EXERCÍCIO_A MODERNA LITERATURA INGLESA

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Regarding both novels �Huxley's Brave New World and
Orwell's 1984�, it is correct to affirm that:
They have nothing in common.
They establish rich comparative possibilities.
Brave New World is denser than 1984.
1984 is denser than Brave New World.
They are both irrelevant literary works for the
contemporary reader.
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra B. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Questão 1 de 10
Corretas �2�
Incorretas �8�
Em branco �0�
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Exercicio
A Moderna Literatura
Inglesa: Crítica Social
Sair
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Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� Ambas as novelas, "Brave New World" de
Huxley e "1984" de Orwell, estão tematicamente
relacionadas e foram escritas no mesmo momento
histórico, com a convergência dos mesmos interesses
políticos. Isso faz com que seja esperado e
absolutamente possível que as duas obras
estabeleçam diálogos comparativos. Portanto, a
alternativa correta é a B, que afirma que as duas
novelas estabelecem ricas possibilidades
comparativas.
2 Marcar para revisão
Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that
improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that
develop them to the utmost advantage. The improvement
of the inborn qualities, or stock, of some human
population, will alone be discussed here. (...) Persistence in
setting forth the national importance of Eugenics. There
are three stages to be passed through. Firstly it must be
made familiar as an academic question, until its exact
importance has been understood and accepted as a fact;
Secondly it must be recognized as a subject whose
practical development deserves serious consideration; and
Thirdly it must be introduced into the national conscience,
like a new religion. �GALTON, 1905, p. 45 ¿ 50�
Source: GALTON, Francis. "Eugenics: its definition, scope
and aims". 1905.
Access in: https://galton.org/essays/1900�1911/galton-
1905-socpapers-eugenics-definition-scope-aims.pdf
Relate the excerpt above, from an essay written by Sir
Francis Galton, with the option that correctly points out the
historical implications of eugenics.
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As an academic subject, eugenics allowed certain
scientific experiments, impeding ¿undesired¿
groups of individuals to procreate based on color,
creed, gender.
As a popular subject, eugenics was never taken
seriously by the scientific community ¿ quickly
fading away from political discussion only to
reemerge in the Nazi regime.
As an academic subject, eugenics feared that
humanity¿s evolutionary path had led to a much-
feared moment in which every person was equal
to one another.
Eugenics reduced the differences between
people, by claiming that it was a religious force
organized by a messianic figure similar to Jesus.
Eugenics improved the conditions of planetary
inhabitance since it could predict the evolutionary
traits of humanity.
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra A. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� After achieving academic status, eugenics
was much more difficult to debunk than it would have
been if there were not so pious defenders of its thesis
- that is to say, that it was possible to develop humans
scientifically in order for them to be racially improved.
Sir Francis Galton was one of its major defenders in
the public and academic debate. Science allowed for
many States worldwide to create structures similar to
what later would become the Nazi concentration
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camps for experiments regarding eugenics to happen
- the same is true for the cleansing of black people
that happened during the interwar period in the United
States, around the 1930s.
3 Marcar para revisão
Tradition is a matter of much wider significance. It cannot
be inherited, and if you want it you must obtain it by great
labour. It involves, in the first place, the historical sense,
which we may call nearly indispensable to anyone who
would continue to be a poet beyond his twenty-fifth year;
and the historical sense involves a perception, not only of
the pastness of the past, but of its presence; the historical
sense compels a man to write not merely with his own
generation in his bones, but with a feeling that the whole of
the literature of Europe from Homer and within it the whole
of the literature of his own country has a simultaneous
existence and composes a simultaneous order. This
historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as well as
of the temporal and of the timeless and of the temporal
together, is what makes a writer traditional. And it is at the
same time what makes a writer most acutely conscious of
his place in time, of his contemporaneity. �ELIOT, 1919, p. 1�
Source: ELIOT, T. S. Tradition and Individual Talent.
Accessed in:
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69400/tradition-
and-the-individual-talent
Considering the notion of tradition theorized by T. S. Eliot,
mark the correct affirmative:
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Eliot understands tradition as the canonical
establishment of writers worth reading, taking
into consideration a series of criteria such as the
'historical sense' of each work of art.
Eliot understands tradition as this simultaneous
relationship that a writer has with the
contemporary presence of past literature, as
informed by a 'historical sense', as well as the full
awareness of one's place in time.
Eliot understands tradition as literary history,
sharing knowledge with the academic
assessment upon the historical context in which
each book was published.
Eliot understands tradition as an ideal order of
books that come from our own experience with
literature throughout our life - reaching its peak at
the moment when one writes their own book to
add to that order.
Eliot understands tradition as a special moment in
history, with books, authors and readers
conjoined into a complex net of ideas, creating
what he calls the 'historical sense'.
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra B. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� T. S. Eliot, um dos maiores poetas do
século XX, desenvolve neste ensaio sobre tradição e
modernismo a sua noção de que para participar do
'sentido histórico' da literatura, é necessário entrar
nesta ordem ideal - ou cânone, se preferir chamá-lo
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assim - e mudá-lo por causa de sua relação com a
presença do passado no momento contemporâneo de
escrita e a maneira como essa presença informa o
escritor sobre seu lugar no tempo. A alternativa
correta é a B, pois ela captura a essência do
pensamento de Eliot sobre a tradição: uma relação
simultânea que um escritor tem com a presença
contemporânea da literatura passada, informada por
um 'sentido histórico', bem como a plena consciência
de seu lugar no tempo.
4 Marcar para revisão
Marque duas obras de George Orwell:
1Q84 eAdmirável Mundo Novo
Fazenda dos Animais e 1984
Fazenda dos Animais e As Ondas
Coração das Trevas e Admirável Mundo Novo
Joyce e As Ondas
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa
correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� George Orwell é autor de seis romances,
a saber: Dias na Birmânia, A Filha do Reverendo,
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Mantenha o Sistema Voador, Vindo para o Ar, Fazenda
dos Animais e 1984. As Ondas foi escrito por Virginia
Woolf e Coração das Trevas por Joseph Conrad.
Portanto, as obras de Orwell mencionadas nas opções
são Fazenda dos Animais e 1984, que estão na
alternativa B.
5 Marcar para revisão
Consider the last extract of Animal Farm:
"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from
man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was
impossible to say which was which" �ORWELL, 2013, Chap.
X�. What did George Orwell mean ?
That all the pigs in the farm were transformed into
men.
That men were transformed into pigs (by a witch).
That Stalinism made Humanity lose its kindness.
That Fordism made Humanity lose its creativity.
That Humanity of that time was losing its
"humanity".
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra E. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
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FEEDBACK� By the end of the novel, man and pig were
two indistinct beings. Pigs grew corrupt as men before
had been. The corrupting effect of power divided the
farm and distanced the animals from the ideals of the
revolution. Pigs become just like men (oppressive), in
the end. Pigs ended up taking over control and acting
in the same oppressive manner as men. This
allegorical novel, then, goes to show the human
behavior mirrored in the pigs' behavior. The unending
search for power and control leads to a loss in
humanity and Utopia, this way, becomes Dystopia. 
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Britain was never the same again after 1918 because the
country had ruined its economy by waging a war
substantially beyond its resources. Moreover, total victory,
ratified by a penal, dictated peace, ruined what little
chances there were of restoring something even faintly like
a stable, liberal, bourgeois Europe, as the economist John
Maynard Keynes immediately recognized. If Germany was
not reintegrated into the European economy, i.e. if the
country¿s economic weight within that economy was not
recognized and accepted there could be no stability. But
this was the last consideration in the minds of those who
had fought to eliminate Germany. �HOSBAWM, 1995, p. 30�
31�
Source: HOBSBAWM, Eric. Age of Extremes: the short XX
century. Great Britain: Abacus, 1995.
According to the text above, the interwar period was ...
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... a politically unstable period, through which the
victorious countries never withdrew their forces
from the battlefield, continuously insisting to
threat the defeated countries with another war.
... a politically stable period, given that the
economic powers established by the victory in
World War I aided and provided healthcare to the
defeated countries.
... a moment deeply invested in its future
possibilities, given that the war had come to a halt
after a settlement was agreed upon and every
country affected by the war could start to recover.
... a moment deeply immersed in political and
economic tensions, given that since the First
World War ended there was a general need for
recovery in Europe.
... a political stable moment, especially amongst
the European countries which participated in the
war, since everyone helped each other to
maintain a regular economic growth.
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra D. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� Any alternative claiming that the World
War I gave way to a stable economic and political
period in Europe is wrong, since the settlement which
determined the victors and the defeated in the war
never fully satisfied the greedy powers of Great
Britain, France (and the United States). Their wish was
for "total victory", which meant the full subjugation of
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the enemy to their political will and power - this
created a feeling of "enforced peace", leading, finally,
to a problematic European recovery in the years after
World War I.
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In relation to Animal Farm, by Orwell, one can say that the
work has been widely regarded as:
A fairy-tale.
A political manifesto.
An impressionist narrative.
An epic poem.
A satirical novel.
Resposta correta
Parabéns, você selecionou a alternativa
correta. Confira o gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� According to Orwell himself, the fable
reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of
1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet
Union. Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a critic of
Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed
Stalinism, an attitude that was critically shaped by his
experiences during the May Days conflicts between
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the POUM and Stalinist forces during the Spanish Civil
War.
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Which of these titles is not an Aldous Huxley's work:
The Waves
Crome Yellow
Antic Hay
Brave New World
Brave New World Revisited
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra A. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� Aldous Huxley was an English novelist
whose most famous work is Brave New World. His first
two published novels were Crome Yellow and Antic
Hay. Thirty years after Brave New World was
published, Huxley assessed his prophecies in Brave
New World Revisited. Therefore, The Waves is the only
novel which was not written by Huxley.
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The fall of protecting class walls transformed the
slumbering majorities behind all parties into one great
unorganized, structureless mass of furious individuals who
had nothing in common except their vague apprehension
that the hopes of party members were doomed, that,
consequently, the most respected, articulate and
representative members of the community were fools and
that all the powers that be were not so much evil as they
were equally stupid and fraudulent. �ARENDT, 1962, p.315�
Source: ARENDT, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism.
Ohio: Meridian Books, 1962.
After reading the excerpt above, mark the option indicating
the correct set of affirmatives.
I. The mass wars that occurred throughout the twentieth
century helped totalitarian regimes to establish mass
control.
II. The mass of individuals mobilized by the Party were not
intelligent and, peacefully, let themselves be ordered
around.
III. Ideologically, totalitarian regimes produced the
equivalence between Nation and Party as best as they
could through propaganda.
I, only.
II, only.
II and III, only.
I, II and III.
I andIII, only.
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Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra E. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
Feedback: Os regimes totalitários, como a Alemanha
nazista, são conhecidos hoje, principalmente, por suas
habilidades de comunicação em massa e pela
imagética impactante que conseguiam produzir,
criando no imaginário geral de seus cidadãos (e do
mundo) a imagem de um Estado bem-sucedido. As
guerras em massa, em toda a sua extensão,
destacaram o quão distantes da realidade do país
esses meios de propaganda poderiam ser, resultando
em uma distorção que favorecia o Partido governante.
Portanto, as afirmações I e III estão corretas, pois
refletem a maneira como os regimes totalitários
estabeleceram controle em massa e produziram a
equivalência entre Nação e Partido através da
propaganda.
10 Marcar para revisão
What, unless biological science is a mass of errors, is the
cause of human intelligence and vigour? Hardship and
freedom: conditions under which the active, strong, and
subtle survive and the weaker go to the wall; conditions
that put a premium upon the loyal alliance of capable men,
upon self-restraint, patience, and decision. And the
institution of the family, and the emotions that arise therein,
the fierce jealousy, the tenderness for offspring, parental
self-devotion, all found their justification and support in the
imminent dangers of the young. �WELLS, 2014, p. 36�
Source: WELLS, H.G. The Time Machine. New York: Signet
Classics, 2014.
I. Herbert George Wells is one of the fathers of science
fiction and dystopian literature.
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BECAUSE
II. He constantly reflected about the potency of human
intelligence and the advantages science presented for
civilization.
Regarding these affirmatives, mark the correct option.
Affirmatives I and II are true, II is a correct
justification of I.
Affirmatives I and II are true, but II is not a correct
justification of I.
Affirmative I is true, and II is false.
Affirmative I is false, and II is true.
Affirmatives I and II are false.
Resposta incorreta
Opa! A alternativa correta é a letra C. Confira o
gabarito comentado!
Gabarito Comentado
FEEDBACK� Herbert George Wells é reconhecido
como um dos pais da literatura de ficção científica e
distópica, tendo escrito várias obras notáveis como
"The Time Machine" �1895�, "The Island of Dr.
Moreau" �1896) e "The War of the Worlds" �1898�.
Muitos de seus livros apresentam um cenário futurista
em que o avanço científico da sociedade ocidental
não resultou em uma relação positiva com o mundo e
entre si em termos de comunidade. Os problemas que
ele explora em seus livros retornam no século XX em
obras como "Brave New World" �1932) e "1984"
�1949�, complexificando os tropos distópicos
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introduzidos por Wells. No entanto, a afirmação II é
falsa, pois, embora Wells refletisse sobre a
humanidade em suas obras, não é correto afirmar que
ele constantemente refletia sobre a potência da
inteligência humana e as vantagens que a ciência
apresentava para a civilização.
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