Alfred Nobel’s will. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Internet: <www.nobelprize.org> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
According to the text, the first Nobel Prize was awarded five years after Nobel’s death because his family
was ashamed of his will.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943737
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
 
OnNovember 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his third and last will at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in
Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden
and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize. His family
opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he
had requested in his will. It was five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901.
In this excerpt of the will, Alfred Nobel dictates that his entire remaining estate should be used to endow
“prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”.
“All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe
securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as
prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The
interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made
the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the
most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most
important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943737
142) 
of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person
who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of
standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and
chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical
achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm;
and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian
Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality,
but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.”
Alfred Nobel’s will. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Internet: <www.nobelprize.org> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
According to Alfred Nobel’s will, only the worthiest Scandinavian person could be awarded.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943740
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
 
On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his third and last will at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in
Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden
and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize. His family
opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he
had requested in his will. It was five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901.
In this excerpt of the will, Alfred Nobel dictates that his entire remaining estate should be used to endow
“prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”.
“All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe
securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as
prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The
interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made
the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the
most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most
important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field
of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person
who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of
standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and
chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical
achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm;
and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian
Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality,
but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.”
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943740
143) 
Alfred Nobel’s will. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Internet: <www.nobelprize.org> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
Nobel detailed six categories to receive the award: physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature
and peace.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943742
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
 
On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his third and last will at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in
Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden
and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize. His family
opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he
had requested in his will. It was five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901.
In this excerpt of the will, Alfred Nobel dictates that his entire remaining estate should be used to endow
“prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”.
“All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe
securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as
prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The
interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made
the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the
most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most
important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field
of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person
who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of
standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and
chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical
achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm;
and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian
Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality,
but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.”
Alfred Nobel’s will. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Internet: <www.nobelprize.org> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
Alfred Nobel died on November 27, 1895, in Paris.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943742
144) 
145) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943743
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
 
On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his third and last will at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in
Paris. When it was opened and read after his death, the will caused a lot of controversy both in Sweden
and internationally, as Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize. His family
opposed the establishment of the Nobel Prize, and the prize awarders he named refused to do what he
had requested in his will. It was five years before the first Nobel Prize could be awarded in 1901.
In this excerpt of the will, Alfred Nobel dictates that his entire remaining estate should be used to endow
“prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”.
“All of my remaining realisable assets are to be disbursed as follows: the capital, converted to safe
securities by my executors, is to constitute a fund, the interest on which is to be distributed annually as
prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. The
interest is to be divided into five equal parts and distributed as follows: one part to the person who made
the most important discovery or invention in the field of physics; one part to the person who made the
most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who made the most
important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who, in the field
of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction; and one part to the person
who has done the most or best to advance fellowship among nations, the abolition or reduction of
standing armies, and the establishment and promotion of peace congresses. The prizes for physics and
chemistry are to be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical
achievements by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm;
and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be selected by the Norwegian
Storting. It is my express wish that when awarding the prizes, no consideration be given to nationality,
but that the prize be awarded to the worthiest person, whether or not they are Scandinavian.”
Alfred Nobel’s will. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Internet: <www.nobelprize.org> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
In the excerpt “Nobel had left much of his wealth for the establishment of a prize” (first paragraph), the
word “wealth” has the same meaning as fortune.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943747
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943743
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943747
146) 
Redu, Belgium — Nearly 40 years ago, books saved this village.
The community was shrinking fast. Farming jobs had disappeared and families were moving away from
this pastoral patch of French-speaking Belgium. But in the mid-1980s, a band of booksellers moved into
the empty barns and transformed the place into a literary lodestone. The village of about 400 became
home to more than two dozen bookstores — more shops than cows, its boosters liked to say — and
thousands of tourists thronged the winsome streets.
Now, though, more than half the bookstores have closed. Some of the storekeepers died, others left
when they could no longer make a living. Many who remain are in their 70s and aren’t sure what’ll
happen after they’re gone.
It’s not just the businesses at risk. It’s Redu’s identity.
Reis Thebault. This village was a book capital. What happens when people stop buying so many books? In: The
Washington Post. Internet: <www.washingtonpost.com> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
 
About 40 years ago, Redu was being abandoned by families because farming jobs had disappeared.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943749
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Vest (UnB)/UnB/Regular/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
Redu, Belgium — Nearly 40 years ago, books saved this village.
The community was shrinking fast. Farming jobs had disappeared and families were moving away from
this pastoral patch of French-speaking Belgium. But in the mid-1980s, a band of booksellers moved into
the empty barns and transformed the place into a literary lodestone. The village of about 400 became
home to more than two dozen bookstores — more shops than cows, its boosters liked to say — and
thousands of tourists thronged the winsome streets.
Now, though, more than half the bookstores have closed. Some of the storekeepers died, others left
when they could no longer make a living. Many who remain are in their 70s and aren’t sure what’ll
happen after they’re gone.
It’s not just the businesses at risk. It’s Redu’s identity.
Reis Thebault. This village was a book capital. What happens when people stop buying so many books? In: The
Washington Post. Internet: <www.washingtonpost.com> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
 
It can be inferred from the sentence “The village of about 400 became home to more than two dozen
bookstores — more shops than cows, its boosters liked to say — and thousands of tourists thronged the
winsome streets” (second paragraph) that the bookstores made the village more attractive to tourists.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943749
147) 
148) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943751
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Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
Redu, Belgium — Nearly 40 years ago, books saved this village.
The community was shrinking fast. Farming jobs had disappeared and families were moving away from
this pastoral patch of French-speaking Belgium. But in the mid-1980s, a band of booksellers moved into
the empty barns and transformed the place into a literary lodestone. The village of about 400 became
home to more than two dozen bookstores — more shops than cows, its boosters liked to say — and
thousands of tourists thronged the winsome streets.
Now, though, more than half the bookstores have closed. Some of the storekeepers died, others left
when they could no longer make a living. Many who remain are in their 70s and aren’t sure what’ll
happen after they’re gone.
It’s not just the businesses at risk. It’s Redu’s identity.
Reis Thebault. This village was a book capital. What happens when people stop buying so many books? In: The
Washington Post. Internet: <www.washingtonpost.com> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
 
It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the text that not only are the bookselling businesses in Redu
at risk, but so is its own identity.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943757
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Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
Redu, Belgium — Nearly 40 years ago, books saved this village.
The community was shrinking fast. Farming jobs had disappeared and families were moving away from
this pastoral patch of French-speaking Belgium. But in the mid-1980s, a band of booksellers moved into
the empty barns and transformed the place into a literary lodestone. The village of about 400 became
home to more than two dozen bookstores — more shops than cows, its boosters liked to say — and
thousands of tourists thronged the winsome streets.
Now, though, more than half the bookstores have closed. Some of the storekeepers died, others left
when they could no longer make a living. Many who remain are in their 70s and aren’t sure what’ll
happen after they’re gone.
It’s not just the businesses at risk. It’s Redu’s identity.
Reis Thebault. This village was a book capital. What happens when people stop buying so many books? In: The
WashingtonPost. Internet: <www.washingtonpost.com> (adapted).
 
Judge the following item according to the previous text.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943751
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943757
149) 
150) 
Before becoming a tourist attraction due to the books, Redu was a farming village, and its community
was increasing each day.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943765
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Text
 
Chile’s Atacama Desert is known for its beauty, wildlife, starry night skies and amazing hot air balloon
rides. Now it’s also becoming infamous for its dunes of discarded fast fashion.
Up to 59,000 tons of unsold clothes make their way from the U.S. and Europe to the Iquique Port in
Northern Chile’s Atacama Desert every year, according to an Aljazeera estimate. The idea is to sell the
clothes in Latin America. But only about 20,000 tons of the clothes leave Chile. What’s left in the Zona
Franca de Iquique, or tax-free import zone, winds up piled up in illegal desert landfills or burned.
Clothing takes hundreds of years to biodegrade, if it ever does at all. Many municipal landfills won’t take
textiles because chemicals they contain seep into the ground and cause problems.
Some of the other problems with fast fashion — child labor, terrible working conditions and outrageous
water consumption — were already common knowledge among people who care about such things.
But the idea of piles of cheap, vibrantly colored clothing journeying from China to the U.S. and then to an
enormous desert in South America is mind-bogglingly bizarre and wrong. One recycling project, Ecofibra
Chile, is working with importers to remove textile waste and transform it into thermal insulation panels.
Other local groups are trying to get funds to address the problem of discarded clothing with heavy
machinery to remove the clothes and recover public spaces, starting with areas closest to cities. Of
course, there will still be the problem of where to relocate all those hoodies and dresses.
Teresa Bergen. Fast fashion stacks up in Chile’s Atacama Desert. Internet: <www.inhabitat.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
The expression “won’t take” (third paragraph) could be correctly replaced with will not take.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943769
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Text
 
Chile’s Atacama Desert is known for its beauty, wildlife, starry night skies and amazing hot air balloon
rides. Now it’s also becoming infamous for its dunes of discarded fast fashion.
Up to 59,000 tons of unsold clothes make their way from the U.S. and Europe to the Iquique Port in
Northern Chile’s Atacama Desert every year, according to an Aljazeera estimate. The idea is to sell the
clothes in Latin America. But only about 20,000 tons of the clothes leave Chile. What’s left in the Zona
Franca de Iquique, or tax-free import zone, winds up piled up in illegal desert landfills or burned.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943765
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943769
151) 
Clothing takes hundreds of years to biodegrade, if it ever does at all. Many municipal landfills won’t take
textiles because chemicals they contain seep into the ground and cause problems.
Some of the other problems with fast fashion — child labor, terrible working conditions and outrageous
water consumption — were already common knowledge among people who care about such things.
But the idea of piles of cheap, vibrantly colored clothing journeying from China to the U.S. and then to an
enormous desert in South America is mind-bogglingly bizarre and wrong. One recycling project, Ecofibra
Chile, is working with importers to remove textile waste and transform it into thermal insulation panels.
Other local groups are trying to get funds to address the problem of discarded clothing with heavy
machinery to remove the clothes and recover public spaces, starting with areas closest to cities. Of
course, there will still be the problem of where to relocate all those hoodies and dresses.
Teresa Bergen. Fast fashion stacks up in Chile’s Atacama Desert. Internet: <www.inhabitat.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
People who care about the environment are already aware of other fast fashion problems like child labor,
terrible working conditions and outrageous water consumption.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943772
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Text
 
Chile’s Atacama Desert is known for its beauty, wildlife, starry night skies and amazing hot air balloon
rides. Now it’s also becoming infamous for its dunes of discarded fast fashion.
Up to 59,000 tons of unsold clothes make their way from the U.S. and Europe to the Iquique Port in
Northern Chile’s Atacama Desert every year, according to an Aljazeera estimate. The idea is to sell the
clothes in Latin America. But only about 20,000 tons of the clothes leave Chile. What’s left in the Zona
Franca de Iquique, or tax-free import zone, winds up piled up in illegal desert landfills or burned.
Clothing takes hundreds of years to biodegrade, if it ever does at all. Many municipal landfills won’t take
textiles because chemicals they contain seep into the ground and cause problems.
Some of the other problems with fast fashion — child labor, terrible working conditions and outrageous
water consumption — were already common knowledge among people who care about such things.
But the idea of piles of cheap, vibrantly colored clothing journeying from China to the U.S. and then to an
enormous desert in South America is mind-bogglingly bizarre and wrong. One recycling project, Ecofibra
Chile, is working with importers to remove textile waste and transform it into thermal insulation panels.
Other local groups are trying to get funds to address the problem of discarded clothing with heavy
machinery to remove the clothes and recover public spaces, starting with areas closest to cities. Of
course, there will still be the problem of where to relocate all those hoodies and dresses.
Teresa Bergen. Fast fashion stacks up in Chile’s Atacama Desert. Internet: <www.inhabitat.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, it is certain that all sorts of clothing biodegrade in hundreds of years.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943772
152) 
153) 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943777
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Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Text
 
Chile’s Atacama Desert is known for its beauty, wildlife, starry night skies and amazing hot air balloon
rides. Now it’s also becoming infamous for its dunes of discarded fast fashion.
Up to 59,000 tons of unsold clothes make their way from the U.S. and Europe to the Iquique Port in
Northern Chile’s Atacama Desert every year, according to an Aljazeera estimate. The idea is to sell the
clothes in Latin America. But only about 20,000 tons of the clothes leave Chile. What’s left in the Zona
Franca de Iquique, or tax-free import zone, winds up piled up in illegal desert landfills or burned.
Clothing takes hundreds of years to biodegrade, if it ever does at all. Many municipal landfills won’t take
textiles because chemicals they contain seep into the ground and cause problems.
Some of the other problems with fast fashion — child labor, terrible working conditions and outrageous
water consumption — were already common knowledge among people who care about such things.
But the idea of piles of cheap, vibrantly colored clothing journeying from China to the U.S. and then to an
enormous desert in South America is mind-bogglingly bizarre and wrong. One recycling project, Ecofibra
Chile, isworking with importers to remove textile waste and transform it into thermal insulation panels.
Other local groups are trying to get funds to address the problem of discarded clothing with heavy
machinery to remove the clothes and recover public spaces, starting with areas closest to cities. Of
course, there will still be the problem of where to relocate all those hoodies and dresses.
Teresa Bergen. Fast fashion stacks up in Chile’s Atacama Desert. Internet: <www.inhabitat.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
It can be inferred from the text that piles of clothing are made in China, then they follow to the U.S., and
eventually they are sent to Chile.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943781
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Text
 
Kangaroos possess powerful hind legs, a long, strong tail, and small front legs. Thanks to their large feet,
kangaroos can leap some 9 meters in a single bound, and travel more than 48 kilometers per hour.
Kangaroos use their strong tails for balance while jumping. They are the tallest of all marsupials,
standing over 2 meters tall.
Kangaroos live in Eastern Australia. They live in small groups called troops or herds, typically made up of
50 or more animals. If threatened, kangaroos pound the ground with their strong feet in warning.
Fighting kangaroos kick opponents, and sometimes bite.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943777
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943781
154) 
155) 
Female kangaroos sport a pouch on their belly, made by a fold in the skin, to cradle baby kangaroos
called joeys. Newborn joeys are just 2.5 centimeters long at birth, or about the size of a grape. After
birth, joeys travel, unassisted, through their mom’s thick fur to the comfort and safety of the pouch. A
newborn joey can’t suckle or swallow, so the kangaroo mom uses her muscles to pump milk down its
throat. At around 4 months, the joey emerges from the pouch for short trips and to graze on grass and
small shrubs. At 10 months, the joey is mature enough to leave the pouch for good.
Internet: <kids.nationalgeographic.com>.
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
It can be inferred from the sentence “If threatened, kangaroos pound the ground with their strong feet in
warning” (second paragraph) that kangaroos warn others by hitting the ground with their strong feet.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943782
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Text
 
Kangaroos possess powerful hind legs, a long, strong tail, and small front legs. Thanks to their large feet,
kangaroos can leap some 9 meters in a single bound, and travel more than 48 kilometers per hour.
Kangaroos use their strong tails for balance while jumping. They are the tallest of all marsupials,
standing over 2 meters tall.
Kangaroos live in Eastern Australia. They live in small groups called troops or herds, typically made up of
50 or more animals. If threatened, kangaroos pound the ground with their strong feet in warning.
Fighting kangaroos kick opponents, and sometimes bite.
Female kangaroos sport a pouch on their belly, made by a fold in the skin, to cradle baby kangaroos
called joeys. Newborn joeys are just 2.5 centimeters long at birth, or about the size of a grape. After
birth, joeys travel, unassisted, through their mom’s thick fur to the comfort and safety of the pouch. A
newborn joey can’t suckle or swallow, so the kangaroo mom uses her muscles to pump milk down its
throat. At around 4 months, the joey emerges from the pouch for short trips and to graze on grass and
small shrubs. At 10 months, the joey is mature enough to leave the pouch for good.
Internet: <kids.nationalgeographic.com>.
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
Kangaroos have large feet, which allows them to travel more than 48 kilometers per hour.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943783
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Text
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943782
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943783
156) 
Kangaroos possess powerful hind legs, a long, strong tail, and small front legs. Thanks to their large feet,
kangaroos can leap some 9 meters in a single bound, and travel more than 48 kilometers per hour.
Kangaroos use their strong tails for balance while jumping. They are the tallest of all marsupials,
standing over 2 meters tall.
Kangaroos live in Eastern Australia. They live in small groups called troops or herds, typically made up of
50 or more animals. If threatened, kangaroos pound the ground with their strong feet in warning.
Fighting kangaroos kick opponents, and sometimes bite.
Female kangaroos sport a pouch on their belly, made by a fold in the skin, to cradle baby kangaroos
called joeys. Newborn joeys are just 2.5 centimeters long at birth, or about the size of a grape. After
birth, joeys travel, unassisted, through their mom’s thick fur to the comfort and safety of the pouch. A
newborn joey can’t suckle or swallow, so the kangaroo mom uses her muscles to pump milk down its
throat. At around 4 months, the joey emerges from the pouch for short trips and to graze on grass and
small shrubs. At 10 months, the joey is mature enough to leave the pouch for good.
Internet: <kids.nationalgeographic.com>.
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
According to the text, kangaroos are the tallest of all mammals.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943786
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Text
 
Kangaroos possess powerful hind legs, a long, strong tail, and small front legs. Thanks to their large feet,
kangaroos can leap some 9 meters in a single bound, and travel more than 48 kilometers per hour.
Kangaroos use their strong tails for balance while jumping. They are the tallest of all marsupials,
standing over 2 meters tall.
Kangaroos live in Eastern Australia. They live in small groups called troops or herds, typically made up of
50 or more animals. If threatened, kangaroos pound the ground with their strong feet in warning.
Fighting kangaroos kick opponents, and sometimes bite.
Female kangaroos sport a pouch on their belly, made by a fold in the skin, to cradle baby kangaroos
called joeys. Newborn joeys are just 2.5 centimeters long at birth, or about the size of a grape. After
birth, joeys travel, unassisted, through their mom’s thick fur to the comfort and safety of the pouch. A
newborn joey can’t suckle or swallow, so the kangaroo mom uses her muscles to pump milk down its
throat. At around 4 months, the joey emerges from the pouch for short trips and to graze on grass and
small shrubs. At 10 months, the joey is mature enough to leave the pouch for good.
Internet: <kids.nationalgeographic.com>.
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
In the sentence “A newborn joey can’t suckle or swallow, so the kangaroo mom uses her muscles to
pump milk down its throat” (third paragraph), the pronoun “its” refers to “the kangaroo mom”.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943786
157) 
158) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943788
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Text
 
Kangaroos possess powerful hind legs, a long, strong tail, and small front legs. Thanks to their large feet,
kangaroos can leap some 9 meters in a single bound, and travel more than 48 kilometers per hour.
Kangaroos use their strong tails for balance while jumping. They are the tallest of all marsupials,
standing over 2 meters tall.
Kangaroos live in Eastern Australia. They live in small groups called troops or herds, typically made up of
50 or more animals. If threatened, kangaroospound the ground with their strong feet in warning.
Fighting kangaroos kick opponents, and sometimes bite.
Female kangaroos sport a pouch on their belly, made by a fold in the skin, to cradle baby kangaroos
called joeys. Newborn joeys are just 2.5 centimeters long at birth, or about the size of a grape. After
birth, joeys travel, unassisted, through their mom’s thick fur to the comfort and safety of the pouch. A
newborn joey can’t suckle or swallow, so the kangaroo mom uses her muscles to pump milk down its
throat. At around 4 months, the joey emerges from the pouch for short trips and to graze on grass and
small shrubs. At 10 months, the joey is mature enough to leave the pouch for good.
Internet: <kids.nationalgeographic.com>.
 
Judge the following item according to the text above.
 
In the excerpt “the joey emerges from the pouch for short trips” (third paragraph), the expression
“emerges from the pouch” could be correctly replaced with leaves the pouch, without changing the
meaning of the text.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972095
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In May 2021, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The
suspected culprit was a piece of rogue space junk. While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has re-
focussed attention on the growing problem of orbital debris.
How did we get here?
It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On 1
January 2021 there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s
a lot of useless metal careering around the planet at 28,000 kph — ten times faster than a bullet.
How bad is the problem?
Very bad and getting worse. Estimates suggest there are currently half a million pieces of debris the size
of a marble or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces
are actively tracked by the US Department of Defense.
What is Kessler syndrome?
It’s a catastrophic chain of events in which a satellite is shattered by a piece of space junk (or a collision
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1943788
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972095
159) 
with another satellite) and the resulting debris destroys more satellites creating more junk and so on in a
never-ending cascade. It’s a domino effect – one piece falls and then takes the rest with it – and is
named after NASA scientist Donald Kessler, who outlined the dangers back in 1978.
What can we do about it?
Better regulation of new launches would help, as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. There are existing
regulations in place to try and mitigate the dangers, such as a 25-year de-orbit rule for missions in low-
Earth orbit. However, ESA’s Space Debris Environment Report says that less than 60 per cent of those
flying in low-Earth orbit currently stick to the rules.
Colin Stuart. Space Junk: Is it a disaster waiting to happen?
Internet: <www.sciencefocus.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, regulations related to space debris can be considered lax at best.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972106
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
In May 2021, a hole was found in a robotic arm aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The
suspected culprit was a piece of rogue space junk. While thankfully no astronauts were injured, it has re-
focussed attention on the growing problem of orbital debris.
How did we get here?
It’s easy to forget that just seven decades ago the Moon was the only thing orbiting the Earth. On 1
January 2021 there were 6,542 satellites in orbit. Tellingly, only just over half of them were active. That’s
a lot of useless metal careering around the planet at 28,000 kph — ten times faster than a bullet.
How bad is the problem?
Very bad and getting worse. Estimates suggest there are currently half a million pieces of debris the size
of a marble or larger and 100 million pieces of debris above one millimeter across. Yet only 27,000 pieces
are actively tracked by the US Department of Defense.
What is Kessler syndrome?
It’s a catastrophic chain of events in which a satellite is shattered by a piece of space junk (or a collision
with another satellite) and the resulting debris destroys more satellites creating more junk and so on in a
never-ending cascade. It’s a domino effect – one piece falls and then takes the rest with it – and is
named after NASA scientist Donald Kessler, who outlined the dangers back in 1978.
What can we do about it?
Better regulation of new launches would help, as right now it’s a bit of a free-for-all. There are existing
regulations in place to try and mitigate the dangers, such as a 25-year de-orbit rule for missions in low-
Earth orbit. However, ESA’s Space Debris Environment Report says that less than 60 per cent of those
flying in low-Earth orbit currently stick to the rules.
Colin Stuart. Space Junk: Is it a disaster waiting to happen?
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972106
160) 
161) 
Internet: <www.sciencefocus.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
The event described in the first paragraph is an example of an effect whose risks were predicted decades
ago.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972121
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Jack Kilby’s revolutionary idea was to make all the different components of a circuit out of the
same flat block of semiconductor material. Not only would this get rid of wires and faulty connections, it
would make the entire circuit much more compact. Kilby demonstrated his first “integrated circuit” on
Sept. 12, 1958.
 
Six months later, in California, another engineer, Robert Noyce, independently came up with the idea of
making an integrated circuit. Noyce’s chip was better suited to be manufactured in large numbers, and
soon he was part of a young company called Intel.
 
Thus was launched a revolution. The first chip-based computer was the first U.S. Air Force computer,
built in 1961. The true potential of the integrated circuit was shown when Texas Instruments unveiled the
pocket calculator. Previously calculators had been bulky devices that needed to be plugged in to electrical
mains. The pocket calculator, small enough to hold in one’s palm, had a chip inside and batteries were
adequate to power it.
 
Progress was rapid thereafter. Many have already heard of Moore’s law, which has become a mantra of
the digital age. First put forward by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the 1960s, it says that the
processing power of a chip doubles every two years, while the price falls by half. For more than four
decades, Moore’s law has held, driving incredible growth and miniaturization — and wealth.
 
The question is whether the semiconductor industry can sustain this pace. Further increasing the
processing power of chips is proving to be problematic as certain fundamental physical barriers are being
reached. At the same time, new frontiers are opening up. The quest is on to make chips that are
powered by light instead of electricity, which will enable much faster computers.
 
Saswato Das. The Chip that Changed the World. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, the maintenance of the pace of Moore’s law is at jeopardy due to the laws of
physics.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972129
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Jack Kilby’s revolutionary idea was to make all the different components of a circuit out of thesame flat block of semiconductor material. Not only would this get rid of wires and faulty connections, it
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972121
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972129
162) 
would make the entire circuit much more compact. Kilby demonstrated his first “integrated circuit” on
Sept. 12, 1958.
 
Six months later, in California, another engineer, Robert Noyce, independently came up with the idea of
making an integrated circuit. Noyce’s chip was better suited to be manufactured in large numbers, and
soon he was part of a young company called Intel.
 
Thus was launched a revolution. The first chip-based computer was the first U.S. Air Force computer,
built in 1961. The true potential of the integrated circuit was shown when Texas Instruments unveiled the
pocket calculator. Previously calculators had been bulky devices that needed to be plugged in to electrical
mains. The pocket calculator, small enough to hold in one’s palm, had a chip inside and batteries were
adequate to power it.
 
Progress was rapid thereafter. Many have already heard of Moore’s law, which has become a mantra of
the digital age. First put forward by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the 1960s, it says that the
processing power of a chip doubles every two years, while the price falls by half. For more than four
decades, Moore’s law has held, driving incredible growth and miniaturization — and wealth.
 
The question is whether the semiconductor industry can sustain this pace. Further increasing the
processing power of chips is proving to be problematic as certain fundamental physical barriers are being
reached. At the same time, new frontiers are opening up. The quest is on to make chips that are
powered by light instead of electricity, which will enable much faster computers.
 
Saswato Das. The Chip that Changed the World. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, before the pocket calculator, calculators were compact, but did not run on
batteries.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972142
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Jack Kilby’s revolutionary idea was to make all the different components of a circuit out of the
same flat block of semiconductor material. Not only would this get rid of wires and faulty connections, it
would make the entire circuit much more compact. Kilby demonstrated his first “integrated circuit” on
Sept. 12, 1958.
 
Six months later, in California, another engineer, Robert Noyce, independently came up with the idea of
making an integrated circuit. Noyce’s chip was better suited to be manufactured in large numbers, and
soon he was part of a young company called Intel.
 
Thus was launched a revolution. The first chip-based computer was the first U.S. Air Force computer,
built in 1961. The true potential of the integrated circuit was shown when Texas Instruments unveiled the
pocket calculator. Previously calculators had been bulky devices that needed to be plugged in to electrical
mains. The pocket calculator, small enough to hold in one’s palm, had a chip inside and batteries were
adequate to power it.
 
Progress was rapid thereafter. Many have already heard of Moore’s law, which has become a mantra of
the digital age. First put forward by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the 1960s, it says that the
processing power of a chip doubles every two years, while the price falls by half. For more than four
decades, Moore’s law has held, driving incredible growth and miniaturization — and wealth.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972142
163) 
 
The question is whether the semiconductor industry can sustain this pace. Further increasing the
processing power of chips is proving to be problematic as certain fundamental physical barriers are being
reached. At the same time, new frontiers are opening up. The quest is on to make chips that are
powered by light instead of electricity, which will enable much faster computers.
 
Saswato Das. The Chip that Changed the World. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, Robert Noyce single-handedly invented the integrated circuit.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972151
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Jack Kilby’s revolutionary idea was to make all the different components of a circuit out of the
same flat block of semiconductor material. Not only would this get rid of wires and faulty connections, it
would make the entire circuit much more compact. Kilby demonstrated his first “integrated circuit” on
Sept. 12, 1958.
 
Six months later, in California, another engineer, Robert Noyce, independently came up with the idea of
making an integrated circuit. Noyce’s chip was better suited to be manufactured in large numbers, and
soon he was part of a young company called Intel.
 
Thus was launched a revolution. The first chip-based computer was the first U.S. Air Force computer,
built in 1961. The true potential of the integrated circuit was shown when Texas Instruments unveiled the
pocket calculator. Previously calculators had been bulky devices that needed to be plugged in to electrical
mains. The pocket calculator, small enough to hold in one’s palm, had a chip inside and batteries were
adequate to power it.
 
Progress was rapid thereafter. Many have already heard of Moore’s law, which has become a mantra of
the digital age. First put forward by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in the 1960s, it says that the
processing power of a chip doubles every two years, while the price falls by half. For more than four
decades, Moore’s law has held, driving incredible growth and miniaturization — and wealth.
 
The question is whether the semiconductor industry can sustain this pace. Further increasing the
processing power of chips is proving to be problematic as certain fundamental physical barriers are being
reached. At the same time, new frontiers are opening up. The quest is on to make chips that are
powered by light instead of electricity, which will enable much faster computers.
 
Saswato Das. The Chip that Changed the World. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
In the third sentence of the fourth paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to Intel.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972151
164) 
165) 
166) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972169
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on
which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. Electronic data storage,
which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay-line memory was
developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the
mercury delay line. The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a
standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored in it was volatile in that it had to be continuously
refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of nonvolatile computer storage
was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s first commercially
available general-purpose electronic computer.
 
Information Technology. Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, punched tape is still used nowadays.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972176
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Early electroniccomputers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on
which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. Electronic data storage,
which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay-line memory was
developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the
mercury delay line. The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a
standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored in it was volatile in that it had to be continuously
refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of nonvolatile computer storage
was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s first commercially
available general-purpose electronic computer.
 
Information Technology. Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
The text would remain unchanged in terms of grammar and meaning if the excerpt “the world’s first
commercially available general-purpose electronic computer” (in the end of the text) were replaced with
the first commercially available general-purpose electronic computer in the world.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972184
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Esp GT (TELEBRAS)/TELEBRAS/Advogado/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Early electronic computers such as Colossus made use of punched tape, a long strip of paper on
which data was represented by a series of holes, a technology now obsolete. Electronic data storage,
which is used in modern computers, dates from World War II, when a form of delay-line memory was
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972169
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972176
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/1972184
167) 
168) 
developed to remove the clutter from radar signals, the first practical application of which was the
mercury delay line. The first random-access digital storage device was the Williams tube, based on a
standard cathode ray tube, but the information stored in it was volatile in that it had to be continuously
refreshed, and thus was lost once power was removed. The earliest form of nonvolatile computer storage
was the magnetic drum, invented in 1932 and used in the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s first commercially
available general-purpose electronic computer.
 
Information Technology. Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
 
Considering the text above, judge the following item.
 
According to the text, before 1932, information could only be stored provisionally in digital form.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010935
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher
education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important
that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy,
integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
 
Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s
Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit
based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and
scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and
high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO
does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code,
Section 552.139.
 
Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov> (adapted).
 
Judge the following items considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.
 
It can be inferred from the text that the SAO keeps certain issues secret to avoid endangering security.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010939
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Information technology (IT) serves a critical role in state operations. State agencies and higher
education institutions are increasingly reliant on the automated processing of information. It is important
that the IT applications that process information have controls to ensure and protect the accuracy,
integrity, reliability, and confidentiality of the State’s information.
 
Due to the increased reliance on IT applications, a significant portion of the audits the State Auditor’s
Office (SAO) performs include an IT component. Auditors select IT controls for testing during an audit
based on a risk assessment. The risk assessment considers, among other factors, the objectives and
scope of the audit. Therefore, the SAO does not test all IT controls in every audit, with the high-risk and
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010935
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010939
169) 
high-impact IT controls being tested more frequently. In addition, to minimize security risks, the SAO
does not publicly report sensitive IT audit issues, in accordance with the Texas Government Code,
Section 552.139.
 
Texas state auditor’s office report. Internet: <sao.texas.gov> (adapted).
 
Judge the following items considering the text above and the vocabulary used in it.
 
The word state has the same meaning in the first and in the second sentences of the first paragraph.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010957
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
New online safety laws in the United Kingdom could send tech company leaders to jail.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010957170) 
171) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010961
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
One of the objectives of the new legislation is to cease social media operations.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010962
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010961
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010962
172) 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
Lawmakers have always been supportive of the online safety legislation.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010967
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010967
173) 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
The new version of the bill includes large amounts of fines if the company disobeys certain rules.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010971
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications(Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
Ofcom receives money from the government to collect information from companies.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010971
174) 
175) 
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010972
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Leaders at tech companies around the world could face up to two years in prison in the United
Kingdom if they do not comply with new online safety laws.
 
Draft legislation aims to crack down on social media and other online entities to ensure safety and
privacy for users, particularly children. The laws were drafted to prevent uploading and spreading of
harmful content such as racism, bullying, fraud and sexual abuse.
 
While the legislation has been criticized by Parliament members in the past, the new draft has received
bipartisan support.
 
The bill has to be voted on by British lawmakers.
 
The legislation has been updated several times since its inception. Among the changes are hefty fines or
blockages if networks fail to remove harmful content after being notified of its existence, as well as the
labeling of sending unsolicited nudes as a criminal offense.
 
The fines could be up to 10 percent of the affected company’s annual global income. The Office of
Communications (Ofcom), the bill’s regulator, has been granted legal grounds to request information from
companies they suspect of not following the bill’s rules.
 
If Ofcom is able to prove that the companies withheld information or have not responded properly to
notifications of inappropriate or illegal content, the executives would be held criminally liable. This part of
the law will be enforced two months after the law itself is enacted, meaning companies and websites will
have time to crack down on their content before facing legal consequences.
 
Some U.K. residents have pushed back against the new version of the bill, including memes from the
Open Rights Group. The organization claims that, despite good intentions, the regulations could result in
a slippery slope that could end up violating free speech.
 
Internet:<www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the text presented above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
Everyone supports the updated version of the bill.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010991
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
State and local governments regularly disclose financial information to the public so that the
current financial status of the government is recognized publicly. The purpose of such disclosure is to
achieve accountability and inform citizens about governments’ financial decisions. Despite the efforts to
improve the accessibility and readability of financial information, we do not know whether and how the
financial information is processed by citizens. This study investigates how citizens assess the financial
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010972
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2010991
176) 
177) 
condition of governments when different financial information is presented. We conduct an online survey
experiment to understand how disclosed financial information shapes citizens’ perceived level of a
government’s fiscal stress and their attitudes toward governments’ revenue-raising strategies. We find
that citizens prioritize the financial indicators that they are familiar with, such as debt and surplus ratios.
While both historical and social reference points play an important role, social reference is more effective
in influencing citizens’ perception. We only find limited evidence to support the relationship between
citizens’ perception of fiscal stress and their support toward governments’ decisions to raise revenues.
 
Internet: <www.sciencedirect.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
The study aims at examining citizens’ access to government financial information.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2011003
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ACE (TCE RJ)/TCE RJ/Organizacional/Tecnologia da
Informação/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
State and local governments regularly disclose financial information to the public so that the
current financial status of the government is recognized publicly. The purpose of such disclosure is to
achieve accountability and inform citizens about governments’ financial decisions. Despite the efforts to
improve the accessibility and readability of financial information, we do not know whether and how the
financial information is processed by citizens. This study investigates how citizens assess the financial
condition of governments when different financial information is presented. We conduct an online survey
experiment to understand how disclosed financial information shapes citizens’ perceived level of a
government’s fiscal stress and their attitudes toward governments’ revenue-raising strategies. We find
that citizens prioritize the financial indicators that they are familiar with, such as debt and surplus ratios.
While both historical and social reference points play an important role, social reference is more effective
in influencing citizens’ perception. We only find limited evidence to support the relationship between
citizens’ perception of fiscal stress and their support toward governments’ decisions to raise revenues.
 
Internet: <www.sciencedirect.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.
 
The study shows that citizens’ perception of disclosed financial information is essentially shaped by fiscal
stress.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020007
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
After two collapses, a third dam at ‘imminent risk of rupture’
 
A dam holding back mining waste from a Brazilian miner is at risk of collapsing, a government audit says.
The same company was responsible for two tailings dam collapses since 2015 that unleashed millions of
gallons of toxic sludge and killed hundreds of people in Brazil’s southeastern state of Minas Gerais, which
has been known worldwide as the Brumadinho Dam Collapse.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2011003
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020007
178) 
The retired Xingu dam at Alegria iron ore mine in Mariana — the same municipality where a tailings dam
collapsed in November 2015 in what’s considered Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to date — is at
“serious and imminent risk of rupture by liquefaction,” according to an audit report from a local state
organ. The report says the Xingu dam “does not present stability conditions.” “It is, therefore, an
extremely serious situation that puts at risk workers who perform activities, access or remain on the
crest, on the downstream slopes, inthe flood area and in the area on the tailings upstream of the dam,”
the document says.
 
The ANM (National Mining Agency) rated the Xingu dam’s safety at level 2 in a September 2020
assessment, after requesting the company to improve the structure. The miner has fulfilled part of the
request, but has sought a deadline extension for other repair works, without major changes in the
structure. In its most recent inspection, ANM identified structural problems where no corrective measures
had been implemented.
Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
The text informs that the ANM has already checked on the Xingu dam, has requested the miner to
improve the structure and has also fulfilled part of the request.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020009
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
After two collapses, a third dam at ‘imminent risk of rupture’
 
A dam holding back mining waste from a Brazilian miner is at risk of collapsing, a government audit says.
The same company was responsible for two tailings dam collapses since 2015 that unleashed millions of
gallons of toxic sludge and killed hundreds of people in Brazil’s southeastern state of Minas Gerais, which
has been known worldwide as the Brumadinho Dam Collapse.
 
The retired Xingu dam at Alegria iron ore mine in Mariana — the same municipality where a tailings dam
collapsed in November 2015 in what’s considered Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to date — is at
“serious and imminent risk of rupture by liquefaction,” according to an audit report from a local state
organ. The report says the Xingu dam “does not present stability conditions.” “It is, therefore, an
extremely serious situation that puts at risk workers who perform activities, access or remain on the
crest, on the downstream slopes, in the flood area and in the area on the tailings upstream of the dam,”
the document says.
 
The ANM (National Mining Agency) rated the Xingu dam’s safety at level 2 in a September 2020
assessment, after requesting the company to improve the structure. The miner has fulfilled part of the
request, but has sought a deadline extension for other repair works, without major changes in the
structure. In its most recent inspection, ANM identified structural problems where no corrective measures
had been implemented.
Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
Never before has the company mentioned in the text been responsible for tailings dam collapses in Brazil.
Certo
Errado
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020009
179) 
180) 
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020010
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
After two collapses, a third dam at ‘imminent risk of rupture’
 
A dam holding back mining waste from a Brazilian miner is at risk of collapsing, a government audit says.
The same company was responsible for two tailings dam collapses since 2015 that unleashed millions of
gallons of toxic sludge and killed hundreds of people in Brazil’s southeastern state of Minas Gerais, which
has been known worldwide as the Brumadinho Dam Collapse.
 
The retired Xingu dam at Alegria iron ore mine in Mariana — the same municipality where a tailings dam
collapsed in November 2015 in what’s considered Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to date — is at
“serious and imminent risk of rupture by liquefaction,” according to an audit report from a local state
organ. The report says the Xingu dam “does not present stability conditions.” “It is, therefore, an
extremely serious situation that puts at risk workers who perform activities, access or remain on the
crest, on the downstream slopes, in the flood area and in the area on the tailings upstream of the dam,”
the document says.
 
The ANM (National Mining Agency) rated the Xingu dam’s safety at level 2 in a September 2020
assessment, after requesting the company to improve the structure. The miner has fulfilled part of the
request, but has sought a deadline extension for other repair works, without major changes in the
structure. In its most recent inspection, ANM identified structural problems where no corrective measures
had been implemented.
Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
It can be concluded from the text that the tailings dams which collapsed and killed many people were
both located in the same state in Brazil.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020012
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
After two collapses, a third dam at ‘imminent risk of rupture’
 
A dam holding back mining waste from a Brazilian miner is at risk of collapsing, a government audit says.
The same company was responsible for two tailings dam collapses since 2015 that unleashed millions of
gallons of toxic sludge and killed hundreds of people in Brazil’s southeastern state of Minas Gerais, which
has been known worldwide as the Brumadinho Dam Collapse.
 
The retired Xingu dam at Alegria iron ore mine in Mariana — the same municipality where a tailings dam
collapsed in November 2015 in what’s considered Brazil’s worst environmental disaster to date — is at
“serious and imminent risk of rupture by liquefaction,” according to an audit report from a local state
organ. The report says the Xingu dam “does not present stability conditions.” “It is, therefore, an
extremely serious situation that puts at risk workers who perform activities, access or remain on the
crest, on the downstream slopes, in the flood area and in the area on the tailings upstream of the dam,”
the document says.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020010
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020012
181) 
182) 
The ANM (National Mining Agency) rated the Xingu dam’s safety at level 2 in a September 2020
assessment, after requesting the company to improve the structure. The miner has fulfilled part of the
request, but has sought a deadline extension for other repair works, without major changes in the
structure. In its most recent inspection, ANM identified structural problems where no corrective measures
had been implemented.
Internet: <news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
We can infer from the text that the dam which is at serious risk of collapsing is still working and may put
its workers at risk too.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020021
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Can alternative tailings disposal become the norm in mining?
 
There is no doubt that the resources extracted from mining are critical to our way of life. Likely, you’re
reading this on your computer, smartphone, or tablet. Mining touches all our lives daily (in addition to
metals used in electronics, think about that can of soda you are drinking, or the aggregate used to pave
your driveway). The industry works hard to make sure the net impact is positive.
 
However, the waste associated with mining, both past and present, is an unavoidable result of
conventional mineral processing. In the future it may be possible to extract metals like copper and gold
without crushing and grinding the ore down to fine particle size and adding considerable quantities of
liquid, resulting in conventional tailings.
 
What are the challenges associated with conventional tailings? Well, it is all about water. Managing
seepage from the tailings themselves, monitoring pore water pressure within the tailings dams or
designing facilities to safely store or pass flood events. Because such a significant quantity of water is
added during mineral processing, “conventional” tailings dams store the tailings as a slurry. Water within
the tailing materialis either evaporated, migrates as seepage or remains entrained within the tailings
impoundment. Removing water prior to disposal through various means is considered “alternative”
disposal. Mining low grades of ore has resulted in increased water use per unit of production. In some
cases, the availability of water is one of the greatest constraints on mine development.
Internet: <www.stantec.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the ideas stated in the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following items.
 
Up to a certain extent, mining is present in our everyday lives.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020022
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Can alternative tailings disposal become the norm in mining?
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020021
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020022
183) 
There is no doubt that the resources extracted from mining are critical to our way of life. Likely, you’re
reading this on your computer, smartphone, or tablet. Mining touches all our lives daily (in addition to
metals used in electronics, think about that can of soda you are drinking, or the aggregate used to pave
your driveway). The industry works hard to make sure the net impact is positive.
 
However, the waste associated with mining, both past and present, is an unavoidable result of
conventional mineral processing. In the future it may be possible to extract metals like copper and gold
without crushing and grinding the ore down to fine particle size and adding considerable quantities of
liquid, resulting in conventional tailings.
 
What are the challenges associated with conventional tailings? Well, it is all about water. Managing
seepage from the tailings themselves, monitoring pore water pressure within the tailings dams or
designing facilities to safely store or pass flood events. Because such a significant quantity of water is
added during mineral processing, “conventional” tailings dams store the tailings as a slurry. Water within
the tailing material is either evaporated, migrates as seepage or remains entrained within the tailings
impoundment. Removing water prior to disposal through various means is considered “alternative”
disposal. Mining low grades of ore has resulted in increased water use per unit of production. In some
cases, the availability of water is one of the greatest constraints on mine development.
Internet: <www.stantec.com> (adapted).
 
Considering the ideas stated in the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following items.
 
An alternative disposal method mentioned in the text could be removing water from waste before its
disposal.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020023
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - ERM (ANM)/ANM/"Sem Área"/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Can alternative tailings disposal become the norm in mining?
 
There is no doubt that the resources extracted from mining are critical to our way of life. Likely, you’re
reading this on your computer, smartphone, or tablet. Mining touches all our lives daily (in addition to
metals used in electronics, think about that can of soda you are drinking, or the aggregate used to pave
your driveway). The industry works hard to make sure the net impact is positive.
 
However, the waste associated with mining, both past and present, is an unavoidable result of
conventional mineral processing. In the future it may be possible to extract metals like copper and gold
without crushing and grinding the ore down to fine particle size and adding considerable quantities of
liquid, resulting in conventional tailings.
 
What are the challenges associated with conventional tailings? Well, it is all about water. Managing
seepage from the tailings themselves, monitoring pore water pressure within the tailings dams or
designing facilities to safely store or pass flood events. Because such a significant quantity of water is
added during mineral processing, “conventional” tailings dams store the tailings as a slurry. Water within
the tailing material is either evaporated, migrates as seepage or remains entrained within the tailings
impoundment. Removing water prior to disposal through various means is considered “alternative”
disposal. Mining low grades of ore has resulted in increased water use per unit of production. In some
cases, the availability of water is one of the greatest constraints on mine development.
Internet: <www.stantec.com> (adapted).
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2020023
184) 
185) 
Considering the ideas stated in the text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following items.
 
Nowadays, it is already possible to extract minerals without generating any waste at all.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155625
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
Although children are not learning enough about plants in basic school, there are still a significant
number of higher education students who have basic botanical knowledge.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155626
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155625
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155626
186) 
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and thatecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
Planting trees may not always be beneficial to the microenvironment in which they are planted.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155628
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155628
187) 
188) 
Many professionals other than those who work directly with plants should be educated in plant
identification.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155629
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
Plant ecology has become less relevant due to the lack of qualified people to work in it.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155630
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155629
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155630
189) 
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
The sentence“Children are not being taught enough about plants” (in the first paragraph) can be
correctly rewritten as Children are not receiving enough training on plants without change in its
meaning.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155631
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155631
190) 
191) 
In “Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to global
warming” (in the first paragraph), the word “they” replaces “Children”.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155632
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
Scanning is the reading technique recommended to quickly locate in the text presented above the ratio of
students graduated in plant science to those graduated in other life sciences.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155635
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological damage
is being done as trees are planted in the wrong places and wildflower meadows are damaged.
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155632
https://www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155635
192) 
Researchers argue “nature literacy” must become a core skill for professionals from planners, engineers,
architects, and educators as much as it does to farmers, foresters, and fishermen. Researchers at the
University of Leeds, in England, say plant ecology — which studies the distribution and abundance of
plants, the effect of the environment on them and how they interact with the environment — is also not
taught well enough. “We ignore the opportunities presented to us by the botanical world at our own
peril,” said lead study author and doctoral student Seb Stroud.
This data is also corroborated by the Scottish government, which said there are not enough skilled
people to implement “nature-based solutions” to rising temperatures. The University of Leeds team also
argued that people’s inability to identify plants could make the spread of invasive plants worse. The
researchers conclude: “The extinction of botanical education will only continue to worsen unless we
break the cycle of disconnection from the botanical world.”
Internet: <https://www.newsweek.com> (adapted).
 
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
 
People’s inability to recognize plants has already caused environmental problems and may become a
dangerous waste of opportunities to solve problems.
Certo
Errado
www.tecconcursos.com.br/questoes/2155636
CEBRASPE (CESPE) - Prof (SEE PE)/SEE PE/Língua Inglesa/2022
Língua Inglesa (Inglês) - Interpretação de Textos (compreensão)
Children are not being taught enough about plants at a time when they could be the answer to
global warming, scientists have warned. This has led to people becoming “disconnected from the
botanical world” of plants when understanding flora has become crucial to ecology. Even students
starting masters’ degrees in biology lack a “basic” ability to identify plants, the new study claims.
Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency of the United Kingdom reveals just one student
graduated in plant science for every 185 who graduated in other life sciences between 2007 and 2019.
The lack of botanical knowledge means people can’t identify invasive species and that ecological