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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Analyze the types of prepositions and their use;
Study the semantic meaning of the prepositions. 
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS
A preposition is a connector that introduces a prepositional phrase. It usually connects a noun or noun phrase to the part of the sentence modified by the whole prepositional phrase, and it shows the relation between the two.
Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for students for whom English is a second language? We say we are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but on television. 
What are the 49 prepositions in order?
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_49_prepositions_in_order
 
 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
 
At the beginning - The first part of something (street, book, film, etc.); the starting point in a process; the start of a period of time
Let’s read out loud the examples given at the beginning of chapter 10. 
The horse fell right at the beginning of the race. 
I’m traveling to Mexico at the beginning of June. 
In the beginning - At first In the beginning I didn’t like living in Chicago, but now I love it! 
Learning Japanese was really difficult for me in the beginning. 
I was in the beginning of my studies when I had to quit college to help out my ailing mother. 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
 
At the end - The end part of something (street, book, film, etc.); the finishing point in a process; the end of a period of time
My house is at the end of the street on the left. 
The contractors were at the end of constructing the new subway line when the earthquake hit. 
Sarah and John will be moving back to Canada at the end of the year. 
In the end - Finally We looked at four different churches for our wedding. In the end we decided to get married in the back yard of our house. 
Tony complained so much about the hotel room that, in the end, they gave him an extra day for free. 
I watched so many films over the weekend. In the end I couldn’t even remember which ones I liked! 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
 
Prepositions “in, on or at” are usually used for different places.
“In” is usually used for place which have some boundary (boundary may physical or virtual).
“On” is  used for surface 
“At” is used for specific place. 
 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
 
1) We were at the theater (=watching a play)
It was dark in the theater (=inside the theater)
We stopped at a village near Coventry (=point)
There were two shops in the village (=inside the village)
The trains stops at Balham (= appoint on the railway line)
The Perrings live in Balham (=surrounded by houses)
WE SAY at the corner of the street (a point), but in the corner of the room (a place surrounded on all sides)
IN BED – under the sheets. X ON BED – on the sheets. 
AT THE LIBRARY – in the front of it. X IN THE LIBRARY – inside the building
 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS AND MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS AND MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BEFORE can refer to 
preceding someone or something in an order or series: The number 24 comes before 25.
being in a higher rank or place than someone or something else: She came before him in the test scores.  
it refers to being positioned ahead of someone or something, with your face or body either facing or able to be seen by that someone or something: 
The students sat before the blackboard. [=with their faces turned toward the blackboard]
She stood on stage before the crowd. [=she stood on the stage so that the crowd could see her]).
 
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
IN FRONT OF is limited to physical position only, in both the literal way 
I stood in front of the store.
and in the extended sense: 
She was humiliated in front of hundreds of audience members.").  
 
OPPOSITE is used to say the person or object being referred to is located at the other end, side, or corner of something else 
He sat opposite me at the table. [=he sat on the other side of the table from me], "
She was opposite the deli when the crash happened. [=she was on the other side of the street from the deli when the crash happened]).
 
ACROSS FROM has the same meaning and uses as opposite 
He sat opposite me at the table. = He sat across from me at the table. [=he sat on the other side of the table from me]. 
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
IN, INTO, ON, ONTO
IN (= INSIDE) - You shouldn't stay inside the castle.
ON – the cat is on the table.
INTO (entering something, moving into) - You shouldn't go into the castle.
ONTO - (moving to a place) - The cat jumped onto the roof.
 
SEE:
The cat jumped ONTO the roof – The cat was on the ground and now it is on the roof.
The cat jumped ON the roof - The was already on the roof and jumped on it.
I jumped INTO the classroom – I was outside the classroom and I jumped into it.
I jumped IN the classroom – I was already in the classroom and jumped in it.
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ON (EM CIMA) AND ABOVE (ACIMA), UNDER (EMBAIXO) AND BELOW (ABAIXO)
The picture hangs above my bed.(not touching the surface)
The cat is under the table. (the table covering it)
Death Valley is 86 meters below sea level. (not touching it)
I could see the park below us. (not touching it)
There was a table under an old sheet (touching it)
The book is on the table. (touching it)
There are clouds above London. (not touching it)
 
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BETWEEN X AMONG
Many people believe “between” should be used for choices involving two items and “among” for choices that involve more than two items. That can get you to the right answer some of the time, but it's not that simple. It is not strictly correct that between is used for two things and among for more than two.
When exactly two entities items, groups, or people are specified, between should always be used:
This contract is entered into between the Seller and the Purchaser.
Choose between Squiggly and Aardvark.
Let's keep this between you and me.
 
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BETWEEN X AMONG
However, when more than two entities are involved between should be used where the relationship is distinctly one-to-one:
The agreement was entered into between the Seller, the Purchaser and the Guarantor.
The negotiations between the cheerleaders, the dance squad, and the flag teamwere going well despite the confetti incident.
The differences between English, Chinese, and Arabic are significant.
 
On the other hand, you use “among” when you are talking about things that aren't distinct items or individuals; where the entities are considered as a group, mass or collectivity: 
She chose among the Ivy League schools.
The scandal caused a division among the fans.
Squiggly and Aardvark are among the residents featured in the newsletter.
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BY, NEXT TO AND BESIDE
They all mean ‘very close to’. Compare:
The flat was by the Thames (=very close to the river)
The flat was near the Thames (=close to – further away than by)
The flat was beside the Thames (=next to)
PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION (AND PLACE)
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BRITISH X AMERICAN
All and all of
Before a noun with a determiner (e.g. the, this, my), all and all of are both possible in British English. American English usually has all of.
She has eaten all (of) the cake. (GB) 
She has eaten all of the cake. (US) 
All (of) my friends like riding. (GB) 
All of my friends like riding. (US) 
Informal use of like
In an informal style, like is often used instead of as if/though, especially in American English. This is not considered correct in a formal style.
It seems like it is going to rain. 
He sat there smiling like it was his birthday. 
 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BRITISH X AMERICAN
On
In American English, it is common to leave out on before the days of the week.
I am seeing her Sunday morning. (US) 
British people say at the weekend; Americans say on the weekend.
What did you do at the weekend? (GB) 
What did you do on the weekend? (US) 
In and for
In American English, in can be used, like for, to talk about periods up to the present. (British English only for).
I haven’t seen her in years. (US) 
 
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
BRITISH X AMERICAN
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
UNNECESSARY PREPOSITIONS
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
PREPOSITIONS IN PARALLEL FORM
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
TAKE A LOOK!
English Grammar Lesson: Prepositions of time part 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRyM3ke61Mc
prepositions of place
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jE5NMRNAAs
Prepositions movie.wmv
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_lccM0SbfI
English Grammar - Learn Prepositions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiqBGZTZP6Q
English Grammar Lesson: Prepositions of time
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cfegr8Hm5h8
prepositions of place 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-g6PT9NgW2w
Prepositions of Movement - question and answer videos to learn English
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ss7AkpZUEyI
What Is a Preposition? - Learn the Preposition Song & More!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLFKLKgSuyo
AULA 2: PREPOSIÇÕES: VALOR SEMÂNTICO
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Analyzed the types of prepositions and their use;
Studied the semantic meaning of the prepositions.