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Prévia do material em texto

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Questão 1
As everybody knows, if you do not work out, your muscles get flaccid. What most people don’t realize,
however, is that your brain also stays in better shape when you exercise.
Surprised? Although the idea of exercising cognitive machinery by performing mentally demanding
activities – popularly termed the “use it or lose it” hypothesis – is better known, a review of dozens of
studies shows that maintaining a mental edge requires more than that. Other things you do –
including participating in activities that make you think, getting regular exercise, staying socially
engaged and even having a positive attitude – have a meaningful influence on how effective your
cognitive functioning will be in old age.
Disponível em: . Acesso em: 6 jul. 2009. (Adaptado.)
Segundo o texto, o bom funcionamento de nosso cérebro na velhice depende, entre outros fatores,
a) das perdas e ganhos que vivenciamos ao longo da vida.
b) da herança genética que trazemos conosco.
c) das modalidades de exercícios físicos que realizamos.
d) da complexidade de exercícios intelectuais a que somos expostos.
e) de nosso engajamento em atividades intelectuais e sociais.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
Pela leitura do texto, o bom funcionamento de nosso cérebro na velhice depende de uma série de
fatores, entre os quais figuram a participação em atividades que exigem raciocínio (primordialmente
intelectuais), manter-se socialmente engajado e ter uma atitude positiva (primordialmente sociais).
Questão 2
As everybody knows, if you do not work out, your muscles get flaccid. What most people don’t realize,
however, is that your brain also stays in better shape when you exercise.
Surprised? Although the idea of exercising cognitive machinery by performing mentally demanding
activities – popularly termed the “use it or lose it” hypothesis – is better known, a review of dozens of
studies shows that maintaining a mental edge requires more than that. Other things you do –
including participating in activities that make you think, getting regular exercise, staying socially
engaged and even having a positive attitude – have a meaningful influence on how effective your
cognitive functioning will be in old age.
Disponível em: . Acesso em: 6 jul. 2009. (Adaptado.)
O texto informa que:
a) exercícios físicos são benéficos para o corpo e para a saúde mental.
b) as pessoas não se dão conta da importância de músculos fortes.
c) o cérebro é muito pouco exercitado por pessoas que não trabalham.
d) todo mundo deveria exercitar-se diariamente.
e) grande parte das pessoas preocupa-se apenas com a aparência física.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
O texto começa relembrando o leitor da importância reconhecida que os exercícios têm para manter
fortes os músculos do corpo. Além disso, como se afirma no segundo parágrafo, existe uma série de
atividades que apresentam relevante influência na manutenção do funcionamento cognitivo efetivo
ao longo da vida. Uma destas atividades seria a prática regular de exercícios ("Other things you do –
including participating in activities that make you think, getting regular exercise, staying socially
engaged and even having a positive attitude – have a meaningful influence on how effective your
cognitive functioning will be in old age"). Ou seja, a prática de exercícios físicos é benéfica tanto para
o corpo quanto para a saúde mental.
Questão 3
At the dinner table, as they all ate, Ragle Gumm sat deep in thought. Across from him, Sammy
yammered on about his club and its powerful machinery of war. He did not listen.
Words, he tought.
Central problem in philosophy. Relation of word to object... what is a word? Arbitrary sign. But we live
in words. Our reality, among words, not things. No such thing as thing anyhow [...] An iIIusion. Word is
more real than the object it represents.
DICK, Philip K. Time Out of Joint. New York: Vintage Books, 2002. p.60. 
 
According to the text, it is CORRECT to say that Ragle Gumm:
(A) Hates what Sammy is saying. 
(B) Is interested In what Sammy is saying. 
(C) Doesn't understand what Sammy is saying. 
(D) Can't hear what Sammy is saying. 
(E) Doesn't cara what Sammy is saying.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
Como lemos no texto, Ragle Gumm, sentado à mesa do jantar, entrega-se a pensamentos filosóficos
enquanto Sammy reclama sobre seu clube e sobre maquinário de guerra, questões com as quais
Gumm parece não se preocupar, enquanto o texto segue com a descrição de seus pensamentos
filosóficos.
Questão 4
As soon as we ______ to the new house, we ______ invite our friends to come over.
 
A) moved; will
B) have moved; will 
C) move; won’t 
D) will move; will
E) would move; will
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
É preciso fazer uso do present perfect ("As soon as we have moved to the new house") por se tratar
de um evento a ser realizado em tempo indefinido, e o futuro com will ("we will invite our friends to
come over"), pois a sequência expressa certeza de ação que será executada.
Questão 5
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication, which consists of body posture, gestures,
facial expressions, and eye movements. Which picture shows a typical expression of a dreamer who is
waiting for a soul mate that will certainly appear at some point?
Disponível em:. Acesso
em 15 set. 2010.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
A alternativa correta é a (A). A questão trata de comunicação não verbal, linguagem corporal, e pede
que o aluno distinga, entre as imagens/faces dispostas em cada alternativa, aquela que mostra "uma
típica expressão de um sonhador que está esperando por uma alma gêmea, que certamente
aparecerá em algum momento". Acessando seu conhecimento de mundo, sua bagagem cultural, o
candidato deveria reconhecer que a expressão em (A) seria a mais típica, pelo olhar distante, pela
posição das mãos como que direcionando a cabeça para o céu ou horizonte, clichês culturais que
tipicamente retratam o estereótipo do "romântico sonhador".
As outras alternativas não permitiam a mesma identificação e deveriam ser descartadas.
Questão 6
BABY TALK
 
 
 
 
05
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
 
35
What similarities are there between the way that infants acquire their first language
and the way that adults acquire a second or foreign language? [...]
To give an adequate answer, we should start by considering some characteristics
of our adult minds and the minds of infants. First, what do we have in common? We all
have ears and auditory memory and we are all able to imitate sounds. We make
connections in our brains between words and the persons, things, situations and actions
around us. Subconsciously, we find and develop a theoretical map of the structure of
the language.
But a little more thought reveals that the situation of a baby is quite different
from ours as adults. First of all, for a baby, the parents are the principal language
teachers, while older children and adults can learn a language by themselves, or from
any other teacher. You will not learn English from another adult as you learned your
language as a baby because your teacher is not your mother, and you are not a baby
anymore. Babies are learning about the whole world around them at the same time
they are absorbing language, while older children and adults can take advantage of
their rational minds and many diverse situations and experiences during the process
of learning a language. Babies do not have another mother tongue in their minds that
can interfere with the language being studied. What’s more, babies talk about a different
set of experiences, which is a very limited set of things. It usually takes two years or
more before a baby starts making sense.
Babies hear language for more than a year before forming their first words, and
their ability to enunciate words grows very gradually. But adults can start speaking in
a matter of days under the right circumstances.What’s more, in adults there are many
variables, such as motivation, attitude about the language and its culture, which are
not present in babies. There are even many differences in our abilities as we grow up:
younger children, older children and adults of all ages experience many different levels
of ability and accomplishment.
Students often feel frustrated with English lessons and teaching materials that
seem to take all the fun out of learning the language, which should be a perfectly
natural and pleasant process. Natural language learning in adults is one thing, but it is
absurd to make the leap to saying that it is anything like the way babies learn their first
language. With all the differences between the mental processes of learning a first
and a second language, you should be wary of teachers and books that promise you
will learn as easily as a baby, because, even if it were true, that could actually complicate
the process for you!
DIMATTEO, Christopher. Baby talk. Speak up, São Paulo: Peixes, ano XV, n. 188, p. 39, s/d. Adaptado. 
Summarize what the author says about 
• the role of the mother tongue in the process of language learning; 
• babies’ ability to enunciate words in comparison with adults’ ability when learning a second
language; 
• the idea of adults learning a second language the same way babies learn their first language.
Gabarito:
(Resolução oficial)
Resuma o que o autor diz sobre 
• o papel da língua-mãe no processo de aprendizagem do idioma;
Ao contrário do que acontece com os adultos, quando estão aprendendo uma segunda língua, os
bebês não têm uma outra em suas mentes, que possa interferir com aquela que está aprendendo. 
• a habilidade dos bebês para enunciar as palavras comparada à habilidade dos adultos quando estão
aprendendo uma segunda língua; 
Os bebês ouvem a língua por mais de um ano antes de formar seu próprio vocabulário, e sua
habilidade de enunciar as palavras cresce gradualmente. Já os adultos podem começar a falar numa
questão de dias, em circunstâncias favoráveis. 
• a ideia de os adultos aprenderem uma segunda língua da mesma forma que os bebês aprendem
sua primeira língua; 
Aprender um idioma de maneira natural é uma coisa, mas é totalmente absurdo dizer que é algo
parecido com o modo como os bebês aprendem sua primeira língua. Tendo em vista todas as
diferenças entre os processos mentais que envolvem o aprendizado de uma primeira e uma segunda
língua, deve-se tomar cuidado com professores e livros que prometem que a pessoa aprenderá uma
segunda língua tão facilmente quanto um bebê.
Questão 7
BABY TALK
 
 
 
 
05
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
 
35
What similarities are there between the way that infants acquire their first language
and the way that adults acquire a second or foreign language? [...]
To give an adequate answer, we should start by considering some characteristics
of our adult minds and the minds of infants. First, what do we have in common? We all
have ears and auditory memory and we are all able to imitate sounds. We make
connections in our brains between words and the persons, things, situations and actions
around us. Subconsciously, we find and develop a theoretical map of the structure of
the language.
But a little more thought reveals that the situation of a baby is quite different
from ours as adults. First of all, for a baby, the parents are the principal language
teachers, while older children and adults can learn a language by themselves, or from
any other teacher. You will not learn English from another adult as you learned your
language as a baby because your teacher is not your mother, and you are not a baby
anymore. Babies are learning about the whole world around them at the same time
they are absorbing language, while older children and adults can take advantage of
their rational minds and many diverse situations and experiences during the process
of learning a language. Babies do not have another mother tongue in their minds that
can interfere with the language being studied. What’s more, babies talk about a different
set of experiences, which is a very limited set of things. It usually takes two years or
more before a baby starts making sense.
Babies hear language for more than a year before forming their first words, and
their ability to enunciate words grows very gradually. But adults can start speaking in
a matter of days under the right circumstances. What’s more, in adults there are many
variables, such as motivation, attitude about the language and its culture, which are
not present in babies. There are even many differences in our abilities as we grow up:
younger children, older children and adults of all ages experience many different levels
of ability and accomplishment.
Students often feel frustrated with English lessons and teaching materials that
seem to take all the fun out of learning the language, which should be a perfectly
natural and pleasant process. Natural language learning in adults is one thing, but it is
absurd to make the leap to saying that it is anything like the way babies learn their first
language. With all the differences between the mental processes of learning a first
and a second language, you should be wary of teachers and books that promise you
will learn as easily as a baby, because, even if it were true, that could actually complicate
the process for you!
DIMATTEO, Christopher. Baby talk. Speak up, São Paulo: Peixes, ano XV, n. 188, p. 39, s/d. Adaptado. 
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions below. Make all the necessary changes. 
• “We […] have ears and auditory memory and we are […] able to imitate sounds. (l. 4-5) 
Make this sentence negative. 
• “It usually takes two years or more before a baby starts making sense.” (l. 19-20)
Ask a question so that the boldfaced phrase is the answer. 
• “There are even many differences in our abilities as we grow up: [...]” (l. 25)
Change the verb forms into the Simple Past Tense. 
• “you will learn as easily as a baby [...]” (l. 33-4)
Rewrite this sentence in the comparative degree of superiority.
Gabarito:
(Resolução oficial)
• We do not / don’t have ears and auditory memory and we are not / aren't able to imitate
sounds. 
• How long does it (usually) take before a baby starts making sense? / How many years does it
(usually) take before a baby starts making sense? 
• There were even many differences in our abilities as we grew up. 
• You will learn more easily than a baby.
Questão 8
BABY TALK
 
 
 
 
05
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
 
35
What similarities are there between the way that infants acquire their first language
and the way that adults acquire a second or foreign language? [...]
To give an adequate answer, we should start by considering some characteristics
of our adult minds and the minds of infants. First, what do we have in common? We all
have ears and auditory memory and we are all able to imitate sounds. We make
connections in our brains between words and the persons, things, situations and actions
around us. Subconsciously, we find and develop a theoretical map of the structure of
the language.
But a little more thought reveals that the situation of a baby is quite different
from ours as adults. First of all, for a baby, the parents are the principal language
teachers, while older children and adults can learn a language by themselves, or from
any other teacher. You will not learn English from another adult as you learned your
language as a baby because your teacher is not your mother, and you are not a baby
anymore. Babies are learning about the whole world around them at the same time
they are absorbing language, while older children and adults can take advantage of
their rational minds and many diverse situations and experiences during the process
of learning a language. Babies do not have another mother tongue in their minds that
can interfere with the language being studied. What’s more, babiestalk about a different
set of experiences, which is a very limited set of things. It usually takes two years or
more before a baby starts making sense.
Babies hear language for more than a year before forming their first words, and
their ability to enunciate words grows very gradually. But adults can start speaking in
a matter of days under the right circumstances. What’s more, in adults there are many
variables, such as motivation, attitude about the language and its culture, which are
not present in babies. There are even many differences in our abilities as we grow up:
younger children, older children and adults of all ages experience many different levels
of ability and accomplishment.
Students often feel frustrated with English lessons and teaching materials that
seem to take all the fun out of learning the language, which should be a perfectly
natural and pleasant process. Natural language learning in adults is one thing, but it is
absurd to make the leap to saying that it is anything like the way babies learn their first
language. With all the differences between the mental processes of learning a first
and a second language, you should be wary of teachers and books that promise you
will learn as easily as a baby, because, even if it were true, that could actually complicate
the process for you!
DIMATTEO, Christopher. Baby talk. Speak up, São Paulo: Peixes, ano XV, n. 188, p. 39, s/d. Adaptado. 
Analyze the uses of “that” in these sentences and indicate their grammatical functions. 
a) “But a little more thought reveals that the situation of a baby is quite different […]” (l. 9) 
b) “Students often feel frustrated with English lessons and teaching materials that seem to take all
the fun out of learning the language […]” (l. 28-9)
Gabarito:
(Resolução oficial)
a) Conjunção (integrante).
b) Pronome relativo.
Questão 9
Below you will find fragments of a text about how to fight stereotypes in the media.
 
NUMBER the sentences in such a way that you reconstruct the original text.
 
(The first one is done for you as an example.)
 
( ) A way to implement this questioning is to introduce your child to story characters and to real
people who take part in all kinds of activities.
 
( ) Also seek out stories that show a wide range of body types, personal traits and talents.
 
( 1 ) TV, movies, videogames and the Internet often show people in an overly simple way, giving an
inaccurate idea of what they are allowed to say and do and how important or unimportant they are.
 
( ) Ideally, by being in contact with the complexity of reality, your child will come to realize that
images on TV or in the movies are not true.
 
( 5 ) In order to help her do it, encourage her to question limiting views of people and cultures by
looking for more information.
 
( ) Ask librarians, media specialists, friends and family to recommend books, TV shows, video and
software programs that feature a variety of cultures or present men and women in nontraditional
roles.
 
( ) Some common stereotypes on the media show women as desperate or weak and certain ethnic
groups as lazy or scheming.
 
( 3 ) It is important to challenge your child to question what she sees or hears, so she develops an eye
for sexism, racism and other prejudices in the mainstream media portrayals.
 
http://www.pbs.org/parents/childrenandmedia/about.html.
 Access: 28th September, 2007 (Adapted).
Gabarito:
( 4 )
( 7 )
( 1 )
( 8 )
( 5 )
( 6 )
( 2 )
( 3 )
Questão 10
Between now and 2050 the number of people living in cities will grow from 3.9 billion to 6.3 billion.
The proportion of urban dwellers will swell from 54% to 67% of the world’s population, according to
the UN. In other words, for the next 36 years the world's cities will expand by the equivalent of six São
Paulos every year. This growth will largely occur in developing countries. But most governments there
are ignoring the problem, says William Cobbett of the Cities Alliance, an NGO that supports initiatives
such as the one launched by New York University to help cities make longterm preparations for their
growth. “Whether we want it or not, urbanisation is inevitable,” say specialists. “The real question is:
how can we improve its quality?”
The Economist, June 21st 2014. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto,
a) a população rural crescerá na mesma proporção que a população urbana nos próximos 20 anos.
b) a população, nas cidades, chegará a mais de 6 bilhões de pessoas até 2050.
c) a expansão de cidades como São Paulo é um exemplo do crescimento global.
d) a cidade de São Paulo cresceu seis vezes mais, na última década, do que o previsto
por especialistas.
e) o crescimento maior da população em centros urbanos ocorrerá em países desenvolvidos.
Gabarito:
B
Resolução:
Conforme confirmamos já no primeiro parágrafo do texto: "Between now and 2050 the number of
people living in cities will grow from 3.9 billion to 6.3 billion" ("Entre agora e o ano de 2050, o número
de pessoas que vivem em cidades vai crescer de 3,9 bilhões a 6,3 bilhões").
Questão 11
Between now and 2050 the number of people living in cities will grow from 3.9 billion to 6.3 billion.
The proportion of urban dwellers will swell from 54% to 67% of the world’s population, according to
the UN. In other words, for the next 36 years the world’s cities will expand by the equivalent of six
São Paulos every year. This growth will largely occur in developing countries. But most governments
there are ignoring the problem, says William Cobbett of the Cities Alliance, an NGO that supports
initiatives such as the one launched by New York University to help cities make longterm preparations
for their growth. “Whether we want it or not, urbanisation is inevitable,” say specialists. “The real
question is: how can we improve its quality?”
The Economist, June 21st 2014. Adaptado.
Segundo William Cobbett,
a) várias ONGs estão trabalhando para minimizar os problemas enfrentados nas cidades.
b) as maiores migrações para as cidades tiveram início há 36 anos.
c) a maioria dos governantes de países em desenvolvimento não está dando atenção à
explosão demográfica nas cidades.
d) uma cidade como São Paulo será pequena se comparada a outras no ano de 2050.
e) os países em desenvolvimento estão lidando melhor com a questão do êxodo rural do que os
países desenvolvidos.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
Como lemos no texto: "This growth will largely occur in developing countries. But most governments
there are ignoring the problem" ("Este crescimento ocorrerá, em grande parte, em países em
desenvolvimento. Mas a maioria destes governos está ignorando o problema").
Questão 12
Awareness campaigns may help some people get useful support and treatment, but they might also
prompt healthy people to start taking drugs they do not need. “Drug company sponsorship doesn’t
mean the information is bogus – but it does raise a red flag because companies do stand to benefit
from increasing diagnoses, which leads to more treatment,” says Steve Woloshin, a researcher at the
Dartmouth College Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice. It can be difficult for consumers to
know if a condition they are hearing about is part of a drug company awareness campaign – TV ads
and Web sites do not always disclose company sponsorship – but consumers can look out for phrases
such as “the disease your doctor has never heard of,” which can be red flags. Most important, before
starting a new treatment, is to always talk to your doctor about risksand benefits. “The key questions
to ask about treatment are ‘What is likely to happen to me if I am not treated? What is likely to
happen to me if I am – including side effects?’” Woloshin says.
Scientific American Mind, September/October 2015.
Baseando-se no texto e redigindo em português, atenda ao que se pede.
a) Aponte uma vantagem e uma desvantagem presentes em campanhas de conscientização sobre
problemas de saúde, veiculadas pelos meios de comunicação.
b) Quais são os dois questionamentos a serem feitosao médico antes do início de qualquer
tratamento?
Gabarito:
a) Como lemos no primeiro parágrafo do texto, uma vantagem presente nas campanhas de
conscientização sobre problemas de saúde, veiculadas pelos meios de comunicação, é que elas
podem ajudar algumas pessoas a obterem apoio e tratamento úteis. Ao mesmo tempo, tais
campanhas apresentam a desvantagem de poderem levar pessoas saudáveis a começar a usar
drogas/medicamentos dos quais estas não necessitam.
b) De acordo com o texto os dois questionamentos a serem feitos ao médico antes do início de
qualquer tratamento são: “O que provavelmente me acontecerá se eu não receber
tratamento?”("What is likely to happen to me if I am not treated?") e “O que provavelmente me
acontecerá se eu receber tratamento – incluindo efeitos colaterais?” ("What is likely to happen to me
if I am – including side effects?").
Resolução:
 
Questão 13
Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping
entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that
the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries – including outright
abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient. “Because the speech of most voice
assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager?toplease helpers,
available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.
“The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours
commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this
reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”
The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri
assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the
feedback.” The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and
have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet
verbal abuse with catch?me?if?you?can flirtation”. Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender
equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI
technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.” 
The Guardian. May, 2019. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, o título do relatório publicado pela Unesco “I´d Blush if I Could” , no que diz
respeito aos assistentes digitais, indica
(A) resposta padrão para comandos que incluem impropérios.
(B) capacidade tecnológica para selecionar temas sensíveis ao grande público.
(C) preocupação dos fabricantes de dispositivos eletrônicos com usuários conservadores.
(D) perda de controle das formas de interação entre seres humanos e máquinas.
(E) necessidade de elaboração de sistemas integrados de reconhecimento de voz.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
Segundo o texto, o título do relatório publicado pela Unesco, "I'd blush if I could" ("Eu coraria, se
pudesse"), no que diz respeito aos assistentes digitais, indica resposta padrão para comandos que
incluem impropérios, como "You're a slut" ("Você é uma puta"). Outro exemplo dado no trecho é o da
resposta que daria ao mesmo impropério a assistente Alexa: "Well, thanks for the feedback" ("Bem,
obrigada pelo feedback"). 
Questão 14
Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa is helping
entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that
the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries – including outright
abusive ones – reinforce ideas of women as subservient. “Because the speech of most voice
assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager?toplease helpers,
available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like ‘hey’ or ‘OK’”, the report said.
“The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours
commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this
reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment.”
The Unesco publication was entitled “I’d Blush if I Could”; a reference to the response Apple’s Siri
assistant offers to the phrase: “You’re a slut.” Amazon’s Alexa will respond: “Well, thanks for the
feedback.” The paper said such firms were “staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams” and
have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that “cause their feminised digital assistants to greet
verbal abuse with catch?me?if?you?can flirtation”. Saniye Gülser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender
equality, said: “The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI
technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them.” 
The Guardian. May, 2019. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, na opinião de Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligência
Artificial, entre outros aspectos,
(A) são desenvolvidas segundo normas prescritas em convenções internacionais.
(B) devem ser monitoradas por empresas multinacionais geridas por mulheres.
(C) funcionam melhor quando associadas a dispositivos sincronizados em escala mundial.
(D) dependem de atualização constante para garantia de desempenho satisfatório.
(E) requerem avaliação ampla, quanto à possível presença de elementos tendenciosos em sua
concepção.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
De acordo com o texto, na opinião de Saniye Gülser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligência
Artificial, entre outros aspectos, requerem avaliação ampla, quanto à possível presença de elementos
tendenciosos em sua concepção. A afirmação pode ser comprovada pela leitura do trecho "Saniye
Gu?lser Corat, Unesco’s director for gender equality, said: ‘The world needs to pay much closer
attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering
them". 
Questão 15
As astronomers gaze into the depths of space, they do so with unease: They don’t know precisely
what the universe is made of.
Surprisingly, no one knows the stars’ exact chemical composition: how many carbon, nitrogen and
oxygen atoms they have relative to hydrogen, the most common element.
These numbers are crucial, because they affect how stars live and die, what types of planets form and
even how readily life might arise on other worlds.
Twenty years ago, astronomers expressed confidence in the numbers they had been working with.
Now, not so much. The problem lies not in the far corners of the cosmos, but much closer to home.
Astonishingly, scientists don't know exactly what the sun is made of. As a result, they don't know
what the other stars are made of, either.
“The sun is a fundamental yardstick,” says Martin Asplund, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck
Institute for Astrophysics, in Germany. “When we 20 determine the abundance of a certain element in
a star or a galaxy or a gas cloud anywhere in the universe, we use the sun as a reference point.”
The sun’s location in the Milky Way also makes it a good representative of the entire galaxy. Most
stars 25 reside in giant galaxies like the Milky Way, which makes the sun a touchstone for the entire
cosmos.
For nearly a century, astronomers have judged stars normal or not by seeing whether their chemical
compositions match the sun’s. Most stars near us do; some don’t.
Scientific American. 1 July 2020. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, conhecer a composição de elementos químicos que constituem as estrelas é
fundamental, pois ela, entre outros aspectos,
 
a) fornece evidências da ligação entre as idades das estrelas.
b) sugere a existência de planetas rochosos formados por elementos pesados.
c) influencia na possibilidade de presença de vida em outros locais do universo.
d) determina condições cosmológicas da evolução de aglomerados estelares.e) possibilita a síntese de moléculas em nuvens de gás e poeira cósmica.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
Segundo o texto, conhecer a composição de elementos químicos que constituem as estrelas é
fundamental, pois elas, entre outros aspectos, influenciam na possibilidade de presença de vida em
outros locais do universo, conforme comprova o trecho "These numbers are crucial, because they
affect how stars live and die, what types of planets form and even how readily life might arise on
other worlds".
Questão 16
As astronomers gaze into the depths of space, they do so with unease: They don’t know precisely
what the universe is made of.
Surprisingly, no one knows the stars’ exact chemical composition: how many carbon, nitrogen and
oxygen atoms they have relative to hydrogen, the most common element.
These numbers are crucial, because they affect how stars live and die, what types of planets form and
even how readily life might arise on other worlds.
Twenty years ago, astronomers expressed confidence in the numbers they had been working with.
Now, not so much. The problem lies not in the far corners of the cosmos, but much closer to home.
Astonishingly, scientists don't know exactly what the sun is made of. As a result, they don't know
what the other stars are made of, either.
“The sun is a fundamental yardstick,” says Martin Asplund, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck
Institute for Astrophysics, in Germany. “When we 20 determine the abundance of a certain element in
a star or a galaxy or a gas cloud anywhere in the universe, we use the sun as a reference point.”
The sun’s location in the Milky Way also makes it a good representative of the entire galaxy. Most
stars 25 reside in giant galaxies like the Milky Way, which makes the sun a touchstone for the entire
cosmos.
For nearly a century, astronomers have judged stars normal or not by seeing whether their chemical
compositions match the sun’s. Most stars near us do; some don’t.
Scientific American. 1 July 2020. Adaptado.
No texto, o astrofísico Martin Asplund emprega a frase “The sun is a fundamental yardstick”, por
considerar o Sol
 
a) um mistério.
b) uma estrutura.
c) um processo.
d) um sistema.
e) um parâmetro.
Gabarito:
E
Resolução:
No texto, o astrofísico Martin Asplund emprega a frase “The sun is a fundamental yardstick” por
considerar o Sol um parâmetro ("yardstick"), conforme identificamos no trecho "'The sun is a
fundamental yardstick' says Martin Asplund, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for
Astrophysics, in Germany".
Questão 17
Before the Rio+20 Summit, an internet forum was opened for contributions from anyone interested.
Read the instructions below to write a contribution about making a better tomorrow.
Make your recommendations and seize the opportunity to have your voice heard by millions of
people.
• What advice would you give people concerning individual participation for a better tomorrow?
• If every person you know could take one small step toward being greener, which step would it be?
To write your piece of advice (120-160 words), follow these instructions:
• Make the statement of the problem (e.g. a cleaner environment, energy saving, conscious
consumption, better traffic, water saving) and briefly describe it.
• Offer a solution for the problem.
• Justify why your proposal is important.
Gabarito:
People concerning individual participation for a better tomorrow should urgently pay attention to
water saving, once the natural sources for this vital element are increasingly scarce. One solution is to
keep attention to water waste in everyday house chores. People should then have short showers, use
less soap when doing the dishes or doing the laundry, or even when shaving. It may sound that saving
water individually doesn’t make the difference, but since we are now more than 7 billion people in the
earth, every little drop saved become a huge economy and a real care with the world.
Resolução:
 
Questão 18
As countries' human life expectancy grows, so do their numbers of endangered species, according to
a new study by University of California, Davis researchers.
The researchers examined social, economic and ecological information for 100 countries to determine
which factors are most strongly linked to endangered birds and mammals. Human life expectancy is
rarely included in such studies but turned out to be the best predictor of endangerment in these
countries, according to the study published in Ecology and Society.
"Increased life expectancy means that people live longer and affect the planet longer; each year is
another year of carbon footprint, ecological footprint, use of natural resources, etc. The magnitude of
this impact is increased as more people live longer," the authors wrote.
Disponível em: . Acesso em: 17 dez. 2013.
Segundo o estudo feito pela Universidade da Califórnia, ameaças a espécies da vida animal crescem
na medida em que aumenta o(a)
a) economia dos países.
b) produção de carbono.
c) longevidade do homem.
d) população de aves e mamíferos.
e) desequilíbrio ecológico do planeta. 
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
Segundo o estudo feito pela Universidade da Califórnia, divulgado no artigo em foco, ameaças a
espécies da vida animal crescem na medida em que aumenta a longevidade do ser humano. A maior
expectativa de vida para homens e mulheres implica, como lemos, em um impacto prolongado sobre
o planeta, pois cada ano a mais é um ano extra de pegada de carbono, pegada ecológica etc.
Questão 19
BRASÍLIA – Brazil's highest court has long viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality. Justices
call one another "Your Excellency," dress in billowing robes and wrap each utterance in
grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era when marquises and dukes held sway from their
vast plantations.
In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned another justice about whether he would even be on the
court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a former president impeached in 1992. With another
justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief justice considered his condescending tone,
telling him he was not his "capanga," a term describing a hired thug.
In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice, took
on the entire legal system of Brazil – where it is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend time
in prison, even after being convicted of crimes – contending that the mentality of judges was
"conservative, pro-status quo and pro-impunity."
"I have a temperament that doesn't adapt well to politics," Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent interview
in his quarters here in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by the architect
Oscar Niemeyer. "It's because I speak my mind so much."
His acknowledged lack of tact notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a series of socially
liberal and establishment-shaking rulings, turning Brazil's highest court – and him in particular – into a
newfound political power and the subject of popular fascination.
The court's recent rulings include a unanimous decision upholding the University of Brasília's
admissions policies aimed at increasing the number of black and indigenous students, opening the
way for one of the Western Hemisphere's most sweeping affirmative action laws for higher education.
In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway as chief justice and president of the panel overseeing
Brazil's judiciary to effectively legalize same-sex marriage across the country. And in an
anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in the
governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast vote-buying scheme.
Ascending to Brazil's high court, much less pushing the institution to assert its independence, long
seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished
city in Minas Gerais State,where his father worked as a bricklayer.
But his prominence – not just on the court, but in the streets as well – is so well established that
masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur musicians have composed songs about his
handling of the corruption trial and posted them on YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge
street protests that shook the nation this year told pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top
choices for president in next year’s elections.
While the protests have subsided since their height in June, the political tumult they set off persists.
The race for president, once considered a shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now up in the
air, with Mr. Barbosa – who is now so much in the public eye that gossip columnists are following his
romance with a woman in her 20's – repeatedly saying he will not run. "I'm not a candidate for
anything," he says.
But the same public glare that has turned him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While he has
won widespread admiration for his guidance of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every other
prominent political figure in Brazil, has recently come under scrutiny. And for someone accustomed to
criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil's legal system, the
revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on the defensive.
One report in the Brazilian news media described how he received about $180,000 in payments for
untaken leaves of absence during his 19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments are common in
some areas of Brazil’s large public bureaucracy.) Another noted that he bought an apartment in Miami
through a limited liability company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on the property. In
statements, Mr. Barbosa contends that he has done nothing wrong.
In a country where a majority of people now define themselves as black or of mixed race – but where
blacks remain remarkably rare in the highest echelons of political institutions and corporations – Mr.
Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt manner have elicited both widespread admiration and a fair amount
of resistance.
As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a courtroom.
Against the odds, he got into the University of Brasília, the only black student in its law program at
the time. Wanting to see the world, he later won admission into Brazil's diplomatic service, which
promptly sent him to Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the Baltic Sea.
Sensing that he would not advance much in the diplomatic service, which he has called "one of the
most discriminatory institutions of Brazil," Mr. Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor. He
alternated between legal investigations in Brazil and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English,
French and German, and earning a doctorate in law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris.
Fascinated by the legal systems of other countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative action in
the United States. He still voices his admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the first black
Supreme Court justice in the United States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years embodied the
court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil's high court toward
socially liberal rulings.
Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into Brazil's public imagination as much as his handling of the
trial of political operatives, legislators and bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption scandal
called the "mensalão", or big monthly allowance, after the regular payments made to lawmakers in
exchange for their votes.
Last November, at Mr. Barbosa's urging, the high court sentenced some of the most powerful figures
in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in the scheme, including bribery and
unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political system in which impunity for politicians has been the norm.
Now the "mensalão" trial is entering what could be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times been
visibly exasperated that defendants who have already been found guilty and sentenced have
managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed with other justices over their consideration of a rare
legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at the high court are examined.
Losing his patience with one prominent justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve some
defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa publicly accused him this month of "chicanery" by using
legalese to prop up certain positions. An outcry ensued among some who could not stomach Mr.
Barbosa's talking to a fellow justice like that. "Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?" asked
Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was
qualified to preside over the court. "What powers does he think he has just because he's sitting in the
chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Tribunal?"
Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the interview, he said some tension was necessary for the court to
function properly. "It was always like this," he said, contending that arguments are now just easier
to see because the court's proceedings are televised.
Linking the court's work to the recent wave of protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed with
the violence of some demonstrators, but he also said he believed that the street movements were "a
sign of democracy's exuberance."
"People don't want to passively stand by and observe these arrangements of the elite, which were
always the Brazilian tradition," he said.
Available at: .
According to the text, Mr. Barbosa's eminence could truly be seen when
a) his face appeared in Carnival masks.
b) he was interviewed by CNN International.
c) he appeared in the middle of street protests in Brasília.
d) the media spread his affair with a young woman.
Gabarito:
A
Resolução:
De acordo com o texto, a importância de Barbosa – não só na corte, mas nas ruas também – é
tamanha que máscaras com seu rosto foram vendidas no Carnaval, músicas foram compostas sobre
sua participação no julgamento de corrupção no governo brasileiro, e manifestantes, durante os
grandes protestos de 2013, disseram aos pesquisadores que Barbosa estaria entre suas principais
opções para presidente nas eleições do ano seguinte ("But his prominence – not just on the court, but
in the streets as well – is so well established that masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur
musicians have composed songs about his handling of the corruption trial and posted them on
YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street protests that shook the nation this year told
pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top choices for president in next year’s elections").
Questão 20
BRASÍLIA – Brazil's highest court has long viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality. Justices
call one another "Your Excellency," dress in billowing robes and wrap each utterance in
grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era when marquises and dukes held sway from their
vast plantations.
In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned another justice about whether he would even be on the
court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a former president impeached in 1992. With another
justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief justice considered his condescending tone,
telling him he was not his "capanga," a term describing a hired thug.
In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice, took
on the entire legal system of Brazil – where it is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend time
in prison, even after being convicted of crimes – contending that the mentality of judges was
"conservative, pro-status quo and pro-impunity."
"I have a temperament that doesn't adapt well to politics," Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent interviewin his quarters here in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by the architect
Oscar Niemeyer. "It's because I speak my mind so much."
His acknowledged lack of tact notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a series of socially
liberal and establishment-shaking rulings, turning Brazil's highest court – and him in particular – into a
newfound political power and the subject of popular fascination.
The court's recent rulings include a unanimous decision upholding the University of Brasília's
admissions policies aimed at increasing the number of black and indigenous students, opening the
way for one of the Western Hemisphere's most sweeping affirmative action laws for higher education.
In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway as chief justice and president of the panel overseeing
Brazil's judiciary to effectively legalize same-sex marriage across the country. And in an
anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in the
governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast vote-buying scheme.
Ascending to Brazil's high court, much less pushing the institution to assert its independence, long
seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished
city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked as a bricklayer.
But his prominence – not just on the court, but in the streets as well – is so well established that
masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur musicians have composed songs about his
handling of the corruption trial and posted them on YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge
street protests that shook the nation this year told pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top
choices for president in next year’s elections.
While the protests have subsided since their height in June, the political tumult they set off persists.
The race for president, once considered a shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now up in the
air, with Mr. Barbosa – who is now so much in the public eye that gossip columnists are following his
romance with a woman in her 20's – repeatedly saying he will not run. "I'm not a candidate for
anything," he says.
But the same public glare that has turned him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While he has
won widespread admiration for his guidance of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every other
prominent political figure in Brazil, has recently come under scrutiny. And for someone accustomed to
criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil's legal system, the
revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on the defensive.
One report in the Brazilian news media described how he received about $180,000 in payments for
untaken leaves of absence during his 19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments are common in
some areas of Brazil’s large public bureaucracy.) Another noted that he bought an apartment in Miami
through a limited liability company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on the property. In
statements, Mr. Barbosa contends that he has done nothing wrong.
In a country where a majority of people now define themselves as black or of mixed race – but where
blacks remain remarkably rare in the highest echelons of political institutions and corporations – Mr.
Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt manner have elicited both widespread admiration and a fair amount
of resistance.
As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a courtroom.
Against the odds, he got into the University of Brasília, the only black student in its law program at
the time. Wanting to see the world, he later won admission into Brazil's diplomatic service, which
promptly sent him to Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the Baltic Sea.
Sensing that he would not advance much in the diplomatic service, which he has called "one of the
most discriminatory institutions of Brazil," Mr. Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor. He
alternated between legal investigations in Brazil and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English,
French and German, and earning a doctorate in law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris.
Fascinated by the legal systems of other countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative action in
the United States. He still voices his admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the first black
Supreme Court justice in the United States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years embodied the
court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil's high court toward
socially liberal rulings.
Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into Brazil's public imagination as much as his handling of the
trial of political operatives, legislators and bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption scandal
called the "mensalão", or big monthly allowance, after the regular payments made to lawmakers in
exchange for their votes.
Last November, at Mr. Barbosa's urging, the high court sentenced some of the most powerful figures
in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in the scheme, including bribery and
unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political system in which impunity for politicians has been the norm.
Now the "mensalão" trial is entering what could be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times been
visibly exasperated that defendants who have already been found guilty and sentenced have
managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed with other justices over their consideration of a rare
legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at the high court are examined.
Losing his patience with one prominent justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve some
defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa publicly accused him this month of "chicanery" by using
legalese to prop up certain positions. An outcry ensued among some who could not stomach Mr.
Barbosa's talking to a fellow justice like that. "Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?" asked
Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was
qualified to preside over the court. "What powers does he think he has just because he's sitting in the
chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Tribunal?"
Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the interview, he said some tension was necessary for the court to
function properly. "It was always like this," he said, contending that arguments are now just easier
to see because the court's proceedings are televised.
Linking the court's work to the recent wave of protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed with
the violence of some demonstrators, but he also said he believed that the street movements were "a
sign of democracy's exuberance."
"People don't want to passively stand by and observe these arrangements of the elite, which were
always the Brazilian tradition," he said.
Available at: .
Besides being the subject of public fascination for his crusade against corruption, the Chief Justice is
also known for
a) participating in the recent wave of protests.
b) keeping his cool with his fellow justices.
c) promoting socially liberal rulings.
d) helping to impeach a former president.
Gabarito:
C
Resolução:
De acordo com o que lemos no texto, além de ser objeto de fascínio do público por sua cruzada
contra a corrupção, o presidente do Supremo também é conhecido por promover decisões
socialmente liberais ("he is the driving force behind a series of socially liberal and establishment-
shaking rulings, turning Brazil’s highest court [...] into a newfound political power and the subject of
popular fascination").