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<p>Universidade Técnica de Moçambique</p><p>Business English</p><p>Lesson: Manufacture</p><p>Student:</p><p>· Érika Michela Pindula</p><p>Stream: D</p><p>Teacher:</p><p>· Dr. Francisco Sevene</p><p>Maputo, March 11, 2024</p><p>Degree in Business Management</p><p>Business English</p><p>Lesson: Manufacture</p><p>Research work to be delivered at the Technical University of Mozambique, on the Business Management course, in the English course, supervised by Dr. Francisco Sevene.</p><p>Maputo, March 11, 2024</p><p>Índex</p><p>1.	Introduction	1</p><p>1.1.	Geral Objective	1</p><p>1.2.	Specific Objective	1</p><p>2.	Manufacture	2</p><p>3.	Manufacturing Stages	3</p><p>3.1.	Planning	3</p><p>3.2.	Acquisition of Materials	3</p><p>3.3.	Manufacturing	4</p><p>3.4.	Quality Control	4</p><p>3.5.	Packaging and Shipping	5</p><p>3.6.	Stock Management	5</p><p>4.	Types of manufacturing	6</p><p>4.1.	Repetitive	6</p><p>4.2.	Discreet	6</p><p>4.3.	Continuous	6</p><p>4.4.	Additive	7</p><p>5.	Importance of manufacturing	7</p><p>6.	Conclusion	8</p><p>7.	Bibliography	9</p><p>1. Introduction</p><p>It is known that human beings have always had the gift of producing raw materials for use in their daily lives and thus in the 15th century they evolved along with the industrial revolution. What used to be done with your hands is now done with the help of cutting-edge machines and technologies to improve production efficiency and precision.</p><p>This work aims to talk about manufacturing, its stages and application.</p><p>1.1. Geral Objective</p><p>· Study manufacturing.</p><p>1.2. Specific Objective</p><p>· Know the manufacturing steps;</p><p>· Know manufacturing applications.</p><p>2. Manufacture</p><p>It is a word from the Latin “Manu” which means hand, and “Factura” which means done. This term refers to a wide variety of human activities, ranging from crafts to cutting-edge technology.</p><p>It is the way of transforming raw materials into a final product to be sold. Born in the 15th century, it is the practice that preceded the industry, studying actions in a way closer to that practiced in the 19th century.</p><p>In the past, crafts were considered a manufacturing activity, as this was where the application of the manufacturing concept was concentrated. Nowadays it is more applied to the industrial area, where we have raw materials being transformed into products on a large scale, hence the most current concept of the word manufacturing, which means transformation.</p><p>Manufacturing is also the process of producing goods from raw materials or prefabricated components, using machines, equipment and specialized labor. The process varies depending on the type of product and the industrial sector.</p><p>Figure 1-Manufacturing.</p><p>3. Manufacturing Stages</p><p>3.1. Planning</p><p>The process begins with product planning where the design, technical specifications and production requirements are defined. This involves carrying out market research, identifying raw material suppliers and setting deadlines and budgets.</p><p>Figure 2-Planning in-group.</p><p>3.2. Acquisition of Materials</p><p>Once the product plan is defined, the necessary raw materials or components are purchased from suppliers, following quality standards.</p><p>Figure 3-Material acquisition.</p><p>3.3. Manufacturing</p><p>Materials are processed and transformed into finished products following a specific manufacturing process. The process steps may include cutting, detailing, machining, welding, modeling, among others.</p><p>Figure 4-Wheels Manufacturing</p><p>3.4. Quality Control</p><p>The product undergoes inspection and quality tests to ensure that it meets specifications, techniques, standards and customer expectations.</p><p>Figure 5-Quality Control.</p><p>3.5. Packaging and Shipping</p><p>Finished products are packaged and labeled for shipment to customers for storage.</p><p>Figure 6- Packaging the product</p><p>3.6. Stock Management</p><p>Manufacturing also involves managing stocks of finished products and raw materials to ensure the availability of products when necessary using resources.</p><p>Figure 7- Managing the stock.</p><p>4. Types of manufacturing</p><p>There are several branches of manufacturing today. They are the result of the evolution of previous systems, as is the case of the industrial revolution combined with machine manufacturing, which gave rise to what became known as “Fordism”. However, after the industrial revolution, other developments further improved the concept of machine manufacturing.</p><p>The types of manufacturing are:</p><p>4.1. Repetitive</p><p>Classically described in the 1936 film Modern Times, by Charlie Chaplin, this is the process of mass production. The quantity of products made per hour is high and they are practically identical. With the growth in demand, this methodology was adopted by more and more companies, which work with production lines focused on the same type of product.</p><p>4.2. Discreet</p><p>In discreet manufacturing, products gain a touch of exclusivity, as they are highly customized. The production volume is smaller and the beginning and end of production are well defined. This category includes cars, planes and boats, which have a high production cost and require individual care in the process.</p><p>4.3. Continuous</p><p>The continuous process also implies a high production volume and an even smaller variety of products. In it, workers have a defined schedule, with strict line flows. As the name suggests, production does not stop, operating 24 hours a day, every day. In general, gases, liquids and powders are used as production materials. Two very common examples of this type of manufacturing are petroleum refining and metal smelting.</p><p>4.4. Additive</p><p>The new market trend enters additive manufacturing: 3D printing. Products are made in a few units, sometimes a single piece. The cost is low and the variety is high. Projects are made digitally and efficiently, allowing for greater customization. Material waste is minimal, so the process becomes more economical and sustainable.</p><p>5. Importance of manufacturing</p><p>Manufacturing allows production to be adjusted according to demand for the product. This reduces waste and allows the business to meet the volume of customer orders. Highly linked to technology, it has reinvented itself and brought new opportunities for production methods. Especially in additive manufacturing. As a result, the incidence of risks drops drastically, optimizing the company's profits by reducing material losses and time spent in production. Manufacturing systems can also be integrated with other company software, providing real-time data to the manager. This helps in decision-making. Therefore, manufacturing has the power to optimize production and stimulate the economy.</p><p>6. Conclusion</p><p>In summary, manufacturing was and continues to be a very useful process for the industry due to its high performance and productivity today with the help of technology. When entering the business world, it is very important to consider some factors and plan well how things will work when implementing the project.</p><p>7. Bibliography</p><p>· LOPES, Teixeira, Maria Tereza; Marcos, Penchel, (2009). A era das revoluções : Europa, 1789-1848. Paz e Terra.</p><p>· Marx; Engels, Karl; Friedrich (2007). A ideologia alemã.</p><p>· CLANCY, L.J., Business levels, Capítulo 3.(2008).</p><p>Business English| Manufacture</p><p>7</p><p>image1.png</p><p>image2.jpeg</p><p>image3.jpg</p><p>image4.jpeg</p><p>image5.jpeg</p><p>image6.jpg</p><p>image7.jpg</p><p>image8.jpg</p><p>image9.jpg</p>