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TenCateTM Geosynthetics TenCateTM is the global leader in geosynthetics. We develop and produce materials that increase performance, reduce costs and enable people to achieve what was once unachievable. Our goal is to contribute significantly to progress in the industries in which we work. TenCateTM Geosynthetics make the difference. Geosynthetics Industrial Fabrics Synthetic Grass Protective & Outdoor Fabrics Aerospace Composites Armor Composites TenCate 3000 BC Split-log “corduroy” roads over peat bogs Road builders used straw, logs, and animal hides to stabilize weak subgrades 1926 South Carolina Highway Dept - Cotton Fabric for Pavement Reinforcement History of Geosynthetics 1950’s New science emerged to produce textile products from synthetic plastics Change from organic textiles to plastic textiles begins in carpet backing industry 1957 Nico ter Kuile & Sons (Netherlands) produce first nylon sand bags for a hydraulic engineering project 1966 Ten Cate Nicolon USA founded by Royal Ten Cate (Netherlands) Experimental line of civil engineering fabrics is developed by Celanese(USA) Fabrics are formed from “MIRAcle FIbers” = Mirafi 1970s Construction of the national infrastructure and interstate system in United States provides a new market for the textile industry. Market is established with a total of 3 million square yards installed in 1970. 1980s Ten Cate Nicolon establishes its presence in the US in Cornelia, Georgia Design procedures completed for roads, reinforced soil structures, embankments 1990s Nicolon and Mirafi join forces Explosive growth of geosynthetic products and applications Nicolon Mirafi Group repositions itself in the global marketplace as Mirafi® Construction Products 2000s Total geosynthetic sales reach over 700 million square yards in the US … 2000s Mirafi® geosynthetics used successfully worldwide Vast array of products available for numerous applications Roadway Stabilization & Reinforcement Geosynthetic Reinforcement “Use of a geosynthetic to aid in support of traffic loads, where loads may be vehicular loads over the life of the pavement, or construction equipment loads on the unpaved base course or subbase during construction.” From Geosynthetics Manufacturer’s Assoc. (GMA) White Paper II Geosynthetic Functions – Roadway Stabilization & Reinforcement Separation Confinement Reinforcement Filtration Drainage Separation Geotextile placed between dissimilar materials so that the integrity of both can remain intact or be improved. Old adage - “10 lbs. of stone placed on 10 lbs. of mud = 20 lbs. mud” Confinement Geosynthetic improvement of the ability to resist lateral movement of the aggregate Reinforcement Improvement of the system strength created by the introduction of a geosynthetic into a soil/aggregate system Filtration/ Drainage Fabric to soil system that allows for free liquid flow (but no soil loss) across or through the plane of the fabric over an indefinitely long period of time. Geosynthetic Reinforcement Mechanisms Lateral Restraint Bearing Capacity Increase Tension Membrane Support I. Lateral Restraint Restraint of the lateral movement of base, or subbase, aggregate (confinement) Increase in modulus of base aggregate due to confinement Improved vertical stress distribution on subgrade due to increased base modulus Reduced shear strain along the top of the subgrade (From GMA White Paper II ) Lateral Restraint II. Bearing Capacity Increase By forcing the potential bearing capacity failure surface to develop along alternate, higher shear strength surfaces. (From GMA White Paper II ) Bearing Capacity Increase III. Tensile Membrane Support Mechanism mobilized under high deformation conditions. (From GMA White Paper II ) Tension Membrane Support Geosynthetic Reinforcement Applications Base Reinforcement Subgrade Restraint (Stabilization) Base Reinforcement Applications “…results from the addition of a geosynthetic at the bottom or within a base course to increase the structural or load-carrying capacity of a pavement system…to improve the service life and/or obtain equivalent performance with a reduced structural section.” Subgrade: Controlled moisture content. Conditions: CBR > 3 Base Course Thickness < 250 mm (10”) Geogrid Base Reinforcement Subgrade: Soils containing fines and occasionally wet. Conditions: CBR > 3 Base Course Thickness > 250 mm (10”) Geotextile Base Reinforcement Subgrade: Saturated, fine soils. Conditions: CBR < 3 Base Course Thickness > 250 mm (10”) Geotextile Base Reinforcement Geogrid Geogrid Base Reinforcement Benefits Geosynthetic placed as a tensile element at the bottom of or within a base/sub-base aggregate Improves service life Obtains equivalent performance with reduced section Reduces undercut, disturbance of subgrade Reduces aggregate required for stabilization Subgrade Restraint Applications “..may occur when a geosynthetic is placed at the subgrade / subbase or subgrade/base interface to increase the support of construction equipment over a weak or low subgrade …is the reinforcing component of stabilization…” Subgrade: Fully saturated. Could be soil or liquid Conditions: CBR < 3 Geotextile Subgrade Restraint Subgrade Restraint Benefits Geosynthetic placed as a tensile element at the bottom of a base or subbase aggregate Improves service life Obtains equivalent performance with reduced section Reduces undercut, disturbance of subgrade Reduced aggregate required for stabilization Provides access & constructability over very soft soils Helps to establish a well-compacted, non-yielding platform - uniform support TenCateTM Geosynthetics Mirafi® HP geotextile Mirafi® BXG biaxial geogrid Mirafi® HP Geotextiles Woven geotextiles made of high tenacity polypropylene yarns Tensile strengths up to 25,000 lbs per ft. per ASTM D4595 Superior soil confinement resulting in greater load distribution. Excellent separation factor with controlled filtration and drainage Mirafi ® HP Geotextiles Higher tensile strength At 2% and 5% than any comparable stabilization product Strength Mirafi® HP Geotextiles Prevents fine grained soil from contaminating the load bearing aggregate base course layer. Separation Mirafi® HP Geotextiles Superior damage resistance from moderate to severe stress installations Durability Mirafi® HP Geotextiles Uniform openings provide same filtration and flow as fine to coarse sand Hydraulics Mirafi® BXG Biaxial Geogrid Next generation in biaxial grid performance Designed for maximum bearing capacity and shear resistance Wide rolls (13.1 ft) for easy handling Allows for year-round construction Has highest soil interaction characteristics Mirafi® BXG Biaxial Geogrid Consistent strength at low strains Strength: Mirafi® BXG Biaxial Geogrid Superior damage resistance to installation stress Durability Project: Nellie Gale, Laguna Hills, CA Application: Subgrade Reinforcement Products: Mirafi® HP570 Mirafi® HP570 used where over excavating was not possible due to utility depths - Heavy lawn irrigation jeopardized road. Mirafi® HP570 used to increase long term performance Contact your TenCateTM representative: 800-685-9990 or www.mirafi.com Questions about Mirafi® Geosynthetics? Pavement Restoration Pavement Restoration The addition of a geosynthetic fabric onto existing pavement to form an impermeable membrane that prevents the penetration of surface water through the pavement and also provides a stress relieving layer which inhibits reflective crack growth. California Department of Transportation Findings: 1995 Indications are that paving fabric interlayer is equivalent to 0.10 ft to 0.15 ft of AC overlay thickness in overlays of distressed AC pavements over aggregate bases and PCC pavements with differential vertical movement (Δ-vert) at joints of less than 0.008 inch to retard or reduce reflection cracking. Water proofing of the lower pavement structure by the paving fabric interlayer appears to be the primary mechanism in providing remediation. Paving Fabric System A polypropylene non-woven fabric, heat bonded on the surface and designed to accept the optimum quantity of asphalt cement to provide a moisture barrier and stress relief membrane layer Paving Fabric Systema Why Polypropylene? Affinity for Asphalt Chemical Resistance Stability in Water Easy to Apply Withstands Hot Asphalt Temperatures Millable and Recyclable Sufficient Elasticity to be Installed Around Curves and Slopes Non Woven Polypropylene Needle Punched Staple Fibers Heat Set Pavement Fabric System Fabric - Asphalt Membrane Composed of a nonwoven polypropylene fabric and asphalt cement Fabric-Asphalt membrane deflects strain - retarding reflection crack CAlTRANS Test Site: Core removed from US 395 Near Lake Tahoe in early 1980’s Fabric Core with Minimum Asphalt Thickness Separation & Drainage Moisture Barrier Between Surface and Subgrade Reinforcement Deflects Strain – Retarding Reflection Crack Geosynthetic Functions Pavement Restoration Paving Fabric Applications Applications: Highways County Roads City Roads Subdivisions Parking Areas Airports Paving Fabrics Have Proven Performance For 35+ years Pavement Restoration Applications Block Cracking Aged and Oxidized Pavement (Moderate Climate) Treatment: Fabric/asphalt tack and overlay Pavement Restoration Applications Slight Alligator Crack Treatment: Paving fabric, tack coat and minimum overlay Pavement Restoration Applications Light-Moderate Alligator Cracking Extensive Cracking Pavement is stable No Loose Pieces Treatment: Paving fabric with 0.26 gsf tack and overlay Pavement Restoration Applications Moderate-Heavy Alligator Cracking Extensive Cracking Pavement is stable Loose Pieces Treatment: Pavement treated with leveling course, fabric/tack and overlay Pavement Restoration Applications Subgrade Failure Treatment: This pavement is removed and replaced with full depth asphalt Severe Alligator Cracking Thermal and Moisture Effects Temperature and moisture changes cause reflective cracking by vertical and or horizontal movement. Climatic maps are used to assist in design considerations. Thermal and Moisture Effects Severe pavement conditions exist in areas III and VI that warrant special consideration for asphalt pavement overlays Pavement Restoration Applications Thermal Applications Thermal Induced Block Cracking Treated with fabric/asphalt tack and overlay Pavement Restoration Applications Thermal Applications Transverse-Longitudinal Joints Cracking Treatment: Leveling course, fabric/tack and overlay Pavement Restoration Applications Thermal Applications Treatment: Leveling course with 6oz paving fabric using modified asphalt tack and 2” overlay Thermal Degradation & Age Benefits of Paving Fabrics Moisture Barrier Reduces Crack Reflection Offers Stress Relief Increased Fatigue Life Increased Pavement Bond Texas Study Comparison of reflective cracks in 1.25” and 2.5” asphalt overlay verses 1.25” with paving fabric TRB, January 1989 Reduces Reflection Cracking Chart1 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.4 0 0 0.43 0.18 0.03 0.6 0.21 0.15 0.75 0.3 0.2 0.35 0.23 0.4 0.25 1-1/4 AC Control 1-1/4 AC W Fabric 2-1/2" AC Time in Years After Overlay % Reflective Cracking Reflection Cracking Over Time Sheet1 0% 0% 0% * 0.20 0% 0% * 0.40 0% 0% * 0.43 18% 3% * 0.60 21% 15% * 0.75 30% 20% 35% 23% 40% 25% Sheet1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1-1/4 AC Control 1-1/4 AC W Fabric 2-1/2" AC Time in Years After Overlay % Refkectuib Cracking Reflection Cracking Over Time Sheet2 Sheet3 Increases Asphalt Overlay Life Expectancy Pavement Condition Index Serviceability & performance measured by pavement evaluation methods Chart2 100 100 100 90 95 80 90 70 80 60 70 45 60 13 45 5 10 0 With Paving Fabric Without Paving Fabric Years of Service Pavement Condition Index Sheet1 100 100 95 90 80 70 60 45 10 100 90 80 70 60 45 13 5 0 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 3 5 8 10 13 15 17 20 Sheet1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 With Paving Fabric Without Paving Fabric Years of Service Pavement Condition Index Sheet2 Sheet3 Pavement Life The addition of paving fabric in an asphalt overlay can increase pavement life by 50% Life Cycle Cost Benefits Chart3 1.5 1 2 Inches of Asphalt Concrete with Paving Fabric 2 Inches of Asphalt Concrete Sheet1 2 Inches of Asphalt Concrete 100% 150% 2 Inches of Asphalt Concrete with Paving Fabric Sheet1 0 0 2 Inches of Asphalt Concrete with Paving Fabric 2 Inches of Asphalt Concrete Sheet2 Sheet3 Meets AASHTO Specifications for Paving Fabrics Manufactured by an ISO Approved Facilities Readily Available in the US and Canada Promoted by Experienced Installers Mirafi® MPV TenCateTM Paving Restoration Solutions AASHTO Specifications for Paving Fabrics Sheet1 Climate Conditions Warm Moderate Cold Cold/ Freeze Thaw MPV MPV-400 MPV-500 MPV-600 MPV-700 Federal Specifications AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO Heavy Loading M288-92 M288-00 M288-97 Fabric Property Test Method Units Grab Tensile ASTM D 4632 lbs. 90 (400 N) 102 (450 N) 120 (530 N) 180 (800 N) Grab Elongation ASTM D 4632 % 50 50 50 50 Asphalt Retention ASTM D 6140 gal/sq.yd 0.2 0.23 0.25 0.3 Mass/Unit Area ASTM D 5261 oz/sq.yd. 3.6 4.1 4.5 6 Melting Point ASTM D 276 degrees F 338(170 C) 338(170 C) 338(170 C) 338(170 C) Regional Recommendations Southern Northern States States ACC Hot Mix Minimum Thickness Recommendations ( Compacted) 1.5" 1.5" 2.0" 2.5" Roll Dimension Chart Width Length Roll In Ft Meters FT Yd. Meters Sq. Ft Sq. Yd. Sq. Meters 75 6.25 1.91 360 120 109.76 2250 250 209 120 10 3.05 360 120 109.76 3600 400 334.4 150 12.5 3.81 360 120 109.76 4500 500 418.0 180 15 4.57 360 120 109.76 5400 600 501.6 Sheet2 Sheet3 Fabric in Asphalt Overlays and Pavement Maintenance National Cooperative Highway Research Program 171 Nonwoven Paving Fabric Study Maxim Technologies, Inc Austin Texas Evaluation of Paving Fabric Test Installations – Final Report California Department of Transportation FHWA/CalTrans Major Users Illinois DOT Wyoming DOT CalTrans Texas DOT Colorado DOT Mirafi® MPV Project Reviews Mirafi® MPV Benefits SuperPave Stone Matrix Polymer Modified Can be used with New Mix Designs Mirafi® MPV Solutions to a Variety of Applications Doubles chip seal life Eliminates the need for crack sealing Prepares surface for chip seal Waterproofs & protects the pavement Saves pavement maintenance dollars Mirafi® MPV & Chip Seal Paving Fabrics under chip seal surface treatments have been used since the 1970s. Chip Seal After 15 Years The fabric continues to bridge the surface of the underlying crack and eliminate the need for further crack sealing. Chip Seal After 15 Years Self Adhesive Waterproofing Membrane Crack strip control Local area repair Mirafi® MTK Membranes Other Pavement Restoration Solutions Mirafi® MTK Membranes Pavement Restoration Mirafi® MTK700 Mirafi® MTK Membranes Project: Bradley Road Libertyville, IL Application: Pavement Restoration Products: Mirafi® MPV700 Allowed the city to rehabilitate the road without having to reconstruct the roadway The heavier Mirafi® MPV nonwoven asphalt overlay fabric was used with a polymer - modified asphalt that allows for greater flexibility in the pavement surface under high and low temperature conditions Contact your TenCateTM representative: 800-685-9990 or www.mirafi.com Questions about Mirafi® Geosynthetics? Drainage and Filtration Drainage and Filtration fabric to soil system that allows for free liquid flow across or through the plane of the fabric over an indefinitely long period of time, while preventing soil loss (filtration). *filtration - the ability of a geotextile to prevent excessive migration of soil particles Filtration The ability of a geotextile to prevent excessive migration of soil particles, while maintaining the free flow of liquid through the filter layer. Drainage Water drains along or through the plane of the fabric. Basic Principle Pavement Drainage Separation - between soil and aggregate while allowing free liquid flow Filtration Drainage Aggregate Geotextile Geotextile Soil Particles Larger AOS can retain smaller particle sizes Filter Bridge/ Filter Cake Forms Geotextile Soil Particles Escaping Too large an AOS Can Cause piping No Filter Bridge Forms Geotextile Gap-Graded Soils Can Clog Fabrics Soil Particles Clogged/Blinded Fabric Filtration Water flow through and along plane of fabric allows smaller particles to “fill in” gaps between larger ones, creating a strong “filter bridge.” (Click image to start animation.) Pavement Drainage Landfill Drainage Pavement Drainage Filtration Behind Gabion Wall Benefits of Mirafi® N-Series Provides highest flow capacity Maintains separation of fines from aggregate - Filtration (AOS 70-100) Provides cushioning Benefits of Mirafi® FW-Series Provides controlled flow capacity Maintains separation of fines from aggregate – specific filtration (AOS 30-70) Resistant to installation damage - woven Designing for Drainage/ Filtration Determine Soil Retention Requirements Geofilter 32 Makes it EASY Project: Interstate 20 Filter Fabric Application Application: Subgrade Reinforcement Products: Mirafi® N160 nonwoven polypropylene geotextile Worked with Alabama DOT Utilized approximately 20 miles of Mirafi® N160 The primary function of the Mirafi® N160 is filtration for surface water run-off Contact your TenCateTM representative: 800-685-9990 or www.mirafi.com Questions about Mirafi® Geosynthetics? Erosion Control Erosion Control Structures The use of a geotextile to provide soil retention and clogging resistance under rip rap or armor systems. Basic Principle for Erosion Control Geotextile Separation between soil and riprap/armor protection while allowing free liquid flow both directions. Application: Heavyweight Non-Woven Under Gabions/Reno Mattresses Application: Under Riprap Application: Mirafi® FW Series Under Revetment Systems Benefits of Geotextile Erosion Control Resists clogging while maintaining high flow rate in dynamic flow and high gradient conditions Maintains separation of layers High survivability in aggressive installation conditions Erosion Control Products Mirafi® FW-Series Mirafi® N-Series Project: East Lyme, CT Replaced more expensive block wall & sheet piling system Allowed contractor to work from shore rather than barge Cost savings in material, labor and time Application: Armored Revetments Products: Mirafi® FW700 & FW404 Project: Fairfield, TX Application: Erosion Control Products: Miramesh® GR Regulations discourage use of concrete drainage structures for remediation Miramesh® GR aesthetically reduced sediment erosion in channels Design award received from Texas Railroad Commission Contact your TenCateTM representative: 800-685-9990 or www.mirafi.com Questions about Mirafi® Geosynthetics? Case Studies Mid Atlantic South Carolina North Carolina Steepened Slope, Statesville – Mirafi XT Airport Runway, Person County – MPV400 Subgrade Stabilization, Chapel Hill – HP370 Virginia West Virginia Maryland Temporary MSE Wall, Columbia – HP370 Delaware Project: Statesville, NC Application: Steepened Slope Products: Miragrid® XT RSS using Miragrid® geogrid reinforcement with 2:1 vegetated slope at top 60ft elevation change between highway and stream Geogrid was chosen to reinforce instead of cast-in-place wall at the slope top Miragrid® XT saved money, time and provided the owner with additional property Project: Person County, NC Application: Airport Runway Restoration Product: Mirafi® MPV400 20 yr old runway was extended & resurfaced Mirafi® MPV400 chip seal interlayer installed to reduce pavement reflective cracking and to provide waterproof barrier Project: Chapel Hill, NC Application: Subgrade Stabilization Product: Mirafi® HP370 Haul road built on soft, wet soil conditions Mirafi® HP370 high strength geotextile was selected for reinforcement and separation Mirafi® HP370 was better solution than undercutting or placement of both a standard fabric and geogrid Northeast Pennsylvania New York New Jersey Connecticut Armored Revetment, East Lyme – FW700 & FW404 Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Maine Reinforced Slope, Lewiston – XT, 180N & FW700 MSE Wall, Topsham – HP370, 8XT Vermont Project: East Lyme, CT Application: Armored Revetments Products: Mirafi® FW700 & FW404 Replaced more expensive block wall wall/sheet piling systems Allowed contractor to work from shore rather than barge Cost savings in material, labor and time Project: Lewiston ME Application: Reinforced Soil Slope Products: Miragrid® XT, Mirafi® 180N & FW700 Replaced SRW wall Flexible grid allowed them to work thru winter months 25% savings vs. SRW wall Project: Topsham, ME Application: MSE Wall Products: Mirafi® HP370 & Miragrid® 8XT Reduced over excavation of poor soils SRW wall replaced traditional bridge structure Cost savings Project: Columbia, MD Application: Temporary Wrapped MSE Wall Product: Mirafi® HP370 Existing infrastructure made grading difficult Temporary MSE walls with Mirafi® HP370 saved time, money, and facilitated mass grading operations and the required retaining wall construction Cost savings were achieved due to the MSE walls lowering the lateral earth pressures on the concrete walls on site Great Lakes Ohio Kentucky Michigan Illinois Indiana Wisconsin Reinforced Embankment, Milwaukee – HS800 & GL600 Project: Canal Street Milwaukee, WI Application: Reinforced Embankment Products: Mirafi® HS800 & GL600 Temporary access road over extremely soft soil fill material with soft organic clays Mirafi® HS was used to control differential settlement. Western California Subgrade Reinforcement, Laguna Hills – HP570 Subgrade Restraint, Calexico – HP370 Nevada Utah Arizona Project: Nellie Gale, Laguna Hills, CA Application: Subgrade Reinforcement Products: Mirafi® HP570 Mirafi® HP570 used where over excavating was not possible due to utility depths Heavy lawn irrigation jeopardized road. Mirafi® HP570 used to increase long term performance Project: CA State Route 7, Calexico, CA Application: Subgrade Restraint Products: Mirafi® HP370 Allowed contractor to use on-site material & achieve required compaction of subgrade Significant cost savings Over 350,000 SY of Mirafi® HP used Canada Ontario Temporary MSE Wall, Huntsville – Mirafi® HP570 Reinforced Embankment, Timmins – Mirafi® PET600/100 Project: Huntsville, Ontario Canada Application: MSE Wrap Wall Product: Mirafi® HP570 Provided significant cost savings over alternative specified steel sheet pile wall Ease of installation and unique techniques decreased construction time Biaxial strength of Mirafi® HP570 enabled contractor to lay geotextile parallel to wall face minimizing overlaps Project: Timmins, Ontario, Canada Application: Embankment on Weak Subgrade Product: Mirafi® PET600/100 One layer of Mirafi® PET 600/100 replaced multiple layers of geogrid reinforcement Mirafi® PET 600/100 was shipped to site in large panels to expedite construction. 9000m2 were installed in one day. 35% cost savings over geogrid alternative. South Central Texas Anchor Wall, Corpus Christi – XT & N-Series New Mexico Arkansas Louisiana Mississippi Project: Corpus Christi, TX Application: MSE Anchor Wall Products: Miragrid® XT & Mirafi® N Series Project involved challenging architectural wall design Miragrid® XT used to reinforce wall Mirafi® N Series (non-wovens) used for separation and filtration Midwest Wyoming Colorado Oklahoma Kansas Base Reinforcement, Wichita – BXG & HP Missouri Base Reinforcement, Zona Rosa – BXG 11 Nebraska Project: Wichita, KS Application: Subgrade Improvement/ Base Reinforcement Products: Mirafi® BXG and HP Wichita has successfully used high strength geosynthetics since 1992 Replaced chemically treating subgrade with high strength geosynthetic solution Mirafi® BXG and HP allow Wichita to reduce amount of base course. Advantage since city has lack of rock in the area. Project; Zona Rosa, North Kansas City, MO Application: Base Reinforcement Product: Mirafi® BXG 11 Job owner wanted to prevent failure of initial asphalt layer during construction because the final layer of asphalt was not installed until after construction. Mirafi® BXG decreased construction time North Central Minnesota Base Reinforcement, Maplewood – BXG 11 Subgrade Stabilization, Rice County –HP770 PET North Dakota South Dakota Iowa Project: Maplewood, MN Application: Cold Weather Installation Base Reinforcement (-20oF) Products: Mirafi® BXG 11 Mirafi® BXG biaxial geogrid is easier to install than competitor’s product Cost savings in labor Rolls out flat Project: Rice County, MN Application: Subgrade Stabilization Products: Mirafi® HP770 PET Widening 2 lane highway over swamp Geogrid wasn’t specified - cannot prevent mud movement Mirafi® HP Series geotextile panels were sewn to maintain continuity Southeast Tennessee Georgia Alabama Reinforced Slope, Anniston – Miramesh® GR, Miragrid® XT & Mirafi® 140NL Florida Project: The Pinnacle at Tutwiler - Anniston, AL Application: Reinforced Steepened Slope Products: Miramesh® GR, Miragrid® XT and Mirafi® 140NL This project is almost 3/4 mile long and peaks at 69 ft. The owner decided to install a vegetated slope for greener aesthetics. This RSS design was much more economical than the typical block face walls. Northwest Montana Idaho Washington Oregon South Central Mark Chaput ext. 1810 2053 Quail Meadow Frisco, TX 75034 214-783-3475 office/cell 214-975-1332 fax m.chaput@tencate.com Mid-Atlantic Scott Dull ext. 1754 112 Prestwick Drive Clayton, NC 27527 919-740-9989 office/cell 919-573-0467 fax s.dull@tencate.com Northeast Jeff Harris ext. 1804 258 Spielman Hwy. #4 Burlington, CT 06013 860-675-9200 office 860-305-4441 cell 860-675-9201 fax jb.harris@tencate.com North Central Mark Kurtz ext. 1806 3934 146th Lane NW Andover, MN 55304 763-712-0569 office 612-868-4947 cell 763-712-8348 fax m.kurtz@tencate.com Northwest Josh Venters ext. 1838 5016 – 256th Avenue NE Redmond, WA 98053 425-868-1314 office 425-891-4722 cell 425-671-2915 fax j.venters@tencate.com Western Paul Frankenberger ext. 1801 26071 Merit Circle Ste 109 Laguna Hills, CA 92653 949-716-3950 office 949-716-3951 fax p.frankenberger@tencate.com Midwest Brett Odgers ext. 1809 14064 S. Hagan Street Olathe, KS 66062 913-909-7150 office/cell 831-665-5970 fax b.odgers@tencate.com Southeast Dusty McClure ext. 1818 5919 Peacock Lane Hoschton, GA 30548 770-307-8190 office/cell 707-667-1567 fax d.mcclure@tencate.com Great Lakes Jeff Rasche ext. 1805 6913 W. Montrose Ave. Harwood Heights, IL 60706 708-867-8446 office 708-404-3881 cell 309-423-1524 fax j.rasche@tencate.com Canada Andy Lister - Intersol Eng. 1195 N. Service Rd West Unit B7 - Ontario Oakville, Canada L6M 2W2 905-847-6516 office 905-467-1828 cell 905-847-3980 fax a.lister@tencate.com Contact a local TenCateTM regional office near you. Definitions Geosynthetics Geotextile Geogrid Separation Confinement Reinforcement Filtration Drainage Geosynthetics generic for all synthetic materials used in geotechnical engineering applications, including textiles, grids, nets, membranes and composites NonWoven - textile structure produced by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent bonding and/or interlocking of fibers Woven - textile structure produced by interlacing two or more yarns, fibers, or filaments Knit - textile structure produced by interlooping ends of yarn Geotextiles any permeable textile used in any geotechnical engineered system, a.k.a. Filter Fabric, Filter Cloth, Filter Paper, Construction Paper. Geogrid A gridlike polymeric material formed by intersecting ribs joined at the junctions used for reinforcement with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering-related material as an integral part of a human-made project structure or system. Separation Geotextile placed between dissimilar materials so that the integrity of both can remain intact or be improved. Old adage - “10 lbs. of stone placed on 10 lbs. of mud = 20 lbs. mud” Confinement Geosynthetic improvement of the ability to resist lateral movement of the aggregate Reinforcement Improvement of the system strength created by the introduction of a geosynthetic into a soil/aggregate system Filtration/ Drainage Fabric to soil system that allows for free liquid flow (but no soil loss) across or through the plane of the fabric over an indefinitely long period of time. Contact your TenCateTM representative: 800-685-9990 or www.mirafi.com Questions about Mirafi® Geosynthetics?
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