LIES1_a10_t19

Prévia do material em texto

Metonymy 
 
Tools/Instruments: Often a tool is used to signify the job it does or the 
person who does the job, as in the phrase "the press" (referring to the printing 
press), or as in the idiom, 
 The pen is mightier than the sword. 
 We have always remained loyal to the crown. 
 
The material that a thing is (actually, historically, or supposedly) made of 
referring to that thing 
 "glasses" for spectacles 
 "steel" for a sword 
 "strings" for string instruments The strings come in together on the 
next beat. 
 "brass" for brass instruments The brass section needs to tune their 
instruments. 
 "ivories" for a piano The maestro sure knows how to tickle the 
ivories. 
 "tin" for a container made with tin plating 
 "wood" for a type of club used in the sport of golf 
 "irons" for shackles placed around a prisoner's wrists or ankles to 
restrict his movement 
 "plastic" for a credit card (asking a merchant) Do you take plastic? 
 "lead" for bullets (e.g. They pumped him full of lead.) 
 "rubber" for a condom 
 "threads" for clothing Yo, check out my new threads! 
 "lead" for the graphite core of a pencil 
 
A container is used to refer to its contents 
 "barrel" for a barrel of oil 
 "keg" for a keg of beer 
 "he drank the cup", to refer to his drinking of the cup's contents 
 I ate the whole box of chocolate. 
 
The author for its work: 
 I bought a Picasso yesterday. 
 I like to read Shakespeare. 
 
SYNECDOCHE (FROM THE GREEK, "SIMULTANEOUS UNDERSTANDING") is 
understood as a specific kind of metonymy. It is a figure of speech in which a 
term for a part of something is used to refer to the whole of something, or 
 
 
vice-versa. For example, referring to a congregation as the church or the 
police as the law. 
 Referring to people according to a single characteristic: "the gray 
beard" representing an older man or "the long hair" representing a 
hippie. 
 Describing a complete vehicle as "wheels" 
 Referring to people by a particular body part. For example, "head 
count", "counting noses", or "all hands on deck!", “She has ten mouths 
to feed.” 
 Referring to a country (or its government) using the name of its capital 
city. 
 Describing a small portable radio as a "transistor" (though that may 
simply be an abbreviation for "transistor radio"), or a CRT-based 
television receiver as "the tube" 
 Using a national football team is signified by reference to the nation to 
which it belongs: 'England beat Sweden.' 
 Referring to a part of a construction: “I don’t have a roof over my 
head.”