Anotações - Links e Symbols

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Interpretação Consecutiva
Links and Symbols
Links
“A speech without links is a meaningless list of ideas” (p.56) 
The economy is struggling. 
The Central Bank has left the interest rates unchanged. 
What kind of connection can we stablish between these two sentences?
Links
The economy is struggling. HOWEVER, the Central Bank has left the interest rates unchanged. 
The economy is struggling. CONSEQUENTLY, the Central Bank has left the interest rates unchanged.
What other links can be used to connect these sentences?
Links
	Note	Linkers	category
	B	But, however, nonetheless, on the other hand, in spite of this, etc	Contradiction
(following an idea)
	THO	Although, despite, even though, while, etc	Contradiction 
(preceding an idea)
	COS	Because, the reason for it, what is causing it, etc	Explanation 
(effect -> cause)
	->	Hence, in consequence of that, therefore, so that, because of this, then, etc	Explanation 
(cause -> effect)
	TO	In order to,, so that, the purpose is	Purpose/aim
	Eg	For example, for instance, such as, etc	Examplification
	+	Also, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover	addition
Links
Group the links in EN and in PT and assign a note that it’s easy for you to remember:
List of links in English language: 
https://sites.google.com/site/maycaingles2011/writing/linkers-and-connectors
List of links in Portuguese language: 
https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/redacao/conectores-discursivos.htm 
Links
You should note the links on the left column of the page: 
Visibility and Readability (p. 62)
Other Resources for Links
http://pt.slideshare.net/AlessandraVita/development-of-notetaking-signs-for-consecutive-interpreting
http://pt.slideshare.net/NCIHC/baby-steps-to-notetaking-for-consecutive-interpreting
Symbols
Not only a picture :Short word, Pair of letters, Single letter
The important thing is what it represents: Concepts not words
They’re not one-to-one translations so they help us avoid source language interference when we interpret
Symbols
- Clear and unambiguous / Quick and simple to draw 
- Prepared in advance: DON’T IMPROVISE, PRACTICE!
- Consistent: If E is energy, make sure it stays energy always and find yourself another symbol for environment and economy.
- Organic: Starting point for many other symbols
- Must mean something to you: Don’t blindly copy symbols you see if they don’t create associations for you
The symbol of the square commonly denotes “country, nation, land, state”
� al national (adjective
� ally nationally
 ze to nationalize
� tn nationalization
 o national (noun), citizen
← Return, come back, reverse, regress
↗ Rise, increase, grow, climb, etc
↘ Fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink
↔ Exchange, relations
→ Lead to, consequence of, therefore
Adding meaning 
Other Symbols 
Math = + > < % /
Science E µ t
Music #
Text messages L8R R U OK? 2 etc.
Keyboard % & @ ¶ ™
Punctuation marks ? ! ( ) " :
Vehicle registrations D DA UK CH F
Short words in other languages: so hi ta ok / deja / ergo etc / pero
Currencies $ Y L €
Periodic table Fe Na Po Ag CO2 CO NO2 H3SO4
Homework
Take a look at the most common words in English (http://www.world-english.org/english500.htm_) and think about abbreviations and symbols for them (REMEMBER: not all those words NEED to be noted. Some of them such as “the”, “a/an”, etc don’t need to be noted so you don’t worry about them.)
Do the same for the most common words in Portuguese (http://www.academia.org.br/sites/default/files/relacao_das_palavras_mais_frequentes.pdf) 
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