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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
Aula 4: Adjetivos - Aspectos Sintáticos e Semânticos
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Learn the definition and particularities of adjectives ;
Analyze the order of adjectives.
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ADJECTIVES
 
An adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun, giving more information about the noun or pronoun's referent.
Look at the word in bold in the following sentences. They are all adjectives:
The quick, brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. 
Most monkeys are arboreal creatures that inhabit tropical or subtropical areas. 
The tall, thin, beautiful and intelligent girl entered into the room.
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
A given occurrence of an adjective can generally be classified into one of four kinds of uses:
ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVES are part of the noun phrase headed by the noun they modify In English, attributive adjectives precede their nouns in simple phrases.
I saw three happy kids
PREDICATIVE ADJECTIVES are linked via a copula or other linking mechanism to the noun or pronoun they modify:
They are happy.
They made me happy. 
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
TYPES OF ADJECTIVES
ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVES belong to a larger larger adjective phrase, and typically modify either the subject of a sentence or whatever noun or pronoun they are closest to:
The boy, happy with his lollipop, did not look where he was going.
SUBSTANTIVE ADJECTIVES act almost as nouns. It may occur in the following cases:
A noun is elided and an attributive adjective is left behind: "I read two books to them; he preferred the sad book, but she preferred the happy," (happy is a substantive adjective, short for "happy one" or "happy book.")
The adjective functions either as a mass noun, as in: "out with the old, in with the new," where "the old" means, "that which is old" or "all that is old," and similarly with "the new.”
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ATTRIBUTIVE adjectives come before the noun which they modify. 
He ate a delicious mango.
Poor can’t afford expensive clothes. 
Severe headache and fever are symptoms of malaria.
He is facing a difficult problem.
 
PREDICATIVE adjectives come after a verb.
Your problem seems difficult.
That book was good.
This pizza tastes delicious.
The story sounds interesting. 
 
POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
POSTPOSITIVE adjectives come immediately after the modified noun. In some languages this is the normal syntax, but in English it is rare, largely confined to archaic or institutional expressions. Aplenty, galore, and the informal extraordinaire are examples of adjectives that are primarily used postpositively in modern English. Name suffixes, such as Junior and Senior, also function as postpositive adjectives modifying proper names.
Aplenty: In plentiful supply; abundant: "There were warning signs aplenty for their candidates as well" (Michael Gelb).
Galore: In great numbers; in abundance: "with balloons and hot dogs . . . and fireworks galore" (Anne Armstrong).
Extraordinaire: Extraordinary: a jazz singer extraordinaire.
 
 
  
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
Other examples:
Judge Advocate 
president-elect 
Attorney General, Postmaster General, Surgeon General 
Governor-General (Commonwealth) 
Princess Royal, Astronomer Royal, battle royal 
present continuous 
past perfect 
court-martial 
best room available 
best choice possible 
things possible and impossible 
worst choice imaginable 
time immemorial 
times past 
Knight Templar 
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
Postposition is obligatory when the adjective modifies a pronoun:  
something useful   
everyone present   
those responsible 
 
Postpositive adjectives are commonly found together with superlative, attributive adjectives:  
the shortest route possible   
the worst conditions imaginable   
the best hotel available
  
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
NOMINAL ADJECTIVES
Certain adjectives are used to denote a class by describing one of the attributes of the class. For example, the poor denotes a class of people who share a similar financial status. Other nominal adjectives are:   
the old   
the sick   
 A major subclass of nominal adjectives refers to nationalities:   
the French   
the British   
the Japanese 
However, not all nationalities have corresponding nominal adjectives. Many of them are denoted by plural, proper nouns:  
the Germans   
the Russians   
the Americans   
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
NOMINAL ADJECTIVES
Nominal adjectives do not refer exclusively to classes of people. Indeed some of them do not denote classes at all:   
the opposite   
the contrary   
the good 
 
Comparative and superlative forms can also be nominal adjectives:  
the best is yet to come   
the elder of the two   
the greatest of these   
the most important among them
 
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
We have seen that attributive adjectives occur before a noun which they modify, for example, red in red car. We need to distinguish these clearly from nouns which occur in the same position, and fulfill the same syntactic function. Consider the following:    
rally car   
saloon car   
family car
Here, the first word modifies the second, that is, it tells us something further about the car. For example, a rally car is a car which is driven in rallies. These modifiers occur in the same position as red in the example above, but they are not adjectives. 
So although these words occupy the typical adjective position, they are not adjectives. They are NOUNS. 
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
 They are the ones formed by -ed or -ing endings:    
-ed form - computerized, determined, excited, misunderstood, renowned, self-centered, talented, unknown
-ing form - 	annoying, exasperating, frightening, gratifying, misleading, thrilling, time-consuming, worrying
 
Adjectives with -ed or -ing endings are known as PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES.
Like other adjectives, participial adjectives can usually be modified by very, extremely, or less (very determined, extremely self-centered, less frightening, etc). They can also take more and most to form comparatives and superlatives (annoying, more annoying, most annoying). 
PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ADJECTIVAL X VERBAL USE
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ADJECTIVAL X VERBAL USE
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ADJECTIVAL X VERBAL USE
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
OR: OPINION SIZE AGE SHAPE COLOR ORIGIN MATERIAL PURPOSE
MNEMONIC RESOURCE: OPSISACORMAP
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
We often have two adjectives in front of a noun:
a handsome young man; a big black car; that horrible big dog
 
Sometimes we have three adjectives, but this is unusual:
a nice handsome young man; 
a big black American car; 
that horrible big fierce dog
 
It is very unusual to have more than three adjectives.
 
Some adjectives give a general opinion. We can use these adjectives to describe almost any noun:
ADJECTIVE ORDER
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
1. In each of the following sentences the highlighted word is a participial adjective?
a) He told me a moving story about his childhood.
b) Our piano was tuned by a Mr. Beethoven. 
c) I spent four hours calculating your tax returns. 
d)The noise is annoying the neighbors 
e)My eyes are stinging.
2. Which is the correct word order?
a) a French new exciting band
b) a Canadian small thin lady
c) a blue beautiful sailing boat
d) a big plastic red hat
e) a new steel carving knife
 
LET’S PRACTICE
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
TAKE A LOOK!
Adjectives
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJdUXSMi1lo
Adjective Song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T4xw5C74Ps
English Grammar - Learn Adjectives
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDV-KMBvMck
What is an adjective?
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-adjective.htm
Adjective Song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GArtuuieD9Q
What Is an Adjective?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xktgpid88Vs
Adjectives ending in -ed and –ing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISNB-7IU9Hs
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
TAKE A LOOK!
English Adjectives - Learn English Online - Skype English Lessons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c4NNEJL30TY
Adjective order
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXywtGDXJgQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0juYr6ZLaQ
 
Adjetivos - aspectos sintáticos e semânticos – Aula 4
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LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA I
Conteúdo Programático desta aula
Learned the definition and particularities of adjectives ;
Analyzed the order of adjectives.