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806 CHAPTER 20 
 
20.53. The reagents for each of these transformations can be found in Figure 20.11. 
 
 
 
20.54. There are certainly many acceptable solutions to this problem. One such solution derives from the following 
retrosynthetic analysis. An explanation of each of the steps (a-d) follows. 
 
 
 
a. The desired amide can be made from the corresponding acid halide (upon treatment with excess diethylamine). 
b. The acid halide can be made from the corresponding carboxylic acid, upon treatment with thionyl chloride. 
c. The carboxylic acid can be made from the reaction between a Grignard reagent and CO2. 
d. The Grignard reagent can be made from the starting material, via insertion of magnesium. 
 
 
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