AP FUNDAMENTOS CULTURAIS DA LITERAT. EM LÍNGUA INGL. 2018.2

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1a Questão (Ref.:201804050355)
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	In the history of England, who brought paganism to an end?
		
	
	 The Romans.
	
	The Celts.
	
	The French people.
	
	 The Italian people.
	
	The Greeks.
	
	
	
	2a Questão (Ref.:201801202066)
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	When Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury, in 601, what was he interested in?  He was interested in... 
		
	
	Teaching people how to read and write by using the bible as a reference.
	
	Converting the ordinary people to the Christian faith. 
	
	Spreading Christian values all over Europe. 
	
	Ruling the country. 
	
	Bringing the rulers to the new faith. 
	
	
	Gabarito Coment.
	
	
	
	
	3a Questão (Ref.:201804050547)
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	Regarding the foundations of a future Parliament in England, we can say that ...
		
	
	Peasant representatives were first accepted in a small Council in 1216, when King John began his reign, but it was only in the late 13th century that Parliament got to be established in England. 
	
	Even though the foundations of Parliament date from the tenth century, it was not until the XXth century that Parliament did become true in England.
	
	King Henry III, the son of King John, began his reign in 1216. At first, he consulted with a small Council of important Lords, who were usually always around him. Later, Henry began the practice of summoning an expanded group of Lords from the entire kingdom. Known as a Great Council, it included the major land-owning barons, other nobles, and the archbishops and bishops of the Catholic Church, the state religion.
	
	In November 1236, King Henry  (1216-1272) adjourned a law case to a ´parliament´ which was due to meet in January the following year - the very first occasion the term 'parliament' was recorded in an official document of the English crown. This did not, however, mark the birth of parliament. Nevertheless, the use of the term ´parliament´ signalled that the King still had the power in his hands and that Parliament might never come true.
	
	The development of parliament was driven by the monarchy´s need to raise money through taxes. At first, assent to taxation was given by the barons, but increasingly as the 13th century progressed,  King Henry  was forced  to negotiate directly with the representatives of the counties, towns and lower clergy (later to be known as the ´commons´).   Parliament therefore became synonymous with an enlarged gathering of the king´s political power.
	
	
	
	4a Questão (Ref.:201804050432)
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	Who was William the Conqueror?
		
	
	William, the Conqueror was an Anglo-Saxon leader who became famous for his capacity of dealing with difficult situations at war.
	
	William was the King of both England and Normandy (France). He controlled two large areas: Normandy, which was given to him by his father, and England, which was won in war. 
	
	As the name already points out, William was a conqueror who was so called because he was able to conquer both Normandy and Spain during Medieval Ages.
	
	William was a great warrior who was portrayed by Shakespeare in one of his plays.
	
	William was a brave knight who enjoyed conquering foreign land for his country. He conquered areas such as Normandy and Callais.
	
	
	
	5a Questão (Ref.:201801202094)
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	What was the importance of the printing press for the study of literature? It was important because...
		
	
	The process of printing a book before the printing press was not only very sophisticated but also very expensive. 
	
	Before its invention, books were written by hand and , sometimes, it would take a writer a whole year to put down into words a single copy of a book
	
	The Church members were only interested in publishing books about saints. 
	
	The writers did not show any interest in having their books published. 
	
	Books, which were not religious ones, were seen as products of the demon.  
	
	
	
	6a Questão (Ref.:201804050614)
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	In the year 1998, archeologists found, in Cadbury Hill,  British military chiefs buried in coffins in the shape of boats.
What did ancient people, who lived in England,  believe?
		
	
	Ancient people associated boats with Jesus Christ.
	
	Ancient people believed that the soul traveled from one world to another which was found in lakes and seas. Dead people were placed in coffins in the shape of boats because boats were normally placed in seas or lakes.
	
	Military chiefs were considered important people, that´s why they were placed in speacially designed coffins.
	
	They believed that the dead people would rather be buried in coffins in the shape of boats because they were fashionable.
	
	Ancient people regarded boats as a mystical thing.
	
	
	
	7a Questão (Ref.:201801302278)
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	Which of the characteristics below DOES NOT belong to the 16th century English men? 
		
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century were still superstitious enough to believe in witches and all kinds of sorcery. 
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century were as devoutly religious as their medieval ancestors, but also threw themselves passionately into the worldliest of projects and pastimes. 
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century had a strong intellectual formation, traveling the world was a routine to them and they were essentially consumerist beings.
	
	Englishmen in the 16th century were great respecters of authority yet violently critical of their medieval ancestors for accepting it. 
	
	Despite of being rather conscious of the social status, determined by birth, Englishmen in the 16th century proclaimed their human right as men to ascend in a social mobility scale.
	
	
	
	8a Questão (Ref.:201804036700)
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	Which option completes the following excerpt.
Considered the first religion founded during the Protestant Reformation, the _______________ was a religion created in the middle of social and political crises in the Sacred German Empire. Still stuck on feudal structures, the Empire had a group of principalities in which the Catholic Church dominated one-third of the land.
		
	
	Calvinism
	
	Jacobinism
	
	Lutheranism
	
	Puritanism
	
	Renaissance
	
	
	
	9a Questão (Ref.:201801202131)
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0 
	When did the USA become a free country? 
		
	
	On Sept 7, 1812. 
	
	On July 7, 1976. 
	
	On July 4, 1776. 
	
	On Dec 25, 1500. 
	
	On April 1, 1215.
	
	
	
	10a Questão (Ref.:201804050686)
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0 
	What did colonists who went to the U.S. incorporate into Virginia´s first charter?
		
	
	They incorporated concepts of freedom into Virginia´s first charter in their struggle for political liberty.
	
	They incorporated rules about the use of the English language all over the country and of the study of the Bible in all schools.
	
	They established the ones who disobeyed the laws would be sent to prison and forced to pay a fine and incorporated this rule into Virginia´s first charter.
	
	It was decided that each member of a community who was above sixteen should work for the development of their religious creed and this issue was included into Virginia´s first charter.
	
	They incorporated social norms into Virginia first charter so as to preserve the union.