Prévia do material em texto

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4 Unesp 2014 Examine a tira.
No segundo quadrinho da tira, a expressão that sort 
of thing refere-se a
A working great. 
b styrofoam cups. 
c paper cups. 
d the sort of company. 
E help the planet.
Texto para as questões 5 e 6.
Assigning female genders to digital assistants such 
as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping entrench 
harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research 
released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and 
flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries – 
including outright abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women 
as subservient. 
“Because the speech of most voice assistants is 
female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile 
and eager-to-please helpers, available at the touch of a 
button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, 
the report said. 
“The assistant holds no power of agency beyond 
what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and 
responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In 
many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender 
biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor 
treatment.” The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush 
if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri assistant 
offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will 
respond: “Well, thanks for the feedback.”
The paper said such firms were “staffed by 
overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and have built AI 
(Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised 
digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch-me-if-
you-can flirtation”. 
Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender 
equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer 
attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are 
gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.” 
The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado.
5 Fuvest 2020 Conforme o texto, em relação às mu-
lheres, um efeito decorrente do fato de assistentes 
digitais reforçarem estereótipos de gênero é
A a inclusão de uma única voz nos dispositivos. 
b a normalização de formas de assédio sexista. 
c o poder de influência positiva sobre as pessoas.
d o incremento de vendas e customização de robôs. 
E a busca por formas que reflitam problemas sociais.
6 Fuvest 2020 De acordo com o texto, na opinião de 
Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteli-
gência Artificial, entre outros aspectos, 
A são desenvolvidas segundo normas prescritas em 
convenções internacionais. 
b devem ser monitoradas por empresas multinacio-
nais geridas por mulheres. 
c funcionam melhor quando associadas a dispositi-
vos sincronizados em escala mundial. 
d dependem de atualização constante para garantia 
de desempenho satisfatório. 
E requerem avaliação ampla, quanto à possível 
presença de elementos tendenciosos em sua 
concepção.
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98 LÍNGUA INGLESA Capítulo 28 Getting your message across 
Texto para as questões 1 e 2.
In My Arms
As I hold you in my arms
and you gently rock to sleep.
I try to memorize your face,
your tiny hands and feet.
For I know too soon this moment
will just a memory be... 
You’ll be grown and on your own
and no longer needing me
to kiss your hurts and dry your eyes
and rock you till you sleep.
So, I’ll treasure every moment
to have memories I can keep.
SCHWARTZ, Julie. In my arms. Disponível em: <www.scrapbooking-online.com/
ideas_B.htm>. Acesso em: 19 jul. 2010.
1 UFBA 2011 Based on the poem, follow the instructions: 
• Identify who the pronoun you refers to in this poem.
• Say what the poet is trying to memorize and why.
• Mention the special occasions on which the poet 
will no longer be needed.
2 UFBA 2011 Fill in the blanks with the alternative that, 
according to the poem, completes the statements 
correctly. 
a) “As” (v. 1) can be replaced by 
(Because/While/Although/Then/Therefore)
b) “For” (v. 5) expresses 
(time/choice/contrast/reason/addition)
c) “So” (v. 11) is the same as 
(Thus/Moreover/Though/Whether/Nevertheless)
Texto para as questões de 3 a 5.
The art of difference
Mutuality in recognizing and negotiating difference 
is crucial for people to deal with their past and the future; 
it is also essential in the process of creating a culture of 
responsibility. How can this be achieved and what is the 
role of art in this process? 
A vision based on ideologies solves both challenges of 
sharing – the interpretation of the past and the projections 
of the future. But ideologies are somehow “total”, if not 
totalitarian, because there is not much space for serious 
public negotiation. Individuals, then, lose their integrity or 
are restricted to their private spheres and, in the end, their 
memories become part of the dominant identity discourse, 
their aspirations are delegated. Even in less obvious 
systems of ideological rule, where individual subscription 
to the official story line seems to be consciously voluntary 
and collective memories are willingly encouraged for the 
sake of collective identities, the negotiation of difference 
is often not welcome: exclusion happens quickly and 
non-conformist doubts produce suspicion. 
A democratic vision – shared aspirations for the future, 
based on negotiated interpretations of the past that respect 
diversity – is necessarily found in complex processes 
of private and public discourse and participatory and 
inclusive culture. Yet, politics tends to reduce complexity 
and engineer the balance between the individual and the 
collective rather than invest in processes of negotiation. 
We have learned, though, that this social engineering 
is a phantasm, largely limited and limiting, and, even if 
successful, often creates paranoid and fatal structures of 
homogeneity by trying to mould memories and hopes. 
Humankind has gathered impressive knowledge about 
the limitations of the human will and the failures of such 
“engineering”. Nevertheless, despite this, and maybe even 
because of it, we cannot give up trying the impossible: to 
create conditions for equality and solidarity for individuals 
to flourish. These conditions should be accompanied by 
narratives of a just, fair and free commonwealth of all. If 
history and memory seem to make this dream an unlikely 
scenario, can art play this part? 
The role of art is precisely to keep inspiration alive, 
to deconstruct ideology, to recall the necessary dream 
of freedom, of the individual and of the common good 
beyond the “either/or” and beyond simplicity. In this sense, 
art in general prevents false hopes, and thus generates hope 
in the most paradoxical way: the only way of hoping that 
reaches beyond the private sphere without some kind of 
ideological distortion. 
What makes art so unique? And why? Because 
the best narratives of art are purpose-free, uniquely 
non-instrumental, simply human. Art narrates what we 
don’t understand in enlightened ways. Artists in particular 
offer a wealth of unseen perspectives and unexpected 
pathways of human exploration. Art makes us aware that 
all memories are personal, despite the power of collective 
narratives. Arts and culture empower people to think freely, 
to imagine the unimagined, to feel responsible across 
borders and boundaries. Hopefully, the narratives of the 
future will be intercultural – and art will be the ally in the 
art of difference that needs to be further developed. “Art 
is about difference, art is difference”, as stated by Igor 
Dobricic*. And it is difference that will be at the origin of 
the new bonding narratives of confidence. 
*Igor Dobricic – dramaturgo sérvio
WAGNER, Gottfried. Disponível em: <alliancepublishing.org>.
3 Uerj 2013 A vision based on ideologies solves both 
challenges of sharing – the interpretation of the past andthe projections of the future. (l. 6, 7, 8)
The punctuation mark called dash, in the fragment 
above, signals the introduction of an explanation.
The dash is equivalent to the following connective:
A that is. 
b above all.
c in addition.
d for example.
5
10
Exercícios complementares
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
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Mulheres na Engenharia
Quando você pensa em alguém que faz engenharia, qual é a imagem que vem à sua mente? Debbie Sterling, engenheira, nascida nos 
Estados Unidos, e fundadora de uma companhia de brinquedos, fez essa pergunta à plateia de uma palestra, e a grande maioria disse que 
via um homem trabalhando com um computador ou um jovem parecido com o Mark Zuckerberg. Poucos imaginaram alguém como ela.
Para Debbie Sterling, não é uma coincidência que a maior parte da plateia não tenha imaginado uma mulher: apenas 11% dos engenheiros 
nos Estados Unidos são mulheres. Essa desigualdade é, segundo Debbie, lamentável, uma vez que engenheiros são responsáveis por 
muitas das mudanças tecnológicas que transformam o nosso mundo. Não incluir mulheres na engenharia impede que pontos de vista de 
metade da população humana sejam ouvidos e se transformem em inovações. 
A autora argumenta ainda que essa enorme disparidade se deve a fatores culturais; em particular, ela menciona como a própria escolha dos 
brinquedos para uma criança pode interferir de maneira altamente relevante na sua formação, fazendo com que os meninos desenvolvam 
melhor suas habilidades espaciais ao brincarem com brinquedos de construção, os quais não são comumente ofertados às garotas. Essa 
exclusão deixaria as meninas em desvantagem em carreiras que envolvem esse tipo de habilidade.
A fábrica de Debbie produz brinquedos de montar para meninas, incentivando-as a desenvolver habilidades relativas à engenharia. É uma 
proposta para reverter esse quadro do mercado de trabalho norte-americano.
Na sua opinião, o que esse projeto representa para o desenvolvimento da sociedade? Que outras ideias poderíamos adicionar a ele?
Saiba mais em: STERLING, Debbie. “Inspiring The Next Generation of Female Engineers”. TED. Disponível em: https://humanengineers.com/
inspiring-the-next-generation-of-female-engineers-debbie-sterling-tedxpsu/. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2020.
Texto complementar
4 Uerj 2013 We have learned, though, that this social engineering is a phantasm, (l. 27, 28)
Nevertheless, despite this, and maybe even because of it, we cannot give up trying the impossible: (l. 33, 34)
The connectives underlined express the same notion.
They could be replaced by:
A so 
b thus
c however
d therefore
5 Uerj 2013 Writers use different strategies in order to try to form more effective alliances with readers.
The resource used in the last paragraph to establish this alliance is in the use of:
A nouns in the plural. 
b rhetorical questions.
c quotation by authority.
d first person plural pronouns.
Texto para a questão 6. 
To me, science is one way of connecting with the mystery of existence. And if you 
think of it that way, the mystery of existence is something that we have wondered about 
ever since people began asking questions about who we are and where we come from. So 
while those questions are now part of scientific research, they are much, much older than 
science. I’m talking about science as part of a much grander and older sort of questioning 
about who we are in the big picture of the universe. To me, as a theoretical physicist and 
also someone who spends time out in the mountains, this sort of questioning offers a 
deeply spiritual connection with the world, through my mind and through my body. Einstein would have said the same thing, 
I think, with his cosmic religious feeling.
Marcelo Gleiser, March 20, 2019.
(Adaptado de https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/atheism-is-inconsistent-with-the-scientific-method-prizewinning-physicist-says/?redirect=1. 
Acessado em 15/05/2019.)
6 Unicamp 2020 Qual das frases abaixo mais se aproxima das palavras de Gleiser reproduzidas acima?
A “O bom da ciência é que ela é verdadeira, quer se acredite nela ou não.” (Neil deGrasse Tyson)
b “Ciência é a única religião da humanidade.” (Arthur Clarke)
c “Ciência é a chave do nosso futuro.” (Bill Nye)
d “Ciência não é apenas compatível com espiritualidade; é uma profunda fonte de espiritualidade.” (Carl Sagan)
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100 LÍNGUA INGLESA Capítulo 28 Getting your message across 
Organização textual: estratégia eficiente para 
escrever em Língua Inglesa
a) Elementos de coerência textual
» Pronomes:
 – pessoais.
 – possessivos.
 – relativos.
b) Defining e non-defining relative clauses.
c) Connectors, com a função de:
 – contraste.
 – adição.
 – causa e consequência.
 – finalidade.
 – tempo.
 – comparação.
 – exemplificação.
 – conformidade.
 
Resumindo
Quer saber mais?
Sites
 y DEL GIUDICE, Marguerite. Why It’s Crucial to Get More Women Into Science. National Geographic, 2014. 
Disponível em: <http://p.p4ed.com/CJHBK>. 
 y AAUW
American Association of University Women (AAUW) é uma organização sem fins lucrativos que fomenta o acesso de meninas e mulheres à edu-
cação e à pesquisa acadêmica e científica. No site é possível encontrar dados sobre o tema e artigos sobre a atuação das mulheres nas mais 
diversas áreas de conhecimento.
Disponível em: <https://www.aauw.org/resources/research/the-stem-gap/>.
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