Mapa Mental - Adult Pneumonia Pathogenesis and clinical findings | Calgary Guide

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Authors: Adult Pneumonia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Laura Byford-Richardson Reviewers: Exposure to a pathogen via *Yan Yu Smoking suppressed neutrophil function and damaged lung epithelium inhalation, aspiration, contiguous Sadie Kutz or hematological mechanism Natalie Morgunov *Kerri Johannson Chronic lung conditions e.g. COPD, *MD at time of publication asthma, lung cancer destroys lung Susceptible host and/or tissue and offers pathogen more virulent pathogen Notes: niduses for infection Pathogens can be bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Proliferation of microbe in Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection (in contrast to Immune suppression e.g. HIV, sepsis, lower airways and alveoli upper respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis) and can be glucocorticoids, chemotherapy further classified by location of exposure: community, health- suppression of immune response care, hospital acquired Local response by alveolar epithelial cells release chemokines into Inflammatory response varies depending on type of invading Systemic inflammatory surrounding tissue to recruit neutrophils pathogen (i.e. S. Pneumonia causes a lobar pattern and H. response towards invading to the site of inflammation Influenza causes an interstitial pattern) microbe LOBAR: Accumulation of neutrophils and plasma INTERSTITIAL: Accumulation of infiltrates (i.e. Systemic cytokine release leads exudate from capillaries into alveoli specific to a inflamed cellular debris) in the alveolar walls (i.e. to a disruption in hypothalamic lung area/lobe space between the alveolar spaces and bloodstream) thermoregulation Irritation and Fluid build up Alveolar sacs Thickening of alveolar walls Irritated alveolar attempted clearance does not allow blocked by fluid diffusion distance walls trigger cough Fever Chills/ Rigors of airways X-rays to pass accumulation between alveoli and reflex through capillaries Notes: white opacity Fluid infiltrates are Since fluid infiltrates Other signs and symptoms on plain film at inside alveoli, exchange of and site of fluid are NOT in the alveoli, of pneumonia exist such as airway clearance buildup attempts to empty the chest pain, accessory leads to phlegm Hypoxemia alveoli through muscle use, crackles on production coughing doesn't lead auscultation and fatigue Triggers peripheral and central to production of fluid These signs and symptoms chemoreceptors to respiratory drive are less specific to the ones Productive Consolidation outlined on this slide Cough on CXR Dyspnea Dry Cough Legend: Pathophysiology Mechanism Sign/Symptom/Lab Finding Complications Published September 26, 2016 on www.thecalgaryguide.com