Conectivos e Advérbios em Inglês

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Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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Ol‡, pessoal! Tudo bem? Como v‹o os estudos?
Hoje continuaremos o nosso curso com a Aula 01 sobre Conectivos e
AdvŽrbios e, Ž claro, a resolu‹o de v‡rias quest›es das bancas CESPE e ESAF.
Lembrem-se: Em caso de dœvida, n‹o deixe de post‡-la no f—rum do
curso. Terei a maior satisfa‹o em respond-la!
Um grande abrao,
Marina Marcondes
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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a) A v’rgula pode ser utilizada antes de ÒandÓ, quando esta conjun‹o for usada
para adicionar o œltimo item de uma lista ou sŽrie. Esse tipo de constru‹o Ž
bastante comum no Ingls, contudo a sŽrie deve conter pelo menos trs ’tens.
Quando a constru‹o n‹o for longa, o uso da v’rgula Ž facultativo.
Maria spent her vacations studying math, chemistry, and physics.
(Maria passou suas fŽrias estudando matem‡tica, qu’mica e f’sica.)
He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and champagne.
ou
He drinks beer, whisky, wine and champagne.
(Ele bebe cerveja, whisky, vinho e champanhe.)
b) A v’rgula tambŽm pode ser usada antes de ÒandÓ quando liga duas ora›es
independentes (independent clauses) que n‹o possuem o mesmo sujeito. Caso as
ora›es sejam pequenas e tenham o mesmo sujeito, n‹o Ž comum usar v’rgula.
Sophia decided to try the spaguetti, and Marc ordered a lasagna.
(Sophia decidiu experimentar o espaguete e Marc pediu a lasanha.)
I bought some popcorn, and we ate it together.
(Eu comprei um pouco de pipoca e n—s comemos juntos.)
Observa‹o: Nesses exemplos, a v’rgula pode ser usada, j‡ que o sujeito das
ora›es n‹o Ž o mesmo.
Nina ate a chocolate cake and John ate an apple pie.
(Nina comeu um bolo de chocolate e John comeu uma torta de ma‹.)
Observa‹o: Nesse caso, a v’rgula Ž facultativa, pois apesar de o sujeito das
ora›es n‹o ser o mesmo, as duas ora›es s‹o pequenas.
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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3. OR (ou; nem; sen‹o): A conjun‹o ÒorÓ indica altern‰ncia ou exclus‹o.
Are you married or single?
(Voc Ž casado ou solteiro?)
They didnÕt drink or eat anything.
(Eles n‹o beberam nem comeram nada.)
You should talk to her more often, or sheÕll start feeling lonely.
(Voc deveria falar com ela com mais frequncia, sen‹o ela vai comear a se
sentir s—.)
4. SO (para que; de maneira que; por isso; ent‹o; t‹o): A conjun‹o ÒsoÓ
expressa o que aconteceu ou acontecer‡ em raz‹o de algo.
I Always talk to her so she doesnÕt feel lonely.
(Eu sempre converso com ela para que ela n‹o se sinta s—.)
I usually call them so they donÕt stop working.
(Eu costumo ligar para eles para que eles n‹o parem de trabalhar.)
My aunt was sick, so she went to the doctor.
(Minha tia estava doente, por isso foi ao mŽdico.)
It was cold, so I took my coat.
(Estava frio, ent‹o peguei meu casaco.)
This book is so interesting.
(Esse livro Ž t‹o interessante.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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2. EITHER...OR: ƒ usada para falar sobre uma escolha entre duas ou mais
possibilidades.
I can go either by car or by subway.
(Eu posso ir de carro ou de metr™.)
He doesn't speak either English or Spanish.
(Ela n‹o fala nem ingls nem espanhol.)
She is either at work or at school.
(Ela est‡ no trabalho ou na escola.)
a) Quando utilizamos a conjun‹o Òeither...orÓ, o verbo concordar‡ com o
substantivo que o precede.
If either my uncle or my parents come, you can let them in.
(Se meu tio ou meus pais chegarem, voc pode deix‡-los entrar.)
b) No entanto, se Òeither...orÓ estiver ligando dois substantivos no singular, o
verbo poder‡ ser conjugado tanto no plural (bastante informal) como no
singular.
If either my friend or my sister calls, tell them I'm at home. (normal)
If either my friend or my sister call, tell them I'm at home. (informal)
(Se meu amigo ou minha irm‹ ligarem, diga para eles que estou em casa.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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3. NEITHER... NOR: Essa conjun‹o Ž usada para ligar duas ideias negativas.
I neither smoke nor drink.
(Eu n‹o fumo, nem bebo.)
Neither Felipe nor Caio passed the exam.
(Nem o Felipe, nem o Caio passaram na prova.)
My house is neither big nor small.
(A minha casa n‹o Ž nem grande, nem pequena.)
a) Quando mais de duas ideias estiverem ligadas por Òneither...norÓ, o
ÒneitherÓ n‹o pode iniciar diretamente a ora‹o:
He neither smiled, spoke, nor looked at me.
(Ele n‹o sorriu, n‹o falou, nem olhou para mim.)
(NUNCA: Neither he smiled...)
b) Quando usarmos Òneither...norÓ, o verbo concordar‡ com o substantivo que
o precede:
Neither Mary nor Sara went to the party.
(Nem a Mary, nem a Sara foi ˆ festa.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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AFTER depois que; logo que; ap—s
ALTHOUGH embora; apesar de
AS como; conforme; enquanto
AS IF como se
AS LONG AS desde que
BECAUSE porque
BEFORE antes
EVEN IF mesmo se
HOWEVER porŽm; entretanto; todavia;
contudo; n‹o obstante
IF se
IN SPITE OF apesar de
ONCE uma vez que; j‡ que;
OTHERWISE sen‹o; caso contr‡rio; do contr‡rio
SINCE uma vez que; j‡ que
SO THAT
de modo que; a fim de que; para
que
STILL contudo; todavia; no entanto
THEREFORE deste modo; sendo assim; assim;
portanto; consequentemente
UNLESS a menos que
UNTIL atŽ que
WHEN quando
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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WHERE onde
WHEREAS ao passo que; enquanto
WHENEVER sempre que
WHEREVER onde quer
WHILE enquanto; embora; ao passo que
1. AFTER (depois; ap—s)
I went home after work.
(Eu fui para casa depois do trabalho.)
After the party, we started talking.
(Depois da festa, comeamos a conversar.)
2. ALTHOUGH / THOUGH / EVEN THOUGH (apesar de (que); embora; ainda
que)
Although he was sick, he went out.
(Embora ele estivesse doente, ele saiu.)
He bought me a cake, even though I had told him I was on a diet.
(Ele comprou um bolo para mim, embora eu o tenha dito que estava de regime.)
Observa‹o: A conjun‹o ÒthoughÓ Ž mais usada na linguagem falada.
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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3. AS (enquanto; assim que; logo que; j‡ que; como; porque; ˆ medida que)
As you were out, I left a message.
(J‡ que/Como voc n‹o estava, deixei uma mensagem.)
As you know, Rafael is leaving soon.
(Como voc sabe, Rafael est‡ indo embora em breve.)	
4. AS IF / AS THOUGH (como se)
He behaved as if / as though nothing had happened.
(Ele se comportou como se nada tivesse acontecido.)
5. AS LONG AS / SO LONG AS / PROVIDED THAT (contanto que; desde que;
com a condi‹o de que)
We will go to the beach as long as / so long as the weather is good.
(Iremos para praia contanto que / desde que o tempo esteja bom.)
6. BECAUSE (porque, pois)
I went to France because my wife was studying there.
(Fui para a Frana porque minha esposa estava estudando l‡.)
I didn't buy the handbag because it was too expensive.
(N‹o comprei a bolsa porque era muito cara.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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A conjun‹o ÒbecauseÓ e a ora‹o dependente podem vir tanto antes como
depois da ora‹o independente ou principal.
I finished early because I worked fast.
(Terminei cedo porque trabalhei r‡pido.)
Because I worked fast, I finished early.
(Porque trabalhei r‡pido, terminei cedo.)
IMPORTANTE: ÒBecauseÓ Ž uma conjun‹o, mas Òbecause ofÓ Ž uma
preposi‹o.
Observe a diferena:
We were late because it rained.
(N—s est‡vamos atrasados porque choveu.)
(NUNCA: ...because of it rained.)
We were late because of the rain.
(N—s est‡vamos atrasados por causa da chuva.)
(NUNCA: ...because the rain.)
7. BEFORE (antes de; antes que)
I'll telephone you before I get home.
(Vou ligar para voc antes de chegar em casa.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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ÒNotwithstandingÓ Ž sin™nimo de ÒdespiteÓ e
Òinsipite ofÓ. Mas, nesses casos, exercer‡ a fun‹o
de preposi‹o.
10. IF (se; caso)
If it rains today, IÕll stay at home.
(Se chover/Caso chova hoje, eu ficarei em casa.)
You can stay for the weekend if you like.
(Voc pode ficar para o fim de semana se quiser/caso queira.)
11. ONCE (uma vez que; j‡ que; desde que; assim que; quando; depois que)
We didn't know how we would travel once the money had gone.
(N‹o sab’amos como viajar’amos uma vez que o dinheiro tinha acabado.)
Once he had gone, your sister arrived.
(Assim que ele saiu, sua irm‹ chegou.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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His mother is Italian, hence his name is Luca.
(Sua m‹e Ž italiana, por essa raz‹o seu nome Ž Luca.)
17. UNLESS (a menos que; a n‹o ser que; salvo se)
Unless some extra money is found, the theatre will close.
(A menos que algum dinheiro extra seja encontrado, o teatro vai fechar.)
She wonÕt go to sleep unless you tell her a story.
(Ela n‹o ir‡ dormir, a n‹o ser que voc a conte uma hist—ria.)
18. UNTIL / TILL (atŽ; atŽ que)
You are not going out until / till you've finished your homework.
(Voc n‹o vai sair atŽ que tenha terminado sua li‹o de casa.)
Until now I have always worked in the same company.
(AtŽ agora sempre trabalhei na mesma empresa.)
Observa‹o: Essas duas conjun›es possuem o mesmo significado, no entanto,
ÒtillÓ Ž considerada mais informal.
19. WHEN / BY THE TIME (quando)
She left her job when she knew she was pregnant.
(Ela saiu do emprego quando soube que estava gr‡vida.)
By the time I leave work, IÕll visit you.
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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ADVƒRBIOS Ð ADVERBS
Os advŽrbios s‹o palavras que modificam um verbo, um adjetivo ou um
outro advŽrbio.
a) Quando os advŽrbios modificam um verbo, eles s‹o respostas para trs
perguntas: How? (Como?), When? (Quando?) e Where? (Onde?).
Jeff walks carefully.
(Jeff caminha cuidadosamente.)
How does Jeff walks? Carefully.
(Como Jeff caminha? Cuidadosamente.)
Their dog never goes out.
(O cachorro deles nunca sai.)
When do their dog goes out? Never.
(Quando o cachorro deles sai? Nunca.)
IÕm going to travel to Italy.
(Vou viajar para a It‡lia.)
Where are you going to travel? To Italy.
(Para onde voc vai viajar? Para a It‡lia.)
b) Quando os advŽrbios modificam um adjetivo, servem como resposta ˆ
pergunta How? (Como?)
Jeff is especially carefull in the rain.
(Jeff Ž especialmente cauteloso na chuva.)
How careful is Jeff in the rain? Especially.
(Qu‹o cauteloso o Jeff Ž na chuva? Especialmente.)
c) Quando os advŽrbios modificam outro advŽrbio, funcionam como resposta ˆ
pergunta How? (Qu‹o?)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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He has a particularly successfully business.
(Ele possui uma empresa particularmente bem sucedida.)
How successfully is his business? Particularly.
(Qu‹o bem sucedida Ž a empresa dele? Particularmente.)
Alguns advŽrbios podem modificar outros elementos da ora‹o:
a) Um substantivo:
Only Marcelo finished the race.
(Somente Marcelo terminou a corrida.)
* Marcelo = substantivo, que foi modificado pelo advŽrbio ÒonlyÓ.
b) Uma locu‹o prepositiva:
He started speaking just in the nick of time.
(Ele comeou a falar bem na hora ÒhÓ.)
* "in the nick of time" = locu‹o prepositiva, modificada pelo advŽrbio
ÒjustÓ.
c) Um determinante (numeral ou pronome):
In Brazil, the new transit law has already decreased over fifty deaths a day.
(No Brazil, a nova lei de tr‰nsito j‡ reduziu mais de cinquenta mortes por dia.)
* fifty = numeral, sendo modificado por ÒoverÓ.
Almost everybody is at the meeting.
(Quase todo mundo est‡ na reuni‹o.)
* everybody = pronome, sendo modificado por ÒalmostÓ.
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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a) AdvŽrbios com mesma grafia que o respectivo adjetivo:
early - adiantado (adj.) ou cedo (adv.)
fast - r‡pido (adj.) ou rapidamente (adv.)
b) Adjetivos e advŽrbios, ambos com fun‹o de advŽrbio:
Quick ou quickly:
We bought it quick, before someone else could / We bought it quickly, before
someone else could.
(N—s compramos r‡pido, antes que outra pessoa conseguisse. / N—s compramos
rapidamente, antes que outra pessoa conseguisse.)
Bad ou badly:
He wants to marry her so bad. / He wants to marry her so badly.
(Ele quer muit’ssimo casar com ela.)									
																						
Easy ou easily:
He found my address too easy. / He found my address too easily.
(Ele encontrou o meu endereo muito f‡cil / facilmente.)
Loud ou loudly:
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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Do you really have to speak so loud? / Do you really have to speak so loudly?
(Voc tem mesmo que falar t‹o alto?)
Outras Regras de Forma‹o dos AdvŽrbios:
a) No caso dos adjetivos terminados em ÒyÓ, esse deve ser substitu’do por ÒiÓ
antes de receber o sufixo ÒlyÓ:
easy (f‡cil) - easily (facilmente)
heavy (pesado) - heavily (pesadamente)
lazy (prequioso) - lazily (preguiosamente)
happy (feliz, alegre) - happily (felizmente, alegremente)
b) No caso de adjetivos terminados em ÒleÓ, esse deve ser trocado por ÒlyÓ:
probable (prov‡vel) - probably (provavelmente)
simple (simples) - simply (simplesmente)
whole (inteiro, total, completo) - wholly (inteiramente, totalmente,
completamente)
horrible (horr’vel) - horribly (horrivelmente)
subtle (sutil) - subtly (sutilmente)
c) Os adjetivos terminados em ÒeÓ (desde que n‹o haja a letra ÒlÓ antes do ÒeÓ)
mantm o ÒeÓ e acrescentam o sufixo ÒlyÓ:
brave (bravo) - bravely (bravamente)
immediate (imediato) - immediately (imediatamente)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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Exce›es:
true (verdadeiro) - truly (verdadeiramente)
due (que se deve, devido, adequado, esperado) - duly (a tempo, pontualmente,
diretamente)
d) Os adjetivos terminados em ÒicÓ s‹o acrescidos do sufixo ÒallyÓ:
tragic (tr‡gico) - tragically (tragicamente)
specific (espec’fico) - specifically (especificamente)
romantic (rom‰ntico) - romantically (romanticamente)
automatic (autom‡tico) - automatically (automaticamente)
e) Caso o adjetivo j‡ termine em ÒlyÓ, o advŽrbio correspondente ser‡ idntico:
- Adjetivo ÒdailyÓ:
Maria has a busy daily routine.
(Maria tem uma rotina di‡ria ocupada.)
-AdvŽrbio ÒdailyÓ:
The newspaper is published daily.
(O jornal Ž publicado diariamente.)
Dicas para identificar advŽrbios e adjetivos:
1. Muitos advŽrbios possuem a mesma forma tanto para o adjetivo quanto para o
advŽrbio. Os advŽrbios do quadro abaixo tambŽm admitem o acrŽscimo do sufixo
ÒlyÓ, no entanto, h‡ altera‹o do seu sentido:
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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family (= fam’lia)
folly (= loucura, estupidez, tolice, besteira)
4. O advŽrbio ÒwellÓ Ž completamente diferente do adjetivo correspondente
ÒgoodÓ.
Maria works well as a doctor. / Maria is a good doctor.
(Maria trabalha bem como mŽdica. / Maria Ž uma boa mŽdica.)
Vitor drives very well. / Vitor is a very good driver.
(Vitor dirige muito bem. / Vitor Ž um motorista muito bom.)
4.1. Com os partic’pios deve-se utilizar ÒwellÓ e n‹o ÒgoodÓ, para formar os
substantivos compostos:
well-dressed (bem-vestido)
well-known (bem-conhecido)
well-paid (bem-pago)
well-educated (bem-educado)
4.2. ÒWellÓ pode exercer a fun‹o de adjetivo:
IÕm very well! Thank you.
(Eu estou muito bem! Obrigada.)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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just
somente, exatamente = adv. modo ou
recentemente, h‡ pouco = adv. tempo
stupdly estupidamente
brilliantly brilhantemente
loudly em voz alta
gracefully graciosamente
cleverly habilmente, com inteligncia
quietly com quietude, calmamente
vigorously vigorosamente
eagerly ansiosamente, avidamente
skillfully habilmente, com destreza
easily facilmente
slowly vagarosamente
wildly de forma selvagem, desordenadamente
leisurely sem pressa
lively energicamente
happily felizmente, alegremente
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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2. AdvŽrbios de Frequncia - Adverbs of Frequency
Observe, na tabela abaixo, que os advŽrbios de frequncia est‹o alinhados
do de maior probabilidade de acontecer (always = sempre) para o de
menor/nenhuma probabilidade de ocorrer (never = nunca):
100% always (sempre)
usually (geralmente)
frequently (frequentemente)
often (com frequncia)
50% sometimes (ˆs vezes)
occasionally (eventualmente)
rarely (raramente)
seldom (raramente)
hardly ever (quase nunca)
0% never (nunca)
Outros advŽrbios de frequncia:
daily (diariamente)
weekly (semanalmente)
monthly (mensalmente)
yearly (anualmente)
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
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now agora
afterwards mais tarde, em seguida
in September em setembro
last month ms passado
finally finalmente
before antes
after depois
already j‡
still ainda
yet j‡, ainda n‹o
just
recentemente, h‡ pouco = adv. tempo
ou somente, exatamente = adv. modo
immediately imediatemente
next week/month/year/century
na pr—xina semana, no pr—ximo
ms/ano/sŽculo
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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truthfully na verdade
unluckily por azar
luckily por sorte
simply simplesmente
kindly gentilmente, de bom grado
disappointingly de modo decepcionante, desapontador
bravely corajosamente
wisely sabiamente
stupidly estupidamente, de modo imbecil
foolishly de forma tola, insensata
unfortunately infelizmente
carelessly de forma desleixada, negligente
rightly com raz‹o
happily por sorte, felizmente
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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PROVAS TRADUZIDAS E COMENTADAS
îrg‹o: Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Mato Grosso (TRE/MT)
Cargo: Analista Judici‡rio (Especialidade: An‡lise de Sistemas)
Banca: CESPE
Ano: 2015
QUESTÌO 9
The systems analyst programmer is responsible for the
analysis, design, development and support of custom solutions
to support the judiciary and court staff. The position requires
independent work habits on complex technical programming
assignments and is responsible for independent problem
resolution. General supervision is received from a technical
supervisor who provides guidance in project assignments and
reviews work for achievement of desired results and objectives.
O programador analista de sistemas Ž respons‡vel pela
an‡lise, design, desenvolvimento e suporte de solu›es
personalizadas para apoiar o judici‡rio e os funcion‡rios do
tribunal. A posi‹o requer h‡bitos de trabalho independentes em
rela‹o ˆs atribui›es sobre tŽcnicas de programa‹o complexas
e Ž respons‡vel pela resolu‹o de problemas independentes. A
supervis‹o geral Ž recebida de um supervisor tŽcnico, que
fornece orienta‹o em atribui›es do projeto e avalia›es de
trabalho para a obten‹o dos resultados e objetivos desejados.
The duties of a systems analyst programmer working in a
court include: meeting with judiciary, court staff and other
agencies to identify business process improvements; gathering
project requirements; assisting users in defining needs;
proposing solutions which will meet the userÕs needs;
determining the need for new software, evaluating alternatives,
and developing or acquiring suitable programs; testing,
debugging, and implementing these programs; and maintaining
documentation for them.
Ingls p/ AFT 2017
Prof
a
Marina Marcondes e Prof. Roberto Witte Ð Aula 01	
	
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partes n‹o podem encontrar por si s—s. Ele gera a confiana
pœblica honrando argumentos com novas solu›es, e esta tarefa
fundamental deve ser apoiada pela utiliza‹o proporcional e
adequada da tecnologia, nunca reduzida. Nesse sentido, as
organiza›es judici‡rias precisam prestar muita aten‹o ˆs suas
pol’ticas de tecnologia da informa‹o para garantir que a justia
seja cumprida.
Public guidelines for frequently occurring decisions can
fulfil the need for consistency. Automating the guidelines can be
a next step. Public guidelines can reduce the number of points
in dispute, and perhaps even entire disputes, to be put before
the judge. Thus, increasing consistency also shortens
turnaround time.
As diretrizes pœblicas para as decis›es frequentes podem
satisfazer a necessidade de coerncia. Automatizar as diretrizes
pode ser o pr—ximo passo. As diretrizes pœblicas podem reduzir
o nœmero de pontos de conflito, e talvez atŽ mesmo lit’gios
inteiros, para serem colocados diante do juiz. Assim,
crescimento com consistncia tambŽm reduz o tempo de
resposta.
There is more to this than just implementing technology,
however. Developing routines and public guidelines require
active work on the part of the judges and their staff in the
courts. Judiciaries need to be responsible for their own
performance as administrators of justice.
De qualquer forma, h‡ muito alŽm do que apenas a
implementa‹o de tecnologia. O desenvolvimento de rotinas e
diretrizes pœblicas exige trabalho ativo por parte dos ju’zes e
seus funcion‡rios nos tribunais. Judici‡rios precisam ser
respons‡veis pelo seu pr—prio desempenho como
administradores da justia.
Internet: <http://home.hccnet.nl> (adapted).
Internet:<http://home.hccnet.nl> (adaptado).
QUESTÌO 10
Based on the text, chose the correct option.
Com base no texto, escolha a op‹o correta.
A People do not trust new solutions from the part of the courts.
As pessoas n‹o confiam em novas solu›es por partedos tribunais.
B The use of technology is enough to guarantee the basic role of the judiciary.
O uso da tecnologia Ž suficiente para garantir o papel fundamental do
judici‡rio.
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This text refers to the next two questions
Este texto refere-se ˆs pr—ximas duas perguntas
Systems developers maintain, audit and improve
organisational support systems by working on the internal
operations of computers, using existing systems or
incorporating new technologies to meet particular needs, often
as advised by a systems analyst or architect. They test both
hard and software systems, and diagnose and resolve system
faults.
Os desenvolvedores de sistemas mantm, auditam e
aperfeioam os sistemas de apoio organizacionais, trabalhando
em opera›es internas de computadores, utilizando os sistemas
de computadores existentes ou incorporando novas tecnologias
para atender necessidades espec’ficas, muitas vezes como
aconselhado por um analista ou arquiteto de sistemas. Eles
testam ambos sistemas de hardware e software, diagnosticam e
resolvem falhas do sistema.
Their role also covers writing diagnostic programs,
designing, and writing code for operating systems and software
to ensure efficiency. When required, they make
recommendations for future developments. Depending on the
type of organisation, developers can become either systems or
applications specialists.
Seu papel tambŽm abrange programas de diagn—stico
escritos, concep‹o e c—digo escrito para sistemas operacionais
e software para garantir a eficincia. Quando necess‡rio, eles
fazem recomenda›es para desenvolvimentos futuros.
Dependendo do tipo de organiza‹o, os desenvolvedores podem
se tornar especialistas em sistemas ou em aplica›es.
The work undertaken by systems developers is generally
of a highly complex and technical nature, and involves the
application of computer science and mathematics in an
environment which is constantly evolving due to technological
advances and the strategic direction of their organisation.
O trabalho realizado por desenvolvedores de sistemas Ž
geralmente de uma natureza altamente complexa e tŽcnica, e
envolve a aplica‹o da cincia da computa‹o e da matem‡tica
em um ambiente que est‡ em constante evolu‹o devido aos
avanos tecnol—gicos e ˆ dire‹o estratŽgica da sua
organiza‹o.
Internet: (adapted).
Internet: (adaptado).
QUESTÌO 10
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Se as pessoas sempre lhe dizem que voc Ž bom "em
encontrar falhas", ent‹o o trabalho de analista judici‡rio Ž para
voc. Seu olhar aguado para a imperfei‹o Ž colocado ˆ prova
ˆ medida que voc observar as pr‡ticas e pol’ticas judiciais, em
seguida far‡ recomenda›es sobre como corrig’-las.
Flaw finding does not stop there, as court analysts also
work to find ways to save money. Court systems are funded
13 with government money, and eliminating wasteful
government spending is not just a catchphrase. If you become a
court analyst, you will analyse budget expenditures to identify
16 ways to reduce costs while keeping customer service or the
judicial process flowing smoothly.
A descoberta de defeito n‹o encerra por a’, conforme os
analistas judici‡rios encontrem maneiras de economizar
dinheiro. Sistemas judiciais s‹o financiados com dinheiro do
governo e a elimina‹o do desperd’cio pœblico n‹o Ž apenas um
slogan. Se voc se tornar um analista judici‡rio, voc vai avaliar
os gastos do oramento para identificar formas de reduzir
custos enquanto mantŽm o servio ao cliente ou o processo
judicial fluindo normalmente.
Prepare your eyes for countless hours of research as you
19 pore over data and statistics related to operational
procedures and expenditures. The information you gather is
used to support efficient recommendations made to court
22 administrators.
Prepare seus olhos para incont‡veis horas de pesquisa ˆ
medida que voc se aprofundar sobre dados e estat’sticas
relacionados aos procedimentos operacionais e ˆs despesas. A
informa‹o que voc recolhe Ž usada para sustentar
recomenda›es eficientes feitas para os administradores
judiciais.
Writing and presentation skills are a must as well to
compile your recommendations and supporting evidence. Your
25 reports are critical as a summary of your findings, and
should reflect your expertise.
Escrita e habilidades de apresenta‹o s‹o uma obriga‹o,
assim como para compilar suas recomenda›es e elementos de
prova. Os seus relat—rios s‹o cr’ticos como um resumo de suas
descobertas e devem refletir a sua per’cia.
Internet: <http://www.insidejobs.com> (adapted).
Internet:<http://www.insidejobs.com>(adaptado).
It can be correctly deduced from the text that a court analyst
Pode ser corretamente deduzido do texto que um analista judici‡rio
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îrg‹o: MinistŽrio do Planejamento, Oramento e Gest‹o (MPOG)
Cargo: Especialista em Pol’ticas Pœblicas e Gest‹o Governamental
(EPPGG)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2013
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the text below:
As perguntas 1 a 5 referem-se ao texto abaixo:
Why Some State Immigration Laws are Welcoming but
Others are Downright Hostile
Por que algumas Leis de Imigra‹o dos Estados s‹o acolhedoras
mas outras s‹o absolutamente hostis
1. Immigration policy reform has become a topic of almost
daily national debate. Businesses, consumers, employers, labor
unions, law enforcement officers, higher education officials, and
not to mention immigrants themselves, all have something at
stake in immigration policy reform. All of the recent discussion
of immigration policy at the national level makes it easy to
forget that significant changes have already been made in
immigration policy at the state level, many of which will likely
affect the policy discourse and the nature of any policy changes
at the national level. As the nation considers how to move
forward with immigration policy reform, we should first
understand how we got to this point. What has shaped
immigration policy changes at the state level in the last decade?
1. A reforma da pol’tica de imigra‹o tornou-se um tema de
debate nacional praticamente di‡rio. As empresas,
consumidores, empregadores, sindicatos, agentes policiais,
funcion‡rios de ensino superior e, para n‹o mencionar os
pr—prios imigrantes, todos tm algo em jogo na reforma da
pol’tica de imigra‹o. Toda a discuss‹o recente da pol’tica de
imigra‹o em ‰mbito nacional faz com que seja f‡cil esquecer
que mudanas significativas j‡ foram realizadas na pol’tica de
imigra‹o em n’vel estadual, muitas das quais provavelmente
afetar‹o o discurso pol’tico e a natureza de quaisquer mudanas
de pol’tica em n’vel nacional. Enquanto o pa’s considera como
avanar com a reforma da pol’tica de imigra‹o, devemos
primeiro entender como chegamos a este ponto. O que moldou
as mudanas na pol’tica de imigra‹o a n’vel estadual na œltima
dŽcada?
2. Using an analysis of all 50 states, James Monogan, a
political scientist at the University of Georgia, finds that
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immigration policy is affected most by legislative
professionalism, electoral ideology, state wealth, and change in
the foreignborn population. Specifically, the more professional a
legislature is, the more likely they are to enact welcoming laws
toward immigrants, which Monogan suggestsis likely because
career politicians in these legislatures are more concerned with
their future electoral prospects than those in less professional
legislatures. In other words, state legislators are mindful of how
opponents could garner votes in the next election and they
consider this when voting on immigration policy. Not
surprisingly, states with a more liberal electorate are more likely
to take a welcoming stance on immigration policy, suggesting
that policy makers are somewhat responsive to public opinion.
Economics and demographics also play a role, as states with a
higher per capita gross state product tend to pass more
welcoming laws towards immigrants while states experiencing
an increase in the foreign-born population tend to pass policies
that are more hostile towards immigrants.
2. Utilizando uma an‡lise de todos os 50 estados, James
Monogan, um cientista pol’tico da Universidade da Georgia,
considera que a pol’tica de imigra‹o Ž mais afetada pelo
profissionalismo legislativo, pela ideologia eleitoral, pela riqueza
do estado e pelas mudanas na popula‹o estrangeira.
Especificamente, quanto mais profissional Ž uma legislatura,
mais prov‡vel Ž a promulga‹o de leis receptivas aos
imigrantes, que Monogan sugere ser prov‡vel porque os
pol’ticos de carreira nestas legislaturas est‹o mais preocupados
com suas perspectivas eleitorais futuras do que aqueles em
legislaturas menos profissionais. Em outras palavras, os
legisladores estaduais est‹o conscientes de como os advers‡rios
poderiam angariar votos na pr—xima elei‹o e consideram isto
quando votam sobre a pol’tica de imigra‹o. N‹o
surpreendentemente, os estados com um eleitorado mais liberal
s‹o mais propensos a adotar uma postura amig‡vel na pol’tica
de imigra‹o, o que sugere que os legisladores sejam
ligeiramente sens’veis ˆ opini‹o pœblica. Economia e demografia
tambŽm desempenham um papel, tendo em vista que estados
com maior produto interno bruto estadual per capita tendem a
aprovar leis mais favor‡veis aos imigrantes, enquanto os
estados que sofreram um aumento na popula‹o de
estrangeiros tendem a aprovar pol’ticas mais hostis aos
imigrantes.
3. These results are quite interesting as they suggest that
immigration policy is a function of the professional nature of a
stateÕs legislature, public opinion in the state, overall state
economic conditions, and state demographics. MonoganÕs
results offer a clear picture of how states have chosen to make
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A cooling consensus
Um consenso refrescante
Global warming has slowed. The rate of warming over the past
15 years has been lower than that of the preceding 20 years.
There is no serious doubt that our planet continues to heat, but
it has heated less than most climate scientists had predicted.
Nate Cohn of the New Republic reports: "Since 1998, the
warmest year of the twentieth century, temperatures have not
kept up with computer models that seemed to project steady
warming; theyÕre perilously close to falling beneath even the
lowest projections".
O aquecimento global tem desacelerado. A taxa de aquecimento
ao longo dos œltimos 15 anos tem sido menor do que a dos 20
anos anteriores. N‹o h‡ dœvida consider‡vel de que o nosso
planeta continua a aquecer, mas tem aquecido menos do que a
maioria dos cientistas clim‡ticos tinham previsto. Nate Cohn da
Nova Repœblica relata: "Desde 1998, o ano mais quente do
sŽculo XX, as temperaturas n‹o acompanharam os modelos de
computador que pareciam projetar o aquecimento constante;
eles est‹o perigosamente perto de cair abaixo atŽ mesmo das
mais baixas proje›es".
Mr Cohn does his best to affirm that the urgent necessity of
acting to retard warming has not abated, as does Brad Plumer
of the Washington Post, as does this newspaper. But there's no
way around the fact that this reprieve for the planet is bad news
for proponents of policies, such as carbon taxes and emissions
treaties, meant to slow warming by moderating the release of
greenhouse gases. The reality is that the already meagre
prospects of these policies, in America at least, will be
devastated if temperatures do fall outside the lower bound of
the projections that environmentalists have used to create a
panicked sense of emergency. Whether or not dramatic climate-
policy interventions remain advisable, they will become harder,
if not impossible, to sell to the public, which will feel, not
unreasonably, that the scientific and media establishment has
cried wolf.
O senhor Cohn faz o seu melhor para afirmar que a necessidade
urgente de agir para retardar o aquecimento n‹o diminuiu,
assim como Brad Plumer do Washington Post e como faz este
jornal. Mas n‹o h‡ maneira de contornar o fato de que este
al’vio para o planeta Ž uma m‡ not’cia para os defensores de
pol’ticas, tais como impostos sobre o carbono e tratados de
emiss›es, destinados a reduzir o aquecimento, atravŽs da
modera‹o da libera‹o de gases de efeito estufa. A realidade Ž
que as perspectivas escassas dessas pol’ticas, na AmŽrica pelo
menos, ser‹o devastadas se as temperaturas ficarem fora do
limite inferior das proje›es que os ambientalistas tm utilizado
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îrg‹o: Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN)
Cargo: Analista de Finanas e Controle (AFC)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2013
Questions 59 to 62 refer to the text below:
As perguntas 59 a 62 referem-se ao texto abaixo:
Recruiters eye Brics to build business
Recrutadores de olho nos Brics para construir neg—cios
BrazilÕs dream of shedding its middle-income status is over,
some Bric observers have said. But to UK recruitment agencies,
the South American powerhouse still offers something that is
much harder to find close to home Ð huge growth potential.
Although BrazilÕs gross domestic product is estimated to have
notched up less than 1 per cent growth in 2012, UK recruitment
groups are still opening offices there and expanding deeper into
the region.
O sonho do Brasil eliminar seu status de classe mŽdia acabou,
disseram alguns observadores do Bric. Mas, para as agncias de
recrutamento no Reino Unido, a potncia sul-americana ainda
oferece algo que Ž muito mais dif’cil de encontrar perto de casa
- um enorme potencial de crescimento. Embora estime-se que o
produto interno bruto do Brasil tenha alcanado menos de 1%
em 2012, os grupos de recrutamento do Reino Unido ainda
est‹o abrindo escrit—rios l‡ e aprofundando a expans‹o na
regi‹o.
ÒYou will get these hiccups along the way,Ó says Steve Ingham,
chief executive of recruitment agency PageGroup (formerly
Michael Page International). ÒThe economy wonÕt always be as
strong, but we will continue to invest through the cycle such
that our endgame is to have a lot more offices and a lot more
people in [Latin America].Ó
"Voc vai ter esses tropeos ao longo do caminho", diz Steve
Ingham, executivo-chefe da agncia de recrutamento
PageGroup (anteriormente Michael Page International). "A
economia n‹o ser‡ sempre t‹o forte, mas continuaremos a
investir ao longo do ciclo de modo que o nosso jogo final Ž ter
muito mais escrit—rios e muito mais pessoas na [AmŽrica
Latina]."
His company was one of the first big UK recruiters to enter the
region, about 13 years ago. There are now more than a dozen
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offices and about 600 staff in Latin America operating under
PageGroup. Almost 10 per cent of PageGroupÕs business is
generated in the region but Mr Ingham Òeasily imaginesÓ that
rising to a fifth in thenear future. ÒOur expectations are
enormousÓ he says, highlighting the potential beyond Brazil, in
countries such as Mexico and Chile. ÒWeÕre not just depending
on Brazil [to generate fees] any more.Ó
Sua empresa foi uma das primeiras grandes recrutadores do
Reino Unido a entrar na regi‹o, h‡ cerca de 13 anos atr‡s.
Existem hoje mais de uma dœzia de escrit—rios e cerca de 600
funcion‡rios na AmŽrica Latina operando sob o PageGroup.
Quase 10 por cento dos neg—cios do PageGroup Ž gerado na
regi‹o, mas o Sr. Ingham "facilmente imagina" atingir um
quinto no futuro pr—ximo. "Nossas expectativas s‹o enormes",
diz ele, destacando o potencial, alŽm do Brasil, de pa’ses como
MŽxico e Chile. "N—s n‹o estamos mais dependendo apenas do
Brasil [para gerar remunera›es]."
Other recruiters have followed suit, as part of their expansion
away from the saturated UK market to fastergrowing economies
in Asia and beyond. Hays recently opened offi ces in Colombia
and Chile, and Brazil is already the sixth-largest country in the
group, based on net fees.
Outros recrutadores tm seguido o exemplo, como parte de sua
expans‹o fora do mercado saturado do Reino Unido para
economias de crescimento r‡pido na çsia e alŽm. Hays
inaugurou recentemente escrit—rios na Col™mbia e no Chile e o
Brasil j‡ Ž o sexto maior pa’s do grupo, com base em
remunera›es l’quidas.
Source: Vanessa Kortekaas, Financial Times, February 4, 2013
Fonte: Vanessa Kortekaas, Financial Times, 04 de fevereiro de 2013
59- The overall purpose of the text is to show that the UK recruitment
industry
O objetivo geral do texto Ž demonstrar que a indœstria de recrutamento no
Reino Unido
a) is expanding operations across Brics countries.
est‡ expandindo suas opera›es em todos os pa’ses dos Brics.
b) is shifting its investments away from Brazil.
est‡ deslocando seus investimentos para fora do Brasil.
c) expects growing business in Latin America.
tem a expectativa de um crescimento dos neg—cios na AmŽrica Latina.
d) has lost hope in the domestic market altogether.
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To answer this, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), a sister
company of The Economist, has this time turned deadly serious.
It earnestly attempts to measure which country will provide the
best opportunities for a healthy, safe and prosperous life in the
years ahead. Its quality-of-life index links the results of
subjective life-satisfaction surveys Ñ how happy people say
they are Ñ to objective determinants of the quality of life across
countries. Being rich helps more than anything else, but it is not
all that counts; things like crime, trust in public institutions and
the health of family life matter too. In all, the index takes 11
statistically signifi cant indicators into account.
Para responder isso, a Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), uma
empresa irm‹ do The Economist, desta vez tornou-se
fatalmente sŽria. Ela tenta sinceramente mensurar qual pa’s ir‡
fornecer as melhores oportunidades para uma vida saud‡vel,
segura e pr—spera nos anos seguintes. Seu ’ndice de qualidade
de vida vincula os resultados das pesquisas subjetivas de
satisfa‹o de vida Ð o qu‹o felizes as pessoas dizem que s‹o Ð a
determinantes objetivos da qualidade de vida entre os pa’ses.
Ser rico ajuda mais do que qualquer outra coisa, mas n‹o Ž
tudo o que importa; fatores como crime, confiana nas
institui›es pœblicas e saœde da vida familiar tambŽm importam.
Ao todo, o ’ndice leva em considera‹o 11 indicadores
estatisticamente significativos.
What does all this, and likely developments in the years to
come, mean for where a baby might be luckiest to be born in
2013? After crunching its numbers, the EIU has Switzerland
comfortably in the top spot, with Australia second. Small
economies dominate the top ten. Half of these are European,
but only one, the Netherlands, is from the euro zone. The Nordic
countries shine, whereas the crisis-ridden south of Europe
(Greece, Portugal and Spain) lags behind despite the advantage
of a favourable climate. The largest European economies
(Germany, France and Britain) do not do particularly well.
O que tudo isso e a prov‡vel evolu‹o nos pr—ximos anos
significam para definir onde um beb pode ser mais sortudo de
ter nascido em 2013? Depois de muitos c‡lculos, a EIU tem a
Su’a confortavelmente em primeiro lugar, com a Austr‡lia em
segundo. As pequenas economias dominam os dez favoritos.
Metade deles s‹o europeus, mas apenas um, a Holanda, Ž
origin‡rio da zona do euro. Os pa’ses n—rdicos brilham,
enquanto o sul da Europa em crise (GrŽcia, Portugal e Espanha)
fica para tr‡s, apesar da vantagem de um clima favor‡vel. As
maiores economias da Europa (Alemanha, Frana e Gr‹-
Bretanha) n‹o desempenham muito bem.
America, where babies will inherit the large debts of the boomer
generation, languishes back in 16th place. Despite their
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îrg‹o: MinistŽrio do Planejamento, Oramento e Gest‹o (MPOG)
Cargo: Analista TŽcnico de Pol’ticas Sociais
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2012
Read the text below entitled ÒFacing headwinds, Dilma changes
courseÓ so as to answer questions 46 and 47:
Leia o texto abaixo intitulado "Enfrentando ventos contr‡rios,
Dilma muda de rumo", de modo a responder ˆs perguntas 46 e
47:
Facing headwinds, Dilma changes course
Enfrentando ventos contr‡rios, Dilma muda de rumo
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted) Aug 18th, 2012
Fonte: www.economist.com (adaptado), 18 de agosto de 2012
The government announces plans to privatise
infrastructure, and disappoints striking bureaucrats. In recent
years Brazil's government has been able to avoid tough
spending choices. Faster economic growth and falling tax
evasion have translated into steadily rising revenues, allowing
the federal government to hire more workers and pay them
more, as well as to boost pensions and social transfers. But the
fat times are over. In 2011 economic growth was only 2.7%;
this year 2% looks optimistic. Tax revenues are rising only a
little faster than inflation. The government can no longer satisfy
everyone.
O governo anuncia planos para privatizar a infra-estrutura
e decepciona burocratas marcantes. Nos œltimos anos, o
governo do Brasil tem sido capaz de evitar decis›es dif’ceis em
rela‹o aos gastos. Um crescimento econ™mico mais r‡pido e a
evas‹o fiscal em queda se traduziram em constante aumento
das receitas, permitindo ao governo federal contratar mais
trabalhadores e pagar-lhes mais, bem como aumentar as
pens›es e transferncias sociais. Mas, a Žpoca das vacas gordas
acabou. Em 2011, o crescimento econ™mico foi de apenas
2,7%; este ano 2% parece otimista. As receitas fiscais est‹o
aumentando apenas um pouco mais r‡pido do que a infla‹o. O
governo j‡ n‹o pode satisfazer todos.
The noisiest demands come from public-sector workers.
Teachers at federal universities have been on strike for three
months; they have recently been joined by federal police, tax
officials and staff at some regulatory agencies. The
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10 anos, o pa’s tinha acabado de eleger o seu primeiro
presidente de esquerda, Luiz In‡cio "Lula" da Silva. Tanto o
c‰mbio, quanto a bolsa de valores estavam em queda livre,
enquanto os investidores se assustavam.
Lula's first term in office combined cautious economic
orthodoxy and some critical social reforms. The minimum wage
was raised significantly and an innovative cash transfer called
Bolsa Fam’lia introducedfor poor families. A start was also
made in reforming the Brazilian justice system. At the same
time the government kept an eye on public spending, ran a
primary budget surplus and began to reduce the national debt.
O primeiro mandato de Lula conjugou ortodoxia econ™mica
cautelosa e algumas reformas sociais essenciais. O sal‡rio
m’nimo foi elevado significativamente e uma transferncia
financeira inovadora chamada de Bolsa Fam’lia foi introduzida
para as fam’lias pobres. A largada tambŽm foi dada na reforma
do sistema de justia brasileiro. Ao mesmo tempo, o governo
manteve se manteve atento aos gastos pœblicos, registrou um
super‡vit prim‡rio e comeou a reduzir a d’vida nacional.
These days the scenario has been changing. Economic
growth stalled last year, choked by a hugely overvalued
currency. This year looks even worse, as export demand has
been hit by the global recession. While the government's
success in reducing its still astronomically high inequality was a
spur to domestic demand, economic growth was underpinned by
the export of primary commodities such as soya, coffee and iron
ore.
Esses dias, o cen‡rio foi mudando. O crescimento
econ™mico estagnou no ano passado, sufocado por uma moeda
extremamente sobrevalorizada. Este ano parece ainda pior, j‡
que a demanda de exporta‹o foi atingida pela recess‹o global.
Enquanto o sucesso do governo em reduzir a sua ainda
astronomicamente grande desigualdade foi um est’mulo ˆ
demanda interna, o crescimento econ™mico foi impulsionado
pela exporta‹o de produtos prim‡rios como soja, cafŽ e
minŽrio de ferro.
48- In paragraph 1, the noun trepidation translates many Brazilians'
feeling of
No primeiro par‡grafo, o substantivo apreens‹o traduz o sentimento de
muitos brasileiros
a) sheer joy.
de pura alegria.
b) fear, or nervousness.
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PROVAS ANTERIORES
îrg‹o: Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Mato Grosso (TRE/MT)
Cargo: Analista Judici‡rio (Especialidade: An‡lise de Sistemas)
Banca: CESPE
Ano: 2015
QUESTÌO 9
The systems analyst programmer is responsible for the
analysis, design, development and support of custom solutions
to support the judiciary and court staff. The position requires
independent work habits on complex technical programming
assignments and is responsible for independent problem
resolution. General supervision is received from a technical
supervisor who provides guidance in project assignments and
reviews work for achievement of desired results and
objectives.
The duties of a systems analyst programmer working in
a court include: meeting with judiciary, court staff and other
agencies to identify business process improvements;
gathering project requirements; assisting users in defining
needs; proposing solutions which will meet the userÕs needs;
determining the need for new software, evaluating
alternatives, and developing or acquiring suitable programs;
testing, debugging, and implementing these programs; and
maintaining documentation for them.
Internet:<www.ncsc.org>(adapted).
The systems analyst programmer
A is in charge of collecting project requirements.
B defines needs and proposes solutions.
C must be able to find out the need for a new software whenever he is asked
to.
D should avoid evaluating developing suitable programs.
E meets with judiciary to evaluate business process improvements.
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This text refers to the next two questions
In the short term, the justice system can gain
consistency by striving for standardization and by publishing
the result of that effort. Broadly speaking, the court system
resolves disputes by providing answers where the parties
themselves cannot find them. It generates public trust by
honouring arguments with new solutions, and this
fundamental task must be supported by proportional and
adequate use of technology, never reduced. In this sense,
judicial organizations need to pay serious attention to their
information technology policies to guarantee that justice is
served.
Public guidelines for frequently occurring decisions can
fulfil the need for consistency. Automating the guidelines can
be a next step. Public guidelines can reduce the number of
points in dispute, and perhaps even entire disputes, to be put
before the judge. Thus, increasing consistency also shortens
turnaround time.
There is more to this than just implementing
technology, however. Developing routines and public
guidelines require active work on the part of the judges and
their staff in the courts. Judiciaries need to be responsible for
their own performance as administrators of justice.
Internet: <http://home.hccnet.nl> (adapted).
QUESTÌO 10
Based on the text, chose the correct option.
A People do not trust new solutions from the part of the courts.
B The use of technology is enough to guarantee the basic role of the judiciary.
C Judicial organizations need to introduce technology policies.
D At present, justice is yet to get the necessary degree of due consistency.
E Parties always need justice to provide answers to their disputes.
QUESTÌO 11
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According to the text, public guidelines
A show that judges and their staff are responsible for the administration of
justice.
B will increase the amount of time needed for a court decision.
C can become automated for frequent decisions.
D solve the points in dispute.
E have the power to certainly reduce entire disputes.
îrg‹o: Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Mato Grosso (TRE/MT)
Cargo: TŽcnico Judici‡rio (Especialidade: Programa‹o de Sistemas)
Banca: CESPE
Ano: 2015
QUESTÌO 9
The system programmer installs, customizes, and
maintains the operating system, and also installs or upgrades
products that run on the system.
The system programmer might be presented with the
latest version of the operating system to upgrade the existing
systems. Alternatively, the installation might be as simple as
upgrading a single program.
The system programmer must be skilled at debugging
problems with system software. These problems are often
captured in a copy of the computerÕs memory contents called
a dump, which the system produces in response to a failing
software product, user job, or transaction. Armed with a dump
and specialized debugging tools, the system programmer can
determine where the components have failed. When the error
has occurred in a software product, the system programmer
works directly with the software vendorÕs support
representatives to discover whether the problemÕs cause is
known and whether a patch is available.
Internet: (adapted).
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According to the text, system programmers
A have to work to create a patch when the cause for a software problem is
unknown.
B are supposed to fix system components which present bugs.
C should contact the software salesperson, who will correct eventual errors.
D must be able to deal with bug problems presented by a system software.
E should register software problems in a dump.
This text refers to the next two questions
Systems developers maintain, audit and improve
organisational support systems by working on the internal
operations of computers, using existing systems or
incorporating new technologies to meet particular needs, often
as advised by a systems analystor architect. They test both
hard and software systems, and diagnose and resolve system
faults.
Their role also covers writing diagnostic programs,
designing, and writing code for operating systems and
software to ensure efficiency. When required, they make
recommendations for future developments. Depending on the
type of organisation, developers can become either systems or
applications specialists.
The work undertaken by systems developers is
generally of a highly complex and technical nature, and
involves the application of computer science and mathematics
in an environment which is constantly evolving due to
technological advances and the strategic direction of their
organisation.
Internet: (adapted).
QUESTÌO 10
According to the text, the tasks of a systems developer include
A deciding on the strategic policy of the organization.
B advising their superiors on systematic management flaws.
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C improving the internal operations of computers.
D creating new technologies to meet particular needs.
E indicating future developments for software and systems.
QUESTÌO 11
According to text, systems developers
A have views which conflict with those of the systems analysts.
B are puzzled by constant technological advances.
C should have some skills in math.
D guarantee the organization efficacy.
E are never involved in highly difficult technical jobs.
îrg‹o: Tribunal de Justia do Distrito Federal e dos Territ—rios
(TJDFT)
Cargo: TŽcnico Judici‡rio (Especialidade: Programa‹o de Sistemas)
Banca: CESPE
Ano: 2015
This text refers to the items from 27 through 36.
1 In the United States, most data processing technician
jobs require at most a high school diploma. For those who
start work immediately after high school, training is usually
provided 4 on the job. For those positions that do
not require a high school education, experience in the data
processing and entry field is usually cited as a minimum
qualification.
7 A good grasp of basic English skills is important for
technician positions. Solid proficiency in math and science
may also be useful for jobs in which technical material or
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statistical 10 reports are processed.
There is a variety of ways to gain the working skills for
a data processing job. High schools, vocational schools, na
13 community colleges have classes that teach basic clerical
and administrative skills such as word processing and
database management, in addition to the traditional English,
math, and 16 science courses that are usually
offered. There are also at-home tutorials online and in books
and tapes that teach similar skills.
19 Technicians need to possess good communication skills,
be able to function in a fast-paced environment and adapt to
new technologies quickly. Their job may involve being able to
work well with team members as well as independently.
Internet:<http://study.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the items below.
27 A sound knowledge of English is highly important for technician positions.
28 Data processing technician jobs demand at least a high school diploma.
29 In line 3, ÒimmediatelyÓ means soon after leaving.
30 Some in-house training must be available for those who begin working just
after leaving school.
31 In some cases, it is necessary to have experience in the data processing.
According to the text, it can be correctly concluded that
32 technicians are expected to be able to keep up with new technologies.
33 considerable knowledge of math may be helpful if the job
requires dealing with technical material or statistical reports.
34 some institutions teach basic clerical and administrative skills
like word processing and database management.
35 traditional teaching can substitute for at-home tutorials, book and tapes.
36 technicians should have social skills.
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îrg‹o: Tribunal de Justia do Distrito Federal e dos Territ—rios
(TJDFT)
Cargo: Analista Judici‡rio (Especialidades: An‡lise de Sistemas e
Suporte em Tecnologia da Informa‹o)
Banca: CESPE
Ano: 2015
This text refers to the items from 27 through 36.
1 An interest in the legal process and finding flaws makes
you the perfect candidate for a court analyst position.
Responsible for sifting through court procedures with a fine-
4 tooth comb, a court analyst finds ways to improve the
efficiency of the court.
If people always tell you that you are good Òat finding
7 flawsÓ, then the job of court analyst is the one for you. Your
keen eye for imperfection is put to the test as you observe
court practices and policies, then make recommendations on
10 how to fix them.
Flaw finding does not stop there, as court analysts also
work to find ways to save money. Court systems are funded
13 with government money, and eliminating wasteful
government spending is not just a catchphrase. If you become
a court analyst, you will analyse budget expenditures to
16 identify ways to reduce costs while keeping customer
service or the judicial process flowing smoothly.
Prepare your eyes for countless hours of research as
19 you pore over data and statistics related to operational
procedures and expenditures. The information you gather is
used to support efficient recommendations made to court
22 administrators.
Writing and presentation skills are a must as well to
compile your recommendations and supporting evidence. Your
25 reports are critical as a summary of your findings, and
should reflect your expertise.
Internet:<http://www.insidejobs.com> (adapted).
It can be correctly deduced from the text that a court analyst
27 is expected to find ways to ban costs.
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28 is supposed to work with the aim of maintaining the steady
flow of the judicial process.
29 should be interested in finding out faults in the legal processes.
30 is the sole responsible for the technical improvement of court activities.
According to the text, judge the following items.
31 The analyst ought to be a researcher.
32 The information collected by the analyst is a useful tool for the court
administrators.
33 Being able to write well is a recommended ability for a court analyst.
34 The analystÕs report should present harsh criticism.
35 In line 3, the expression Òsifting throughÓ means examining information or
documents to find what one is looking for.
36 The analysts are supposed to examine data and statistics carefully and in a
lot of details.
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îrg‹o: MinistŽrio do Planejamento, Oramento e Gest‹o (MPOG)
Cargo: Especialista em Pol’ticas Pœblicas e Gest‹o Governamental
(EPPGG)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2013
Questions 1 to 5 refer to the text below:
Why Some State Immigration Laws are Welcoming but
Others are Downright Hostile
Immigration policy reform has become a topic of almost
daily national debate. Businesses, consumers, employers,
labor unions, law enforcement offi cers, higher education offi
cials, and not to mention immigrants themselves, all have
something at stake in immigration policy reform. All of the
recent discussion of immigration policy at the national level
makes it easy to forget thatsignifi cant changes have already
been made in immigration policy at the state level, many of
which will likely affect the policy discourse and the nature of
any policy changes at the national level. As the nation
considers how to move forward with immigration policy
reform, we should first understand how we got to this point.
What has shaped immigration policy changes at the state level
in the last decade?
Using an analysis of all 50 states, James Monogan, a
political scientist at the University of Georgia, finds that
immigration policy is affected most by legislative
professionalism, electoral ideology, state wealth, and change
in the foreignborn population. Specifically, the more
professional a legislature is, the more likely they are to enact
welcoming laws toward immigrants, which Monogan suggests
is likely because career politicians in these legislatures are
more concerned with their future electoral prospects than
those in less professional legislatures. In other words, state
legislators are mindful of how opponents could garner votes in
the next election and they consider this when voting on
immigration policy. Not surprisingly, states with a more liberal
electorate are more likely to take a welcoming stance on
immigration policy, suggesting that policy makers are
somewhat responsive to public opinion. Economics and
demographics also play a role, as states with a higher per
capita gross state product tend to pass more welcoming laws
towards immigrants while states experiencing an increase in
the foreign-born population tend to pass policies that are
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more hostile towards immigrants.
These results are quite interesting as they suggest that
immigration policy is a function of the professional nature of a
stateÕs legislature, public opinion in the state, overall state
economic conditions, and state demographics. MonoganÕs
results offer a clear picture of how states have chosen to
make changes to immigration policy over the last decade in
the face of federal inaction.
(Source: Jennifer Connolly, in Journal of Public Policy, May 20th, 2013,
adapted)
1- In the text above, the author posits that
a) the federal government always has the last say on immigration laws.
b) decisions taken at state level should overrule federal legislation.
c) wealthier states are always more lenient towards immigration.
d) state-level laws may impact the design of national immigration policy.
e) immigration laws concern only immigrants themselves and their families.
2- The purpose of the text is to advocate greater
a) attention to what determines immigration policy in the first place.
b) professionalism of state legislators and law enforcement officers.
c) liberalization of immigration in states with large foreign-born populations.
d) control of immigrant flows in the wealthier parts of the country.
e) initiative by the federation to discourage states from enacting arbitrary laws.
3- The reason why legislative professionalism has a bearing on
immigration laws
a) is still the object of ongoing studies by James Monogan.
b) relates to the need to garner the support of the electorate.
c) is unfathomable and varies widely from state to state.
d) can only be established when the legislator is foreign born.
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e) goes hand in hand with the educational level of voters.
4- Ms. Connolly suggests that politicians are attuned to their electorate
because they
a) toe the line of the federal government only when it helps develop their
states.
b) respond promptly to economic and demographic developments in their
states.
c) are hostile towards immigrants when public opinion condones immigration.
d) project how future developments can impact their chances at re-election.
e) create more welcoming immigration policies where voters are liberal minded.
5- The author wraps up the text by
a) dismissing MonoganÕs findings.
b) going over the main points made.
c) suggesting an alternative course of action.
d) criticizing state-level policies.
e) commending federal initiatives.
A cooling consensus
Global warming has slowed. The rate of warming over the past
15 years has been lower than that of the preceding 20 years.
There is no serious doubt that our planet continues to heat,
but it has heated less than most climate scientists had
predicted. Nate Cohn of the New Republic reports: "Since
1998, the warmest year of the twentieth century,
temperatures have not kept up with computer models that
seemed to project steady warming; theyÕre perilously close to
falling beneath even the lowest projections".
Mr Cohn does his best to affi rm that the urgent necessity of
acting to retard warming has not abated, as does Brad Plumer
of the Washington Post, as does this newspaper. But there's
no way around the fact that this reprieve for the planet is bad
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news for proponents of policies, such as carbon taxes and
emissions treaties, meant to slow warming by moderating the
release of greenhouse gases. The reality is that the already
meagre prospects of these policies, in America at least, will be
devastated if temperatures do fall outside the lower bound of
the projections that environmentalists have used to create a
panicked sense of emergency. Whether or not dramatic
climate-policy interventions remain advisable, they will
become harder, if not impossible, to sell to the public, which
will feel, not unreasonably, that the scientifi c and media
establishment has cried wolf.
(Source: The Economist, June 20th, 2013)
6- The text starts by citing data revealing that
a) the planet has not been getting warmer in the past 15 years.
b) average temperatures are lower now than they were 20 years ago.
c) the rate of temperature rises has eased off in recent years.
d) 20 years ago temperatures were signifi cantly higher.
e) in the past 15 years temperatures have leveled off.
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îrg‹o: Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN)
Cargo: Analista de Finanas e Controle (AFC)
Banca: ESAF
Ano: 2013
Questions 59 to 62 refer to the text below:
Recruiters eye Brics to build business
BrazilÕs dream of shedding its middle-income status is over,
some Bric observers have said. But to UK recruitment
agencies, the South American powerhouse still offers
something that is much harder to find close to home Ð huge
growth potential. Although BrazilÕs gross domestic product is
estimated to have notched up less than 1 per cent growth in
2012, UK recruitment groups are still opening offi ces there
and expanding deeper into the region.
ÒYou will get these hiccups along the way,Ó says Steve
Ingham, chief executive of recruitment agency PageGroup
(formerly Michael Page International). ÒThe economy wonÕt
always be as strong, but we will continue to invest through
the cycle such that our endgame is to have a lot more offi ces
and a lot more people in [Latin America].Ó
His company was one of the fi rst big UK recruiters to enter
the region, about 13 years ago. There are now more than a
dozen offi ces and about 600 staff in Latin America operating
under PageGroup. Almost 10 per cent of PageGroupÕs business
is generated in the region but Mr Ingham Òeasily imaginesÓ
that rising to a fi fth in the near future. ÒOur expectations are
enormousÓ he says,highlighting the potential beyond Brazil, in
countries such as Mexico and Chile. ÒWeÕre not just depending
on Brazil [to generate fees] any more.Ó
Other recruiters have followed suit, as part of their expansion
away from the saturated UK market to fastergrowing
economies in Asia and beyond. Hays recently opened offi ces
in Colombia and Chile, and Brazil is already the sixth-largest
country in the group, based on net fees.
Source: Vanessa Kortekaas, Financial Times, February 4, 2013
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59- The overall purpose of the text is to show that the UK recruitment
industry
a) is expanding operations across Brics countries.
b) is shifting its investments away from Brazil.
c) expects growing business in Latin America.
d) has lost hope in the domestic market altogether.
e) is disappointed with BrazilÕs economic performance.
60- In the view of the PageGroupÕs CEO, economic slowdowns in Latin
America
a) may be cyclical.
b) will spiral out of control.
c) are here to stay.
d) cause hiccups in investors.
e) give rise to optimism.
61- In the past 13 years, the recruitment agencyÕs business strategy
has been
a) stalled by a dwindling potential in Latin American markets.
b) responsible for placing 600 workers in over 12 companies.
c) highlighting BrazilÕs potential in countries like Mexico and Chile.
d) focused on swelling operations in Latin America.
e) behind the companyÕs rise to fifth place in the region.
62- It can be concluded from the passage that as far as Latin America is
concerned,
a) Brazil and Chile have topped investments by UK recruiters.
b) Brazil has been targeted by more than one European recruitment group.
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c) the PageGroup pioneered recruitment services in the region.
d) UK recruitment agencies consider its growth potential second to none.
e) the region still lags behind Asia and other emerging markets.
Questions 63 to 65 refer to the following text:
Where to be born in 2013
Warren Buffett, probably the worldÕs most successful investor,
has said that anything good that happened to him could be
traced back to the fact that he was born in the right country,
the United States, at the right time (1930). A quarter of a
century ago, when The World in 1988 lightheartedly ranked 50
countries according to where would be the best place to be
born in 1988, America indeed came top. But which country
will be the best for a baby born in 2013?
To answer this, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), a sister
company of The Economist, has this time turned deadly
serious. It earnestly attempts to measure which country will
provide the best opportunities for a healthy, safe and
prosperous life in the years ahead. Its qualityof-life index links
the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveysÑhow happy
people say they areÑto objective determinants of the quality
of life across countries. Being rich helps more than anything
else, but it is not all that counts; things like crime, trust in
public institutions and the health of family life matter too. In
all, the index takes 11 statistically signifi cant indicators into
account.
What does all this, and likely developments in the years to
come, mean for where a baby might be luckiest to be born in
2013?
After crunching its numbers, the EIU has Switzerland
comfortably in the top spot, with Australia second. Small
economies dominate the top ten. Half of these are European,
but only one, the Netherlands, is from the euro zone. The
Nordic countries shine, whereas the crisis-ridden south of
Europe (Greece, Portugal and Spain) lags behind despite the
advantage of a favourable climate. The largest European
economies (Germany, France and Britain) do not do
particularly well.
America, where babies will inherit the large debts of the
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boomer generation, languishes back in 16th place. Despite
their economic dynamism, none of the BRIC countries (Brazil,
Russia, India and China) scores impressively. Among the 80
countries covered, Nigeria comes last: it is the worst place for
a baby to enter the world in 2013.
Source: The Economist print edition (adapted), Nov 21, 2012.
63- It can be said about the criteria used to rate countries on this
survey that they
a) include both objective and subjective aspects.
b) are biased towards poorer European countries.
c) lean favorably towards EU powerhouses.
d) underestimate life-satisfaction perceptions.
e) cover more than a dozen determinants.
64- Regarding BrazilÕs rating in the survey, the text considers that it
a) exceeded expectations.
b) preceded all the BRICs.
c) was impressively high.
d) has improved over time.
e) was somewhat disappointing.
65- The ranking that can be inferred from the information in the
passage puts
a) the Netherlands behind Spain.
b) Australia ahead of the USA.
c) only three European countries in the top 10.
d) Nigeria as a middling country.
e) Portugal and France in a similar position.
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Questions 66 and 67 are about the following text:
In the World Economy, the Ditch Is Never Far Away
WHEN you see a car being driven fi rmly within its lane and
well under the speed limit, thereÕs nothing to worry about. Or
is there? If youÕre David A. Rosenberg, the glass-halfempty
economist, there most certainly is. He says the world
economy is like that car. And where others see stability and
recovery, he sees Òa car being driven by a drunk, lurching
from side to side on the road, narrowly avoiding the ditches
each time.Ó
At this particular moment, he says, the car happens to be in
the middle of the road. But he canÕt help but ask, ÒIs that
because the driver has sobered up, or is it because the car is
just passing through the middle on its way to the ditch on the
other side?Ó Mr. Rosenberg isnÕt certain of the answer. But
despite the cheer pervading the stock market and the
relatively upbeat perspective of most economists, he says he
isnÕt convinced that the car will remain safely out of those
ditches.
Formerly the chief North American economist at Merrill Lynch,
and now proudly back in his native Canada as chief economist
and strategist at Gluskin Sheff in Toronto, Mr. Rosenberg
writes a market newsletter that is always provocative, often
cantankerous and frequently out of step with the Wall Street
consensus. ÒIÕd say IÕm as pragmatic as possible and not
locked into one position,Ó he says, Òbut I do understand that I
have a much better record forecasting rain than in predicting
the return of sunshine.Ó
Source: Jeff Sommer, in The New York Times, February 2, 2013 (adapted)
66- In the passage, economist David Rosenberg is portrayed as
a) a realist.
b) an optimist.
c) a pragmatist.
d) a pessimist.
e) an escapist.
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67- The sentence that best sums up the main idea in the passage is:
a) it is easier to forecast rain than sunshine.
b) itÕs best to see a glass half-empty.
c) the world economyÕs recovery is not certain.
d) economic stability is never long lasting.
e) economists can be likened to drunken drivers.
îrg‹o: MinistŽrio do Planejamento, Oramento e Gest‹o (MPOG)