INGLÊS - CONNECTORS

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CONNECTORS
Prof. Eduardo Folks
 ADDITION
Besides
Furthermore
Moreover
In addition
Beyond that
What’s more
.
Sears won’t raise its prices. Moreover, you can pay in 12 instalments without interest.
,
Na frase ‘Moreover, PCs and telecommunications are bringing that battle to an end’, a palavra moreover pode ser substituída por
(A) however.
(B) such as.
(C) in addition to that.
(D) provided that.
(E) notwithstanding.
Na frase ‘Moreover, PCs and telecommunications are bringing that battle to an end’, a palavra moreover pode ser substituída por
(A) however.
(B) such as.
(C) in addition to that.
(D) provided that.
(E) notwithstanding.
The word Besides (l. 17) could be replaced by 
Besides Nature’s breathtaking show, fall’s rich harvest is on display and for sale wherever you venture. Also popular are festivals of every kind, from herbs and vegetables to art and crafts.
(A) In addition to.
(B) Close to.
(C) Except for.
(D) Provided that.
(E) In spite of.
The word Besides (l. 17) could be replaced by 
Besides Nature’s breathtaking show, fall’s rich harvest is on display and for sale wherever you venture. Also popular are festivals of every kind, from herbs and vegetables to art and crafts.
(A) In addition to.
(B) Close to.
(C) Except for.
(D) Provided that.
(E) In spite of.
CORRELATIVE
CONNECTORS 
 NOT ONLY… BUT ALSO
The war caused not only destruction and death but also generations of hatred between the two communities.
They painted not only the outside of the house but also the inside.
 WHETHER… OR (NOT)
We use ‘whether … or’ to introduce a clause giving two options or alternatives:
She didn’t know whether he was laughing or crying.
 She was uncertain whether to stay or leave.
 I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
Look, Kate, I’m calling the doctor, whether you like it or not.
 BOTH…AND
We use ‘both … and’ to emphasise the link between two things. This makes a stronger connection than ‘and’ alone:
She played both badminton and voleyball when she was a student. 
 
Both he and his wife teach at Harvard.
 EITHER…OR
‘Either… or…’ connects two choices or possibilities:
 You add either one or two cloves of garlic.
 She’s the kind of person you either love or hate.
Either you take the tram to downtown or get a taxi. 
 NEITHER…NOR
Mentioning two things that are not true or possible.
 Neither Oleg’s mother nor his father spoke English.
 The equipment is neither accurate nor safe.
Neither he nor his wife enjoyed the vacation.
De acordo com o texto, complete a sentença abaixo com a alternativa correta.
Animal figures have also been popular. The Chinese see a rabbit in the dark and a toad in the white areas of the lunar markings.
 
The Chinese can see ... a rabbit … a toad on the lunar markings.
 
(A) … neither … nor …
(B) … and … or …
(C) … either … and …
(D) … both … or …
(E) … both … and …
De acordo com o texto, complete a sentença abaixo com a alternativa correta.
Animal figures have also been popular. The Chinese see a rabbit in the dark and a toad in the white areas of the lunar markings.
 
The Chinese can see ... a rabbit … a toad on the lunar markings.
 
(A) … neither … nor …
(B) … and … or …
(C) … either … and …
(D) … both … or …
(E) … both … and …
The expression “ neither... nor” in “But neither the park nor the mountains are enough to explain why Hay attracts so many visitors” excludes both “the park and “the mountains”. If they were to be included, the correct expression(s) would be:
I.	Not only... but also.
II.	Either... or.
III.	As well as. 
a)	I
b)	I and II
c)	I and III
d)	I, II and III
e)	II and III
The expression “ neither... nor” in “But neither the park nor the mountains are enough to explain why Hay attracts so many visitors” excludes both “the park and “the mountains”. If they were to be included, the correct expression(s) would be:
I.	Not only... but also.
II.	Either... or.
III.	As well as. 
a)	I
b)	I and II
c)	I and III
d)	I, II and III
e)	II and III
 PURPOSE
IN ORDER TO (THAT) 
SO AS TO (THAT) 
I always keep fruit in the fridge in order to keep flies off it.
I always keep fruit in the fridge in order that I keep flies off it.
He assumed a false identity so as to escape from the police.
He assumed a false identity so as that he escapes from the police.
S i n c e 1 9 8 6 , when he founded the Department for Isolated Indians, Possuelo and his team of several men have aimed to find lost tribes so that they can be left alone. When a group is located, the area around them is demarcated to stop anyone entering it. "I need to prove that they exist without making contact".
A expressão so that introduz
(A) uma finalidade.
(B) uma condição.
(C) uma ênfase.
(D) uma concessão.
(E) um comentário.
S i n c e 1 9 8 6 , when he founded the Department for Isolated Indians, Possuelo and his team of several men have aimed to find lost tribes so that they can be left alone. When a group is located, the area around them is demarcated to stop anyone entering it. "I need to prove that they exist without making contact".
A expressão so that introduz
(A) uma finalidade.
(B) uma condição.
(C) uma ênfase.
(D) uma concessão.
(E) um comentário.
 CAUSE / REASON
 Ann is guilty, inasmuch as she knew what the others were planning.
 Since he is unable to answer, perhaps we should ask someone else.
She told the truth, for she had nothing to lose.
INASMUCH AS
AS
SINCE
BECAUSE
FOR
__________ ,___________ .
57. V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) 
( ) O segmento
 who needed them more, since they had families to support (l. 49-50) poderia ser substituído por who needed them more, inasmuch as they had families to support, sem prejuízo da correção gramatical e do significado original do texto.
57. V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) 
(V) O segmento who needed them more, since they had families to support (l. 49-50) poderia ser substituído por who needed them more, inasmuch as they had families to support, sem prejuízo da correção gramatical e do significado original do texto.
Since = inasmuch as - tendo em conta que; já que
CONCLUSION
.
,
Thus
Hence
Consequently
Therefore
Ergo
 Progress so far has been very good. Therefore, we are confident that the work will be completed on time.
The demand was high. Ergo, prices increased.
IF
AS LONG AS PROVIDED (THAT)
UNLESS*
CONDITION
Wet wood can recover provided that it dries out quickly.
Wet wood can’t recover unless it dries out quickly.
We will win as long as Al plays.
We won`t win unless Al plays.
1 My house is haunted by the screams of slow digital death. I'm referring to the last
2 gasps of the Tamagotchi, a "digital craze" , that infected my kids like chicken pox last
3 spring.
4 Since the day they were born, I have tried to give my children the right toys. So
5 when I first read about Tamagotchis, I felt here was a toy that would appeal to my
6 daughters. In case you are childless or an alien from outer space and managed to avoid
7 this craze, the Tamagotchi is a keychain-size plastic egg that houses a small LCO (Liquid
8 Crystal Display) in which "lives" a creature that you nurture by pushing a variety of
9 Buttons.
A expressão in case (l. 6) pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
(A) so.
(B) as.
(C) when.
(D) indeed.
(E) if.
1 My house is haunted by the screams of slow digital death. I'm referring to the last
2 gasps of the Tamagotchi, a "digital craze" , that infected my kids like chicken pox last
3 spring.
4 Since the day they were born, I have tried to give my children the right toys. So
5 when I first read about Tamagotchis, I felt here was a toy that would appeal to my
6 daughters. In case you are childless or an alien from outer space and managed to avoid
7 this craze, the Tamagotchi is a keychain-size plastic egg that houses a small LCO (Liquid
8 Crystal Display) in which "lives" a creature that you nurture by pushing a variety of
9 Buttons.
A expressão in case (l. 6) pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
(A) so.
(B) as.
(C)when.
(D) indeed.
(E) if.
CONTRAST
While
Whereas 
Although
Though
Even Though
__________ ,___________ .
WHEREAS most new PCs have several USB slots, older ones often only had one.
ALTHOUGH she joined the company only a year ago, she's already been promoted twice.
CONTRAST
_____________ ,
notwithstanding
despite 
in spite of
regardless of
SUBST./-ING
_________________.
He was able to lead a normal life, IN SPITE OF the illness.
Despite being late, we were the first to arrive.
CONTRAST
_____________ .
Even so
However
Still
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
,_____________.
She was highly creative and talented. However, success remained unachievable for her.
There was a lot of wind that day. Nevertheless, it was not cold.
 CONTRAST
_____________ , 
BUT
YET
___________.
 It’s an old car, YET it’s very reliable.
 Janis was a convicted criminal, BUT many people admired her.
 CONTRAST
 Pete had two heart attacks in a year. He hasn’t stopped smoking, THOUGH / HOWEVER / NEVERTHELESS / NONETHELESS.
CONTRAST
Albeit - Although
We finally found one, albeit not in perfect condition.
She appeared on the show, albeit briefly.
______ "importance" is often hard to quantify , in this case I can put an exact value on it: 3,5 billion dollars.
(A) Though
(B) Even so
(C) Nevertheless
(D) In spite of
(E) But
______ "importance" is often hard to quantify , in this case I can put an exact value on it: 3,5 billion dollars.
(A) Though
(B) Even so
(C) Nevertheless
(D) In spite of
(E) But
“Students of color report that racism is still a problem, WHILE white students reject the idea that there’s anything wrong.”
WHILE indica e pode ser substituída por:
a)	Causa – because
b)	Resultado – so
c)	Tempo – meanwhile
d)	Comparação – like
e)	Contraste - whereas
“Students of color report that racism is still a problem, WHILE white students reject the idea that there’s anything wrong.”
WHILE indica e pode ser substituída por:
a)	Causa – because
b)	Resultado – so
c)	Tempo – meanwhile
d)	Comparação – like
e)	Contraste - whereas
Complete the blanks in the following sentence with the appropriate sequence.
........ the late structural works, all the problems were solved ........ time ........ the games.
(A) Although - with - for
(B) In spite of - in -for
(C) Because of - in -for
(D) In spite of - on -to
(E) Because of - on - to
Complete the blanks in the following sentence with the appropriate sequence.
........ the late structural works, all the problems were solved ........ time ........ the games.
(A) Although - with - for
(B) In spite of - in -for
(C) Because of - in -for
(D) In spite of - on -to
(E) Because of - on - to
Assinale a alternativa cujos elementos melhor substituem, respectivamente, os termos sublinhados nos seguimentos a seguir.
I – Despite the fact that Victoria and Albert often favoured artists from Germany, they also commissioned British artists.
II – Scottish author Sir Scott also owed Victoria a debt – in fact, the royal couple love of Scotland also changed the very idea of what was ‘British’.
a) While – because of it
b) Although – in reality
c) Even if – besides
d) Though – so
e) Yet – in truth
Assinale a alternativa cujos elementos melhor substituem, respectivamente, os termos sublinhados nos seguimentos a seguir.
I – Despite the fact that Victoria and Albert often favoured artists from Germany, they also commissioned British artists.
II – Scottish author Sir Scott also owed Victoria a debt – in fact, the royal couple love of Scotland also changed the very idea of what was ‘British’.
a) While – because of it
b) Although – in reality
c) Even if – besides
d) Though – so
e) Yet – in truth
9. Any sort of change can make you feel
10. stressed. Even good change. lt's not the
11. change or event itself, but also how you react
12. to it that matters. What's stressful is different
13. for each person. For example, one person
14. may feel stressed by retiring from work ........
15. someone else may not.
			(A) why.
			(B) therefore.
			(C) while.
			(D) how.
			(E) where.
9. Any sort of change can make you feel
10. stressed. Even good change. lt's not the
11. change or event itself, but also how you react
12. to it that matters. What's stressful is different
13. for each person. For example, one person
14. may feel stressed by retiring from work ........
15. someone else may not.
			(A) why.
			(B) therefore.
			(C) while.
			(D) how.
			(E) where.
Considere as possibilidades de reescrita do segmento Juliet had a book open on her lap, but she was not reading (l. 01-02).
I - Even though she was not reading it, Juliet had a book open on her lap.
II - Despite she was not reading it, Juliet had a book open on her lap.
III - In spite of the fact that she was not reading it, Juliet had a book open on her lap.
Quais poderiam substituir o segmento, sem prejuízo do sentido original e da correção gramatical?
(A) Apenas I.
(B) Apenas II.
(C) Apenas III.
(D) Apenas I e III.
(E) I, II e III.
Considere as possibilidades de reescrita do segmento Juliet had a book open on her lap, but she was not reading (l. 01-02).
I - Even though she was not reading it, Juliet had a book open on her lap.
II - Despite she was not reading it, Juliet had a book open on her lap.
III - In spite of the fact that she was not reading it, Juliet had a book open on her lap.
Quais poderiam substituir o segmento, sem prejuízo do sentido original e da correção gramatical?
(A) Apenas I.
(B) Apenas II.
(C) Apenas III.
(D) Apenas I e III.
(E) I, II e III.
But today, despite the film’s merits, Newcastle no longer needs a movie to boost its reputation. The fastest growing tourist destination in Britain, Newcastle has shed its old image as a dusty northern town, built on coal mines and steel furnaces. Instead it has become a place of clubs and winebars, restaurants and hotels. Everywhere there is a sense of energy and prosperity. (Speak Up, # 169)
The word despite (l. 10) could be correctly replaced by
(A) although.
(B) in spite of.
(C) nevertheless
(D) any how.
(E) at any rate.
But today, despite the film’s merits, Newcastle no longer needs a movie to boost its reputation. The fastest growing tourist destination in Britain, Newcastle has shed its old image as a dusty northern town, built on coal mines and steel furnaces. Instead it has become a place of clubs and winebars, restaurants and hotels. Everywhere there is a sense of energy and prosperity. (Speak Up, # 169)
The word despite (l. 10) could be correctly replaced by
(A) although.
(B) in spite of.
(C) nevertheless
(D) any how.
(E) at any rate.
And so, despite living in an area where community workers estimate that 90 per cent of people do not have access to a private computer, 19-year-old Ivania finds out about the world…
Select the alternative that best replaces the word despite.
(A) nevertheless
(B) however
(C) in spite of
(D) therefore
(E) but
And so, despite living in an area where community workers estimate that 90 per cent of people do not have access to a private computer, 19-year-old Ivania finds out about the world…
Select the alternative that best replaces the word despite.
(A) nevertheless
(B) however
(C) in spite of
(D) therefore
(E) but
The word Notwithstanding can be replaced, without any change in meaning, by
(A) In spite of.
(B) As a result.
(C) Because of.
(D) In any case.
(E) In addition to.
The word Notwithstanding can be replaced, without any change in meaning, by
(A) In spite of.
(B) As a result.
(C) Because of.
(D) In any case.
(E) In addition to.
YET in “Yet less than 1% of the Earth’s water is drinkable” is used to
a) introduce a statement which makes a contrast with what has just been said.
b) indicate that the previous statement is not significant in relation to what you’re about to say.
c) introduce the idea that the situation has existed up until the present time.
d) indicate that a particular fact does not make the rest of your sentence untrue.
e) indicate that the figure you havejust mentioned may not be accurate.
YET in “Yet less than 1% of the Earth’s water is drinkable” is used to
a) introduce a statement which makes a contrast with what has just been said.
b) indicate that the previous statement is not significant in relation to what you’re about to say.
c) introduce the idea that the situation has existed up until the present time.
d) indicate that a particular fact does not make the rest of your sentence untrue.
e) indicate that the figure you have just mentioned may not be accurate.
The word “but”as in “small but noisy” is used INCORRECTLY in
a) short but strong
b) beautiful but charming
c) slow but efficient
d) long but easy
e) difficult but interesting
The word “but”as in “small but noisy” is used INCORRECTLY in
a) short but strong
b) beautiful but charming
c) slow but efficient
d) long but easy
e) difficult but interesting
A palavra yet está sendo usada com o mesmo sentido no texto e na frase
Was it the dress itself (an elegant yet simple ink-blue velvet gown) that determined the price, or the fact that the Princess attended a state dinner at the White House and danced with John Travolta while wearing it?
(A) She might yet prove you wrong in this matter.
(B) She wrote she won't be back for a long time yet.
(C) She bought yet another pair of red leather shoes.
(D) She says awful things about him yet she loves him.
(E) She hasn’t given her reasons for acceptance yet.
A palavra yet está sendo usada com o mesmo sentido no texto e na frase
Was it the dress itself (an elegant yet simple ink-blue velvet gown) that determined the price, or the fact that the Princess attended a state dinner at the White House and danced with John Travolta while wearing it?
(A) She might yet prove you wrong in this matter.
(B) She wrote she won't be back for a long time yet.
(C) She bought yet another pair of red leather shoes.
(D) She says awful things about him yet she loves him.
(E) She hasn’t given her reasons for acceptance yet.
RATHER 
RATHER = INSTEAD
 Gerard didn’t study law. Rather, he decided to become an actor.
2) RATHER THAN = INSTEAD OF (Em vez de) - alternative or preference
Can I have soup rather than salad? 
3) DEGREE ADVERB - used to express something unexpected or surprising
It’s a rather dull play. /  I was rather surprised to see him with his ex-wife.
4) OR RATHER (melhor dizendo) -  We all went in Vic’s car, or rather his father’s.
5) (PREFERENCE) – He’d rather listen to music than watch television. 			I'd rather not talk about it. 
 It was also found nobody in the community has an age. …….. , they change their names to reflect their life-stage and position within their society.
(A) Because
(B) Whereas
(C) Meanwhile
(D) Therefore
(E) Instead
 It was also found nobody in the community has an age. …….. , they change their names to reflect their life-stage and position within their society.
(A) Because
(B) Whereas
(C) Meanwhile
(D) Therefore
(E) Instead