Aula_09

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INGLÊS TÉCNICO
 Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
Tema da Apresentação
Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Class content:
 Formação de palavras, especialmente dos afixos.  
 Os afixos da língua inglesa - indispensável ao leitor de textos em língua inglesa.  
 Novas palavras e construção de significados.
Tema da Apresentação
Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Machine or organism ? - The dilemma of western medicine.
Tema da Apresentação
Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
 Is cancer a purely physical phenomenon? Is 'medicine' a mere synonym for 'medical technology’?
	In recent years, it appears that Western medicine has adoped the view of man as a machine, rather than the traditional view that man is an organism with mental as well as physical aspects. Expensive equipment and spectacular operations all demonstrate that this mechanistic view is related to enormous financial pressure.
	This is especially true in the case of two 'killer' diseases: cancer and coronary disease. These are caused principally by factors such as stress, diet, life-style and environment. The logical solution to these problems would be to spend money on health education. A public campaign would encourage people to change their diet, to stop
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
smoking, to take more exercise, to relax. All these solutions would be of minimal cost to the government and the patient. But instead we wait until the patient becomes ill, and then spend vast sums of money on diagnosis with scanners and X-ray tomography, and even more money on 'cures' such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer, or spectacular operations such as by-pass surgery, valve replacement or even transplants in the case of heart disease.
	The medical industry now spends huge sums of money on cure rather than on prevention. The expensive equipment confers increased prestige on the doctors and surgeons who use it. In order to emphasize the preventive role of medicine, doctors would become teachers and advisers and they would spend less money and offer less spectacular solutions. To change the system would change fundamentally the entire
Tema da Apresentação
Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
medical profession and the practice of medicine in the West.
	And yet a change is occurring, with the increase in the popularity of unconventional medicine. Acupuncture and homeopathy are two types of medicine which treat the patient as a whole organism rather than a mechanical problem, and consider emotional and mental factors as important in assessing the diagnosis and treatment of a disease. It’s possible that this increasing interest in unconventional medicine may, in the future, cause some change in the medical profession and its associated industrial-technical complex. Unfortunately, the financial pressures on doctors to offer expensive and spectacular solutions rather than cheap and unimpressive treatment means that any change will take a long time. 
CAPRA, F. (1982). Science, society and the rising culture.
Thanks to CEPRIL
Tema da Apresentação
Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
COMPREENSÃO:
1. Qual é o dilema apresentado no texto ?
2. Com que exemplos o autor ilustra o dilema ?
3. Os exemplos apresentam um novo dilema; qual ?
4. Dentre as duas posições postas no dilema, qual delas é favorecida por Capra? Justifique.
GRAMÁTICA:
Sublinhe no texto as frases que se referem à idéia de prevenção.
2. Faça um círculo em volta das frases que se referem à idéia de cura.
3. Sublinhe, no último parágrafo, as frases que expressam previsões feitas por Capra.
7. Qual das duas, segundo o autor, tem mais chance de vir a acontecer ?
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
WORD FORMATION – THE CREATION OF NEW WORDS  
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Word formation processes : how new words are created and become part of the language.  Knowing this can actually help you better understand the English language, not to mention the fact that knowing a word's origin is a great way to reinforce your understanding of it! 
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Why are new words needed?
Because of new inventions and changes, every language is in need of new words – borrowed, derived or otherwise formed – simply because new things need new words. The human community is steadily growing and developing, just as the tool we use to communicate: Language. When new inventions and changes enter our lives, we are in the need of naming them and of course to communicate about them. Language is dynamic, it changes constantly. Inter alia because native speakers like to play with their language, or because there are no 'wrong' words. The key here is usage: If a new word, however silly it may be, is used by many speakers of a language, it will probably survive and it can happen that one day, it is an everyday word and entered our dictionaries. Especially in the last centuries, many word creations are spread amongst the language community
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
PROCESSOS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PALAVRAS
FAMILIAS DE PALAVRAS
RAIZ
Afixos, conversão ou junção de palavras
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Affixes
 An affix is a letter or group of letters that is added to the beginning or end of a word and changes its meaning.  Examples: 
healthy => un + healthy = unhealthy(un is the affix) 
fear => fear + less = fearless  (less is the affix)
 There are two kinds of affixes:  prefixes and suffixes. 
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
When the letter or group of letters is added to the beginning of a word, we call it a prefix. Examples: 
unhappy 
overconfident 
ultraviolet 
underdeveloped
  
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
When the letter or group of letters is added to the end of a word, we call it a suffix. Examples: 
careful 
secretly 
greatness 
teacher 
 
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
In English, many new words were formed from existing ones by adding affixes to them. Some even have several affixes added, such as:  care => careless => carelessness Some words were formed exactly the other way around. The affixes were removed from existing words. For example, the affix "or" was removed from the word "editor," and so we got the verb "edit": 
editor => editor => edit
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Make a noun from the word given ! 
educate - 
improve - 
discuss - 
stupid - 
dark - 
govern - 
spell - 
hesitate - 
arrange -  
similar - 
happy - 
popular - 
televise - 
elect - 
administer - 
punctual - 
manage - 
careless - 
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Find the opposites of the words on the right and write them down. PREFIXES like DIS/IN/IM/IR/UN/IL/MIS are used to give an opposite/negative meaning to a word. 
POSSIBLE - ________________________
LOYAL - ________________________ 
HONEST  - ________________________
REGULAR - _______________________
LEGAL - ____________________ 
COMPLETE - _______________________
EFFECTIVE - _______________________ 
POPULAR - _________________________ 
FORTUNE - _________________________ 
DIFFERENT - ________________________ 
KIND - _________________________ 
REPLACEABLE  
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Tema da Apresentação
Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Put
the words in brackets in the appropriate form (use a prefixes or a suffixes):
a. He was acting in a very ________ way. (child)
b. She looked__________.She started to cry. (happy)
c. He passed his exam. He was_______for the second time. (succeed)
d. The team that he supported were able to win the_______. (champion)
e. I couldn't find________ any  in his theory. (weak)
f.He wants to be a _________ when he grows up. (mathematics)
g.There were only a _________ of people at the match. (hand)
h. The road was too narrow, so they had to _________ it. (wide)
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
i. I think that you should _________ your decision. It may not be the best thing to do. (consider)
j. You need a _________ of motivation, organization and hard work to realize your dreams.(combine)
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Aula 9 - Formação de palavras: afixação
INGLÊS TÉCNICO
Tema da Apresentação