Memórias do 11 de Setembro

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16
Questão 1
What Do You Remember About September 11, 2001?
By Katherine Schulten
 
Where were you nine years ago Saturday? What do you remember about that day or the days
immediately after? If you‘re in junior high, high school or even the first years of college now, you may
have been too little then to have been aware of what was happening on the day itself. If so, what
have you heard from adults or older friends or relatives about what those days and weeks were like?
Students, tell us what you remember — if you were old enough to remember anything — about
September 11, 2001 or the days that followed it. If you don‘t remember anything, what memories of
that day have you heard older friends or relatives describe? […] Students 13 and older are invited to
comment below. Please use only your first name. For privacy policy reasons, we will not publish
student comments that include a last name.
September 10, 2010 8:13 am – I remember walking into work that day, thinking what a beautiful
day it was, with the sky so blue and, how clear and crisp it was, and then the day went so horribly
wrong […]. – Lisa
September 10, 2010 8:40 am – Such a beautiful, clear blue sky that morning. Heard one of the
planes fly over us as we were getting ready to head off to class. A roommate says, "wow, that
sounded like a low-flying plane." – Alexis
September 10, 2010 8:42 am – I don‘t remember much - I was only 6. […] But I remember my
father being away on business, in a State very close to New York. I remember a friend calling my
mother in near hysterics. She kept saying, "Turn on the news." And my mom didn‘t know what was
happening. She was really worried and kept calling Dad. She had on the news and called out my two
older brothers. We were homeschooled, so they were doing some homework she had assigned them.
They ran out and were watching what was happening with Mom and I remember thinking, "What‘s
happening? Why‘s everyone so worried?" I think it was years later that 9/11 really spoke to me. […]. -
Lola
September 10, 2010 9:08 am – I remember my old neighbor John-John never coming home. -
Genaro
September 10, 2010 9:35 am – I remember I was in my backyard and spraying my dad with a
water hose! Ha, ha! I was only three! – Nancy
September 10, 2010 9:58 am – […] My teacher made us stop doing what we were doing and
explained what was happening and how important New York was. I remember I was sitting on the
couch watching the news and watching the same horrific scene over and over again. Now that I‘m
older I understand. – Nakeira
September 10, 2010 10:07 am – I learned a lot about the 9/11, how the hijackers tried to crash two
of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, they were killing
everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both buildings collapsed within two
hours, destroying buildings around it and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into
the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The 4th plane crashed into a field
near Shanks Ville in rural Pennsylvania after some of its people and flight crew attempted to retake
control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington, D.C. There were no
survivors from any of the flights. It was very sad, I was only 7... – Paris
Available at: NYTimes.com/learning.blogs – September 13th, 2010 (Adapted).
 
Read the statements:
 
I. The hijackers were the only people who tried to stop the planes from crashing against the Twin
Towers of the World Trade Center.
 
II. Nakeira‘s teacher made her stay home watching the horrific scenes over and over again.
 
III. Genaro says he does not remember a thing related to September 11.
 
IV. Paris is only seven years old now and has not learned much about 9/11 yet.
 
V. Nancy‘s father was one of the victims of the collapse of the Twin Towers, that‘s why 9/11 became a
frightening day for her.
 
VI. Lola witnessed the crash of the planes against the New York City buildings and understood
immediately the meaning of the tragedy of 9/11.
 
According to the text, mark the CORRECT answer:
(A) Only II is correct.
(B) I, III and IV are correct.
(C) Only VI is correct.
(D) All the alternatives are correct.
(E) All the alternatives are incorrect.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
I. Os sequestradores dos aviões do atentado de 11 de setembro não tentaram impedir que eles
colidissem com as torres, e sim provocaram o ataque.
II. A professora de Nakeira não a obrigou a assistir as cenas do desastre repetidas vezes. Foi ela quem
assistiu o noticiário em casa.
III. Genaro tem, sim, lembranças sobre o desastre. Ele diz que recorda que seu vizinho John-John
nunca voltou para casa, presumivelmente, por ter morrido no acidente.
IV. Paris não tem 7 anos hoje, essa era sua idade na época do atentado.
V. Segundo o depoimento de Nancy, seu pai e ela estavam brincando no quintal de sua casa no dia do
atentado.
Questão 2
What Do You Remember About September 11, 2001?
By Katherine Schulten
 
Where were you nine years ago Saturday? What do you remember about that day or the days
immediately after? If you‘re in junior high, high school or even the first years of college now, you may
have been too little then to have been aware of what was happening on the day itself. If so, what
have you heard from adults or older friends or relatives about what those days and weeks were like?
Students, tell us what you remember — if you were old enough to remember anything — about
September 11, 2001 or the days that followed it. If you don‘t remember anything, what memories of
that day have you heard older friends or relatives describe? […] Students 13 and older are invited to
comment below. Please use only your first name. For privacy policy reasons, we will not publish
student comments that include a last name.
September 10, 2010 8:13 am – I remember walking into work that day, thinking what a beautiful
day it was, with the sky so blue and, how clear and crisp it was, and then the day went so horribly
wrong […]. – Lisa
September 10, 2010 8:40 am – Such a beautiful, clear blue sky that morning. Heard one of the
planes fly over us as we were getting ready to head off to class. A roommate says, "wow, that
sounded like a low-flying plane." – Alexis
September 10, 2010 8:42 am – I don‘t remember much - I was only 6. […] But I remember my
father being away on business, in a State very close to New York. I remember a friend calling my
mother in near hysterics. She kept saying, "Turn on the news." And my mom didn‘t know what was
happening. She was really worried and kept calling Dad. She had on the news and called out my two
older brothers. We were homeschooled, so they were doing some homework she had assigned them.
They ran out and were watching what was happening with Mom and I remember thinking, "What‘s
happening? Why‘s everyone so worried?" I think it was years later that 9/11 really spoke to me. […]. -
Lola
September 10, 2010 9:08 am – I remember my old neighbor John-John never coming home. -
Genaro
September 10, 2010 9:35 am – I remember I was in my backyard and spraying my dad with a
water hose! Ha, ha! I was only three! – Nancy
September 10, 2010 9:58 am – […] My teacher made us stop doing what we were doing and
explained what was happening and how important New York was. I remember I was sitting on the
couch watching the news and watching the same horrific scene over and over again. Now that I‘m
older I understand. – Nakeira
September 10, 2010 10:07 am – I learned a lot about the 9/11, how the hijackers tried to crash two
of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, they were killing
everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both buildings collapsed within two
hours, destroying buildings around it and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into
the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside Washington, D.C. The 4th plane crashed into a field
near Shanks Ville in rural Pennsylvania after some"pessoas", como desejam os
cientistas mais sensíveis à causa dos cetáceos.
c) infelizmente, mesmo considerando a ética dos que cuidam dos cetáceos em cativeiro, ainda há
muito o que fazer para que os mamíferos marinhos sejam realmente levados a sério pela comunidade
científica.
d) lamentavelmente, não é possível considerar os cetáceos como "pessoas", mesmo com
todo empenho da comunidade científica e daqueles que lidam com esses animais marinhos com o
objetivo de gerar renda.
e) infelizmente, sem os avanços esperados nas pesquisas sobre os cetáceos, não há ganho para a
comunidade científica, que entra em conflito com os que cuidam desses animais em cativeiro, apenas
para gerar receita.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Do último parágrafo, conclui-se que, infelizmente, enquanto houve progresso por parte dos cientistas,
que se mostraram sensíveis à questão ética dos cetáceos ("there has been consistent progress in
scientists' sensitivity to the ethical issues"), o mesmo não pode ser dito em relação àqueles que usam
esses animais para gerar receita ("the same cannot be said for those who use cetaceans to generate
revenue").of its people and flight crew attempted to retake
control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington, D.C. There were no
survivors from any of the flights. It was very sad, I was only 7... – Paris
Available at: NYTimes.com/learning.blogs – September 13th, 2010 (Adapted).
The sentence "If you?re in junior high, high school or even the first years of college now, you may
have been too little then to have been aware of what was happening on the day itself" refers to the
fact that:
(A) is such a shame that young people ignore September 11.
(B) it is understandable that youngsters are not interested about 9/11.
(C) there is a major possibility that young students did not understand immediately the real
dimension of the September 11 events.
(D) the new generations are more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
(E) the American youth is highly alienated.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A sentença se refere ao fato de que há uma grande chance de que os estudantes que estão
atualmente no Ensino Fundamental ou Médio não tenham entendido na época a real dimensão dos
eventos de 11 de setembro de 2001, por serem muito jovens.
Questão 3
We’ve modified our behavior so we can text and walk
Texting – or checking social media or reading/responding to mail or reading the news or checking the
weather or watching a video – while walking is a pretty common phenomenon. It’s so common that
most people who own a mobile device have become texting walkers. Research suggests that these
texters adopt protective measures to minimize the risk of accidents when walking. They’re less likely
to trip because they shorten their step length, reduce step frequency, lengthen the time during which
both feet are in contact with the ground, and increase obstacle clearance height. Taken together this
creates an exaggerated image of walking, but it apparently slows the walker enough so that he
registers some of what is happening around him and can compensate for it.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, “texting walkers” são pessoas que
a) caminham longas distâncias e usam o celular para registrar essas distâncias.
b) escrevem ou leem mensagens, ou veem vídeos no celular enquanto caminham.
c) testam o celular como dispositivo para caminhadas longas.
d) tropeçam e caem quando usam o celular enquanto caminham.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
Segundo o texto, "texting walkers" são pessoas que escrevem ou leem mensagens, ou veem vídeos
no celular enquanto caminham. Como lemos no texto, escrever/responder a e-mails, ler notícias,
checar a previsão do tempo ou assistir a vídeos enquanto se caminha tem se tornado bastante
comum, a ponto de a maioria das pessoas que possuem um aparelho celular terem se tornado
"texting walkers" ("Texting – or checking social media or reading/responding to mail or reading the
news or checking the weather or watching a video – while walking is a pretty common
phenomenon. It’s so common that most people who own a mobile device have become texting
walkers").
Questão 4
We’ve modified our behavior so we can text and walk
Texting – or checking social media or reading/responding to mail or reading the news or checking the
weather or watching a video – while walking is a pretty common phenomenon. It’s so common that
most people who own a mobile device have become texting walkers. Research suggests that these
texters adopt protective measures to minimize the risk of accidents when walking. They’re less likely
to trip because they shorten their step length, reduce step frequency, lengthen the time during which
both feet are in contact with the ground, and increase obstacle clearance height. Taken together this
creates an exaggerated image of walking, but it apparently slows the walker enough so that he
registers some of what is happening around him and can compensate for it.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
Que mudanças no comportamento dessas pessoas são decorrentes da adaptação à tecnologia
apresentada no texto?
a) Elas diminuem a extensão e a frequência dos passos, aumentando o tempo em que os dois pés
ficam em contato com o chão; calculam melhor a altura dos obstáculos no percurso.
b) Elas aumentam a extensão dos passos e diminuem sua frequência, para que os dois pés fiquem
mais tempo em contato com o chão.
c) Antes de iniciar a caminhada, elas registram, no celular, a extensão do trajeto, a frequência dos
passos e o tempo em que os dois pés ficam em contato com o chão.
d) Antes de iniciar a caminhada, elas registram, no celular, a extensão e a altura dos obstáculos
do percurso, a frequência dos passos e o tempo em que os dois pés ficam em contato com o chão.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Segundo o texto, graças à adaptação dessas pessoas à tecnologia, elas diminuem a extensão e a
frequência dos passos ("they shorten their step length"), aumentando o tempo em que os dois pés
ficam em contato com o chão ("reduce step frequency, lengthen the time during which both feet in
contact with the ground"), e calculam melhor a altura dos obstáculos no percurso ("increase obstacle
clearance height").
Questão 5
Voices: The Pope's powerful message to Cubans
Rick Jervis, September 24, 2015
Pope Francis calls for 'revolution of tenderness' in Cuba
SANTIAGO DE CUBA – I’ve always been fairly skeptical about how much power one man can exercise,
even if that man commands the attention of 1.2 billion Roman Catholics.
I understand that Pope John Paul II visited Poland in the 1970s and ‘80s and gave speeches so stirring
that they helped launch the Solidarity opposition movement and lead to the collapse of communism in
the country. And I know that popes throughout history have had influential moments.
But, really, how much can one man and one microphone do? How literally do people take his
message? These were the questions that kept my mind busy when I left for Cuba last week to cover
Pope Francis’ four-day trip. I was curious to see how much impact the words of this 78-year-old man
can have on a population of 11 million.
I’m becoming fairly familiar with Cuba. I’ve been to the island three times this year, five times overall,
and grew up in southern Florida. My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962. Cuba today
continues to fascinate and dismay. It’s a place of beauty and jolting contradictions. The re-
establishment of relations between the U.S. and Cuban governments, begun last December, continue
to stir excitement and hope in Cubans, and changes are trickling in.
I followed Pope Francis from Havana to Santiago and heard him talk of reconciliation, love for
mankind and the importance of family. I interviewed Cubans who glowed with the fervor of the faithful
as they pledged their love for the Pope and promised to follow his message. But my question
remained: What does all of this mean? How does it translate to actual change on the island?
To help me sort through this, I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest here who helped
welcome the Pope to the city. We sat in the cool, cavernous back room of his 18th-century church,
safe from the 37-degree heat outside. Catasus said "don't focus on any grand political or social
changes stemming from the papal visit". The most important changes, he said, come from within.
That’s what Pope Francis offered as a first step, and that’s what Cubans across the island, in chants,
cheers and tearful acceptance, agreed to abide by.
"The lives of men are decided in their hearts", Catasus told me. "That’s where we’ll see the change".
This may not be 1980s Poland, and Solidarity may still not be anywhere in sight. But first things first.
A change of heart can often lead to a world of good.
Adapted from: .
Concerning the author of the text, identify the statements below as true (T) or false (F):
( ) He was raisedin the south of Florida, USA.
( ) His parents are Cubans who left the country and moved to the USA.
( ) He feels fascinated by the beauty and contradictions of Cuba.
( ) He considers that Cubans are not interested about the re-establishment of relations with the USA.
( ) He was born in 1962 when his parents left Cuba.
Mark the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
a) F – F – F – T – F.
b) T – T – T – F – F.
c) F – T – F – T – F.
d) T – T – F – F – T.
e) T – F – T – T – T.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
O autor do texto foi criado no sul da Flórida ("grew up in southern Florida"), seus pais ram cubanos
que foram para os Estados Unidos ("My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962.") e ele se
sente fascinado pela beleza e as contradições do país ("Cuba today continues to fascinate and
dismay. It’s a place of beauty and jolting contradictions.").
Questão 6
Voices: The Pope's powerful message to Cubans
Rick Jervis, September 24, 2015
Pope Francis calls for 'revolution of tenderness' in Cuba
SANTIAGO DE CUBA – I’ve always been fairly skeptical about how much power one man can exercise,
even if that man commands the attention of 1.2 billion Roman Catholics.
I understand that Pope John Paul II visited Poland in the 1970s and ‘80s and gave speeches so stirring
that they helped launch the Solidarity opposition movement and lead to the collapse of communism in
the country. And I know that popes throughout history have had influential moments.
But, really, how much can one man and one microphone do? How literally do people take his
message? These were the questions that kept my mind busy when I left for Cuba last week to cover
Pope Francis’ four-day trip. I was curious to see how much impact the words of this 78-year-old man
can have on a population of 11 million.
I’m becoming fairly familiar with Cuba. I’ve been to the island three times this year, five times overall,
and grew up in southern Florida. My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962. Cuba today
continues to fascinate and dismay. It’s a place of beauty and jolting contradictions. The re-
establishment of relations between the U.S. and Cuban governments, begun last December, continue
to stir excitement and hope in Cubans, and changes are trickling in.
I followed Pope Francis from Havana to Santiago and heard him talk of reconciliation, love for
mankind and the importance of family. I interviewed Cubans who glowed with the fervor of the faithful
as they pledged their love for the Pope and promised to follow his message. But my question
remained: What does all of this mean? How does it translate to actual change on the island?
To help me sort through this, I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest here who helped
welcome the Pope to the city. We sat in the cool, cavernous back room of his 18th-century church,
safe from the 37-degree heat outside. Catasus said "don't focus on any grand political or social
changes stemming from the papal visit". The most important changes, he said, come from within.
That’s what Pope Francis offered as a first step, and that’s what Cubans across the island, in chants,
cheers and tearful acceptance, agreed to abide by.
"The lives of men are decided in their hearts", Catasus told me. "That’s where we’ll see the change".
This may not be 1980s Poland, and Solidarity may still not be anywhere in sight. But first things first.
A change of heart can often lead to a world of good.
Adapted from: .
Consider the following statements about what the author of the text did in the island during the
Pope’s visit:
1. He visited a priest who also gave speeches during the Pope’s stay in Cuba.
2. He talked to the Cuban people and observed their faith.
3. In order to escape from the warm weather, he decided to go to an old church.
4. He followed Pope Francis and heard his speeches.
Which of the statements above are TRUE, according to the text?
a) Only 1 and 2.
b) Only 2 and 4.
c) Only 3 and 4.
d) Only 1, 2 and 3.
e) Only 1, 3 and 4.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
2. Verdadeira. O autor do texto falou com os cubanos e observou sua fé (" I interviewed Cubans who
glowed with the fervor of the faithful [...]").
4. Verdadeira. O autor seguiu o papa e ouviu seus discursos ("I followed Pope Francis from Havana to
Santiago and heard him talk [...]"). 
Questão 7
Voices: The Pope's powerful message to Cubans
Rick Jervis, September 24, 2015
Pope Francis calls for 'revolution of tenderness' in Cuba
SANTIAGO DE CUBA – I’ve always been fairly skeptical about how much power one man can exercise,
even if that man commands the attention of 1.2 billion Roman Catholics.
I understand that Pope John Paul II visited Poland in the 1970s and ‘80s and gave speeches so stirring
that they helped launch the Solidarity opposition movement and lead to the collapse of communism in
the country. And I know that popes throughout history have had influential moments.
But, really, how much can one man and one microphone do? How literally do people take his
message? These were the questions that kept my mind busy when I left for Cuba last week to cover
Pope Francis’ four-day trip. I was curious to see how much impact the words of this 78-year-old man
can have on a population of 11 million.
I’m becoming fairly familiar with Cuba. I’ve been to the island three times this year, five times overall,
and grew up in southern Florida. My parents are Cubans who left the country in 1962. Cuba today
continues to fascinate and dismay. It’s a place of beauty and jolting contradictions. The re-
establishment of relations between the U.S. and Cuban governments, begun last December, continue
to stir excitement and hope in Cubans, and changes are trickling in.
I followed Pope Francis from Havana to Santiago and heard him talk of reconciliation, love for
mankind and the importance of family. I interviewed Cubans who glowed with the fervor of the faithful
as they pledged their love for the Pope and promised to follow his message. But my question
remained: What does all of this mean? How does it translate to actual change on the island?
To help me sort through this, I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest here who helped
welcome the Pope to the city. We sat in the cool, cavernous back room of his 18th-century church,
safe from the 37-degree heat outside. Catasus said "don't focus on any grand political or social
changes stemming from the papal visit". The most important changes, he said, come from within.
That’s what Pope Francis offered as a first step, and that’s what Cubans across the island, in chants,
cheers and tearful acceptance, agreed to abide by.
"The lives of men are decided in their hearts", Catasus told me. "That’s where we’ll see the change".
This may not be 1980s Poland, and Solidarity may still not be anywhere in sight. But first things first.
A change of heart can often lead to a world of good.
Adapted from: .
According to the text, Jorge Catasus is:
a) the writer’s father.
b) a political figure.
c) a close friend he met in Cuba.
d) a parish journalist.
e) a priest in Cuba.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
Jorge Catasus é um padre cubano ("I visited Father Jorge Catasus, a popular parish priest [...]").
Questão 8
Walk or cycle for “a happier commute”
 Walking or cycling to work instead of driving a car can improve people’s feelings of
health and happiness. That’s what
 a study at the University of East Anglia in the UK suggests.
 For many people commuting is a necessary evil. Most see going by car or van as
the ‘least worst’ option. This study
 by the researchers at the University of East Anglia challenges that assumption. It
suggests walking, cycling or travelling
05 by public transport can lift the mood. Crucially, it suggests those who switch from
the car to an active commute feel better
 across a range of psychological measures, including concentration, decision making
and the ability to face up to problems.
 The researchers say policies encouragingpeople to leave their cars at home could
have a dramatic impact on public
 wellbeing
BRIMELOW, A. Walk or cycle for “a happier commute”. BBC, 15 set. 2014. Disponível em:
. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2014.
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
According to the study mentioned in the text,
( ) using public transportation can make people feel down.
( ) travelling to and from work is no problem for the majority of people.
( ) people should be stimulated to avoid driving to work and opt for active commuting.
( ) replacing the car for active commuting can have significant positive impacts on a person’s health.
The correct sequence, from first to last, is
(01) T T T T
(02) T T F F
(03) T F F T
(04) F T T F
(05) F F T T
Gabarito:
05
Resolução:
A primeira afirmativa é falsa, porque, nas linhas 4-5, afirma-se o contrário: “travelling by public
transport can lift the mood”. A segunda afirmativa também é falsa, porque, na linha 3, lê-se que
realizar trajeto entre a casa e o trabalho é considerado, pela maioria das pessoas, um mal necessário
(“For many people commuting is a necessary evil”). A terceira afirmativa é verdadeira, porque, de
acordo com o texto, estudos acadêmicos comprovam o bem-estar proveniente do hábito de realizar o
trajeto casa-trabalho com meios ativos (como caminhada, bicicleta ou transporte público). Tais
estudos deveriam servir para embasar políticas de estímulo ao uso desses meios de transporte e de
desestímulo ao uso do carro. A quarta afirmativa é verdadeira, pois, segundo o que se afirma nas
linhas 3-5, trocar o carro por opções ativas de transporte para realizar o trajeto casa-trabalho pode
trazer bem-estar e melhorar o humor das pessoas, conforme pesquisa da University of East Anglia.
Questão 9
Walk or cycle for “a happier commute”
 Walking or cycling to work instead of driving a car can improve people’s feelings of
health and happiness. That’s what
 a study at the University of East Anglia in the UK suggests.
 For many people commuting is a necessary evil. Most see going by car or van as
the ‘least worst’ option. This study
 by the researchers at the University of East Anglia challenges that assumption. It
suggests walking, cycling or travelling
05 by public transport can lift the mood. Crucially, it suggests those who switch from
the car to an active commute feel better
 across a range of psychological measures, including concentration, decision making
and the ability to face up to problems.
 The researchers say policies encouraging people to leave their cars at home could
have a dramatic impact on public
 wellbeing
BRIMELOW, A. Walk or cycle for “a happier commute”. BBC, 15 set. 2014. Disponível em:
. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2014.
The study has found that people who stop driving and start using some kind of active travel
___________
The only alternative that does not complete this blank correctly is
(01) become more cheerful.
(02) deal better with eventual problems.
(03) act confidently when deciding what to do.
(04) find it hard to manage psychological issues.
(05) have less difficulty giving all their attention to something they are doing.
Gabarito:
04
Resolução:
A alternativa a assinalar é a (04), por ser a única que traz conteúdo incompatível com a afirmação a
preencher, tendo em vista o texto apresentado. As demais alternativas completam coerentemente a
afirmação e, portanto, não devem ser assinaladas. O estudo da University of East Anglia descobriu
que parar de usar o carro e passar a usar alguma forma ativa de transporte para o trajeto casa-
trabalho pode: (01) melhorar o humor das pessoas (“can lift the mood”, l. 5), (02) melhorar sua
habilidade de lidar com eventuais problemas (“ability to face up to problems”, l. 4-5), (03) ajudar a
atuar com mais confiança em tomadas de decisão (“decision making”, l. 4-5) e (05) ter mais atenção
às atividades em geral (“concentration”, l. 4-5).
Questão 10
Walk or cycle for “a happier commute”
 Walking or cycling to work instead of driving a car can improve people’s feelings of
health and happiness. That’s what
 a study at the University of East Anglia in the UK suggests.
 For many people commuting is a necessary evil. Most see going by car or van as
the ‘least worst’ option. This study
 by the researchers at the University of East Anglia challenges that assumption. It
suggests walking, cycling or travelling
05 by public transport can lift the mood. Crucially, it suggests those who switch from
the car to an active commute feel better
 across a range of psychological measures, including concentration, decision making
and the ability to face up to problems.
 The researchers say policies encouraging people to leave their cars at home could
have a dramatic impact on public
 wellbeing
BRIMELOW, A. Walk or cycle for “a happier commute”. BBC, 15 set. 2014. Disponível em:
. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2014.
The adjective “worst” (l. 3) is the superlative degree of
(01) ill.
(02) bad.
(03) well.
(04) wise.
(05) badly.
Gabarito:
02
Resolução:
O adjetivo “worst” (l. 3, “pior”) é a forma superlativa do adjetivo “bad” (“mau”, “ruim”).
Questão 11
We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female
entrepreneurs
1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate
2 investment proposals, the language they use to
3 describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an
4 important but often hidden role in shaping who is
5 awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access
6 to government venture capital decision making
7 meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the
8 types of language that VCs used over a two-year
9 period. One major thing stuck out: The language
10 used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was
11 radically different. And these differences have very
12 real consequences for those seeking funding – and
13 for society in general.
14 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is
15 important for bridging significant financial gaps and
16 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take
17 risks where banks are not allowed to. When
18 uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product
19 and market potential, for example, the assessment of
20 the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central
21 in government VCs’ decision making.
22 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are
23 owned and run by women, although they are not
24 granted a corresponding proportion of government
25 funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive
26 much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned
27 companies.
28 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to
29 2010 we were invited to silently observe
30 governmental VC decision-making meetings and,
31 more important, the conversations they had about
32 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed
33 closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
34 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of
35 these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and
36 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group
37 of government venture capitalists observed included
38 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]
39 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers
40 rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women
41 as having qualities opposite to those considered
42 important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs
43 questioning their credibility, trustworthiness,
44 experience, and knowledge.
45 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
46 financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men
47 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male
48 entrepreneurs were commonly described as being
49 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced,
50 knowledgeable, and having established networks.
51 We developedmale and female entrepreneur
52 personas based on our findings [...]. These personas
53 highlight a few key differences in how the
54 entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their
55 gender. Men were characterized as having
56 entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
57 potential for women was diminished. Many of the
58 young men and women were described as being
59 young, though youth for men was viewed as
60 promising, while young women were considered
61 inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
62 aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience
63 and excitement were tempered by discussions of their
64 emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was
65 viewed very differently depending on the gender of
66 the entrepreneur.
67 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have
68 played a role in who got funding and who didn’t.
69 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on
70 average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas
71 men received, on average, 52% of what they asked
72 for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
73 extent than men, with close to 53% of women having
74 their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of
75 men. [...]
76 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the
77 distribution of financing, but could also have other
78 major consequences. Because the purpose of 
79 government venture capital is to use tax money to
80 stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
81 whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money
82 isn’t being invested in businesses that have the
83 highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
84 women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
85 society as a whole.
Harvard Business Review. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 maio 2017.
Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) o número de propostas feitas por mulheres representava um terço do total de pedidos de
investimento.
b) em virtude dos estereótipos de gênero, somente 16 das candidatas receberam financiamento.
c) as empreendedoras que foram aprovadas receberam somente 53% do total que requereram.
d) os homens conseguiram mais do que o dobro de financiamento se comparados às mulheres.
e) 52% dos requerentes do gênero masculino tiveram seus pedidos de financiamento aprovados.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
Confirma-se que os homens receberam mais que o dobro de financiamento se comparados às
mulheres pelo trecho "Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for
amount, whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for" ("Empreendedoras
mulheres só receberam, em média, 25% da quantia requisitada, enquanto so homens receberam, em
média, 52% do que pediram"). 
Questão 12
We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female
entrepreneurs
1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate
2 investment proposals, the language they use to
3 describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an
4 important but often hidden role in shaping who is
5 awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access
6 to government venture capital decision making
7 meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the
8 types of language that VCs used over a two-year
9 period. One major thing stuck out: The language
10 used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was
11 radically different. And these differences have very
12 real consequences for those seeking funding – and
13 for society in general.
14 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is
15 important for bridging significant financial gaps and
16 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take
17 risks where banks are not allowed to. When
18 uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product
19 and market potential, for example, the assessment of
20 the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central
21 in government VCs’ decision making.
22 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are
23 owned and run by women, although they are not
24 granted a corresponding proportion of government
25 funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive
26 much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned
27 companies.
28 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to
29 2010 we were invited to silently observe
30 governmental VC decision-making meetings and,
31 more important, the conversations they had about
32 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed
33 closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
34 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of
35 these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and
36 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group
37 of government venture capitalists observed included
38 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]
39 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers
40 rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women
41 as having qualities opposite to those considered
42 important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs
43 questioning their credibility, trustworthiness,
44 experience, and knowledge.
45 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
46 financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men
47 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male
48 entrepreneurs were commonly described as being
49 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced,
50 knowledgeable, and having established networks.
51 We developed male and female entrepreneur
52 personas based on our findings [...]. These personas
53 highlight a few key differences in how the
54 entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their
55 gender. Men were characterized as having
56 entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
57 potential for women was diminished. Many of the
58 young men and women were described as being
59 young, though youth for men was viewed as
60 promising, while young women were considered
61 inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
62 aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience
63 and excitement were tempered by discussions of their
64 emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was
65 viewed very differently depending on the gender of
66 the entrepreneur.
67 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have
68 played a role in who got funding and who didn’t.
69 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on
70 average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas
71 men received, on average, 52% of what they asked
72 for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
73 extent than men, with close to 53% of women having
74 their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of
75 men. [...]
76 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the
77 distribution of financing, but could also have other
78 major consequences. Because the purpose of 
79 government venture capital is to use tax money to
80 stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
81 whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money
82 isn’t being invested in businesses that have the
83 highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
84 women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
85 society as a whole.
Harvard Business Review. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 maio 2017.
Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
a) na Suécia, as mulheres possuem cerca de um terço das empresas e, proporcionalmente,
conseguem financiamento correspondente ao concedido a empreendedores do sexo masculino.
b) foram observadas, pelo período de um ano, as reuniões decisórias para a escolha de quais
empreendedores receberiam investimento de capital de risco pelo governo sueco.
c) a análise do potencial de mercado ou do produto é primordial na tomada de decisão sempre que
há dúvidas em relação ao potencial do empreendedor.
d) tendo em vista que os bancos não podem assumir determinados riscos, o aporte de capital por
parte do governo desempenha um papel importante no incentivo à inovaçãoe ao crescimento.
e) a forma como os investidores (VCs) descrevem os empreendedores desempenha um papel muito
claro e inquestionável na decisão de como os recursos financeiros são distribuídos.
Gabarito:
D
Resolução:
Lemos no texto que: "Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant
financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not
allowed to" ("Por todo o mundo, o investimento governamental de capital de risco é importante para
cobrir lacunas financeiras significativas e apoiar a inovação e o crescimento, uma vez que os
investidores podem assumir riscos que os bancos não podem").
Questão 13
We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female
entrepreneurs
1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate
2 investment proposals, the language they use to
3 describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an
4 important but often hidden role in shaping who is
5 awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access
6 to government venture capital decision making
7 meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the
8 types of language that VCs used over a two-year
9 period. One major thing stuck out: The language
10 used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was
11 radically different. And these differences have very
12 real consequences for those seeking funding – and
13 for society in general.
14 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is
15 important for bridging significant financial gaps and
16 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take
17 risks where banks are not allowed to. When
18 uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product
19 and market potential, for example, the assessment of
20 the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central
21 in government VCs’ decision making.
22 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are
23 owned and run by women, although they are not
24 granted a corresponding proportion of government
25 funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive
26 much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned
27 companies.
28 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to
29 2010 we were invited to silently observe
30 governmental VC decision-making meetings and,
31 more important, the conversations they had about
32 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed
33 closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
34 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of
35 these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and
36 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group
37 of government venture capitalists observed included
38 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]
39 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers
40 rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women
41 as having qualities opposite to those considered
42 important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs
43 questioning their credibility, trustworthiness,
44 experience, and knowledge.
45 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
46 financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men
47 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male
48 entrepreneurs were commonly described as being
49 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced,
50 knowledgeable, and having established networks.
51 We developed male and female entrepreneur
52 personas based on our findings [...]. These personas
53 highlight a few key differences in how the
54 entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their
55 gender. Men were characterized as having
56 entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
57 potential for women was diminished. Many of the
58 young men and women were described as being
59 young, though youth for men was viewed as
60 promising, while young women were considered
61 inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
62 aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience
63 and excitement were tempered by discussions of their
64 emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was
65 viewed very differently depending on the gender of
66 the entrepreneur.
67 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have
68 played a role in who got funding and who didn’t.
69 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on
70 average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas
71 men received, on average, 52% of what they asked
72 for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
73 extent than men, with close to 53% of women having
74 their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of
75 men. [...]
76 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the
77 distribution of financing, but could also have other
78 major consequences. Because the purpose of 
79 government venture capital is to use tax money to
80 stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
81 whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money
82 isn’t being invested in businesses that have the
83 highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
84 women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
85 society as a whole.
Harvard Business Review. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 maio 2017.
Adaptado.
De acordo com as observações dos pesquisadores, para os investidores (VCs)
a) excesso de entusiasmo causa desconfiança em relação a controle emocional, no caso de mulheres.
b) cautela é positiva quando se trata de homens; porém, no caso de mulheres, significa medo de
arriscar.
c) juventude é vista como um aspecto promissor tanto para mulheres quanto para homens.
d) agressividade e arrogância são consideradas características negativas para ambos os gêneros.
e) experiência, conhecimento e competência são características marcantes das mulheres.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Conforme o texto, "Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while women’s
experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings" ("Homens
foram elogiados por serem vistos como agressivos ou arrogantes, enquanto a experiência e
empolgação das mulheres foram diminuídas por discussões sobre suas deficiências emocionais"). 
Questão 14
We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female
entrepreneurs
1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate
2 investment proposals, the language they use to
3 describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an
4 important but often hidden role in shaping who is
5 awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access
6 to government venture capital decision making
7 meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the
8 types of language that VCs used over a two-year
9 period. One major thing stuck out: The language
10 used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was
11 radically different. And these differences have very
12 real consequences for those seeking funding – and
13 for society in general.
14 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is
15 important for bridging significant financial gaps and
16 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take
17 risks where banks are not allowed to. When
18 uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product
19 and market potential, for example, the assessment of
20 the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central
21 in government VCs’ decision making.
22 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are
23 owned and run by women, although they are not
24 granted a corresponding proportion of government
25 funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive
26 much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned
27 companies.
28 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to
29 2010 we were invited to silently observe
30 governmental VC decision-making meetings and,
31 more important, the conversations they had about
32 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed
33 closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
34 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of
35 these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and
36 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group
37 of governmentventure capitalists observed included
38 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]
39 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers
40 rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women
41 as having qualities opposite to those considered
42 important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs
43 questioning their credibility, trustworthiness,
44 experience, and knowledge.
45 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
46 financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men
47 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male
48 entrepreneurs were commonly described as being
49 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced,
50 knowledgeable, and having established networks.
51 We developed male and female entrepreneur
52 personas based on our findings [...]. These personas
53 highlight a few key differences in how the
54 entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their
55 gender. Men were characterized as having
56 entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
57 potential for women was diminished. Many of the
58 young men and women were described as being
59 young, though youth for men was viewed as
60 promising, while young women were considered
61 inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
62 aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience
63 and excitement were tempered by discussions of their
64 emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was
65 viewed very differently depending on the gender of
66 the entrepreneur.
67 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have
68 played a role in who got funding and who didn’t.
69 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on
70 average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas
71 men received, on average, 52% of what they asked
72 for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
73 extent than men, with close to 53% of women having
74 their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of
75 men. [...]
76 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the
77 distribution of financing, but could also have other
78 major consequences. Because the purpose of 
79 government venture capital is to use tax money to
80 stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
81 whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money
82 isn’t being invested in businesses that have the
83 highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
84 women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
85 society as a whole.
Harvard Business Review. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 maio 2017.
Adaptado.
Marque a opção que lista qualidades expostas no texto que foram colocadas em dúvida em relação
às empreendedoras.
a) Experiência, cautela, juventude e liderança.
b) Potencial para inovação, competência, assertividade e entusiasmo.
c) Entusiasmo, potencial de crescimento, confiabilidade e competitividade.
d) Assertividade, conhecimento de mercado, competência e determinação.
e) Conhecimento, credibilidade, experiência e confiabilidade.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
As qualidades colocadas em dúvida em relação às empreendedoras eram "credibility, trustworthiness,
experience, and knowledge" ("credibilidade, confiabilidade, experiência e conhecimento").
Questão 15
We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female
entrepreneurs
1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate
2 investment proposals, the language they use to
3 describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an
4 important but often hidden role in shaping who is
5 awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access
6 to government venture capital decision making
7 meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the
8 types of language that VCs used over a two-year
9 period. One major thing stuck out: The language
10 used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was
11 radically different. And these differences have very
12 real consequences for those seeking funding – and
13 for society in general.
14 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is
15 important for bridging significant financial gaps and
16 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take
17 risks where banks are not allowed to. When
18 uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product
19 and market potential, for example, the assessment of
20 the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central
21 in government VCs’ decision making.
22 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are
23 owned and run by women, although they are not
24 granted a corresponding proportion of government
25 funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive
26 much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned
27 companies.
28 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to
29 2010 we were invited to silently observe
30 governmental VC decision-making meetings and,
31 more important, the conversations they had about
32 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed
33 closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
34 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of
35 these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and
36 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group
37 of government venture capitalists observed included
38 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]
39 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers
40 rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women
41 as having qualities opposite to those considered
42 important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs
43 questioning their credibility, trustworthiness,
44 experience, and knowledge.
45 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
46 financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men
47 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male
48 entrepreneurs were commonly described as being
49 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced,
50 knowledgeable, and having established networks.
51 We developed male and female entrepreneur
52 personas based on our findings [...]. These personas
53 highlight a few key differences in how the
54 entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their
55 gender. Men were characterized as having
56 entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
57 potential for women was diminished. Many of the
58 young men and women were described as being
59 young, though youth for men was viewed as
60 promising, while young women were considered
61 inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
62 aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience
63 and excitement were tempered by discussions of their
64 emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was
65 viewed very differently depending on the gender of
66 the entrepreneur.
67 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have
68 played a role in who got funding and who didn’t.
69 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on
70 average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas
71 men received, on average, 52% of what they asked
72 for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
73 extent than men, with close to 53% of women having
74 their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of
75 men. [...]
76 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the
77 distribution of financing, but could also have other
78 major consequences. Because the purpose of 
79 government venture capital is to use tax money to
80 stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
81 whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money
82 isn’t being invested in businesses that have the
83 highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
84 women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
85 society as a whole.
Harvard Business Review. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 maio 2017.
Adaptado.
A expressão destacada na primeira coluna pode ser substituída pela expressão na segunda coluna em
todas as opções, exceto em
a) Although they are not
granted [...] (linhas 23 e 24) → even though
b) Aside from a few
exceptions, (linha 39) → apart from
c) Conversely, when assessingmale entrepreneurs, (linha 45) → likewise
d) Whereas men received, on
average, (linhas 70 e 71) → while
e) Because the purpose of
government venture capital
is [...] (linhas 78 e 79)
→ considering that
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
A única expressão que não pode ser substituída pela sugestão da segunda coluna é "Conversely", que
significa "ao contrário", uma vez que "likewise" significa "da mesma forma".
Questão 16
We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female
entrepreneurs
1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate
2 investment proposals, the language they use to
3 describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an
4 important but often hidden role in shaping who is
5 awarded funding and why. [...] We were given access
6 to government venture capital decision making
7 meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the
8 types of language that VCs used over a two-year
9 period. One major thing stuck out: The language
10 used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was
11 radically different. And these differences have very
12 real consequences for those seeking funding – and
13 for society in general.
14 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is
15 important for bridging significant financial gaps and
16 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take
17 risks where banks are not allowed to. When
18 uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product
19 and market potential, for example, the assessment of
20 the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central
21 in government VCs’ decision making.
22 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are
23 owned and run by women, although they are not
24 granted a corresponding proportion of government
25 funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive
26 much less – only 13%-18%, the rest going to maleowned
27 companies.
28 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to
29 2010 we were invited to silently observe
30 governmental VC decision-making meetings and,
31 more important, the conversations they had about
32 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed
33 closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final
34 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of
35 these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and
36 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group
37 of government venture capitalists observed included
38 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...]
39 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers
40 rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women
41 as having qualities opposite to those considered
42 important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs
43 questioning their credibility, trustworthiness,
44 experience, and knowledge.
45 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs,
46 financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men
47 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male
48 entrepreneurs were commonly described as being
49 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced,
50 knowledgeable, and having established networks.
51 We developed male and female entrepreneur
52 personas based on our findings [...]. These personas
53 highlight a few key differences in how the
54 entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their
55 gender. Men were characterized as having
56 entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial
57 potential for women was diminished. Many of the
58 young men and women were described as being
59 young, though youth for men was viewed as
60 promising, while young women were considered
61 inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as
62 aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience
63 and excitement were tempered by discussions of their
64 emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was
65 viewed very differently depending on the gender of
66 the entrepreneur.
67 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have
68 played a role in who got funding and who didn’t.
69 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on
70 average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas
71 men received, on average, 52% of what they asked
72 for. Women were also denied financing to a greater
73 extent than men, with close to 53% of women having
74 their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of
75 men. [...]
76 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the
77 distribution of financing, but could also have other
78 major consequences. Because the purpose of 
79 government venture capital is to use tax money to
80 stimulate growth and value creation for society as a
81 whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money
82 isn’t being invested in businesses that have the
83 highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for
84 women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for
85 society as a whole.
Harvard Business Review. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 maio 2017.
Adaptado.
Na sentença “Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the
entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished”, indique a expressão que pode substituir while
mantendo o significado e a correção gramatical.
a) yet
b) so long as
c) despite
d) but that
e) since
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A expressão que pode substituir "while" é "yet", pois ambas têm sentido de oposição, contraste.
Questão 17
We can change the world
All for one and one for all is what we all should be.
But instead we go and fight each other.
Now, that wasn't meant to be.
You know, the sun is there to light the day.
The night is lit by the moon.
If we don't come together, my brother, it all can end very soon.
It's your world now.
The future is plain to see.
Give love right now.
We need the harmony.
Some of us have a heart of stone and feel as cold as ice.
Love can make a change in you, take a wrong and make things right.
If you only knew how it was planned for life to really be,
You would join in, you won't hesitate, you would help bring the harmony
JACKSON, Michael. Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2013.
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
This is an excerpt of one of Michael Jackson's famous hits. It's correct to say that the author of the
lyrics of this song
( ) is against any kind of war.
( ) emphasizes the importance of solidarity.
( ) realizes it's worthless pursuing harmony.
( ) encourages people to make a better world.
According to the song, the correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
01) TTTT
02) FTTF
03) FFTT
04) TTFT
05) TFFT
Gabarito:
04
Resolução:
Pela leitura dos versos desta famosa canção de Michael Jackson, é possível afirmar que o autor da
letra é contra qualquer tipo de guerra, já que nas primeiras linhas temos a afirmação de que não
deveríamos lutar uns contra os outros; enfatiza a importância da solidariedade, afirmando que o lema
entre todos deveria ser "um por todos e todos por um"; incentiva as pessoas a fazer um mundo
melhor, posto que há verbos no modo injuntivo aconselhando as pessoas a doarem amor, a
transformar o mundo através dele.
Por outro lado, não há indícios no texto de que a busca pela harmonia seja inútil, pelo contrário: o que
temos, no geral, é uma mensagem a favor da harmonia entre as pessoas, evidente em versos como
"We need the harmony" ("Nós precisamos da harmonia").
Questão 18
We can change the world
All for one and one for all is what we all should be.
But instead we go and fight each other.
Now, that wasn't meant to be.
You know, the sun is there to light the day.
The night is lit by the moon.
If we don't come together, my brother, it all can end very soon.
It's your world now.
The future is plain to see.
Give love right now.
We need the harmony.
Some of us have a heart of stone and feel as cold as ice.
Love can make a change in you, take a wrong and make things right.
If you only knew how it was planned for life to really be,
You would join in, you won't hesitate, you would help bring the harmony
JACKSON, Michael.Disponível em: . Acesso em: 12 out. 2013.
According to the author of these lyrics, the only way to change this world is
01) through love and affection.
02) by disregarding the future.
03) through the use of weapons.
04) by staying away from the enemy.
05) by forbidding the rich to help the poor.
Gabarito:
01
Resolução:
De acordo com o autor destes versos musicados, a única maneira de mudar este mundo é através do
amor e do carinho, mensagem evidente em versos como "Give love right now" ("Dê amor agora
mesmo").
Questão 19
Whales are people, too
One of the most important features of science is that scientific progress regularly leads to important
ethical questions. This is particularly true with research about cetaceans — whales, dolphins and the
like — because it has become increasingly apparent that the inner life of these nonhumans is more
complex than most humans realize. We have learned that their capacity for suffering is significantly
greater than has been imagined — which makes much human behavior towards these nonhumans
ethically problematic.
There is now ample scientific evidence that capacities once thought to be unique to humans are
shared by these beings. Like humans, whales and dolphins are "persons". That is, they are self-aware
beings with individual personalities and a rich inner life. They have the ability to think abstractly, feel
deeply and choose their actions. Their lives are characterized by close, long-term relationships with
conspecifics in communities characterized by culture. In short, whales and dolphins are a "who", not a
"what".
However, as the saying goes, there is good news and there is bad news.
The good news is that the scientific community is gradually recognizing the importance of these
ethical issues. For example, more marine mammal scientists are steering away from doing research
on captive dolphins. More significantly, a small group of experts who met at the Helsinki Collegium for
Advanced Studies in the spring of 2010 to evaluate the ethical implications of the scientific research
on cetaceans concluded that the evidence merited issuing a Declaration of Rights for Cetaceans:
Whales and Dolphins. This group included such prominent scientists as Lori Marino and Hal
Whitehead. Particularly important in this declaration was the recognition that whales and dolphins are
persons who are "beyond use". Treating them as "property" is indefensible. 
Unfortunately, while there has been consistent progress in scientists' sensitivity to the ethical issues,
the same cannot be said for those who use cetaceans to generate revenue.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, é possível afirmar que
I. há certa desconfiança, por parte da comunidade científica, de que os cetáceos – baleias, golfinhos e
afins – possam ter uma personalidade própria, sejam capazes de sentir profundamente e ter uma vida
interior rica.
II. a ciência, à medida que avança, deixa para trás questões éticas de suma importância, e, no caso
das baleias e dos golfinhos, isso tem sido particularmente evidenciado devido à negligência de certos
pesquisadores.
III. há provas científicas de que baleias e golfinhos, entre outros dessa espécie, são seres dotados de
capacidades antes atribuídas exclusivamente aos seres humanos, como, por exemplo, pensar, fazer
escolhas e viver em comunidade.
IV. as pesquisas indicam que os cetáceos – baleias, golfinhos e outros – têm como característica
relacionamentos próximos e de longa duração com seres da mesma espécie, em comunidades
caracterizadas pela cultura.
V. um grupo de especialistas em mamíferos marinhos decidiu, com base em provas científicas, que
esses animais merecem uma Declaração de Direitos dos Cetáceos, na qual se reconhece que as
baleias e os golfinhos são "pessoas".
Estão corretas
a) I, II e IV.
b) III, IV e V.
c) I, IV e V.
d) I, II e V.
e) II, III e IV.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
I. Incorreta. Segundo o texto, não há apenas "desconfiança", mas já evidências no meio científico de
que os cetáceos – baleias, golfinhos e afins – possam ter uma personalidade própria, sejam capazes
de sentir profundamente e ter uma vida interior rica.
II. Incorreta. Já na primeira linha do texto, lemos que uma das características importantes da ciência é
que seu progresso tem sido acompanhado de uma crescente atenção voltada a questões éticas
relacionadas a suas descobertas.
III. Correta. Conforme o segundo parágrafo do texto, há provas científicas de que baleias e golfinhos,
entre outros cetáceos, são seres dotados de capacidades antes atribuídas exclusivamente aos seres
humanos, como pensar, fazer escolhas e viver em comunidade.
IV. Correta. Também no segundo parágrafo, é mencionado que os cetáceos têm como característica
relacionamentos próximos e de longa duração com seres da mesma espécie, em comunidades
caracterizadas pela cultura ("their lives are characterized by close, long-term relationships with
conspecifics in communities characterized by culture").
V. Correta. De acordo com o texto, um grupo de especilistas concluiu que seria adequado uma
Declaração dos Direitos dos Cetáceos ("a small group of experts who met at the Helsinki Collegium for
Advanced Studies in the spring of 2010 to evaluate the ethical implications of the scientific research
on cetaceans concluded that the evidence merited issuing a Declaration of Rights for Cetaceans").
Questão 20
Whales are people, too
One of the most important features of science is that scientific progress regularly leads to important
ethical questions. This is particularly true with research about cetaceans — whales, dolphins and the
like — because it has become increasingly apparent that the inner life of these nonhumans is more
complex than most humans realize. We have learned that their capacity for suffering is significantly
greater than has been imagined — which makes much human behavior towards these nonhumans
ethically problematic.
There is now ample scientific evidence that capacities once thought to be unique to humans are
shared by these beings. Like humans, whales and dolphins are "persons". That is, they are self-aware
beings with individual personalities and a rich inner life. They have the ability to think abstractly, feel
deeply and choose their actions. Their lives are characterized by close, long-term relationships with
conspecifics in communities characterized by culture. In short, whales and dolphins are a "who", not a
"what".
However, as the saying goes, there is good news and there is bad news.
The good news is that the scientific community is gradually recognizing the importance of these
ethical issues. For example, more marine mammal scientists are steering away from doing research
on captive dolphins. More significantly, a small group of experts who met at the Helsinki Collegium for
Advanced Studies in the spring of 2010 to evaluate the ethical implications of the scientific research
on cetaceans concluded that the evidence merited issuing a Declaration of Rights for Cetaceans:
Whales and Dolphins. This group included such prominent scientists as Lori Marino and Hal
Whitehead. Particularly important in this declaration was the recognition that whales and dolphins are
persons who are "beyond use". Treating them as "property" is indefensible. 
Unfortunately, while there has been consistent progress in scientists' sensitivity to the ethical issues,
the same cannot be said for those who use cetaceans to generate revenue.
Disponível em: . Adaptado.
Do último parágrafo, conclui-se que
a) infelizmente, enquanto houve progressos por parte dos cientistas, que se mostraram sensíveis à
questão ética dos cetáceos, o mesmo não pode ser dito em relação àqueles que usam esses animais
para gerar receita.
b) lamentavelmente, embora tenha havido um grande avanço na questão ética, esses
animais marinhos ainda estão longe de serem considerados