Vision IAS CSAT Test-7 2023 cse_updates(1)

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VISION IAS 
www.visionias.in
TEST BOOKLET 
CSAT APTITUDE TEST– (4023) – 2023 
Time Allowed: Two Hours Maximum Marks: 200
INSTRUCTIONS 
1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK THAT THIS BOOKLET
DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A
COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.
2. ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST BOOKLET SERIES A, B, C OR D AS THE CASE MAY BE IN THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN
THE ANSWER SHEET.
3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in
the Box provided alongside. DO NOT write anything else on
the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 80 items (Questions). Each item is printed in English. Each item comprises four
responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel
that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider most appropriate. In any
case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See direction in the answers
sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks. Attempt all items. Your total marks will depend only on the number of correct
responses marked by you in the answer sheet. For every incorrect response one-third of the allotted Marks will
be deducted.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer sheet the response to various items in the Test booklet, you have to
fill in some particulars in the answer sheets as per the instruction sent to you with your Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all responses on the answer sheet and the examination has concluded, you
should hand over to Invigilator only the answer sheet. You are permitted to take away with you the Test
Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
DO NOT OPEN THIS BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO 
C 
 
 
 
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Directions for following 3 (three) items: 
Consider the given information and answer the three 
items that follow. 
In a motor race competition, certain rules are given for 
the participants to follow, to control the direction and 
speed of the motorists. Guards are placed at different 
signal points with caps of different colours. 
Guards with red caps indicate the direction of 
participants’ movement. Guards with green caps 
indicate the speed of participants’ movement. At any 
signal point presence of three guards, two guards and 
one guard with red cap means the participant must stop, 
turn left and turn right respectively; no red cap guard 
means no change in direction. Signal points with three 
guards, two guards and one guard with green cap means 
the participants must move at 10, 4 and 2 km/hour 
respectively; no green cap guard means no change in 
speed. 
Kartikay, one of the participants, starts at a point where 
his car was heading towards north and he encountered 
the signals as follows: at the starting point one guard 
with green cap; after half an hour two guards with red 
cap and two guards with green cap at first signal; after 
fifteen minutes one guard with red cap at second signal; 
after half an hour one guard with red cap and three 
guards with green cap at the third signal; after 24 
minutes two guards with red cap and two guards with 
green cap at fourth signal; after 15 minutes three guards 
with red cap at fifth signal. (Time mentioned in each 
case is the one spent after crossing the previous signal.) 
1. Total distance travelled by Kartikay from
starting point till the last signal is:
(a) 9 km
(b) 10 km
(c) 8 km
(d) 12 km
2. What would have been the final position of
Kartikay if one guard with red cap and two 
guards with green caps were placed at the first 
signal point? 
(a) 3.0 km to the west and 2.0 km to the south
(b) 3.0 km to the west and 4.0 km to the north
(c) 5.0 km to the east and 4.0 km to the north
(d) 2.0 km to the west and 4.0 km to the south
3. If at the starting point Kartikay was heading
towards south, what would have been his final 
position? 
(a) 3.0 km to the east and 4.0 km to the south
(b) 5.0 km to the east and 4.0 km to the south
(c) 3.0 km to the west and 4.0 km to the south
(d) 5.0 km to the west and 2.0 km to the north
4. In the following question, the relationship
between different elements is shown in the 
statement. The statement is followed by two 
conclusions. Choose the correct answer on the 
basis of the information given below. 
Statement: m> n ≥ p > r = a ≤ b < d 
Conclusions: 
I. r < d
II. n > b
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Either Conclusion I or II follows
(c) Only Conclusion II follows
(d) Both Conclusions I and II follow
 
 
 
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5. Which one of the following diagrams best
indicates the relationship between Inspector,
Painter and Poet.
Select the answer using the correct code. 
(a) a
(b) c
(c) d
(d) e
6. In a party 6 persons can dance on Punjabi
songs, 15 can dance on English songs, and 6
persons can dance on Hindi songs. 2 persons in
the party can dance on two categories of songs
and one can dance on all the three categories of
songs. If each person in the party dance on at
least one of the three category of songs viz.
Punjabi songs, English songs and Hindi songs,
then how many persons must be there in the
party?
(a) 23
(b) 22
(c) 21
(d) 24
7. In this question, there are four sets of
statements given. Select the set that is most
logical, i.e. in which the third statement can be
concluded from the first two statements.
Set-I. All shirts are white. All jeans are shirts.
All jeans are white.
Set-II. All mobiles are keyboard. No keyboard
is mouse. All mobiles are not mouse.
Set-III. No Dogs can bark. All cats are
cowards. Dogs are cowards.
Set-IV. No one is two. No two is three. No one
is three.
(a) Only Set-I
(b) Only Set-II
(c) Only Set-I and II
(d) Only Set-IV
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 
Read the following two passages and answer the items 
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items 
should be based on the passages only. 
Passage – 1 
The physical and behavioural changes that make natural 
selection possible happen at the level of DNA and 
genes within the gametes, the sperm or egg cells 
through which parents pass on genetic material to their 
offspring. Such changes are called mutations. Mutations 
can be caused by random errors in DNA replication or 
repair, or by chemical or radiation damage. Usually, 
mutations are either harmful or neutral, but in rare 
instances, a mutation might prove beneficial to the 
organism. If so, it will become more prevalent in the 
next generation and spread throughout the population. 
In this way, natural selection guides the evolutionary 
process, preserving and adding up the beneficial 
mutations and rejecting the bad ones. 
 
 
 
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8. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Mutation combined with natural selection
is beneficial for a species.
2. Mutations are always a natural phenomena.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Passage – 2 
Farmers due to dogged work and low profit shifted 
from traditional agriculture towards the modern one. 
Modern agriculture, however, enhanced food 
productivity but with the acceleration of several 
environmental problems such as climate change, food 
unsafety, biodiversity loss, soil degradation and 
environmental pollution. Modern agriculture is a major 
driver of the loss of crop genetic resources in the Third 
World due to the adoption of High Yielding Varieties 
and the planting of vast fields with genetically uniform 
cultivars. Traditional agricultural practices are usually 
restrictedto small farmers. Traditional vegetables grow 
well in drought-prone areas. Traditional vegetable 
knowledge is under serious threat due to habitat loss, 
the introduction of new varieties, historical policies, the 
stigma attached to the use of traditional vegetables and 
altered lifestyles. In the context of sustainable food 
production in changing climate, the adoption of 
climate-smart traditional practices is an urgent need. It 
is the right time to rediscover and re-implement 
traditional practices to improve the socio-ecological 
integrity of agroecosystems. Integration of traditional 
agriculture with modern agriculture is a necessity in the 
current scenario. This integration would bridge the huge 
gap between indigenous and modern peasants. 
9. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Traditional agro-ecosystem is recognized
as a time-tested model of sustainable
agriculture systems.
2. Traditional agricultural system is
characterized by high productivity and low
energy inputs.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
10. Which of the following are the issues
associated with Modern agriculture?
1. Loss of diversity of genetic resources
2. Effect on human health
3. Erosion of traditional agricultural 
knowledge
4. Excessive use of agro-chemicals
Select the correct answer from the code given 
below: 
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
11. Which among the following is the most logical
and rational inference that can be drawn from
the above passage?
(a) Different farming systems explain the
correlation between climate change and
agriculture.
(b) We need to reorient agricultural practices
to ensure sustainable food production in
changing climate.
(c) Farmers engaged in traditional
agroecosystems are dependent on locally
available resources and indigenous
technology.
(d) A complete shift from modern agriculture
to traditional agriculture is needed to
mitigate climate change.
 
 
 
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12. Three Statements followed by four Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically follows/
follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: Some fishes are cats.
Statement-2: Some cats are human.
Statement-3: Some humans are animals.
Conclusion-I: Some animals are fishes.
Conclusion-II: Some humans are fishes.
Conclusion-III: Some animals are cats.
Conclusion-IV: Some fishes are animals.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
(b) Only Conclusion-II and Conclusion-IV
(c) Only Conclusion-III and Conclusion-IV
(d) None of the Conclusion follows
13. In this question, there are three sets of
statements given. Select the set that is most
logical, i.e. in which the third statement can be
concluded from the first two statements.
Set-I. Some maps are globe. Some globes are
highlighter. Some maps are highlighter.
Set-II. All bikes are cars. Some cars are black.
Some bikes are black.
Set-III. No horse is black. Only black have
hairs. No horse has hairs.
(a) Only Set I and II
(b) Only Set III
(c) Only Set II
(d) None of these
14. x < 11 represents which of the following
intervals?
(a) (11, ∞)
(b) [11, ∞]
(c) (- ∞, 11]
(d) (-∞, 11)
15. In the following question relationship between
different elements is shown in the statements.
The statements are followed by three
conclusions. Choose the correct answer on the
basis of information given below.
Statements: x ≤ y < z, z = n > y, u ≥ n > r, r < p
= z
Conclusion:
I. x < z
II. y = p
III. r > z
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II and III follow
(c) Either Conclusion I or III follows
(d) All the Conclusions follow
16. In the following question relationship between
different elements is shown in the statements.
The statement is followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer on the basis of
information given below.
Statement: A< B ≤ C ≤ D = E > F > G
Conclusions:
I. B = E
II. E > B
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Either Conclusion I or II follows
(c) Only Conclusion II follows
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
 
 
 
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Directions for the following 5 (five) items: 
Read the following two passages and answer the items 
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items 
should be based on the passages only. 
Passage – 1 
Common sense suggests that the poverty line should 
vary over regions mainly because of the variations of 
tastes and preferences and the price structures over the 
regions. Hence, determining components of the Poverty 
Line Basket has been one of the key challenges of 
poverty line estimation in India due to price 
differentials (of constituents of the basket) which vary 
from state to state and period to period. Further, 
consumption patterns, nutritional needs and prices of 
components keep on changing as per dynamics of 
macro economy and demography. Large divergences 
opened up between the poverty rates calculated by the 
“direct” method based on actual calorie intakes vis-à-
vis the minimum requirements and the “indirect” 
method based on per capital expenditures vis-à-vis the 
periodically updated poverty lines. A significant 
percentage of households above the expenditure-based 
poverty line were unable to meet the minimum calorie 
requirements. This called into question the practice of 
defining a “poor household” solely based on its per 
capita monthly expenditure vis-à-vis a poverty line 
expenditure cut off without considering the household’s 
access to a wide set of dimensions. 
17. Why is the methodology adopted in India to
estimate the Poverty Line debatable?
(a) There is some confusion regarding what
should constitute the 'poverty line’.
(b) There are wide diversities in the condition
of the rural and urban poor.
(c) There is no uniform global standard for
measuring income poverty.
(d) It is based on the proposition of poverty as
meagre income or buying capacity.
18. Why is income poverty only one measure of
counting the 'poor'?
(a) It talks of only one kind of deprivation,
ignoring all others.
(b) Other deprivations in human life have
nothing to do with a lack of purchasing
power.
(c) Income poverty is not a permanent
condition; it changes from time to time.
(d) Income poverty restricts human choices
only at a point in time.
Passage – 2 
If a man in a given geographical area lacks a job, he is 
likely to be poor and disenfranchised; if he is poor and 
disenfranchised, he has an incentive to engage in 
practices that harm ecology, for example, by cutting 
down trees for firewood to cook his meals and warm his 
home. As his actions are aggregated with those of 
others in his region cutting down trees, deforestation 
will cause vital minerals to be lost from the soil. If vital 
minerals are lost from the soil, the inhabitants will be 
deprived of the dietary nutrients required to sustain the 
intellectual performance needed to learn new 
technologies, for example, how to operate a computer, 
and this will cause productivity to reduce or stagnate. If 
productivity stagnates, poor people will remain poor or 
poorer, and the cycle continues. 
19. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Everything a man does on earth has
implications for the environment.
2. The geography of an area directly affects
the economy and environment of the
region.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 
 
 
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20. The cycle of poverty continues due to which of
the following?
1. Lack of skills to get a job
2. Environmental degradation
Select the correct answer using the code given 
below. 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None
21. Which among the following statement
represents the crux of the passage?
(a) It is essential to create a balance between
environmental, economic, and social
sustainability.
(b) The cycle of poverty can be broken with a
better diet and technological know-how.
(c) The limited means and resources on the
earth cannot be enough for the unlimited
needs of the people.
(d) Knowledge of new technologies, especially
computers, is essential to get a good job.
22. Examine the following statements:
1. Madhuri is more successful than Kajol.
2. Shyra is more successful than Madhuri.
3. Kajol is not more successful than Sonali.
The conclusion that can be drawn from these 
statements is that 
(a) Sonali is as successful as Madhuri.
(b) Sonali is as successful as Madhuri and
Shyra.
(c) Kajol maybe the least successful of the four
girls.
(d) Shyra is more successful than Sonali.
23. Kamna, Dimple and Pallavi are three married
women. Each of them gives two replies to any
question, one of which is true and the other is
false, not necessarily in the same order.
Following were the replies they gave when it
was asked whose husband is the richest:
1. Kamna: My husband is the richest.
Pallavi’s husband is second richest.
2. Dimple: My husband is the richest.
Kamna’s husband is second richest.
3. Pallavi: My husband is the richest.
Kamna’s husband is third richest.
Which of the following is the correct order of 
the wives with richest, second richest and third 
richest husband respectively? 
(a) Pallavi, Dimple and Kamna
(b) Dimple, Kamna and Pallavi
(c) Dimple, Pallavi and Kamna
(d) Pallavi, Kamna and Dimple
Directions for the following 2 (two) items: 
Study the following information and answer the two 
items that follow. 
In a five - letter English word (which may or may not 
be a meaningful English word), there are two letters 
between M and G. Neither A nor N is at any end. A is 
second to the left of G. M is to the right of O. 
24. Which of the following words will be formed
based on the given conditions?
(a) NAMGO
(b) GOMAN
(c) MANGO
(d) OMANG
 
 
 
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25. Which of the following is true with respect to
the word thus formed?
(a) O and G are not at any end of the word.
(b) A is not the middle letter of the word.
(c) M is second to the left of N.
(d) O is an immediate neighbor of N.
26. In the following question relationship between
ages of few friends is shown in the statement.
The statement is followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer on the basis of
information given below.
Statement: Ram > Trisha < Suresh = Rakesh ≥
Sita
Conclusions:
I. Ram > Rakesh
II. Suresh > Sita
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Both Conclusion I and II follow
(c) Only Conclusion II follows
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
27. Study the figure given below and answer the
question that follows.
What is the sum of the numbers that fall inside 
three figures only and those that fall inside all 
the four figures? 
(a) 25
(b) 27
(c) 29
(d) 34
28. Which of the following combination of circles
best represents the relationship between a
fitness fan, an army officer, and a hockey
player?
(a)
(b) 
(c) 
(d) 
29. In this question, there are three sets of
statements given. Select the set that is most
logical, i.e. in which the third statement can be
concluded from the first two statements.
Set 1. All cars are electric vehicle. All electric
vehicles are pollution free. All cars are
pollution free.
Set 2. All women have a makeup kit. Shikha
has a makeup kit. Shikha is a woman.
Set 3. All chairs are wooden. All furniture is
wooden. All furniture is chairs.
(a) Only Set 1 follows
(b) Only Set 1 and 2 follow
(c) Only Set 2 follows
(d) Only Set 1 and 3 follow
 
 
 
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30. Three Statements followed by four Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically follows/
follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: All managers are female.
Statement-2: Some males are managers.
Statement-3: All population are male.
Conclusion-I: All population are female.
Conclusion-II: Some population are manager.
Conclusion-III: Some female are managers.
Conclusion-IV: All males are females.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
(b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) Only Conclusion-II and Conclusion-III
(d) Only Conclusion-III
Directions for following 3 (three) items: 
Study the following information and answer the three 
items that follow. 
Four married couples competed in a singing 
competition. Each couple had a unique team name. 
Points scored by the teams were 2, 4, 6 and 8. The 
“Sweet couple” won 2 points. The “Bindass Singers” 
won two more points than Laxman’s team. Mukesh’s 
team won four more points than Lina’s team, but Lina’s 
team didn’t score the least number of points. “Just 
singing” team won 6 points. Waheda wasn’t on the 
team called “New Singers”. Sanjeev’s team won 4 
points. Divya wasn’t on the “Bindass Singers” team. 
Tapas and Sania were on the same team, but it wasn’t 
the team “Sweet Couple”. 
31. Laxman’s teammate and team’s name 
were:
(a) Divya and Sweet Couple
(b) Divya and Just Singing
(c) Waheda and Bindas Singers
(d) Waheda and Sweet Couple
32. The teams arranged in the ascending order of
points are:
(a) Bindas Singers, Just Singing, New Singers,
Sweet Couple
(b) Sweet Couple, New Singers, Just Singing,
Bindas Singers
(c) New Singers, Sweet Couple, Bindas
Singers, Just Singing
(d) Sweet Couple, Bindas Singers, Just
Singing, New Singers
33. The combination which has the couples rightly
paired is:
(a) Mukesh, Lina
(b) Mukesh, Waheda
(c) Sanjeev, Divya
(d) Sanjeev, Lina
34. If height of Anurag is greater than Mukesh;
height of Mukesh is less than Kajal, and height
of Kajal is equal to Shiva, then which of the
following conclusion/conclusions is/are correct.
Conclusions:
I. Anurag > Kajal
II. Shiva < Anurag
III. Mukesh > Shiva
(a) Either I or II follows
(b) Only II follows
(c) All I, II and III follow
(d) None follows
 
 
 
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35. In the following question relationship between
different elements is shown in the statement.
The statement is followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer on the basis of the
information given below.
Statement: 6 ≥ 8 < 5 ≥ 2 = 9 ≥ 7
Conclusions:
I. 7 > 8
II. 8 ≤ 9
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusion I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
Directions for the following 3 (three) items: 
Study the following information and answer the three 
items that follow. 
1. Seven students A, B, C, D, E, F and G take a series
of tests. 
2. No two students get the same marks.
3. G always scores more than A
4. A always scores more than B.
5. If C scores the highest marks, then E gets the least
marks, and vice-versa. If C scores the second highest 
marks, D scores the highest marks, and F or B score the 
least marks. 
36. If C gets the most marks, G would be ranked
not lower than
(a) Second
(b) Third
(c) Fourth
(d) Fifth
37. If C is ranked second and B is ranked fifth,
which of these must be true?
(a) D is ranked third
(b) A is ranked third
(c) A is ranked sixth
(d) E is ranked sixth
38. If D is ranked sixth, B is rankedfifth, and E is
ranked the lowest, which of the following can
be true?
(a) G is ranked fifth or fourth
(b) C is ranked second or third
(c) A is ranked second or fifth
(d) F is ranked third or fourth
39. Three Statements followed by four Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically follows/
follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: Some trains are buses.
Statement-2: Some buses are road.
Statement-3: All fast tags are buses.
Conclusion-I: All fast tags are roads.
Conclusion-II: Some fast tags are trains.
Conclusion-III: Some trains are roads.
Conclusion-IV: Some fast tags are not trains.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) Either Conclusion-II or IV
(c) Either Conclusion-I or III
(d) Only Conclusion-I and IV
 
 
 
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40. Two Statements followed by two Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically follows
follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: Some Caps are Red.
Statement-2: Blood is Red.
Conclusion-I: Some Caps are Blood.
Conclusion-II: Some Red is Blood.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
(d) None of the Conclusions
41. Ram’s salary is more than Shyam’s salary, but
less than Mayank’s salary. On the other hand,
Vijay’s salary is more than that of Ganesh.
Mayank’s salary, however, is less than the
salary of Ganesh. Whose salary is the lowest?
(a) Vijay
(b) Mayank
(c) Shyam
(d) Ram
42. Examine the following statements:
1. All class 10th students are intelligent.
2. Some class 10th students may be bungler.
3. Shreyansh is a class 10th student.
4. Some class 10th students are not intelligent.
Given that statement 4 is true, what can be 
concluded? 
(a) 1 and 2 are true.
(b) 2 is true.
(c) 2 and 3 are false.
(d) None of these
Directions for the following 3 (three) items: 
Read the following two passages and answer the items 
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items 
should be based on the passages only. 
Passage – 1 
Many other government expenditures for the benefit of 
the privileged classes have escaped the purview of 
current debate. We are focusing only on expenditure 
that is either a subsidy going to the rich or is wasteful. 
For example, giving land to industries at a highly 
subsidised rate, writing off loans worth crores of rupees 
to industrialists, continuous rise in government 
expenditure on self-promotion, and huge sums spent on 
so-called development projects or beautification 
projects. Several tax exemptions and tax holidays too 
add to the problem of dwindling fiscal health. 
43. According to the passage, what constitutes a
subsidy to the rich -
1. Expenditure of beautification projects
2. The very act of allocating land to industries
3. Free education and health services to the
needy
Which of the statements given above is/are 
correct? 
(a) All 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) None of the above
44. Based on the above passage, the following
assumptions have been made:
1. Providing any freebie to marginalized
sections is the responsibility of the
government.
2. Providing any freebie to the rich is not the
responsibility of the district administration.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 
 
 
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Passage – 2 
The mind is a garden that contains the seeds of 
understanding, forgiveness and love. It can also 
incubate traits that make us violent or peaceful, 
understanding or intolerant. Teachers help to water the 
positive seeds and weed out the ones that make us 
ignorant, cause fear and stoke hatred. A thinking 
educator can create a learning environment filled with 
compassion. 
45. Consider the following statements:
The role of a teacher is to
1. Inculcate the values of tranquility and
comprehension
2. Uproot traits of aggression and bigotry
3. Create a learning environment of 
indifference 
Which of the statements given above is/are 
correct? 
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
46. In the following question, relationship between
different elements is shown in the statement.
The statement is followed by two conclusions.
Choose the correct answer on the basis of the
information given below.
Statement: R≤T≤Q = C>B>D
Conclusions:
I. R < B
II. C ≤ R
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusion I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
47. Examine the diagram given here carefully and
answer the question that follow.
How many people like listening to music and 
eating, but not both? 
(a) 17
(b) 55
(c) 49
(d) None of these.
48. In a certain police station, 20 officers are in
ATS and 14 officers are in cyber security. 8
officers belong to both ATS and cyber security.
How many officers belong to cyber security
only or ATS only?
(a) 14
(b) 12
(c) 18
(d) 9
49. Consider the following three statements:
1. Some Indians speak Hindi.
2. Some Russians speak Hindi.
3. All Hindi speaking Russians also speak
English.
Which one of the following conclusions can be 
drawn from the above statements? 
(a) All Hindi speakers also speak English.
(b) All Indians speak English.
(c) All Hindi speakers are Indians.
(d) None of the statements (1), (2) and (3)
given above are correct.
 
 
 
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50. In the following question relationship between
population of different cities is shown in the
statements. The statements are followed by two
conclusions. Choose the correct answer on the
basis of the information given below.
Statements: Kota ≥ Patna = Prayagraj; Patna <
Jaipur ≤ Gandhinagar
Conclusions:
I. Gandhinagar > Prayagraj
II. Jaipur > Kota
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Both Conclusion I and II follow.
(c) Either Conclusion I or II follows
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
51. Vedprakash and Sain Singh are preparing for
Civil Services Examinations, and read The
Hindu & Indian Express newspapers
respectively. In the test in which they both
appear, Vedprakash gets 30% questions from
the newspaper he reads, and Sain gets 20%
questions from the newspaper he reads. 10% of
total questions are from both newspapers. If the
test has 100 questions, how many questions in
total have been covered by these two
newspapers together?
(a) 10
(b) 40
(c) 50
(d) 55
Directions for the following 3 (three) items: 
Read the following three passages and answer the 
items that follow. Your answers to these items should 
be based on the passages only. 
Passage—1 
It seems that India does not have enough jobs and it is 
clear that the country also does not have robust enough 
job data. Government has set up a task force headed by 
NITI Aayog vice-chairman to evolve a methodology to 
generate timely and reliable employment data, 
signaling, in the process, a key priority of its remaining 
tenure: job creation. The lack of sufficient and timely 
information has often led to ill-informed and politicised 
debates, such as the one India witnessed in 2009-10 
when a survey revealed the phenomenon of jobless 
growth and so-called casualization of the workforce 
(meaning fewer people were finding jobs in the 
organized sector). 
52. Which of the following is the most logical
corollary to the above passage?
(a) The phenomenon of jobless growthand
casualization of the workforce began in
India around 2009-10.
(b) The topmost priority of government in its
remaining tenure is job creation.
(c) In India the debates surrounding job
creation have often been politicized.
(d) Reason for government setting up task
force is its inability to create enough jobs in
its tenure in office.
Passage—2 
As if it wasn’t enough to experience the trauma of a 
nuclear bomb explosion in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 
many hibakusha (atomic bomb survivors) also faced 
appalling discrimination. It appears their children and 
grandchildren still do — as do those who were caught 
up in the Fukushima No. 1 nuclear disaster in 2011. 
Stories in newspapers often exaggerate the risks and 
fears surrounding radiation, as do lobby groups opposed 
to nuclear energy. Shimako Yamaguchi, 94, recounted 
her memories of the Nagasaki bomb. She’s been 
plagued by nightmares about the dying people she had 
to leave behind. 
 
 
 
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53. Which one among the following inferences
cannot be rationally and logically drawn from
the above passage?
(a) The trauma of a nuclear bomb cannot be
erased in a short span.
(b) Misinformation breeds discrimination.
(c) Psychological support to atomic bomb
survivors is of utmost importance.
(d) Many people have been witness to both,
bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and
nuclear disaster in 2011.
Passage—3 
Safe food is one which has minimum pesticide residues, 
metals and other contaminants and is practically safe in 
the hands of consumer without any harmful effects. 
There have been many instances when commodities 
exported by India have been rejected by importing 
countries under Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary 
Regulations. Recent examples are concerns of EU 
regarding high pesticide residue levels in grapes during 
2004-05 and rejection of sesame exports by Russia due 
to its poor quality. Thus, strict monitoring from 
production to transport, processing, handling, packing, 
etc. is absolutely necessary. 
54. Which among the following is/are the most
logical and rational inference(s) that can be
made from the above passage?
1. Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Regulations
are costing the developing countries dearly.
2. India has been a major exporter of grapes
to EU countries.
3. The pesticides, metals and other
contaminants enter food at the production
stage only.
Choose the correct answer from the codes 
given below: 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) None of the above
55. Three Statements followed by four Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically follows/
follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: All pens are eraser.
Statement-2: All erasers are scale.
Statement-3: All scales are clips.
Conclusion-I: All erasers are clips.
Conclusion-II: All scales are pens.
Conclusion-III: All pens are clips.
Conclusion-IV: All clips are erasers.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
(b) Only Conclusion-II and Conclusion-III
(c) Only Conclusion-I and Conclusion-III
(d) All Conclusions follow
56. Two Statements followed by two Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically
follows/follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: All young population go to Gym.
Statement-2: Abhishek doesn’t go to Gym.
Conclusion-I: Abhishek is not young.
Conclusion-II: Going to Gym is not essential
to be a young population.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) Both Conclusion-I and Conclusion-II
(d) None of the Conclusion follows
 
 
 
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Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 
Read the following three passages and answer the items 
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items 
should be based on the passages only. 
Passage – 1 
The academic structure worldwide is driven by market 
values, privatisation of higher education and utilitarian 
degree programmes that produce highly specialised 
graduates who can quickly become part of a skilled 
labour force. A general perception is that arts and 
humanities graduates are less equipped to contribute to 
the workforce compared to STEM (science, technology, 
engineering and math) or business degree holders. The 
pandemic has enhanced this perception, exacerbating a 
drastic decline of resources, encouraging academic 
redundancies and closing down of several arts and 
humanities degree programmes. If anything, the 
pandemic has taught us that solutions to real-world 
problems lie in a sustained collaboration across 
disciplines. Not only do we need more arts and 
humanities programmes, but we argue that engineering 
and generally STEM degree programmes must include 
arts and humanities courses. 
57. According to the passage what are the reasons
for closing down of several arts and humanities
degree programmes?
1. Pandemic
2. Lack of interest
3. Perceived low utility of these subjects
Which of the statements given above is/are 
correct? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
58. According to the passage, solutions to real-
world problems lie in:
1. Including STEM courses in arts and
humanities programmes
2. Collaboration among countries excelling in
arts and humanities courses
3. Incorporating arts and humanities courses
in STEM degree programmes
Which of the statements given above is/are 
correct? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
Passage – 2 
We have become more focused on competing against 
each other rather than providing children with what 
they need. Our socialisation makes us applaud only 
certain types of achievement — we don’t even look for 
other things our children may be good at. But when a 
system defines successes narrowly, it leaves out a huge 
number of youngsters. Parents tend to worry about the 
rising costs of coaching during and after school, the 
rising costs of college fees, whether their children will 
find a livelihood and most of all how will they live up 
to their own and societal expectations. They often end 
up feeling helpless, with the child becoming the victim 
of their frustrations. 
59. With reference to the above passage, the
following assumptions have been made:
1. A child’s achievement and its appreciation
by parents is externally influenced.
2. In our society, the ambit of achievement is
not broadly defined.
3. Parents are worried most about their
children’s livelihood.
Which of the above assumptions are valid? 
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 only
(d) 2 only
 
 
 
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Passage – 3 
Education and health are foundational to every society. 
Examples of India’s capabilities in these areas are easy 
to find. Indian education produces global CEOs and 
Indian private healthcare systems have been providing 
services to medical tourists from many parts of the 
world. But these are exceptions and not the rule. 
Moreover, equity has no place in such outliers. 
60. On the basis of the passage given above, the
following assumptions have been made:
1. Indian education lags behind the global
standards in terms of output.
2. The world is getting benefits of medical
services from the Indian healthcare system.
Which of the above assumptions are valid? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
61. In the following question relationship between
different elementsis shown in the statements.
The statements are followed by two
conclusions. Choose the correct answer on the
basis of the information given below.
Statements: C ≥ M ≥ I < F; R > N = I ≥ B
Conclusions:
I. R > M
II. F > N
(a) Only Conclusion I follows
(b) Only Conclusion II follows
(c) Both Conclusion I and II follow
(d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
62. 40 parents came for a parents-teacher meeting
in a school. Some parents can understand only
Hindi and some can understand only English,
while there are 10 parents who can understand
both languages. If the number of parents who
can understand Hindi is 20, then how many
parents can understand only English and only
Hindi respectively?
(a) 10, 30
(b) 20, 10
(c) 30, 20
(d) 20, 30
63. Three Statements followed by four Conclusions
are given below. You have to take the
Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from the commonly known facts.
Read all the Conclusions and then decide which
of the given Conclusions logically
follows/follow from the Statements:
Statement-1: Some Watches are Mango.
Statement-2: Some Books are Mango.
Statement-3: All Mangos are Books .
Conclusion-I: Some Watches are Books.
Conclusion-II: All Books are Mango.
Conclusion-III: All Mangos are Watches.
Conclusion-IV: All Books are Watches.
Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Only Conclusion-I
(b) Only Conclusion-II
(c) Only Conclusion-I and Conclusion-IV
(d) Only Conclusion-II and Conclusion-IV
 
 
 
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Direction for the following 3 (three) items: 
Consider the information given below and answer the 
three items that follow. 
A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are eight friends sitting 
around a circular table and facing outwards. No two 
women are sitting next to each other. E is sitting second 
to the right of her husband and third to the left of C. F 
sits second to the right of his wife H, who is not an 
immediate neighbour of E's husband. D is a male and 
he is not E's husband. G is not an immediate neighbour 
of E. B sits second to the right of A. It is known that 
there are three females and five males in the group. 
64. Who is the husband of E?
(a) B
(b) G
(c) C
(d) A
65. Who is sitting third to the left of E’s husband?
(a) C
(b) B
(c) A
(d) D
66. Who is sitting opposite to A?
(a) C
(b) F
(c) D
(d) H
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 
Read the following four passages and answer the items 
that follow each passage. Your answers to these items 
should be based on the passages only. 
Passage – 1 
Giving food to the needy is a tradition all religions 
follow; food gifts, and hosting community meals are 
central to festivities around the world. In addition to 
that, in India, festivals are associated with certain types 
of foods/ingredients, and that has helped preserve some 
of our ancient culinary wisdom and ways of cooking. 
For instance, some wild foods are brought to the plate 
only once a year as part of a ritualistic meal even 
though we might have forgotten how to utilise that food 
in our contemporary kitchens. 
67. What does the author refer to as ‘wild food’?
(a) Food which is generally cooked in forest
areas.
(b) Food which is supposed to be eaten by wild
people.
(c) Food which is no more cooked.
(d) Food which is cooked as a part of any
ritual.
Passage – 2 
The programme aims to increase women’s participation 
in space exploration – 30% of its engineers are women. 
In addition, the Artemis I mission will carry two 
mannequins designed to study the effects of radiation 
on women’s bodies so that NASA can learn how to 
protect female astronauts better. Female astronauts are 
currently less likely to be selected for missions than 
men because their bodies tend to hit NASA’s maximum 
acceptable threshold of radiation earlier. NASA expects 
to bring the first woman and person of colour to the 
Moon on Artemis III sometime after 2024. 
68. Which of the following is/are the most rational
and logical inference/ inferences that can be
made from the passage?
1. The proportion of women involved in space
exploration is abysmally low.
2. Females reach threshold of radiation earlier
than male astronauts.
Select the correct answer using the codes given 
below. 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
 
 
 
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Passage – 3 
I couldn’t sleep a wink the night before the release of 
Kamal Haasan starrer Vikram. I couldn’t remember 
when was the last time a movie got me so amped up. I 
still wonder exactly what aspect of this film made me 
feel so excited. Yes, of course, Kamal was making a 
comeback on the big screen after a gap of four years, 
and I was excited to see what Lokesh Kanagaraj has 
done with him. The film also packed a lot of star power, 
Fahadh Faasil and Vijay Sethupathi. During Kamal’s 
big-screen sabbatical, I watched movies of some of the 
biggest stars with bigger production value, helmed by 
superstar directors. Between 2018 and 2021, four 
Rajinikanth movies came out. None gave me a sleepless 
night. But, Vikram did. And why? I think it’s the sheer 
anticipation of being the witness to something bigger 
than the usual and the joy of being part of a shared 
celebration over a shared agenda: let’s just have some 
fun at the movies. I think my excitement was powered 
by the knowledge that I’m not going to the theatre to 
get my history lesson or see the story of an 
accomplished real person play out in an overused 
template, or watch a hyperbolic hero go supersonic on 
the most outdated version of the villain, or get a dose of 
morality lesson. Not that movies that fit in these 
categories are usually bad. But, over the last few years, 
they have sort of become a norm at the box office. 
69. Which of the following is/are most rational
and logical inference/ inferences that can be
made from the passage?
1. The genre of movies is getting repetitive.
2. The author wishes to participate in a
community celebration and enjoy viewing
movies.
3. Contemporary movies are packed with a lot
of stars.
Select the correct answer using the codes given 
below. 
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Passage – 4 
The melting of the Greenland ice sheet will 
unavoidably raise the global sea levels by at least 10.6 
inches or 27 centimetres, no matter what climate action 
the world decides to take right now. This is because of 
‘zombie ice’, which is certain to melt away from the ice 
cap and blend into the ocean. The calculation comes 
from a recent study published in the journal Nature 
Climate Change, where scientists for the first time 
calculated minimum ice loss in Greenland, and the 
corresponding rise in global sea level. Also referred to 
as dead or doomed ice, zombie ice is one that is not 
accumulating fresh snow even while continuing to be 
part of the parent ice sheet. Such ice is “committed” to 
melting away and increasing sea levels. This is on 
account of warming that has already happened. The 
research points to an equilibrium state where snowfall 
from the higher reaches of the Greenland ice cap flows 
down to recharge edges of the glaciers, and thicken 
them. It says that over the last several decades there has 
been more melting and less replenishment. By 
calculating minimum committed ice loss based on the 
ratio of recharge to loss, the scientists have projected 
that 3.3% of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt, 
and this will happen even if the global temperature is 
stabilized at the current level. But given that global 
warming is predicted to get worse, the melting and the 
corresponding rise in sea level could be much worse. 
The study says it could reach as much as 30 inches (78 
centimetres) if Greenland’s record meltyear (2012) 
becomes a routine phenomenon. 
 
 
 
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70. With reference to above passage, consider the
following statements.
1. The experts have conducted numerous
studies on the effects of the melting of the
minimum possible amount of Greenland's
ice.
2. Zombie ice does not accumulate fresh
snow.
Which of the statements given above is/are 
correct? 
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
71. The data collected in a survey conducted on
1200 tribal people that know different
languages is represented in the following Venn
diagram.
What will be the sum of the number of people 
who know all the three languages, with the 
number of people who don’t know any 
language? 
(a) 973
(b) 373
(c) 117
(d) 272
72. In a factory of 400 workers, 185 workers come
to factory in cars, 212 workers come on bikes,
and 127 workers on bicycles. 20 workers come
only on car and bicycle, 29 workers come only
on car and bike, 35 workers come only on bike
and bicycle, and 50 workers come on foot. How
many workers use only one vehicle?
(a) 272
(b) 172
(c) 221
(d) 284
Directions for the following 4 (four) items: 
Consider the information given below and answer the 
four items that follow. 
Due to astrological reasons, a mother named all her 
daughters with the alphabet “K” as Kamla. Kamlesh, 
Kriti, Kripa, Kranti and Kalpana. 
(1) Kamla is not the tallest, while Kripa is not the most
qualified. 
(2) The shortest is the most qualified amongst them all.
(3) Kalpana is more qualified than Kamlesh, who is
more qualified than Kriti. 
(4) Kamla is less qualified than Kamlesh but is taller
than Kamlesh. 
(5) Kalpana is shorter than Kriti but taller than Kranti
(6) Kriti is more qualified than Kamla, while Kamlesh
is taller than Kriti. 
(7) Kripa is the least qualified amongst the daughters,
while Kranti is the most qualified. 
73. Who is the third tallest?
(a) Kamla
(b) Kamlesh
(c) Kriti
(d) Kranti
 
 
 
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74. Who is the most qualified?
(a) Kamlesh
(b) Kriti
(c) Kripa
(d) Kranti
75. What is the rank of Kriti in increasing order of
qualification?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 4
76. What is the rank of Kamla in increasing order
of height?
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 2
Directions for the following 3 (three) items: 
Consider the given information and answer the three 
items that follow. 
Some persons are sitting in a straight line. All are 
facing the same direction. 3 persons sit between A and 
B, and B is sitting fifth to the left of E. Two persons sit 
between A and C, but not more than 5 people sit 
between C and E. G sits 6th to the right of B. B sits 3rd 
from the left end. Equal number of people sit to the left 
and to the right of D who is not a neighbour of A. 
77. How many persons are sitting in the row?
(a) 11
(b) 10
(c) 13
(d) 9
78. If all are facing north, then who is sitting at the
right end?
(a) D
(b) G
(c) E
(d) A
79. Which pair represents the neighbours of C?
(a) B, D
(b) A, E
(c) E, G
(d) D, E
Directions for the following item: 
Read the following passage and answer the item that 
follows. Your answer to these items should be based on 
the passages only. 
Passage—1 
There are only a few things that can unite our feuding 
politicians. After resisting the implementation of a 
stricter Lokpal, fighting to remain out of RTI’s purview 
comes a close second. Unanimous passing of the bill to 
increase salaries of Members of the Parliament is 
another instance, and constant creation of hurdles to 
stop criminalization of politics is yet another instance. 
80. Which of the following most accurately states
the main idea of the passage?
(a) The era of political unity and dying down
of differences has begun in India.
(b) Often, it is the people who end up being at
the losing end due to self-interested acts of
politicians.
(c) The politicians disagree on many issues
except Lokpal and criminalization of
politics.
(d) More such instances of political unity are to
come in near future.
 
 
 
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VISIONIAS 
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ANSWERS & EXPLANATION 
APTITUDE TEST–Test (4023) – 2023 
Explanation for Questions 1 to 3: 
1 (a) 
Initially Kartikey was heading towards the north. He travelled for 30 mins at a speed of 2 km/hr, i.e. he 
covered 1 km towards the north. 
At first signal, 2 Guards with Green cap → speed = 4 km/hr, time = 15 minutes 
Distance covered = 1 km 
At second signal, 0 Guard with Green cap → speed = 4 km/hr (previous speed), time = 30 minutes 
Distance covered = 2 km 
At third signal, 3 Guards with Green cap → speed = 10 km/hr, time = 24 minutes 
Distance covered = 4 km 
At fourth signal, 2 Guards with Green cap → speed = 4 km/hr, time = 15 minutes 
Distance covered = 1 km 
At fifth signal, 0 Guard with Green cap → Stop 
Total distance travelled by Kartikay from starting point till the last signal = (1 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 1) km = 9 km 
2 (a) 
Initially Kartikey was heading towards the north. He travelled for 30 mins at a speed of 2 km/hr, i.e. he 
covered 1 km towards the north. 
At first signal, 1 Guard with Red cap and 2 Guards with Green cap → right turn, speed = 4 km/hr, time = 
15 minutes 
So, Distance covered = 1 km 
At second signal, 1 Guard with Red cap → right turn, speed = 4 km/hr (previous speed), time = 30 minutes 
So, Distance covered = 2 km 
At third signal, 1 Guard with Red cap and 3 Guards with Green cap → right turn, speed = 10 km/hr, time = 
24 minutes 
So, Distance covered = 4 km 
At fourth signal, 2 Guards with Red cap and 2 Guards with Green cap → left turn, speed = 4 km/hr, time = 
15 minutes 
Distance covered = 1 km 
At fifth signal, 3 Guards with Red cap → Stop 
The path can be drawn as follows: 
 
 
 
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AO = (2 – 1) + 1 = 2 km South 
BO = 4 – 1 = 3 km West 
If one guard with red cap and two guards with green caps were placed at the first signal point, then Kartikay 
will be 3.0 km to the west and 2.0 km to the south. 
3 (c) 
Initially Kartikey was heading towards South. He travelled for 30 mins at a speed of 2 km/hr, i.e. he covered 
1 km towards the South. 
At first signal, 2 Guards with Red cap and 2 Guards with Green cap → left turn, speed = 4 km/hr, time = 
15 minutes 
Distance covered = 1 km 
At second signal, 1 Guard with Red cap → right turn, speed = 4 km/hr (previous speed), time = 30 minutes 
Distance covered = 2 km 
At third signal, 1 Guards with Red cap and 3 Guards with Green cap → right turn, speed = 10 km/hr, time 
= 24 minutes 
Distance covered = 4 km 
At fourth signal, 2 Guards with Red cap and 2 Guards with Green cap → left turn, speed = 4 km/hr, time = 
15 minutes 
Distance covered = 1 km 
At fifth signal, 3 Guards with Red cap → Stop 
The path can be drawn as follows: 
AD = 1 + 2 + 1 = 4 km South 
BD = 4 – 1 = 3 km West 
As Kartikay started heading south, he will be 3.0 km to the West and 4.0 km to the South. 
4 (a) 
Given Statement: m > n ≥ p > r = a ≤ b < d 
Conclusion I: 
r < d → True (As r = a ≤ b < d) 
Thus conclusion I follows. 
Conclusion II: 
n > b → False (As we can see opposite signs between n and b, thus no relation can be established between 
them.) 
Thus, conclusion II does not follow. 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
5 (d) 
Some Inspectors may be Painters and Poets. 
Similarly, Some Painters may be Inspectors and Poets. 
Similarly, Some Poets may be Painters and Inspectors. 
 
 
 
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Venn diagram: 
So, the given items are partly related to each other. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
6 (a) 
Let us assume the two persons who can danceon two categories of songs does so on English and Punjabi 
songs. 
One person dance on all the three categories of songs. 
Number of persons who can dance Only on Punjabi song = 6 – 2 – 1 = 3 
Number of persons who can dance Only on English song = 15 – 2 – 1 = 12 
Number of persons who can dance Only on Hindi songs = 6 - 1 = 5 
Thus, the number of persons who can dance on exactly one category of songs = 3 + 12 + 5 = 20 
Number of persons who can dance on two categories of songs = 2 
Number of persons who can dance on all the three categories of songs = 1 
So, Total number of persons = 20 + 2 + 1 = 23 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
7 (c) 
Set-I: All shirts are white. All jeans are shirts. All jeans are white. 
Statements: All shirts are white. All jeans are shirts. 
Conclusion: All jeans are white. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that Set-I follows. 
Set-II: All mobiles are keyboard. No keyboard is mouse. All mobiles are not mouse. 
Statements: All mobiles are keyboard. No keyboard is mouse. 
Conclusion: All mobiles are not mouse. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
 
 
 
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From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that Set-II follows. 
Set-III: No Dogs can bark. All cats are cowards. Dogs are cowards. 
Statements: No Dogs can bark. All cats are cowards. 
Conclusion: Dogs are cowards. 
It is clear that Set-III does not follow. 
Set-IV: No one is two. No two is three. No one is three. 
Statements: No one is two. No two is three. 
Conclusion: No one is three. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that Set-IV does not follow. 
From above it is clear that Set- I and II have logical conclusions. 
Hence, option (c) is correct. 
8 (a) 
Statement 1 is correct. The passage suggests that the mutation beneficial to the organism will become 
more prevalent in the next generation and spread throughout the population. It is reflected in the phrase 
“……. a mutation might prove beneficial to the organism. If so, it will become more prevalent in the next 
generation ……. natural selection guides the evolutionary process … adding up the beneficial mutations 
and rejecting the bad ones”. This can mean that a harmful mutation might get naturally selected, but only 
to lead to a decline of such population. 
Statement 2 is incorrect. It is incorrect to say that mutations are always natural phenomena. The passage 
mentions, “Mutations can be caused by random errors in DNA replication or repair, or by chemical or 
radiation damage.” Thus, mutations can be caused, either due to natural factors or anthropogenic factors - 
chemical or radiation damage. 
9 (a) 
Assumption 1 is valid. The passage mentions, “In the context of sustainable food production in changing 
climate, adoption of climate-smart traditional practices is an urgent need………re-implement traditional 
practices to improve the socio-ecological integrity of agro-ecosystems.” Further, “time-tested” feature of 
traditional agriculture is validated from certain indications, such as, “It is the right time to rediscover and 
re-implement”, and “Integration of traditional agriculture with modern agriculture is a necessity in the 
current scenario”. These points imply that the traditional agroecosystem is a time-tested model of a 
sustainable agriculture system. 
Assumption 2 is invalid. The author mentions that modern agriculture enhanced food productivity. This 
means that modern agriculture has higher productivity than traditional agricultural practices. Further, there 
is no mention of the energy inputs required in the different agricultural practices. So, to assume that 
traditional agriculture system is characterized by high productivity and low energy inputs would be 
incorrect. 
10 (b) 
Statement 1 correct. The passage mentions, “Modern agriculture is a major driver for the loss of crop 
genetic resources in the Third World due to adoption of High Yielding Varieties and planting the vast fields 
with genetically uniform cultivars.” So, modern agriculture is leading to the loss of diversity of genetic 
resources. 
Statement 2 is correct. The passage mentions many issues associated with Modern agriculture. It mentions, 
“Modern agriculture ……………. acceleration of several environmental problems such as climate change, 
food unsafety, biodiversity loss, soil degradation and environmental pollution.” Food unsafety is related to 
human health. 
 
 
 
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Statement 3 is correct. The passage mentions, “Traditional vegetable knowledge is under serious threat 
due to habitat loss, the introduction of new varieties, historical policies, stigma attached to the use of 
traditional vegetables and altered lifestyle.” So, the change from traditional to modern agricultural practices 
is creating an issue of threat of erosion of traditional agricultural knowledge. 
Statement 4 is incorrect. The passage does not mention the issue of ‘excessive’ use of agrochemicals, in 
the context of modern agriculture. The answer should be sourced from the passage only. So, this statement 
is beyond the scope of the passage. 
11 (b) 
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Modern agriculture, however, enhanced food productivity 
but with the acceleration of several environmental problems such as climate change…………… Traditional 
vegetables grow well in drought-prone areas.” So, we can establish a correlation between climate change 
and the different farming systems. Hence, it is a correct inference but not the most logical and rational 
inference because the author is trying to stress the need to integrate modern agriculture and traditional 
agriculture to mitigate climate change (By talking about the positive impact of traditional agriculture that 
can be used to overcome the negative effects of the modern agriculture). 
Option (b) is correct. The passage mentions, “It is the right time to rediscover and re-implement traditional 
practices to improve the socio-ecological integrity of agro-ecosystems. Integration of traditional 
agriculture with modern agriculture is the necessity of current scenario.” Thus, the author is suggesting the 
required reorientation in the agricultural practices to ensure sustainable food production in the scenario of 
changing climate. Therefore, this statement is the most logical and rational inference. 
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage explains the need to integrate modern agriculture and traditional 
agriculture to mitigate the negative effects of climate change. This is done by talking about the positive 
effects of traditional agriculture that can be used to overcome the negative effects of modern agriculture. 
So, this statement though can be a valid assumption, but is not the most logical and rational inference. 
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Integration of traditional agriculture with modern 
agriculture is the necessity of current scenario.” So, the author suggests a healthy blend of modern 
agriculture and traditional agriculture to mitigate climate change and does not advocate a complete shift 
from modern technology to traditional agriculture. Therefore, this statement is incorrect. 
12 (d) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given three statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is very clear that, none of the given conclusion follows. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
13 (b) 
Set-I: Some maps are globe. Some globes are highlighter. Some maps are highlighter. 
Statements: Some maps are globe. Some globes are highlighter. 
Conclusion: Some maps are highlighter. 
We can draw thefollowing possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
 
 
 
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From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that Set-I does not follow. 
Set-II: All bikes are cars. Some cars are black. Some bikes are black. 
Statement: All bikes are cars. Some cars are black. 
Conclusion: Some bikes are black. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that Set-II does not follow. 
Set-III: No horse is black. Only black have hairs. No horse has hairs. 
Statement: No horse is black. Only black have hairs. 
Conclusion: No horse has hairs. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagrams based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that Set-III follows. 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
14 (d) 
It is given that, x < 11 
Open intervals are used when end value is not included. 
So, it can also be represented as (- ∞, 11) 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
15 (a) 
 Given Statements: 
x ≤ y < z, z = n > y, u ≥ n > r, r < p = z 
Combining the given statements, we get: 
x ≤ y < z = n > y; u ≥ n > r < p = z; 
Also, x ≤ y < z = p > r 
 
 
 
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Conclusion I: 
x < z → True (As x ≤ y < z; So, x < z) 
Thus, conclusion I follows. 
Conclusion II: 
y = p → False (As x ≤ y < z = p > r; So, y < p) 
Thus, conclusion II does not follow. 
Conclusion III: 
r > z → False (As r < p = z; So, r < z.) 
Thus, conclusion III does not follow. 
Therefore, only conclusion I follows. 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
16 (b) 
Statement: A< B ≤ C ≤ D = E > F > G 
Conclusion I: 
B = E → False (As B ≤ C ≤ D = E; So, B ≤ E. Here, E can be greater or equal to B. So, B = E will be 
considered as false.) 
Conclusion II: 
E > B → False (As B ≤ C ≤ D = E; So, B ≤ E, Here, E can be greater or equal to B. So, E > B will be 
considered as false.) 
Here, both the conclusions are individually false. But the elements being compared are the same. So, at least 
one of them has to be correct. Therefore, either conclusion I or II follows. 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
17 (d) 
Option (a) is incorrect. The author does mention that there exists a challenge in identifying the components 
of the poverty line basket and states that the current methods and criteria used for estimating poverty are 
narrow, i.e., inadequate. However, he does not say that there is a confusion regarding the estimation of 
poverty line. He tries to convey that the concept of poverty goes beyond inadequate income and purchasing 
power- it also encompasses aspects like the household’s access to a wide set of dimensions, which could be 
non-economic as well. 
Option (b) is incorrect. The assertion made in this option goes beyond the scope of the passage. The 
passage does not make a comparison between the urban and the rural poor. 
Option (c) is incorrect. This option goes beyond the scope of the passage. The discussion of the passage 
is limited to poverty line estimation in India and not the world in general. No line in the passage leads to 
the assumption that “There is no uniform global standard for measuring income poverty.” 
Option (d) is correct. This is the main message being stressed by the author, who explains through the 
various lines of the passage that measuring poverty through the lens of income or purchasing power (buying 
capacity) is only a narrow way of looking at poverty. We must look at other factors that restrict choices and 
opportunities for individuals (e.g. calorie intake, nutrition), income being just one part of it. 
18 (a) 
Option (a) is correct. From these lines, “A significant percentage of households above the expenditure-
based poverty line were unable to meet the minimum calorie requirements. This called into question the 
practice of defining a “poor household” solely based on its per capita monthly expenditure vis-à-vis a 
poverty line expenditure cut off without considering the household’s access to a wide set of dimensions.”, it 
can be inferred that a poverty line based on income poverty alone, is not sufficient to estimate the extent of 
the poor in the country, as deprivations also stem from lack of access to other dimensions like nutritious 
food. 
Option (b) is incorrect. This option is rather extreme and goes beyond the scope of the passage. Nothing 
in the passage talks about the factors affecting the purchasing power of a person. 
 
 
 
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Option (c) is incorrect. This option is beyond the scope of the passage. There is no mention in the passage 
of income being a temporary or permanent condition. 
Option (d) is incorrect, as the passage does not lay out a time consideration (i.e., when does income poverty 
affect human choices by restricting them- whether only at a point of time or always, till such poverty exists) 
anywhere while suggesting how income poverty affects or restricts human choices. 
19 (d) 
Assumption 1 is invalid. The passage mentions how poverty and unemployment forces men of a region 
individually and collectively to resort to practices which are harmful to the environment, like deforestation, 
which in turn harms human life due to the dietary deprivation caused by depletion of soil minerals. However, 
with this limited information, we cannot make a generic assumption that everything a man does on earth 
has implications for the environment. 
Assumption 2 is invalid. As per the passage, the economic situation of a person affects the environment 
(degradation) and thereafter, the economy, as a vicious cycle. The passage does not suggest the geography 
affecting the economy as such. 
20 (c) 
Statement 1 is correct. The passage indirectly mentions the aspect of skills. It mentions, “….to sustain the 
intellectual performance needed to learn new technologies, for example, how to operate a computer, and 
this will cause productivity to reduce or stagnate. If productivity stagnates, poor people will remain poor 
or poorer, and the cycle continues.” Therefore, lack of skills is a reason, as per the author, for the 
continuation of the cycle of poverty. 
Statement 2 is correct. The author directly states, “…. deforestation will cause vital minerals to be lost 
from the soil. If vital minerals are lost from the soil, the inhabitants will be deprived of the dietary nutrients 
required to sustain the intellectual performance needed to learn new technologies.” If productivity 
stagnates, poor people will remain poor or become poorer, and the cycle continues. Therefore, this statement 
is correct as well. 
21 (a) 
Option (a) is correct. The author, throughout the passage, makes it clear that the economic, social, and 
environmental substrates of sustainability are interlinked with each other. We can see this in the following 
lines- If a man in a given geographical area lacks a job (economic), he is likely to be poor (social) then he 
has an incentive to engage in practices that harm ecology (environmental). If productivity stagnates 
(economic), poor people will remain poor (social). Hence, to create a balance between environmental, 
economic and social sustainability is the crux of the passage. 
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage mentions the factors behind the cycle of poverty. It does not provide 
any solutions. Solving the poverty problem is beyond the scope of the passage. Therefore, it is not the crux 
of the passage. 
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions whether man is using the resources beyond the re-
generational capacity or if there is any kind of natural resource scarcity. So, this statement is beyond the 
scope of the passage. 
Option (d) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions it clearly thatknowledge of new technologies 
especially computers is essential to get a good job. Further, it only mentions that good intellectual 
performance is needed to learn new technologies, such as the operation of a computer. So, the statement in 
itself is an incorrect inference. Also, getting a job is only a supporting argument. The passage is about 
breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and environment degradation. Therefore, it is not the crux of the 
passage. 
22 (c) 
Using statements 1 and 2, we get: 
Shyra > Madhuri > Kajol ………..(1) 
Using statement 3: 
Sonali ≥ Kajol ……………(2) 
 
 
 
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From equations (1) and (2), we get: 
Shyra > Madhuri > Kajol ≤ Sonali 
Hence, we can conclude that Kajol maybe the least successful among all four. Though there is one 
possibility wherein Kajol and Sonali may be equal; in which case they together will be the least successful. 
Option (c) is the correct answer. 
23 (c) 
If we assume Pallavi’s husband to be the richest then, from statement 3, Kamna’s husband cannot be third 
richest. So, Kamna’s husband will be second richest and Dimple’s husband will be third richest. 
Hence, order of the wives with richest, second richest and third richest husbands will be: Pallavi, Kamna, 
Dimple. 
However, if this arrangement holds then both replies in statement 1 will become incorrect. Hence, Pallavi’s 
husband cannot be the richest. Therefore, options (A) and (D) are incorrect. 
Now, if we consider Dimple’s husband to be the richest, Pallavi’s husband will be second richest and 
Kamna’s husband will be third richest. This arrangement holds under the scrutiny of all the statements made 
by the wives. 
Hence, option (c) is the correct answer. 
24 (d) 
From the given information, A is second to the left of G and there are two letters between M and G. Then 
we have two possibilities: 
Case i: M A – G 
Case ii: A – G – – M ( × ) 
Case (ii) can be eliminated because it forms six-letter word, however, in the question we have been given a 
five-letter word. 
It is also given that M is to the right of O and neither A nor N is at any end. Hence, the final arrangement 
will be: 
O M A N G 
Based on the above discussion, the word OMANG will be formed. Hence option (d) is the correct answer. 
25 (c) 
From the explanation given in question no. 25, it is clear that: “M is second to the left of N” is correct 
statement. Hence option (c) is the correct answer. 
26 (d) 
Given statement: Ram > Trisha > Suresh = Rakesh ≥ Sita 
Conclusion (I): 
Ram > Rakesh → False (As Ram > Trisha < Suresh = Rakesh; So, no relationship can be established 
between Ram and Rakesh). So, conclusion I does not follow. 
Conclusion (II): 
Suresh > Sita → False (As Suresh = Rakesh ≥ Sita; So, Suresh ≥ Sita.) 
Thus, conclusion II does not follow. 
Hence, neither I nor II follows. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
27 (b) 
From given Venn diagram, 
Sum of the numbers that fall inside three figures only = 6 + 2 + 11 = 19 
Number that falls inside four figures = 8 
So, required sum = 19 + 8 = 27 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
 
 
 
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28 (c) 
These three may overlap. 
Hence, option (c) is correct. 
29 (a) 
Let’s consider each statement one by one. 
Set-1: 
Statement: All cars are electric vehicle. All electric vehicles are pollution free. 
Conclusion: All cars are pollution free. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that, All cars are pollution free. So, Set 1 is logical. 
Set-2: 
Statement: All women have a makeup kit. Shikha has a makeup kit. 
Conclusion: Shikha is a woman. 
Shikha may or may be a part of the set of women. Thus, the conclusion does not follow. Therefore, Set 2 is 
not logical. 
Set-3: 
Statement: All chairs are wooden. All furniture is wooden. 
Conclusion: All furniture is chairs. 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
Set of furniture and chairs may or may not overlap. 
Thus, the conclusion does not follow. Therefore, set 3 is not logical. 
Hence, it is clear that only Set I follows. 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
 
 
 
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30 (d) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagrams based on the given three statements: 
From the above Venn diagrams it is clear that only Conclusion-III is true. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
Explanation for Questions 31 to 33: 
As per the given information we have four teams, four couples and 4 different points. 
(i) "Sweet Couple" won 2 points.
(ii) Mukesh’s team won four more points than Lina’s team, but Lina’s team didn’t score the least number
of points. Therefore, only possible option is that Lina has 4 points and Mukesh has 8 points. It also means
that Mukesh (with 8 points) is not with Lina, and both of them do not belong to "Sweet Couple"
Team Male Female Points 
Sweet Couple 2 
Lina 4 
6 
Mukesh 8 
(iii) "Just Singing" won 6 points. Hence Mukesh and Lina do not belong to "Just Singing"
(iv) Sanjeev's team scored 4 points. While from (ii) we can see that Lina has also 4 points. Hence, Sanjeev
and Lina belongs to same team.
Team Male Female Points 
Sweet Couple 2 
Sanjeev Lina 4 
Just Singing 6 
Mukesh 8 
(v) Tapas and Sania were on the same team, but it wasn’t the team “Sweet Couple”.
Team Male Female Points 
Sweet Couple 2 
Sanjeev Lina 4 
Just Singing Tapas Sania 6 
Mukesh 8 
(vi) Laxman is the only male remaining, who must be in the team which scored 2 points, i.e. "Sweet Couple".
 
 
 
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Team Male Female Points 
Sweet Couple Laxman 2 
Sanjeev Lina 4 
Just Singing Tapas Sania 6 
Mukesh 8 
(vii) "Bindas Singers" won 2 more points than Laxman's team; hence it has 4 points.
Team Male Female Points 
Sweet Couple Laxman 2 
Bindas Singers Sanjeev Lina 4 
Just Singing Tapas Sania 6 
New Singers Mukesh 8 
(vii) Waheda was not on "New Singers", so she must belong to "Sweet Couple" and Divya must be in the
team "New Singers".
Team Male Female Points 
Sweet Couple Laxman Waheda 2 
Bindas Singers Sanjeev Lina 4 
Just Singing Tapas Sania 6 
New Singers Mukesh Divya 8 
31 (d) 
32 (d) 
33 (d) 
34 (d) 
As per the question: 
Anurag > Mukesh < Kajal = Shiva 
Conclusion I: 
Anurag > Kajal → False (As Anurag > Mukesh < Kajal = Shiva; So, no relationship can be established 
between Anurag and Kajal.) 
So, conclusion I does not follow. 
Conclusion II: 
Shiva < Anurag → False (As Anurag > Mukesh < Kajal = Shiva; So, no relationship can be established 
between Shiva and Anurag.) 
So, conclusion II does not follow. 
Conclusion III: 
Mukesh > Shiva → False (As Anurag > Mukesh < Kajal = Shiva; So, Mukesh < Shiva.) 
So, conclusion III does not follow. 
Thus, none follows. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
35 (d) 
Given Statement: 6 ≥ 8 < 5 ≥ 2 = 9 ≥ 7 
Conclusion I: 
7 > 8 → False (As 8 < 5 ≥ 2 = 9 ≥ 7; So, no direct relation is given between 7 and 8) 
Conclusion II: 
8 ≤ 9→ False (As 8 < 5 ≥ 2 = 9; So, no direct relation is given between 8 and 9) 
Thus, neither conclusion I nor II follows. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
 
 
 
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Explanations for questions 36 to 38: 
According to the question, 
G>A, A>B
So, G>A>B
36 (c) 
If C scores the highest marks, then E gets the least marks; so he occupies the seventh place. 
Since G always ranks above A and B, so at the least A and B will occupy the fifth and sixth places. Hence, 
G will not be ranked lowerthan the fourth. 
37 (d) 
If C is ranked 2nd, D will rank 1st, and B or F the lowest. But B ranks 5th. So, F must rank the lowest. Also, 
the order G>A>B will be followed. 
Therefore, Arrangement is: D > C > G > A > B > E > F 
Hence, 6th place is occupied by E. 
38 (d) 
If D is ranked 6th, B is ranked 5th, E is ranked 7th, we have B>D>E 
Also, the order G > A > B will be maintained. 
The possible arrangements are: 
C>F>G>A>B>D>E
C>G>F>A>B>D>E
Or C>G>A>F>B>D>E
This option (d), i.e. F is ranked third or fourth is true.
39 (b) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagrams based on the given three statements: 
OR 
 
 
 
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OR 
From the above Venn diagrams it is clear that either Conclusion-II or IV has to be true. 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
40 (b) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram it is clear that only Conclusion-II is true. Hence, option (b) is correct. 
41 (c) 
As per the question, Ram’s salary is more than Shyam’s salary, but less than Mayank’s salary: 
Mayank > Ram > Shyam 
Vijay’s salary is more than that of Ganesh: 
Vijay > Ganesh 
However, Mayank’s salary is less than that of Ganesh, therefore overall order is: 
Vijay > Ganesh > Mayank > Ram > Shyam 
Therefore, Shyam’s salary is the lowest. 
42 (b) 
Some students of class 10th are not intelligent, so all students cannot be intelligent. So statement 1 is 
definitely false. 
Since some students are not intelligent, they may be bungler or average students. So, we can conclude that 
statement 2 is true because it is a possibility. 
With reference to statement 4, we cannot say that Shreyansh is a class 10th student. Hence, statement 3 is 
incorrect. 
Hence, we can say that only statement 2 is true. 
43 (d) 
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “…continuous rise in government expenditure on self-
promotion, and huge sums spent on so-called development projects or beautification projects…” The 
expenditure on beautification project has been quoted to highlight the rise in government expenditure. It is 
not a component of the subsidy to the rich. Therefore, this answer option is incorrect. 
 
 
 
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Statement 2 is incorrect. Refer to the line: “…expenditure that is either a subsidy going to the rich or is 
wasteful. For example, giving land to industries at a highly subsidised rate…” The passage talks about 
giving land at a subsidised rate. The author is not against the very act of allocating land to the industries. 
Therefore, this answer option is incorrect. 
Statement 3 is incorrect. There is no mention of free education and health services to the needy. Therefore, 
this answer option is completely beyond the scope of this passage. 
Option (d) is the most appropriate answer. 
44 (d) 
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Providing services such as education, health and 
electricity to the deprived sections of society cannot be considered freebies as they would have favourable 
effects on economic growth through their positive externalities. In fact, spending on these services is the 
responsibility of the government.” It implies that government expenditure to provide these three services 
for free for the marginalised sections is the responsibility of the government. But the statement mentions 
‘any’ freebie which is a wrong assumption. So this statement is incorrect. 
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions whether the government should provide freebies 
to the rich or not. It only highlights the fact that subsidies and incentives to the privileged classes in society 
goes unquestioned. Moreover, there’s no mention of ‘district administration’. 
45 (a) 
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “It can also incubate traits that make us violent or peaceful, 
understanding or intolerant. Teachers help to water the positive seeds and weed out the ones that make us 
ignorant, cause fear and stoke hatred.” It implies the role of a teacher is to inculcate the values of tranquility 
or peace and comprehension or understanding. So this statement is correct. 
Statement 2 is correct. The passage mentions, “It can also incubate traits that make us violent or peaceful, 
understanding or intolerant. Teachers help to water the positive seeds and weed out the ones that make us 
ignorant, cause fear and stoke hatred.” It implies the role of a teacher is to weed out or uproot traits of 
violence or aggression and intolerance or bigotry. So this statement is correct. 
Statement 3 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “A thinking educator can create a learning environment 
filled with compassion.” While the statement mentions that the role of a teacher is to create a learning 
environment of indifference, the meaning of which is a ‘lack of interest or feeling towards 
somebody/something’ which is just the opposite of compassion. So, this statement is incorrect. 
46 (d) 
Given Statement: R≤T≤Q = C>B>D 
Conclusion I: 
R < B → False (As R≤T≤Q = C>B>D; So, no direct relation is given between R and B) 
Conclusion II: 
C ≤ R → False (As R≤T≤Q = C; So, R ≤ C) 
Therefore, neither Conclusion I nor II follows. 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
47 (d) 
The number of people who like listening to music, but not eating = 6 + 12 = 18 
People who like eating, but not listening to music = 7 + 11 + 2 + 15 = 35 
Hence, sum = 18 + 35 = 53 
Hence, option (d) is correct. 
48 (c) 
Number of Officers in ATS, n(A) = 20 
Number of Officers in cyber security, n(C) = 14 
Number of Officers in both ATS and cyber security = n(A ∩ C) = 8 
 
 
 
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So, Number of Officers only in ATS = 20 – 8 = 12 
Number of Officers only in cyber security = 14 – 8 = 6 
Hence, number of officers only in ATS or only in cyber security = 12 + 6 = 18 
Hence, option (c) is correct. 
49 (d) 
From the given statements, we get the following Venn diagram: 
(Venn diagrams for other possible scenarios can also be drawn, however, this diagram covers all conditions 
mentioned in question comprehensively.) 
Observing the above Venn diagram, we can infer that it’s not necessary that all Hindi speakers also speak 
English. Hence, statement under option (a) is incorrect. 
It is not necessary that all Indians speak English. Hence, statement under option (b) is incorrect. 
Again, it is clear that all Hindi speakers are not Indians. Hence, statement under option (c) is incorrect too. 
Hence, none of the given statements are correct. 
50 (a) 
Given statements: 
Kota ≥ Patna = Prayagraj ; Patna < Jaipur ≤ Gandhinagar 
Combining the given statements, we get: 
Kota ≥ Patna = Prayagraj < Jaipur ≤ Gandhinagar 
Conclusion I: 
Gandhinagar > Prayagraj → True (As Prayagraj < Jaipur ≤ Gandhinagar; So, Gandhinagar > Prayagraj) 
Conclusion II: 
Jaipur > Kota → False (As Kota ≥ Patna = Prayagraj < Jaipur; So, no direct relation is given between Jaipur 
and Kota) 
Thus, only conclusion I follows. 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
51 (b) 
Total number of questions in the test = 100 
Number of questions from The Hindu = H = 30% of 100 = 30 
Number of questions from Indian Express = I = 20% of 100 = 20 
Number of questions from both The Hindu and Indian Express = H ꓵ I = 10% of 100 = 10 
(Here ꓵ denotes intersection) 
Hence, total number of questions covered by these two newspapers together, H ꓴ I = H + I - (H ꓵ I) = 30 
+ 20 – 10 = 40
52 (c) 
A corollary is a proposition that follows from (and is often appended to) one already proved in the given 
passage. 
Option (a) is incorrect. The author talks about the debate in 2009-10 about jobless growth and casualization 
of the workforce. But, the author says it was an ill-informedand politicised debate. Thus, we cannot 
conclude whether the phenomenon of jobless growth and casualization of the workforce was really true at 
that time and definitely cannot conclude that it began in India around 2009-10. 
 
 
 
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Option (b) is incorrect. Government has set up a task force to generate timely and reliable employment data. 
This indicates that job creation is one of the priorities of the government in its remaining tenure. But, we 
cannot call job creation as the topmost priority of the government. 
Option (c) is the correct corollary that can be drawn from the passage. Today the government has set up a 
task force to generate timely and reliable employment data. This shows that India has no reliable jobs data 
till today. Thus, in absence of this data, the debates surrounding job creation have been politicized. Author 
also gives one such example when he talks about the time period of 2009-10. 
Option (d) is incorrect. The purpose behind government setting up task force is to have objective jobs data. 
We do not have any information in the passage to conclude whether government was able to create enough 
jobs or not. 
53 (d) 
The passage says, Shimako Yamaguchi who is 94 years old still recounts the memories of Nagasaki bomb. 
Thus, we can infer that, the trauma of a nuclear bomb cannot be erased in short span. Thus, option (a) can 
be inferred. 
In the opening line of the passage, the author says many people are suffering both from trauma of nuclear 
bomb and discrimination. And, one reason for this discrimination is exaggeration of risks by newspapers. 
Thus, we can infer that misinformation breeds discrimination as given in option (b). 
The author gives the example of Shimako Yamaguchi. She’s been plagued by nightmares about the dying 
people she had to leave behind during nuclear bomb dropping. Thus, we can infer that Psychological 
support to atomic bomb survivors is of utmost importance. Thus, option (c) can be inferred. 
The author talks about two incidences in the passage: Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing and nuclear disaster 
in 2011. Here, the author says that survivors of both these incidences are facing trauma as well as 
discrimination. There is nothing in the passage from where we can infer that there are people who are 
witness to both incidents. Thus, option (d) cannot be inferred. Hence, it is the correct answer. 
54 (d) 
The passage says, commodities exported by India are rejected by EU and Russia under Sanitary and Phyto-
sanitary regulations. The passage does not talk about developing countries in general. Also, we cannot infer 
that they are costing the developing countries dearly. Thus, statement 1 cannot be inferred from the passage. 
The author says, grapes exported from India have been rejected by EU under certain regulations. But, there 
is no indication regarding whether India is a major exporter of grapes to EU. Thus, statement 2 cannot be 
inferred from the passage. 
Finally, the author gives a suggestion that strict monitoring from production to transport, processing, 
handling, packing, etc. is absolutely necessary. Thus, we can infer that the food may get contaminated at 
any of these stages and not at the production stage alone. Thus, statement 3 also cannot be inferred from the 
passage. 
[Note: Whenever there are words like only, all, alone etc. (as in statement 3) we need to be very cautious 
and read the statements repeatedly.] 
55 (c) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given three statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that only Conclusion-I and Conclusion-III are true 
Hence, option (c) is correct. 
 
 
 
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56 (a) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagram based on the given two statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that only Conclusion-I is true. 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
57 (c) 
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “The pandemic has enhanced this perception, exacerbating 
a drastic decline of resources, encouraging academic redundancies and closing down of several arts and 
humanities degree programmes.” So, the pandemic is clearly the main reason behind the closing down of 
these subjects. Therefore, this statement is correct. 
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions lack of interest as the reason behind closing down 
of these courses. So this statement is completely beyond the scope of this passage. 
Statement 3 is correct. Refer to the line: “A general perception is that arts and humanities graduates are 
less equipped to contribute to the workforce compared to STEM.” It is perceived (might not actually be 
true) that arts and humanities have relatively less utility. This perception has further strengthened after the 
pandemic. This answer option is also correct. 
58 (b) 
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “If anything, the pandemic has taught us that solutions to 
real-world problems lie in a sustained collaboration across disciplines. Not only do we need more arts and 
humanities programmes, but we argue that engineering and generally STEM degree programmes must 
include arts and humanities courses.” It implies arts and humanities courses must be included in STEM 
degree programmes, not vice versa. So this statement is incorrect. 
Statement 2 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “If anything, the pandemic has taught us that solutions to 
real-world problems lie in a sustained collaboration across disciplines.” It implies we need collaborations 
across disciplines. There is no mention of collaboration among countries. So this statement is incorrect. 
Statement 3 is correct. The passage mentions, “Not only do we need more arts and humanities 
programmes, but we argue that engineering and generally STEM degree programmes must include arts 
and humanities courses.” It clearly implies that we need to include arts and humanities courses in STEM 
degree programmes. So this statement is correct. 
59 (a) 
Statement 1 is correct. The passage mentions, “Our socialisation makes us applaud only certain types of 
achievement — we don’t even look for other things our children may be good at.” Mostly, only those 
achievements of children are appreciated that are socially acclaimed. This societal part has an element of 
external influence. Therefore, it would be correct to say that a child’s achievement and its appreciation by 
parents is externally influenced. 
Statement 2 is correct. The passage mentions, “But when a system defines successes narrowly, it leaves 
out a huge number of youngsters.” It implies in our society success or achievement is defined or measured 
narrowly or in a limited sense. It clearly means that the ambit of achievement is not broadly defined. So this 
assumption is valid. 
 
 
 
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Statement 3 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Parents tend to worry about the rising costs of coaching 
during and after school, the rising costs of college fees, whether their children will find a livelihood and 
most of all how will they live up to their own and societal expectations.” It shows the worries of parents. 
But it does not mention that livelihood worry is the most prominent issue. It is just put along with other 
worries. So, this assumption is invalid. 
60 (b) 
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Indian education produces global CEOs.” This answer 
option talks about OUTPUT; and these global CEOs are nothing but outputs of Indian education. Therefore, 
it would be incorrect to say that “Indian education lags behind the global standards in terms of output.” 
Statement 2 is correct. The passage mentions, “Indian private healthcare systems have beenproviding 
services to medical tourists from many parts of the world.” It implies that the world is getting benefits of 
medical service from the Indian healthcare system. So this assumption is valid. 
61 (b) 
Given Statements: C ≥ M ≥ I < F; R > N = I ≥ B 
On combining the given statements, we get: 
C ≥ M ≥ I = N < R and R > N = I < F 
Conclusion I: 
R > M → False (As C ≥ M ≥ I = N < R; So, no direct relation is given between R and M) 
Conclusion II: 
F > N → True (As N = I < F; So, F > N) 
Thus, only conclusion II follows. 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
62 (b) 
Number of parents who can understand Hindi only = 20 – 10 = 10 
Number of parents who can understand English only = Total number of parents – number of parents who 
can understand Hindi = 40 – 20 = 20 
Hence, on the basis of the given information, we can draw the following Venn diagram: 
Thus, 20 parents can understand English only and 10 parents can understand Hindi only. Hence, option (b) 
is correct. 
63 (a) 
We can draw the following possible Venn diagrams based on the given three statements: 
From the above Venn diagram, it is clear that only Conclusion-I is true. 
Hence, option (a) is correct. 
 
 
 
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Explanations for Questions 64 to 66: 
E sits second to the right of her husband and third to the left of C. 
Now, H is not an immediate neighbour of E's husband and F sits second to the right of his wife H. It means 
H is a female and F is a male and there is only one way we can fit all of these people on to the table, as 
shown below: 
Now, G is not an immediate neighbour of E and B sits second to the right of A. 
Hence, there will be 2 possibilities: 
It is also given that D is a male and he is not E's husband. There’s only one place he can sit in both the cases 
depicted above. Hence, we get: 
It’s clear that in both the cases, G must be E’s husband. 
 
 
 
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It’s given that no two women are sitting next to each other. So, neighbours of E and H cannot be females. 
In case 1, A, B, C, G, F and D will be males. So, case 1 will end up having 6 males and only 2 females. 
However, it is given that there are three females in the group. So, case 1 is not possible and has to be 
eliminated. 
Hence, case 2 will lead us to the final arrangement, which has been represented below: 
We can see that E’s husband is G. 
64 (b) 
65 (a) 
C is sitting third to the left of E’s husband (i.e. G). 
66 (c) 
D is sitting opposite to A. 
67 (d) 
Option (a) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions that wild food is cooked in forest areas. It is cooked 
by people who are celebrating any festival and as a part of any ritualistic meal. So this option is incorrect. 
Option (b) is incorrect. The passage nowhere mentions that wild food is supposed to be eaten by wild 
people. It is cooked and eaten by people who are celebrating any festival and as a part of any ritualistic 
meal. So this option is incorrect. 
Option (c) is incorrect. The passage mentions, “Some wild foods are brought to the plate only once a 
year.” It implies wild food is cooked only once a year. While the option mentions ‘never’. So this option is 
incorrect. 
Option (d) is correct. The passage mentions, “Some wild foods are brought to the plate only once a year 
as part of a ritualistic meal.” It implies wild food is the one which is part of a ritualistic meal. So this option 
is correct. 
68 (b) 
Statement 1 is incorrect. The passage is about NASA and its space missions. In the first line of the passage, 
it is mentioned that only 30% of the engineers in space exploration are women. From this, we cannot 
generalise that the proportion of women involved in space exploration is abysmally low. We do not know 
the gender composition of other space organisations. Even in context of the mission being talked about in 
the passage, 30% cannot be said to be abysmally low. Therefore, this answer option is incorrect. 
Statement 2 is correct. It is explicitly mentioned in the passage that because their bodies tend to reach 
NASA's maximum permissible threshold of radiation earlier than men's, female astronauts are currently less 
likely to be chosen for missions than male astronauts. 
69 (a) 
Statement 1 is correct. According to the author, he is not going to the movies to learn about history, witness 
the life of a successful real-life person unfold in a cliched plot, watch a hysterical hero destroy the most 
stale form of the villain, or receive a dose of moral instruction, they have sort of turned into the benchmark 
at the box office during the past few years. Also, the line: “…But, over the last few years, they have sort of 
become a norm at the box office” clearly indicates that the genre of movies is getting repetitive. Hence, it 
is a correct statement. 
 
 
 
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Statement 2 is correct. The author believes it's the pure excitement of witnessing something more 
extraordinary than usual and the thrill of taking part in a community celebration rather than pursuing a 
common goal: let's just enjoy ourselves at the movies. Hence, it is a correct statement. 
Statement 3 is incorrect. Refer to the line: “The film also packed a lot of star power, Fahadh Faasil and 
Vijay Sethupathi…” This is about the particular movie Vikram. It cannot be generalised to all contemporary 
movies. Hence, it is not a correct statement. 
70 (b) 
Statement 1 is incorrect. Refer to the line: “…scientists for the first time calculated minimum ice loss in 
Greenland, and the corresponding rise in global sea level.” According to the passage, for the first time, 
scientists estimated Greenland's minimum ice loss and the resulting rise in the world's sea level. Hence, it 
would be incorrect to say that numerous such studies have been conducted. 
Statement 2 is correct. As mentioned in the passage, Zombie ice, also known as dead or doomed ice, is 
the ice that is still a part of the parent ice sheet but is not gaining new snow. Hence, it is a correct statement. 
71 (b) 
Total population = 1200 
Number of people who know only English = 168 
Number of people who know only Korwa = 176 
Number of people who know only Asur = 228 
Number of people who know any of the two languages = 104 + 67 + 84 = 255 
Number of people who know all the three languages = 160 
Number of people who know at least one of the languages = 168 + 176 + 228 + 255 + 160 = 987 
The number of people who do not know any language = 1200 – 987 = 213 
So, required sum = 160 + 213 = 373 
Hence, option (b) is correct. 
72 (c) 
Let the number of workers who come on car, bike and bicycle (i.e. all three) be x. 
So, number of workers who come only on car = 185 – 20 – 29 – x = 136 – x 
Number of workers who come only on bike = 212 – 35 – 29 – x = 148 – x 
Number of workers who come only on bicycle = 127 – 20 – 35 – x = 72 – x 
Now, Total number of workers = 400 
So, 136 – x + 148 – x + 72 – x + 20 + 29 + 35 + x + 50 = 400 
or, 490 – 2x = 400 
or, x = 45 
Hence, 45 people use all the three vehicles. 
So, number of workers who use only one vehicle = (136 – x) + (72 – x) + (148 – x) = 136 – 45 + 72 – 45 + 
148 – 45 = 221 
So, option (c) is correct. 
Explanation for Questions 73 to 76: 
Qualifications: Kranti>Kalpana>Kamlesh>Kriti>Kamla>Kripa 
Heights: Kripa>Kamla>Kamlesh>Kriti>Kalpana>Kranti 
73 (b) 
74 (d) 
75 (b) 
76 (b) 
 
 
 
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Explanation for Questions 77 to 79: 
Let us assume that all of them are facing the North direction. 
Condition 1: - 
Since, there are 3 persons between A and B, and B is sitting fifth to the left of E, we can arrange them in 2 
possible ways. 
Condition2: - 
Now, it’s given that B sits 3rd from the left end. So, Case (2) shown above will get eliminated. 
Now, as there are 2 people between A and C, so case (1) will split into 2 parts. 
Now, the condition that not more than 5 people sit between C and E, is being satisfied by both of the above 
parts of case (1), so it’s kind of redundant information. 
Condition 3: - 
Now, G sits 6th to the right of B. D is not the neighbour of A, and equal number of people sit to the left and 
to the right of D, so part (ii) of case (1) will also get eliminated. 
Hence, part (i) of case (1) is the required arrangement. 
77 (d) 
Hence, a total of 9 persons are sitting in the row. 
78 (b) 
Since, we assumed while solving that all persons are facing north, the above diagram fits the bill. We can 
see that G is sitting at the right end. 
79 (a) 
We can see that B and D are neighbours of C. 
80 (b) 
The author says “feuding politicians” to indicate that politicians disagree on most of the issues and agree 
only on a few things. Thus, option (a) is incorrect, and is not the main idea. Option (c) may be correct. 
However, it is not the central idea of the passage. Further, the tone of the passage is sarcastic, and thus 
expecting more instances of political unity is not the central idea (option d). 
The author is trying to draw attention to the issue that politicians are agreeing on negative issues like 
remaining out of RTI. Thus, the idea is people are at losing end (option b).