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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA RELAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS   
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In�nitives may perform different syntactic roles: subject, noun complement, direct object, to name just a few.
Read the sentence below and choose the option that correctly identi�es the syntactic function performed by
the in�nitive:
"My main objective is to �nish university as soon as possible..."
subject
 subject complement
prepositional complement
noun complement
direct object
Respondido em 12/10/2023 18:54:39
Explicação:
Answer key: subject complement
Feedback:
Subject complement (ANSWER) - An in�nitive functions as subject complement when it is placed after a linking verb,
which is the case in question.
Subject - When an in�nitive structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, an in�nitive structure must be located after a transitive verb,
which is not the case of the main verb of the sentence (= it is a linking verb)
Prepositional complement - it refers to using an in�nitive structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that
the sentence does not become agrammatical.
Noun complement - it deals with using an in�nitive form right after a noun to provide more details on it.
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Consider the following passage from The Pit and The Pendulum:
 
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https://simulado.estacio.br/alunos/inicio.asp
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''The agony of suspense grew at length intolerable, and I cautiously moved forward, with my arms extended, and
my eyes straining from their sockets, in the hope of catching some faint ray of light.''
 
Source: https://poestories.com/read/pit
 
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clause highlighted in the passage above?
 Prepositional complement
Indirect object
Direct object
Subject
Subject complement
Respondido em 12/10/2023 19:03:47
Explicação:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition
so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what happens in the
example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as a subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
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A to-in�nitive clause may play the role of subject, object, adjunct and even object complement. Choose the
option in which the in�nitive clause plays the role of object complement:
He was coming to us in order to assure us of his concern.
He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money.
She wanted to persuade herself.
 Sir William's interruption has made me forget everything.
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place.
Respondido em 12/10/2023 19:05:33
Explicação:
All the alternatives above were adapted from the novel Pride and Prejudice.
AUSTEN, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Available at: The Project Gutenberg eBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane
Austen. Accessed Oct 12th, 2021
 
To imitate his politeness, she admired the beauty of the place and He was coming to us in order to assure us of his
concern contain examples in which the to-in�nitive clauses function as circumstantial adjuncts, they provide us with
the reason why. In He has pledged to assist Mr. Wickham with money and She wanted to persuade herself, they
complete the main verb, playing the role of objects. At last, in Sir William's interruption has made me forget
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everything, the bare-in�nitive clause operates as an object complement, since "forget everything" is connected to the
object "me".
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RPCs are commonly employed in academic discourse due to their power to make the texts more persuasive
through nominalization. In which of the clauses in bold, the verb of the clause appears in its participle
(nominalized) form?
Whenever Jessica understands the power she has, she becomes a good manager.
If you make your investment more constant, you will tend to have better earnings with your money.
Although she lied to me several times, I still choose to stay with her.
 The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country.
Because she has been unable to work since January, her family is going through dif�cult times.
Respondido em 12/10/2023 20:05:21
Explicação:
Answer: The results achieved were overall good considered the economic context of our country.
Feedback: Nominalizing sentences through turning subordinate clauses into reduced ones is done through the
deletion of the subject of the subordinate clause and the be verb and the transformation of the tense verb in a
participle form. Thus the only option which presents such a case is "The results achieved were overall good
considered the economic context of our country".
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Gerunds are types of verbals that can be used to perform different syntactic roles. Bearing this information in
mind, read the sentence below:
"My hobby is reading books on folktales."
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
direct object
subject
 subject complement
prepositional complement
indirect object
Respondido em 12/10/2023 19:12:01
Explicação:
Answer key: subject complement
Feedback:
Subject complement (ANSWER) - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a
linking verb, which is the case at play.
Prepositional complement - it refers to using gerund structure to complete the meaning of a preposition so that the
sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
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Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
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Gerunds are a special class of non-�nite structures, which can be used after certain verbs to create more
complex sentences. Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
 
"The American Government are interested in investing in Brazil."
 
The gerund form in the sentence above functions as:
Subject complement
Direct object
Indirect object
Subject
 Prepositional complement
Respondido em 12/10/2023 18:46:32
Explicação:
Prepositional complement (ANSWER) - it refers to using a gerund structure to complete the meaning of a
preposition so that the sentence does not become agrammatical or has its full meaning jeopardized. It is what
happens in the example above.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive
verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking
verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb.
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Think is a verb that, like understand and realize, describe a mental process. Mark the alternative in which there
is a main verb implying a mental process followed by a to-in�nitive introduced by a wh-word.
Those men wished to ask him a thousand questions.
He hoped to procure some respectable employment in a merchant's house.
 At �rst, I perceived that he tried to suppress his emotion.
 I had obtained that �re through accident and knew not howto reproduce it.
We attempted to carry him into the cabin.
Respondido em 12/10/2023 20:08:07
Explicação:
The only verb above which entails a cognitive process is "knew". Besides, it is followed by a to-in�nitive clause
introduced by "how". Other possible verbs would be:
assume
perceive
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prove
show
think
understand
Therefore, the correct answer is: I had obtained that �re through accident and knew not how to reproduce it.
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RPCs are shortened versions of full subordinate clauses. They vary according to the type of participle used to
replace the verb tense of the unreduced clause. Regarding the different types of RPCs, read the statements
below:
I - Reduced present participle clauses have participle forms ending in -ing, that convey an active meaning in the
clause.
II - Reduced past participle clauses can have three types of structure: basic, progressive and perfective.
III - Reduced present participle clauses in their perfective form are introduced by the auxiliary have.
What is the option that presents the correct judgement about the statements above?
I - true, II - true, III - false.
 I - true, II - true, III - true.
I - true, II - false, III - true.
I - false, II - false, III - true.
I - false, II - true, III - true.
Respondido em 12/10/2023 19:08:57
Explicação:
Answer: I - true, II - true, III - true.
Feedback: It is true that reduced present participle clauses convey an active meaning and are formed using a
participle form that ends in -ing as well as it is true that, in their perfective form, they are preceded by an auxiliary
verb: have. Finally, it is also true that reduced past participle clauses have three types of form: basic, progressive and
perfective.
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Participles present multiple uses in the English language. For instance, they can take part in Perfect and
Progressive verb tenses. Another important use has to do with simplifying more complex sentence structures.
Bearing this information in mind, read the sentence below:
"Standing in the queue, I realized I had forgotten my wallet at home."
The participle form in the sentence is used to simplify:
 An adverbial clause of time
An adverbial clause of condition
A restrictive adjective clause
A non-restrictive adjective clause
An adverbial clause of manner
Respondido em 12/10/2023 18:48:04
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Explicação:
Answer key: An adverbial clause of time
Feedback:
The participle form in this example is used to simplify an adverbial clause of time. It replaces the following structure:
"While I was standing in the queue, ...". Since the sentence conveys an adverbial meaning it cannot refer to an adjective
clause. Additionally, it refers to "when" an action took place, which means that "condition" and "manner" are not being
expressed by the sentence.
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Gerund Clauses can be present in a variety of texts. Chances are these non-�nite type of subordinate clauses be
employed in Literary Texts. Bearing this piece of information in mind, consider the following passage from 1984:
 
''By sitting in the alcove, and keeping well back, Winston was able to remain outside the range of the telescreen,
so far as sight went. He could be heard, of course, but so long as he stayed in his present position he could not be
seen. It was partly the unusual geography of the room that had suggested to him the thing that he was now
about to do.''
 
Source: http://www.uzickagimnazija.edu.rs/�les/Catcher%20in%20the%20Rye.pdf     
 
 
What is the function of the Gerund Clauses highlighted in the passage above?
Subject
 Adverbial
Subject complement
Direct object
Indirect object
Respondido em 12/10/2023 19:24:07
Explicação:
Adverbial (ANSWER) - When a gerund clause is used to indicate the manner through which something was done, the
Gerund Clause operates as an adverb.
Direct object - In order to operate as a direct object, a gerund structure must be located after a transitive verb or
verbal expression (i.e. feel like), which is not the case in question.
Indirect object - Gerunds operate as indirect objects when they are used as the �rst object of ditransitive verbs.
Subject complement - A gerund functions as subject complement when it is placed immediately after a linking verb.
Subject - When a gerund structure is placed before the verb phrase, it operates as the subject of the sentence.
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