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<p>COLÉGIO DA POLÍCIA MILITAR DE PERNAMBUCO – ANEXO I/PETROLINA</p><p>DISCIPLINA: LÍNGUA INGLESA – 3ª UNIDADE - PROFESSORA: GRACY</p><p>ENSINO MÉDIO – 1º ANO – TURMA: E2</p><p>Aluno(a):Rafael de Souza Alves da Silva Matrícula:20649-2</p><p>Data:31/08/2024</p><p>ATIVIDADE DE RECUPERAÇÃO</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Leia o pôster de uma campanha do grupo “Dementia Together.</p><p>1. (Famerp 2023) No título do pôster “I have dementia but I’m still me”, o termo sublinhado foi</p><p>empregado com o mesmo sentido em:</p><p>a) I affirm that I will tell nothing but the truth.</p><p>b) I said never say never but I was wrong.</p><p>c) Nobody but Jessica would wear a mini-dress at a formal dinner.</p><p>d) They’ve done nothing but argue all afternoon.</p><p>e) On holiday he eats nothing but hamburgers.</p><p>2. (Esa 2022) In the sentence “Jackson wasn't really angry, he was only pretending.”, the verb in</p><p>bold means that:</p><p>a) Jackson acted like he was angry.</p><p>b) Jackson will be angry.</p><p>c) Jackson tried not be angry.</p><p>d) Jackson wants to be angry.</p><p>e) Jackson becomes angry easily.</p><p>TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:</p><p>1Many parents are concerned with their child’s seemingly obsessive video game play.</p><p>2Fortnite, 3the most recent gaming phenomenon, 4has taken the world by storm and has parents</p><p>asking if the shooter game is okay for kids. The short answer is yes, Fortnite is generally fine.</p><p>5Furthermore, parents can breathe easier knowing that research suggests gaming (on its own) does</p><p>not cause disorders like addiction.</p><p>However, there’s more to the story. 6A comprehensive answer to the question of whether</p><p>video games are prejudicial must take into account other factors, and parents need to understand</p><p>why kids play, as well as when to worry and when to relax.</p><p>The word “addiction” gets tossed around quite a bit these days, but 7if it isn’t causing serious</p><p>harm and disorder to daily function, it isn’t an addiction. Parents may worry that their kids are</p><p>addicted, but if the children can pull themselves away from a game to join the family for a</p><p>conversation over dinner and shows interest in other activities, like sports or socializing with friends,</p><p>then they are not addicted.</p><p>Generally, parents panic when their kid’s video game playing comes at the expense of doing</p><p>other things, like studying or helping around the house. But let’s be honest, 8kids have been avoiding</p><p>these activities for ages. 9Equally true is the fact that parents have been complaining about their</p><p>unhelpful children well before the first video game was plugged into its socket.</p><p>In fact, moderate video game play has been shown to be beneficial. A study conducted at</p><p>Oxford by Dr. Andrew Przybylski revealed that 10playing about one hour per day improved</p><p>psychological well-being, while when taken to an extreme, playing over three hours per day, was</p><p>correlated with less well-being.</p><p>The real question should be what is it about the special attraction of gaming that makes it the</p><p>preferred pastime of so many millions of kids? What makes it so difficult for even non addicted kids</p><p>to step away from video games sometimes? 11The answer has to do with the way games address</p><p>basic psychological needs.</p><p>Fortnite, like any well-designed video game, satisfies what we are all looking for. According</p><p>to Drs. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, people need three things to flourish. We look for</p><p>competence – the need for mastery, progression, achievement, and growth. We seek autonomy –</p><p>the need for volition and freedom of control over our choice. And finally, we look for relatedness – the</p><p>need to feel like we matter to others, and that others matter to us. Unfortunately, when considering</p><p>the state of modern childhood, 12many kids aren’t getting enough of these three essential elements.</p><p>School, 13where kids spend most of their waking hours, is in many ways the antithesis of a</p><p>place where kids feel competence, autonomy, and relatedness. 14There, kids are told what to do,</p><p>where to be, what to think, what to wear, and what to eat. While some argue that discipline and</p><p>control provide structure, it’s clear why teachers and students might struggle with motivation in the</p><p>classroom.</p><p>Gamers feel competence when they practice strengths to reach their goals. In a game,</p><p>players have the autonomy to call the shots, do what they want, and experiment with creative</p><p>strategies to solve problems. Games are also social outlets where players can feel relatedness. In</p><p>Fortnite, for example, 15players often meet in the virtual environment to chat and socialize, because</p><p>doing so in the real world is often inconvenient or 16off limits.</p><p>Of course, none of this is to say video games are a good substitution – quite the opposite.</p><p>No game can give a child the feeling of competence that comes from accomplishing a difficult task or</p><p>learning a new skill on their own accord. Fortnite can’t compete with the exhilaration that comes from</p><p>the autonomy of exploring reality, where a child is free to ask questions and unlock mysteries in the</p><p>real world. 17No social media site can give a kid the sense of relatedness, safety, and warmth that</p><p>comes from an adult who loves that child unconditionally just the way they are, no matter what, and</p><p>takes the time to tell them so.</p><p>Some kids suffer from gaming disorders, but such dependencies are often combined with</p><p>preexisting conditions, including problems with impulse control. 18For most children, however,</p><p>parents understanding the deeper truth behind what kids are getting out of games empowers them to</p><p>take steps to give their children more of what they need. Video games are this generation’s outlet,</p><p>and some kids use them as a tool to escape the same way some of us use our own flavor of</p><p>dissociative devices to tune out reality for a while.</p><p>(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com. Access on March 25th, 2021)</p><p>Glossary:</p><p>1. to toss around – to discuss possibilities or new ideas</p><p>2. to step away – to not become involved with something</p><p>3. to flourish – to grow or develop successfully</p><p>4. volition – the power to make your own decision</p><p>5. exhilaration – excitement and happiness</p><p>6. to call the shots – to be in position to decide</p><p>7. outlet – a way in which emotions, energy or abilities can be expressed or made use of</p><p>8. to tune out – to stop paying attention to something or someone</p><p>3. (G1 - epcar (Cpcar) 2022) In the sentence For most children, however, parents understanding the</p><p>deeper truth behind what kids are getting out of games empowers them to take steps to give their</p><p>children more of what they need (ref. 18), the underlined word expresses</p><p>a) consequence.</p><p>b) comparison.</p><p>c) conclusion.</p><p>d) contrast.</p><p>4. (G1 - epcar (Cpcar) 2022) The word furthermore (ref. 5) could be replaced, without changing the</p><p>meaning, by</p><p>a) nonetheless.</p><p>b) meanwhile.</p><p>c) in addition.</p><p>d) though.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>When making a decision, it is a common impulse to look and see what others are doing.</p><p>1Nevertheless, it is often unclear whether the path that everyone else may be following is good for us</p><p>as well. After all, sometimes following the crowd has merit - at other times, it is simply peer pressure</p><p>blinding us.</p><p>The phenomenon of 2looking to others and following the crowd _______ by social science</p><p>for a long time. Nevertheless, those findings do not always make their way to individual decision-</p><p>makers. Therefore, let’s review why people conform to the crowd – and under what conditions it is a</p><p>good idea to go your own way instead.</p><p>To start, individuals tend to look to the opinions of others, especially when they are unsure</p><p>and lack information from other sources. This dynamic was supported by classic research from</p><p>Sherif (1937), who explored how a person’s perception of a very ambiguous stimuli can be</p><p>influenced by the opinion of others. Sherif (1937) asked participants to watch a small light in a dark</p><p>and featureless room</p><p>and evaluate how much that light moved around. In actuality, 3however, the</p><p>light never moved at all – but the way our perception works in that situation gives the possible illusion</p><p>of movement (called the Autokinetic Effect). In this uncertain and ambiguous perceptual situation,</p><p>Sherif (1937) found that individuals were quite susceptible to the influence of the opinions of others</p><p>when trying to decide how much light was “moving”.</p><p>Unfortunately, this phenomenon also extends to individuals following the crowd, 4even when</p><p>they can clearly see that others are wrong. This was first evaluated by Asch (1955), who asked</p><p>participants to pick a line from a few choices of varying lengths that matched up with another</p><p>example line given to them. 5From a perceptual standpoint, the task was easy – as the correct</p><p>choice of which lines were actually similar to one another was clear. Nevertheless, when participants</p><p>were surrounded by other individuals giving the wrong answer, they often conformed and made the</p><p>wrong choice as well. 6Thus, even when the correct choice is clear, and what others are doing is</p><p>wrong, that peer pressure can still cause us to doubt ourselves and follow the crowd.</p><p>Why is it that we are so compelled to follow the crowd, even when it is objectively clear that</p><p>they are wrong? According to more recent research, we may simply be wired that way. Specifically,</p><p>these social influences can actually change our perceptions and memories (Edelson, Sharot, Dolan,</p><p>& Dudai, 2011). 7Therefore, 8rather than knowingly making the wrong choice just to conform to peer</p><p>pressure, the influence of others may actually change what we see as the correct choice in the</p><p>moment and remember as the right thing after the fact. Beyond that, we might just have “herding</p><p>brains” with built-in components that monitor our social alignments and make us feel good when we</p><p>follow the crowd too (Shamay-Tsoory, Saporta, Marton-Alper, & Gvirts, 2019).</p><p>Fortunately, this effect has good points as well. In many cases, group decision-making can</p><p>help individuals 9look beyond their own private perspectives and make more rational decisions (Fahr</p><p>& Irlenbusch, 2011). 10Furthermore, pro-social and altruistic behaviors can be influenced and shared</p><p>through such conformity as well (Nook, Ong, Morelli, Mitchell, & Zaki, 2016). Therefore, sometimes</p><p>following the crowd helps people 11get along and make better decisions too.</p><p>Given the above, when making a decision, it is important to consider whether following</p><p>others is a good idea – or is leading you astray instead. Some simple steps can help you 12figure it</p><p>out.</p><p>Getting swept away by what everyone else is doing is often an emotional and thoughtless</p><p>process. We are conforming simply because we have not given sufficient attention and effort toward</p><p>considering any other options. Therefore, 13unless you are in an emergency situation and need to</p><p>immediately follow everyone else toward the nearest exit, it might be a good idea to switch to more</p><p>deliberate thinking processes, rather than just going with your initial reaction.</p><p>Some choices and decision-making situations are more individual, while others are more</p><p>social. Therefore, it is important to consider the specific situation. Is this an individual choice, or does</p><p>it involve others? If you have sufficient information to make a clear choice on your own, and you do</p><p>not need group approval, then you might want to make up your own mind. If you are personally</p><p>unsure, or you need the support of others to make something happen, then taking the opinion of</p><p>others into consideration might be a good idea instead.</p><p>It is generally a good idea to evaluate your choices and decisions from multiple perspectives.</p><p>The same is true for following the opinion of others too. Although it might not feel that way at times,</p><p>especially in the modern day of media coverage and social networking, everyone is not doing it –</p><p>whatever “it” is that you are considering. Given that, before you follow the advice or choices of any</p><p>particular group of people, it might be a good idea to look at what other groups of people are doing or</p><p>choosing too. In addition, we can learn a lot from people making choices contrary to ourselves or our</p><p>preferred group, particularly about potential 14down-sides to choices we might not be seeing.</p><p>Therefore, if you do need to look to others to help provide information regarding a particular choice</p><p>or decision, then it might help to seek out people with a few different opinions, weigh your options</p><p>among them, and figure out what will work best for you.</p><p>(Adapted from https://www.psychologytoday.com. Access on March 25th, 2021)</p><p>5. (Epcar (Afa) 2022) Mark the option in which the passage expresses a condition.</p><p>a) From a perceptual standpoint […] (ref. 5)</p><p>b) Unless you are in an emergency situation […] (ref. 13)</p><p>c) Rather than knowingly making the wrong choice […] (ref. 8)</p><p>d) Furthermore, pro-social and altruistic behaviors can be influenced […] (ref. 10)</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess Set Now</p><p>_______(1) for the past few years the most popular _______(2) on Netflix was undoubtedly</p><p>Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, as portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia Colman in The Crown, this fall</p><p>another type of queen _______(3) her mark: Beth Harmon, the captivating protagonist of The</p><p>Queen's Gambit, a Netflix original that became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew of</p><p>discerning viewers to pick up _______(4).</p><p>Call it the Queen's Gambit effect: Chessboards are flying off the (literal and virtual) rack in</p><p>the wake of the show's hit season. Just ask Anthony Barzilay Freund, editorial director and director</p><p>of fine art at vintage site 1stDibs: “The Queen's Gambit is driving an interest in the game of chess</p><p>among new audiences and demographics,” Freund confirms: “At 1stDibs, in just the month following</p><p>the show's release, we've seen a 100% increase in sales of chessboards, pieces, and tables as</p><p>compared to this time period last year.”</p><p>Of course, while it might be enjoying a renewed popularity at the moment, the game of chess</p><p>dates back centuries and has long captivated players all over the world. It's believed to have derived</p><p>from a 7th-century Indian game, then evolved as it spread across Asia and Europe in the following</p><p>centuries. As a result, says Freund, “you can find a variety of vintage and contemporary chess</p><p>paraphernalia from dealers all over the world.” Those who don't necessarily have the budget for</p><p>pawns of precious stone have a myriad of options on the market at all price ranges. So light a fire,</p><p>make a drink, and set up the chessboard – Beth Harmon would be proud.</p><p>Adapted from https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/a34874207/queens-gambit-beth-</p><p>harmon-chess-sets/es held him for one day and gave him a fine of 500 baht.</p><p>6. (Espcex (Aman) 2022) Choose the alternative with words that respectively complete gaps (1), (2),</p><p>(3) and (4) in the correct way.</p><p>a) Finally, queen, is, chess</p><p>b) Although, queen, made, chess</p><p>c) However, chessboard, makes, queen</p><p>d) The Crown, movie, made, queen</p><p>e) The Crown, actress, makes, Harmon</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>7. (Fcmscsp 2022) O humor da tira decorre, sobretudo,</p><p>a) da dificuldade de entendimento entre as partes, por conta de suas posições antagônicas.</p><p>b) da preponderância do ponto de vista de apenas uma das partes envolvidas.</p><p>c) do fato de o porco não se conformar que a mulher não estava interessada nele.</p><p>d) do fato de o porco estar duplamente equivocado.</p><p>e) da linguagem coloquial utilizada pela mulher no segundo quadrinho.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Examine os gráficos e leia o texto.</p><p>A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer</p><p>than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known</p><p>that</p><p>the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented – and is especially</p><p>marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in</p><p>recent years – and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 – that of the one-third with a</p><p>bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.</p><p>This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the</p><p>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates</p><p>filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed</p><p>differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of</p><p>those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew</p><p>even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other</p><p>Americans got shorter.</p><p>What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people</p><p>develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker</p><p>and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater</p><p>health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of</p><p>automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of</p><p>employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a</p><p>degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths</p><p>of despair”.</p><p>(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.)</p><p>8. (Unesp 2022) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “And whereas the average American’s expected</p><p>span has been flat in recent years”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de</p><p>sentido, por</p><p>a) whenever.</p><p>b) likewise.</p><p>c) while.</p><p>d) otherwise.</p><p>e) unless.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>An invigorating reading</p><p>His grandparents were slaves. His father painted houses. His immigrant mother washed</p><p>laundry. For a poor, mixed-race boy born in Brazil in 1839, their son had done well to become an</p><p>apprentice typesetter in Rio de Janeiro. But a priest taught him Latin, and a literary agent spotted the</p><p>gifted lad at the Imprensa Nacional, the government press, and soon he was contributing to</p><p>newspapers, writing plays and poems and starting a literary circle.</p><p>But it was as a novelist that Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis would truly shine. Machado</p><p>worked as a civil servant and co-founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters; he married happily</p><p>(although his Portuguese in-laws initially objected to the colour of his skin). Beneath all this outward</p><p>respectability, his prose was radically ingenious. Ever since “The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás</p><p>Cubas”, Machado’s fifth novel, appeared in 1881 it has astonished readers with its lordly ironies and</p><p>scorn for convention. The book’s invigorating style, as much as its backdrop of racial and social</p><p>injustice, makes it ideal reading for this morbid, insurgent summer.</p><p>Brás Cubas, the fictional memoirist, has just died from pneumonia. As a thwarted corpse</p><p>who failed in almost everything he tried, he wants to set the record straight about his drifting life as</p><p>an idle, pleasure-seeking dandy in Rio. Beneath his jaunty veneer, Cubas harbours a melancholy</p><p>pessimism. He sees a freedman lash a slave he has bought – to relieve his own sufferings “by</p><p>passing them on to someone else”. Yet the novel floats free of the ambient oppression on currents of</p><p>mischief and urbanity.</p><p>Sprinkled with epigrams, dreams, gags and asides, the story teases, dances and delights.</p><p>Across 160 short chapters (“Long chapters suit long-winded readers”), Machado mocks every rule of</p><p>the 19th-century novel. A chapter of dialogue is written entirely in punctuation (“!…?…!”). In another,</p><p>the narrator acknowledges (in a new translation by Margaret Jull Costa and Robin Patterson), “I have</p><p>just written an utterly pointless chapter”. Dave Eggers, an American author, recently called this “one</p><p>of the wittiest, most playful, and therefore most alive and ageless books ever written”.</p><p>(www.economist.com, 15.08.2020. Adaptado.)</p><p>9. (Unesp 2022) No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “Yet the novel floats free of the ambient oppression</p><p>on currents of mischief and urbanity”, o termo sublinhado expressa</p><p>a) decorrência.</p><p>b) acréscimo.</p><p>c) contraste.</p><p>d) alternância.</p><p>e) exemplificação.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>How bike-friendly 'slow streets' are changing cities</p><p>19th November 2020.</p><p>Moving around Bogotá can be a bit of a Jekyll-or-Hyde experience. On one hand, the city is</p><p>infamous for having the world's worst traffic. Yet, on the other, its cycling infrastructure is considered</p><p>an exemplary model of sustainable urban mobility, according to the Copenhagenize Index, which</p><p>ranks bike-friendly cities. The Colombian capital even spawned a now-international movement in the</p><p>1970s called Ciclovía, which sees 1.5 million people pedal across 128km (80 miles) of car-free</p><p>streets each Sunday morning.</p><p>So, when the pandemic reached its shores in mid-March, Bogotá Mayor Claudia López, an avid</p><p>cyclist herself, enacted one of the world's first plans to encourage bike travel, using traffic cones to</p><p>create 76km of temporary lanes.</p><p>“Everyone started using a bicycle, and they already knew how to get around on one because we</p><p>have this bike culture thanks to the Ciclovía,” says Carlos Pardo, a local cycling advocate at the New</p><p>Urban Mobility Alliance. He got involved at the outset of the pandemic by partnering with a local</p><p>bikeshare company to provide 400 free e-bikes to health workers. He's busy persuading the public</p><p>that the government's new bike lanes should become permanent fixtures in Bogotá.</p><p>Biking has enjoyed a renaissance around the world as urbanites shun public transport for the relative</p><p>safety of a two-wheeled commute. Now, many advocates are working with local governments in the</p><p>hope of turning these pandemic-response measures into lasting changes – ones that are more</p><p>plausible now than ever after lockdowns provided an unprecedented opportunity to fast-track</p><p>infrastructure trials.</p><p>Tabitha Combs, a lecturer at the University of North Carolina, has been crowdsourcing data on local</p><p>actions affecting walking and cycling during the pandemic. She's identified at least 365 global cities</p><p>that have allocated new street space for these activities since March. “This was clearly a</p><p>phenomenon that was taking place in cities all around the world at roughly the same time,” she</p><p>recalls of her decision to document the movement. “It was like a simultaneous global brainwave.”</p><p>Some cities created pop-up bike lanes. Others implemented 'slow streets' by erecting makeshift</p><p>barriers and reducing speed limits so that walkers and bikers could safely share the road with</p><p>necessary vehicles. In Europe, Paris fast-tracked a plan to create 650km of temporary and</p><p>permanent bikeways, while Rome introduced 150km of its own.</p><p>But these measures have not been without their detractors. Berlin was forced to remove eight hastily</p><p>implemented bike paths in September, and New York City also struggled with its implementation,</p><p>which relied either on community members or law enforcement to police new configurations, neither</p><p>of which were particularly welcomed.</p><p>New biking infrastructure has played a key role in incentivising distanced open-air travel. At the</p><p>outset of the pandemic, sales for bikes were up 75% in the US and 63% in the UK. Advocates have</p><p>long touted biking's ability to increase public health and reduce automobile traffic. Of course, getting</p><p>urbanites on bikes is an easy sell in the current climate. Next comes the question of how cities can</p><p>keep them in the saddle once the coronavirus passes, particularly as enthusiasm has already waned</p><p>in places</p><p>such as the UK, where a new report shows having access to a car is more important than</p><p>ever.</p><p>There are signs that governments around the world are actively capitalising on this moment. Some</p><p>are rolling out experimental pilot programmes that, in normal times, could take a decade of</p><p>meticulous planning. “During the pandemic, cities tried to shrink that process down to a couple of</p><p>months or a couple of weeks in some places,” says Tabitha Combs. “I can't stress how revolutionary</p><p>this is in the field of transportation planning.”</p><p>Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20201112-how-bike-friendly-slow-streets-are-</p><p>changing-cities. Por Mark Johanson. Acesso em: 08 jul. 2021. Texto adaptado.</p><p>10. (Upe-ssa 2 2022) Assinale a alternativa CORRETA.</p><p>a) Em: “Moving around Bogotá can be a bit of a Jekyll-or-Hyde experience.” (1st paragraph), a</p><p>expressão em destaque indica uma ideia de contraste, algo que é esclarecido no trecho seguinte:</p><p>“On one hand, the city is infamous for having the world’s worst traffic. Yet, on the other, its cycling</p><p>infrastructure is considered an exemplary model (...)”.</p><p>b) No trecho: “Everyone started using a bicycle, and they already knew how to get around on one</p><p>because we have this bike culture thanks to the Ciclovía,” says Carlos Pardo...” (3rd paragraph)”,</p><p>os verbos sublinhados são, ambos, irregulares, e o termo destacado em negrito faz referência ao</p><p>sujeito da oração seguinte – we.</p><p>c) De acordo com o contexto e a gramática, as palavras grifadas ability, easy e particularly (8th</p><p>paragraph) são, respectivamente, advérbio, substantivo e adjetivo.</p><p>d) No trecho: “But these measures have not been without their detractors.” (7th paragraph), os</p><p>termos sublinhados referem-se aos fatos narrados a seguir, no mesmo parágrafo.</p><p>e) Na frase: “I can’t stress how revolutionary this is in the field of transportation planning.” (9th</p><p>paragraph), Tabitha Combs expressa frustração diante dos acontecimentos.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Brazilian Poet Manoel de Barros Dies Aged 97</p><p>11/14/2014 8h56</p><p>From São Paulo Contribution for Folha from</p><p>Campo Grande</p><p>The author who wrote verses from the "depths of the trifling", as it features in a poem and</p><p>one of his books, poet Manoel de Barros died on Thursday morning, November 13th, aged 97, in</p><p>Campo Grande, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul - MS.</p><p>Manoel de Barros was born in Cuiabá and throughout his life he wrote 18 poetry books, in</p><p>addition to children's books and autobiographical accounts.</p><p>He received a number of literary prizes, two of which were Jabuti prizes (Tortoise prizes) –</p><p>one in 1989 for "O Guardador de Águas" and in 2002 for "O Fazedor do Amanhecer".</p><p>Manoel de Barros used to say that "poetry is not supposed to be understood, it is supposed</p><p>to be incorporated. Understanding it creates a wall. One ought to try to be a tree"</p><p>(Texto adaptado. Fonte: Disponível em:</p><p><https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/culture/2014/11/1548038-brazilian-poet-manoel-de-</p><p>barrosdies-aged-97.shtml>. Acesso em: 24 out. 2021)</p><p>11. (Ufms 2022) Leia a seguinte frase e escolha a alternativa correta que expressa o que as</p><p>palavras em destaque, respectivamente, são.</p><p>“Manoel de Barros was born in Cuiabá and throughout his life he wrote 18 poetry books, in</p><p>addition to children's books and autobiographical accounts.</p><p>a) Preposition; conjunction; conjunction.</p><p>b) Conjunction; adverb; preposition.</p><p>c) Relative pronoun; adverb; conjunction.</p><p>d) Preposition; relative pronoun; preposition.</p><p>e) Adverb; conjunction; conjunction.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Tasmania’s beautiful quarantine site</p><p>by Dr Tiana Templeman</p><p>When World War One broke out in 1914, 1the German crew of the SS Oberhausen were</p><p>declared “enemy aliens” and were caught by a band of 11 Australian naval reservists. Captain</p><p>Johann Meir and his sailors, who were getting timber in Port Huon in Tasmania at the time, could</p><p>have topped up with fuel and got out of port. Instead, they stayed, as it was safer than returning to</p><p>Germany to fight. After piercing their ship’s liquor casks and sharing the booze with their captors, all</p><p>of them arrived in the capital, Hobart, rolling drunk. The reservists had some explaining to do, while</p><p>the Germans were eventually sent to an internment camp at Bruny Island Quarantine Station.</p><p>2Conditions at the camp were reasonably good and Captain Meir was reported as saying, “What</p><p>better place to spend the war?”. He wasn’t the first, nor would he be the last, to experience the</p><p>freedom and isolation of Bruny Island.</p><p>The tiny island located off Tasmania’s south-east coast has played a significant role in</p><p>Australia’s history as its isolation made it the perfect location for quarantine. From 1884, passengers</p><p>arriving in Tasmania had to be disease-free before they were allowed into the general community.</p><p>Instead of being confined to a ship, they served out their isolation period and underwent health</p><p>checks ashore at Bruny Island Quarantine Station.</p><p>Prior to this, Europeans passing by as early as 1777, as 3vessels travelling around the Cape</p><p>of Good Hope in South Africa often used Adventure Bay on Bruny Island as a safe anchorage for</p><p>replenishing supplies such as water and wood. However, European occupation of the Quarantine</p><p>Station site didn’t occur until 1856, with the arrival of the Cox family.</p><p>Anthony Cox was transported from England to Hobart as a convict in 1833 for</p><p>housebreaking. He was granted a conditional pardon in May 1849 and married convict Jane Daly</p><p>soon after. As an ex-convict “of good conduct and disposition to industry”, he received a 19-acre</p><p>parcel of land from the government on the site that would become the Bruny Island Quarantine</p><p>Station. Cox and his family cut firewood for a living on land that was 4widely regarded as “very poor”,</p><p>5yet their home, Shellwood Cottage, was neatly fenced and surrounded by flowers. Compared to the</p><p>6hardships of convict life, 7the freedom and serenity of Bruny Island was akin to paradise.</p><p>The land was eventually sold, and the Bruny Island Quarantine Station was built in the mid-</p><p>1800s 8to avoid the spread of contagious diseases such as typhoid and smallpox that were prevalent</p><p>at the time. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 saw an increase in international travel, and</p><p>thousands of immigrants travelling to Australia on passenger ships to start a new life in the colonies</p><p>were quarantined on Bruny Island.</p><p>Three of the original buildings from this time remain and can be seen today. The cleansing</p><p>room provided pedestrian access to the isolation block and was enclosed by a 3m fence, which also</p><p>surrounded the Health Officer’s quarters and the hospital, observation wards, laundry and mortuary.</p><p>The mortuary was divided into two sections, with one half used for disinfection and fumigation of</p><p>passengers; and the other used as a morgue that fortunately saw little use over the years.</p><p>When Captain Johann Meir and his sailors arrived at the Quarantine Station in January</p><p>1915, it had been set up as a German internment camp. The crew were put to work with other</p><p>Germans cutting wood and clearing land. There were around 70 internees in total and just 15 guards</p><p>to patrol almost 2km of shoreline and a long fence. The task of stopping them from escaping would</p><p>have been impossible – had the prisoners actually wanted to leave.</p><p>Perhaps it was because they proved to have such little interest in escaping that the prisoners</p><p>were given so much freedom. They often worked outside the Quarantine Station boundaries and</p><p>constructed their own buildings, including several camps well away from the main base. According to</p><p>Kathy Duncombe, researcher and committee member of the Friends of Bruny Island Quarantine</p><p>Station, one of their biggest challenges was 9boredom. “They spent their time chopping down trees,</p><p>which were sold, but also because it gave them something to do. Some of them made ships in</p><p>bottles to pass the time.”</p><p>After the Germans were moved to Holsworthy Internment Camp in Sydney in 1915, things</p><p>were quiet at the Quarantine Station – but not for long. The end of World War One coincided with the</p><p>beginning of the Spanish influenza pandemic. 10Instead of coming home to victory parades and</p><p>being reunited with their families, Tasmanian soldiers returning from war spent seven days in</p><p>quarantine at Bruny Island with hundreds of other men. While they were initially disappointed with</p><p>the delay in their return home, many later realized it was the best thing that could have happened.</p><p>They could get their land legs after many days at sea and talk to others who had experienced the</p><p>horrors of war. This was good for the men psychologically as many didn’t want 11to burden their</p><p>families. There was swimming, fishing, football, a movie tent, and a boxing ring, which helped the</p><p>soldiers 12release anger and frustration. 13Spirits were lifted by care packages from the Red Cross</p><p>Society containing luxuries such as cigarettes, books and fruit.</p><p>More about the Quarantine Station’s history continues to be discovered, like the German</p><p>internee’s diary a 90-year-old man who speaks the same German dialect is translating. There are</p><p>578 pages filled with beautiful handwriting and photographs of things we had never seen before.</p><p>History never stands still, there is always more to be told.</p><p>Disponível em: http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20200505-tasmanias-ruggedly-beautiful-quarantine-</p><p>site. Acesso em: 6 maio 2019.</p><p>12. (Ucs 2021) Assinale a alternativa cujo elemento melhor substitui o termo sublinhado no</p><p>segmento a seguir.</p><p>- vessels travelling around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa often used Adventure Bay</p><p>on Bruny Island as a safe anchorage for replenishing supplies such as water and wood.</p><p>However, European occupation of the Quarantine Station site didn’t occur until 1856, with the</p><p>arrival of the Cox family (ref. 3)</p><p>a) And</p><p>b) Also</p><p>c) Moreover</p><p>d) Until</p><p>e) Yet</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>THE POWER OF METAPHORS</p><p>Imagine your city isn’t as safe as it used to be. Robberies are on the rise, home invasions</p><p>are increasing and murder rates have nearly doubled in the past three years. What should city</p><p>officials do about it? Hire more cops to round up the thugs and lock them away in a growing network</p><p>of prisons? Or design programs that promise more peace by addressing issues like a faltering</p><p>economy and underperforming schools?</p><p>Your answer – and the reasoning behind it – can hinge on the metaphor being used to</p><p>describe the problem, according to new research by Stanford psychologists. Your thinking can even</p><p>be swayed with just one word, they say.</p><p>Psychology Assistant Professor Lera Boroditsky and doctoral candidate Paul Thibodeau were</p><p>curious about how subtle cues and common figures of speech can frame approaches to difficult</p><p>problems. “Some estimates suggest that one out of every 25 words we encounter is a metaphor”,</p><p>said Thibodeau, the study’s lead author. “But 1we didn’t know the extent to which these metaphors</p><p>influence people”.</p><p>In five experiments, 2test subjects were asked to read short paragraphs about rising crime</p><p>rates in the fictional city of Addison and answer questions about the city. The researchers gauged</p><p>how people answered these questions in light of how crime was described – as a beast or a virus.</p><p>They found the test subjects’ proposed solutions differed a great deal depending on the</p><p>metaphor they were exposed to. The results have shown that people will likely support an increase in</p><p>police forces and jailing of offenders if crime is described as a “beast” preying on a community. But if</p><p>people are told crime is a “virus” infecting a city, they are more inclined to treat the problem with</p><p>social reform. According to Boroditsky: “People like to think they’re objective. They want to believe</p><p>they’re logical. But they’re really being swayed by metaphors”.</p><p>To get a sense of how much the metaphor really mattered, the researchers also examined</p><p>what role political persuasions play in people’s approach to reducing crime. They suspected that</p><p>Republicans would be more inclined to catch and incarcerate criminals than Democrats, who would</p><p>prefer enacting social reforms. They found Republicans were about 10 percent more likely to</p><p>suggest an enforcement-based solution.</p><p>“We can’t talk about any complex situation – like crime – without using metaphors”, said</p><p>Boroditsky. 3“Metaphors aren’t just used for flowery speech. They shape the conversation for things</p><p>we’re trying to explain and figure out. And they have consequences for determining what we decide</p><p>is the right approach to solving problems”.</p><p>While their research focused on attitudes about crime, their findings can be used to</p><p>understand the implications of how a casual or calculated turn of phrase can influence debates and</p><p>change minds.</p><p>Adaptado de news.stanford.edu.</p><p>13. (Uerj 2020) Metaphors aren’t just used for flowery speech. They shape the conversation</p><p>for things</p><p>we’re trying to explain and figure out. (ref. 3)</p><p>In order to clarify the meaning relation between the two sentences above, the following word can be</p><p>inserted in the underlined one:</p><p>a) also</p><p>b) rather</p><p>c) hardly</p><p>d) already</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Leia o texto e analise os dois mapas para responder ą(s) questćo(ões) a seguir.</p><p>Cerrado</p><p>Located between the Amazon, Atlantic Forests and Pantanal, the Cerrado is the largest savanna region</p><p>in South America.</p><p>The Cerrado is one of the most threatened and overexploited regions in Brazil, second only to the</p><p>Atlantic Forests in vegetation loss and deforestation. Unsustainable agricultural activities, particularly soy</p><p>production and cattle ranching, as well as burning of vegetation for charcoal, continue to pose a major threat to</p><p>the Cerrado’s biodiversity. Despite its environmental importance, it is one of the least protected regions in</p><p>Brazil.</p><p>Facts & Figures</p><p>- Covering 22 million km , or 21% of the country’s territory, the Cerrado is the second largest vegetation</p><p>type in Brazil.</p><p>- The area is equivalent to the size of England, France, Germany, Italy and Spain combined.</p><p>- More than 1,600 species of mammals, birds and reptiles have been identified in the Cerrado.</p><p>- Annual rainfall is around 800 to 1600 mm.</p><p>- The capital of Brazil, Brasilia, is located in the heart of the Cerrado.</p><p>- Only 20% of the Cerrado’s original vegetation remains intact; less than 3% of the area is currently guarded</p><p>by law.</p><p>(http://wwf.panda.org. Adaptado.)</p><p>14. (Unesp 2020) No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Despite its environmental importance”, o termo</p><p>sublinhado equivale, em português, a</p><p>a) desde que.</p><p>b) de acordo com.</p><p>c) devido a.</p><p>d) apesar de.</p><p>e) além de.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Leia o texto sobre uma exposição no museu Tate Modern, em Londres, para responder à(s)</p><p>questão(ões) a seguir.</p><p>Tate Modern – London</p><p>Hélio Oiticica</p><p>Until Summer 2019</p><p>Tropicália</p><p>Tropicália is used to describe the explosion of cultural creativity in Rio de Janeiro and São</p><p>Paulo in 1968 as Brazil’s military regime tightened its grip on power.</p><p>Many of the artists, writers and musicians associated with Tropicália came of age during the</p><p>1950s in a time of intense optimism when the cultural world had been encouraged to play a central</p><p>role in the creation of a democratic, socially just and modern Brazil. Nevertheless, a military coup in</p><p>1964 had brought to power a right-wing regime at odds with the concerns of left-wing artists.</p><p>Tropicália became a way of exposing the contradictions of modernisation under such an</p><p>authoritarian rule.</p><p>The word Tropicália comes from an installation by the artist Hélio Oiticica, who created</p><p>environments that were designed to encourage the viewer’s emotional and intellectual participation.</p><p>Oiticica called them “penetrables” because people were originally encouraged to enter them. They</p><p>mimic the improvised, colourful dwellings in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas, or shanty towns. The lush</p><p>plants and sand help to convey a sense of the tropical character of the city. When Oiticica exhibited</p><p>the work, he also included live parrots.</p><p>From its beginning, Tropicália was seen as a re-articulation of Anthropophagia</p><p>(“cannibalism”), an artistic ideology promoted by Oswald de Andrade.</p><p>(www.tate.org.uk. Adaptado.)</p><p>15. (Unesp 2020) No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Nevertheless, a military coup in 1964”, o termo</p><p>sublinhado indica</p><p>a) contraste.</p><p>b) consequência.</p><p>c) opinião.</p><p>d) aprovação.</p><p>e) alternativa.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir.</p><p>An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering</p><p>with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and</p><p>problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our</p><p>relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress</p><p>hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.</p><p>If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average</p><p>American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly</p><p>all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.</p><p>“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even</p><p>think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of</p><p>Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction.</p><p>“It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check</p><p>the phone to make the stress go away.”</p><p>But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run.</p><p>Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading</p><p>to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away.</p><p>This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And</p><p>chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems,</p><p>including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood</p><p>pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.</p><p>(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)</p><p>16. (Famema 2020) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “But there is another reason for us to rethink</p><p>our relationships with our devices”, o termo sublinhado introduz uma</p><p>a) oposição.</p><p>b) conclusão.</p><p>c) exclusão.</p><p>d) adição.</p><p>e) explicação.</p><p>TEXTO PARA A PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:</p><p>Copenhagen has taken bicycle commuting to a whole new level</p><p>by Erik Kirschbaum</p><p>August 8, 2019</p><p>Copenhagen</p><p>Soren Jensen sold his car six years ago and joined the rivers of rolling humanity who bicycle</p><p>through Copenhagen every day. He quickly lost about 20 kilos on his hour-a-day bike commutes,</p><p>while saving time and a small fortune. “I had a Mercedes but it sat in the garage all the time because</p><p>it was so much easier to get everywhere by bike,” said Jensen, a 51-year-old who works in a</p><p>downtown investment bank.</p><p>Cycling has been a part of life in Copenhagen for decades despite 1windy and rainy</p><p>conditions for much of the year. In recent years, cycling has enjoyed yet another surge in 2popularity</p><p>– the result of 3constantly improving bike lanes coupled with fears of climate change.</p><p>Copenhagen’s City Council reported in early July that 62% of its residents are now</p><p>commuting to work or school by bike. According to local reports, there are more bikes than people in</p><p>Copenhagen, and five times as many bicycles as cars.</p><p>To make commuting by bike even easier, 4faster and more comfortable, there has been a</p><p>spate of activity in recent years to improve the already impressive biking infrastructure. Copenhagen</p><p>has built 17 new bridges over the city’s canals for bicycles. Also, more than a dozen cycle</p><p>superhighways have been set up to create higher-speed, traffic-light-free bike paths.</p><p>Klaus Mygind, a member of Copenhagen’s City Council, believes that many more Danes are</p><p>switching to cycling because they feel a responsibility to future generations. “I do think the climate</p><p>change problem is what has been motivating even more people to take the bike,” he said.</p><p>All walks of life can be seen pedaling against the wind during the morning and evening rush</p><p>hours. It’s not unusual to see lawyers and business professionals in suits or 5dresses standing on</p><p>their bikes at red lights next to butchers, 6bakers and clerks.</p><p>Taken together, the efforts to bolster the cycling infrastructure while making driving and</p><p>parking into the city prohibitively expensive and difficult send strong signals to commuters about</p><p>where the priorities lie in the city that has pledged to become the world’s first carbon-neutral capital</p><p>by 2025.</p><p>Source: https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-08-07/copenhagen-has-taken-bicycle-</p><p>commuting-to-a-new-level. [Adapted].</p><p>Accessed on: August 16th, 2019.</p><p>17. (Ufsc 2020) Select the proposition(s) which contains (contain) correct definitions or synonyms</p><p>for the words in bold as they are used in the text.</p><p>01) commutes: regular trips to school or work</p><p>02) despite: as a consequence of</p><p>04) surge: a sudden increase</p><p>08) spate: decrease</p><p>16) fears: scary</p><p>32) pledged: promised</p><p>18. (Enem PPL 2019)</p><p>O infográfico aborda a importância do inglês para os negócios. Nesse texto, as expressões but e yet</p><p>only evidenciam</p><p>a) um impedimento às transações comerciais em contexto internacional.</p><p>b) o desinteresse dos funcionários nos cursos oferecidos pelas empresas.</p><p>c) uma comparação entre as visões dos executivos sobre o aprendizado do inglês.</p><p>d) a necessidade de inserção de funcionários nativos no mercado de trabalho globalizado.</p><p>e) um contraste entre o ideal e o real sobre a comunicação em inglês no mundo empresarial.</p><p>19. (Eear 2019) Read the text and answer question.</p><p>Dear Mary,</p><p>My younger sister just told us she’s been accepted to her first choice university. Lee is very intelligent. She</p><p>will be the first person in our family to go to college. I got good grades in high school, too, but when I</p><p>graduated I went into the family business __________ going to college. I enjoy my new career, I’m sure that</p><p>I’ve learned a lot of new things.</p><p>With love, Lincon</p><p>Fill in the blank with the option that best completes the text.</p><p>a) as soon as</p><p>b) instead of</p><p>c) still</p><p>d) yet</p><p>TEXTO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS 2 QUESTÕES:</p><p>Leia o texto para responder à(s) questão(ões) a seguir.</p><p>Prescriptions for fighting epidemics</p><p>Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of settled life. Yet, success in conquering</p><p>them remains patchy. Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300 million people</p><p>would come round in the next 20 to 40 years. What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess.</p><p>Chances are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or one that that has not yet</p><p>hatched. The scariest are both highly lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that</p><p>excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations – ordinary business for germs – can</p><p>change that in a blink. Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either wild or packed in</p><p>farms, an animal disease can become a human one.</p><p>A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal influenza virus, which mutates so much</p><p>that a vaccine must be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of 1918, which</p><p>killed 50</p><p>million to 100 million people, was a potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The H5N1</p><p>“avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds</p><p>made the jump to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.</p><p>(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)</p><p>20. (Unesp 2019) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Moreover, when humans get too close to</p><p>beasts”, o termo sublinhado indica</p><p>a) acréscimo.</p><p>b) decorrência.</p><p>c) comparação.</p><p>d) condição.</p><p>e) finalidade.</p><p>21. (Unesp 2019) No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Yet, success in conquering them remains</p><p>patchy”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a</p><p>a) assim mesmo.</p><p>b) portanto.</p><p>c) além disso.</p><p>d) ao invés disso.</p><p>e) no entanto.</p>