<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1516f3f6-8639-4c6a-8508-a7736a087b26/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h1 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Os 3 cérebros de MacLean - Cérebro de réptil (II)</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y2 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">BULBO RAQUIDIANO</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y3 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Embriologia, localização e morfologia</div><div class="t m0 x3 h3 y4 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Deriva<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da <span class="_2 blank"> </span>vesícula<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>mielencefálica<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>(1ª <span class="_2 blank"> </span>vesícula<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de <span class="_2 blank"> </span>divisão<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">rombencéfalo) <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e <span class="_1 blank"> </span>constitui<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>transição<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>entre <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o <span class="_4 blank"> </span>encéfalo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y6 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">medula<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>(transição<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>inde\ufb01nida),<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>mas <span class="_5 blank"> </span>destaca-se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>protuberância </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y7 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws6">occipital<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls1">sulco<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>bulbo-protuberancial</span><span class="lsb">. <span class="_10 blank"> </span>Na<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>face<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>anterior<span class="_0 blank"></span>, </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y8 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">separada<span class="_0 blank"></span> por<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>\ufb01ssura<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>mediana, <span class="_d blank"> </span>destacam-se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>as<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>pirâmides </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 y9 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">bulbares, <span class="_d blank"> </span>onde <span class="_d blank"> </span>passam <span class="_d blank"> </span>os <span class="_d blank"> </span>feixes<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>piramidais,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_d blank"> </span>quais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>cruzam, </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ya ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">neste<span class="_11 blank"> </span> nível,<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>lado<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>oposto<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>(decussão bulbar). na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>face<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>lateral </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yb ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">des<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ta<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_11 blank"> </span>m-s<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>as <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span>li<span class="_11 blank"> </span>va<span class="_11 blank"> </span>s <span class="_10 blank"> </span>b<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ulb<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ar<span class="_11 blank"> </span>es<span class="_11 blank"> </span>, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de<span class="_b blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span>nd<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>s<span class="_11 blank"> </span>aem <span class="_e blank"> </span>liga<span class="_11 blank"> </span>çõ<span class="_11 blank"> </span>es </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yc ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">nervosas para o cerebelo.</div><div class="t m0 x4 h2 yd ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">Con\ufb01guração<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>microscópica<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>-<span class="_b blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 lsa">A<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>parte<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>central <span class="_b blank"> </span>é<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>ocupada<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>pela </span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 ye ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">formação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>reticular <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(retículo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>constituído<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> entrecruzamento<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x4 h3 yf ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">milhares <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>neurónios), <span class="_7 blank"> </span>no <span class="_4 blank"> </span>seio<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>qual <span class="_7 blank"> </span>se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>distribu<span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>um </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y10 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">conjunto <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>centros<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>controle<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>e <span class="_9 blank"> </span>regul<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> das<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>funções<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>vitais, </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y11 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">tais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>como,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>funções<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cárdio-circulatórias,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>respiratória<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>vaso-</div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y12 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">motora (Figura II).</div><div class="t m0 x5 h2 y13 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Signi\ufb01cado <span class="_a blank"> </span>anátomo-funcional<span class="_0 blank"></span> -<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff2">Sede<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>re\ufb02exos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>primitivos </span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y14 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>desaparecem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>com <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>crescime<span class="_11 blank"> </span>nto<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>(p. <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ex.,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>re\ufb02exo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sucção </div><div class="t m0 x5 h3 y15 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">do<span class="_5 blank"> </span> recém-nascido).<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Primitivamente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_5 blank"> </span>"sistemas <span class="_b blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>interacção" </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y16 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">localizados<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>no<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>bulbo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>con<span class="_11 blank"> </span>trolavam <span class="_b blank"> </span>as<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>funções<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>viscerais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>necessárias <span class="_b blank"> </span>à<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>manutenção <span class="_b blank"> </span>da <span class="_d blank"> </span>vida,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>mas<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>ao </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y17 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">longo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>da<span class="_0 blank"></span> evolução<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>bulbo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>passou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> intervir<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>também <span class="_d blank"> </span>na<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>vida<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y18 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">relação,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> isto é, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>nas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>formas <span class="_8 blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>comunicação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> entre<span class="_9 blank"> </span> os seres </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y19 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">humanos. Deste<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>modo, no<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>bulbo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estão<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>também situados os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">núcleos<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>dos<span class="_9 blank"> </span> nervos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> cranianos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>responsáveis<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pela<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>mobilidade </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cefálica,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>fonação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>expressão<span class="_5 blank"> </span> mímica,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>constituindo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vias<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">integração<span class="_11 blank"> </span> do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> comportamento ditigido<span class="_9 blank"> </span> para<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>um <span class="_8 blank"> </span>\ufb01m.<span class="_11 blank"> </span> Estas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> 3 </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">funções <span class="_d blank"> </span>são<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>fundamentais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>para <span class="_d blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> hominização,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_d blank"> </span>permitem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3 ws6">(1)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>sociabilidade<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_12 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>(a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>mobilidade<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>cefálica<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>refere-se<span class="_c blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y1f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">psicologicamente<span class="_9 blank"> </span> à<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>motivação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> exploratória,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> a <span class="_11 blank"> </span>expressão<span class="_9 blank"> </span> mímica </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y20 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">traduz <span class="_4 blank"> </span>um <span class="_4 blank"> </span>modo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>afectivo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> comunicação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>interindividual, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y21 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls4 ws6">fonação <span class="_1 blank"> </span>contém<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>modo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>verbalizado <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>comunicação<span class="_3 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y22 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">socializada)<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>(2)<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>controle<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>do<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>meio<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>(através <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> mobilidade </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y23 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">cefálica).</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y24 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">PROTUBERÂNCIA<span class="_c blank"></span> OCCIPIT<span class="_c blank"></span>AL </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y25 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Embriologia, localização e morfologia</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y26 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Deriva<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>vesícula <span class="_5 blank"> </span>metencefálica<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>(2ª <span class="_5 blank"> </span>divisão<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>rombencéfalo). </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y27 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Como<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>seu <span class="_7 blank"> </span>nome<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>indica <span class="_4 blank"> </span>é<span class="_5 blank"> </span> uma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>saliência,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>sendo <span class="_4 blank"> </span>limitada </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y28 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">inferiormente<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">sulco<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>bulbo-protuberancial<span class="_11 blank"> </span></span><span class="lsc"> o<span class="_14 blank"></span>u<span class="_15 blank"></span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">sulco<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>bulbo-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y29 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">pôntico<span class="ff2 lsa ws6">. <span class="_6 blank"> </span>O<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>limite<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>superior<span class="_c blank"></span> é<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">sulco<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>ponto-peduncular</span><span class="lsd">, <span class="_b blank"> </span>q<span class="_c blank"></span>u<span class="_0 blank"></span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls5 ws6">separa<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>do <span class="_10 blank"> </span>mesencéfalo,<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>especi\ufb01camente,<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>dos<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>pedúnculos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cerebrais. <span class="_b blank"> </span>T<span class="_0 blank"></span>em <span class="_b blank"> </span>uma<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>forma<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>arredondada,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>cortada<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>por<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>um <span class="_d blank"> </span>sulco </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">longitudinal, designado <span class="ff3">goteira mediana</span><span class="lsa"> (Figura III).</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">É<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ponte<span class="_11 blank"> </span> das<span class="_11 blank"> </span> vias<span class="_11 blank"> </span> que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> atravessam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>este<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>nível<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>têm <span class="_11 blank"> </span>um <span class="_11 blank"> </span>percurso </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">longitudinal<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>(descendente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>ascendente)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>ou <span class="_5 blank"> </span>transversal<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>(para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y2f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cerebelo).<span class="_9 blank"> </span> Exteriormente <span class="_4 blank"> </span>é<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>visível<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>estriação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> transversal<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>como<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>ponte<span class="_5 blank"> </span> de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> cruzamento,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y30 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">protuberância tem uma grande densidade de vias.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y31 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">J. Ma<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_0 blank"></span>eix<span class="_c blank"></span>eira, 2011/12<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ff5 ls6 ws2">!<span class="_18 blank"></span>!!!!!<span class="ff4 lsa ws6"> 1</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h5 y32 ff6 fs3 fc2 sc0 lsa ws3">NEUR<span class="_0 blank"></span>OCIÊNCIAS</div><div class="t m0 x7 h6 y33 ff7 fs4 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Regente:<span class="_13 blank"></span> J.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Mar<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_19 blank"></span>eix<span class="_c blank"></span>eira</div><div class="t m0 x8 h4 y34 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Ano Lectivo 2011/2012</div><div class="t m0 x9 h4 y35 ff4 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Sumár<span class="_c blank"></span>ios Desenvolvidos</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y36 ff4 fs4 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">A<span class="_c blank"></span>ULA VI</div><div class="t m0 xa h4 y37 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura I - Con\ufb01guração macroscópica do<span class="_3 blank"></span> bulbo </div><div class="t m0 xb h4 y38 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">raquidiano (face anterior)</div><div class="t m0 xc h4 y39 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura II - Con\ufb01guração microscópica do bulbo</div><div class="c xd y3a w1 h7"><div class="t m1 xe h8 y3b ff8 fs5 fc3 sc0 lsa">21</div><div class="t m1 xf h9 y3c ff9 fs5 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">F<span class="_0 blank"></span>or<span class="_11 blank"> </span>mação reticular<span class="ff8">:</span></div><div class="t m1 x10 h8 y3d ff8 fs5 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">r<span class="_c blank"></span>etículo constituído pelo entr<span class="_c blank"></span>ecruzamento</div><div class="t m1 x11 h8 y3e ff8 fs5 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">de milhar<span class="_c blank"></span>es de neurónios</div><div class="t m1 x12 h9 y3f ff9 fs5 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Centros de controle e regulação das </div><div class="t m1 x13 h9 y40 ff9 fs5 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">funções vitais:</div><div class="t m1 x12 ha y41 ffa fs5 fc5 sc0 ls7">!<span class="ff8 fc4 lsa ws4 v1">cár<span class="_c blank"></span>dio-cir<span class="_3 blank"></span>culatório<span class="_c blank"></span>,</span></div><div class="t m1 x12 ha y42 ffa fs5 fc5 sc0 ls8">!<span class="ff8 fc4 lsa ws4 v1">r<span class="_c blank"></span>espiratório<span class="_c blank"></span>,</span></div><div class="t m1 x12 ha y43 ffa fs5 fc5 sc0 ls9">!<span class="ff8 fc4 lsa ws5 v1">vaso-motor</span></div><div class="t m1 x14 hb y44 ff9 fs6 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Configuração Microscópica</div></div><div class="c x15 y45 w2 hc"><div class="t m1 xb hd y46 ffb fs7 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Bulbo Raquidiano</div></div><div class="c x0 y0 w3 he"><div class="t m1 x16 hf y47 ffc fs8 fc6 sc0 lse ws6">terça-feira, 3 de Novembro de 2009</div></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1516f3f6-8639-4c6a-8508-a7736a087b26/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x17 h2 y48 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsf ws6">Con\ufb01guração <span class="_10 blank"> </span>microscópica<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span><span class="ff2 ls19">- <span class="_1a blank"> </span></span><span class="ff3">Corte<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>transversal<span class="ff2 ls10"> -<span class="_1b blank"></span> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y49 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">conjunto de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>vias<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>feixes,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> podendo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estas<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>ser<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>3 </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y4a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">tipos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>:<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(a) <span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">vias<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ascendentes</span>,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>transportam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>todas <span class="_b blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y4b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">informações<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>periferia <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>vêm <span class="_5 blank"> </span>através<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>medula <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y4c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">seguem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tálamo;<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(b) <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">vias <span class="_4 blank"> </span>descendentes</span><span class="ls1a">, <span class="_6 blank"> </span>q<span class="_c blank"></span>u<span class="_c blank"></span>e<span class="_c blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y4d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">transportam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>informação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>vem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>dos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>níveis <span class="_5 blank"> </span>superiores </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> dirige <span class="_2 blank"> </span>para <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>medula,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> como<span class="_5 blank"> </span> as <span class="_8 blank"> </span>\ufb01bras<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>có<span class="_11 blank"> </span>rtico-</div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y4f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">medulares,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> que levam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>informação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> córtice<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y50 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">medula,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>as <span class="_4 blank"> </span>\ufb01bras <span class="_4 blank"> </span>córtico-nucleares<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>córtico-núcleo-</div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y51 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">pônticas <span class="_a blank"> </span>(feixes<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>córtico-medulares,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>córtico-nucleares <span class="_a blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y52 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">córtico-núcleo-pônticas); <span class="_10 blank"> </span>(c)<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">vias <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>associação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>ou </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y53 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">transversais<span class="ff2 ws6">,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>ligam <span class="_11 blank"> </span>diferentes <span class="_11 blank"> </span>níveis<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> SN,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> como o </span></div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y54 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">córtice<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>com <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o cerebelo,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> ou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>2<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>hemisférios do<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>cereb<span class="_11 blank"> </span>elo </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y55 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">(neste caso<span class="_11 blank"> </span> as \ufb01bras são<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>as<span class="_11 blank"> </span> que fazem<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>o percurso </div><div class="t m0 x18 h3 y56 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls11 ws6">transversal,<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>originando<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>estriação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>transversal<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x18 h3 y57 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">protuberância, <span class="_b blank"> </span>como<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>por<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>exemplo,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>os<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>feixes <span class="_b blank"> </span>cerebelo-</div><div class="t m0 x18 h3 y58 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">rubro-tálamo-pônticos e as vias ponto-cerebelosas). </div><div class="t m0 x18 h3 y59 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Existem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>também <span class="_10 blank"> </span>agregados <span class="_10 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">núcleos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>celulares</span><span class="ls1b">, </span></div><div class="t m0 x18 h3 y5a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">formados<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>por<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>corpos <span class="_d blank"> </span>celulares<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>de <span class="_d blank"> </span>neurónios <span class="_d blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>tem </div><div class="t m0 x18 h3 y5b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls12 ws6">uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>função <span class="_10 blank"> </span>comum,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>como<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>por<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>exemplo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>os <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">comandam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>músculos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> expiratórios <span class="_11 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>grade<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>costal,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>os <span class="_9 blank"> </span>que <span class="_11 blank"> </span>formam <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> locus <span class="_9 blank"> </span>coeruleos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> (implicado<span class="_9 blank"> </span> no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">desencadeamento<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>das produções<span class="_11 blank"> </span> oníricas), os que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> constituem o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>núcleo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> terminal<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>nervo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>auditivo, os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>constituem<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>núcleo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>origem <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nervo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>motor-ocul<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ar<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>externo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>facial,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>parte<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>motora <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nervo </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">trigémeo, etc.. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y60 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Signi\ufb01cado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>anátomo-funcional<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ff2"> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>- papel <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>charneira<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>distribuição<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>informação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ascendente, </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">descendente<span class="_9 blank"> </span> e de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>vias <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>associação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> tendo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> corpos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> celulares<span class="_11 blank"> </span> de <span class="_11 blank"> </span>neurónios <span class="_11 blank"> </span>que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> coman<span class="_11 blank"> </span>dam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>funções </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y62 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">vitais,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sendo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>importante<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>no<span class="_5 blank"> </span> aspecto<span class="_11 blank"> </span> topográ\ufb01co<span class="_9 blank"> </span> por <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ligar<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>níveis <span class="_9 blank"> </span>inferiores<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>níveis <span class="_9 blank"> </span>mais<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>complexos </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y63 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>por<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>permitir <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> passagem<span class="_c blank"></span> para<span class="_c blank"></span> o <span class="_d blank"> </span>cereb<span class="_11 blank"> </span>elo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>e <span class="_a blank"> </span>para<span class="_c blank"></span> os <span class="_a blank"> </span>pedúnculos </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y64 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">cerebrais médios.</div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y65 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">CEREBELO</div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y66 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Localização e morfologia</div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y67 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls13 ws7">Introdução<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff2 ls14 ws6"> <span class="_f blank"> </span>-<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>Localizado <span class="_7 blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>base <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do <span class="_7 blank"> </span>cérebro, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>tem<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">conectividaded<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>neuronal<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>complexa<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>praticamente<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>não<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>alterou </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y69 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">ao<span class="_5 blank"> </span> longo <span class="_2 blank"> </span>da <span class="_4 blank"> </span>evolução<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_4 blank"> </span>vertebrados. <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Está <span class="_4 blank"> </span>mais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>en<span class="_11 blank"> </span>volvido<span class="_9 blank"> </span> na </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y6a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls15 ws6">coordenação <span class="_10 blank"> </span>das <span class="_10 blank"> </span>entradas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>sensoriais<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_10 blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>coordenação </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y6b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">motora. <span class="_c blank"></span>A <span class="_c blank"></span>remoção<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>cerebelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>em <span class="_11 blank"> </span>indivíduos jovens <span class="_11 blank"> </span>provoca<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>poucas </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y6c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">alterações <span class="_f blank"> </span>comportamentais, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sugerindo <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>resto<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>cérebro </div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y6d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">consegue aprender a funcionar sem o cerebelo.</div><div class="t m0 x19 h2 y6e ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls16 ws8">Localização<span class="ff2 ls17 ws6"> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>- <span class="_f blank"> </span>Localiza-se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>abaixo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>lobo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>occipital, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>atrás<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>da <span class="_f blank"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x19 h3 y6f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">protuberância e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da parte<span class="_9 blank"> </span> superior<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x1a h3 y70 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">bulbo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>inferior <span class="_a blank"> </span>do <span class="_a blank"> </span>mesencéfalo, <span class="_a blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x1a h3 y71 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">pedúnculos <span class="_2 blank"> </span>cerebrais<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(Figura<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>IV). <span class="_2 blank"> </span>É </div><div class="t m0 x1a h3 y72 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">constituído<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>por 2<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>hemisférios e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x1a h3 y73 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">f<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span>r<span class="_9 blank"> </span>m<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>ç<span class="_9 blank"> </span>ã<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>c<span class="_9 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>n<span class="_9 blank"> </span>t<span class="_5 blank"> </span>r<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>l <span class="_17 blank"> </span>d<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>s<span class="_5 blank"> </span>i<span class="_9 blank"> </span>g<span class="_9 blank"> </span>n<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_5 blank"> </span>d<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>p<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span>r </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y74 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">vermis<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>cerebeloso. <span class="_7 blank"> </span>O<span class="_d blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>vermis<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>apresenta<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_7 blank"> </span>estrutura <span class="_1 blank"> </span>estriada<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y75 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">segmentar<span class="_c blank"></span>, lembrando por isso as estruturas mais primitivas (Figura V). </div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y76 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls18 ws9">Filogenia <span class="ff2 ls1c ws6"> -<span class="_1c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>T<span class="_1d blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>m<span class="_1d blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>d<span class="_1e blank"></span>i<span class="_1e blank"></span>f<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>r<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>n<span class="_1e blank"></span>t<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>s<span class="_1f blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>p<span class="_1e blank"></span>o<span class="_1e blank"></span>r<span class="_1e blank"></span>ç<span class="_1e blank"></span>õ<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>s<span class="_1c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>c<span class="_1e blank"></span>o<span class="_1e blank"></span>m<span class="_1c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>i<span class="_1e blank"></span>d<span class="_1e blank"></span>a<span class="_1e blank"></span>d<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>s<span class="_1f blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>\ufb01<span class="_1e blank"></span>l<span class="_1e blank"></span>o<span class="_1e blank"></span>g<span class="_1e blank"></span>e<span class="_1e blank"></span>n<span class="_1e blank"></span>é<span class="_1e blank"></span>t<span class="_1e blank"></span>i<span class="_1e blank"></span>c<span class="_1e blank"></span>a<span class="_1e blank"></span>s<span class="_1f blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">diferentes,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>porções <span class="_a blank"> </span>bem <span class="_a blank"> </span>delimitadas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>designadas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>por <span class="_a blank"> </span>lobos<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>(Figura </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y78 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">VI): </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y79 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">(1) <span class="ff3 ls2 ws1">Arqui-cerebelo</span><span class="ls2">, constituído pelo lobo folículo-nodular e pela língula;<span class="_11 blank"> </span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">(2) <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2 ws1">Paleo-cerebelo</span>,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> constituído<span class="_5 blank"> </span> pela<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>úvula,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> pirâmides <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_9 blank"> </span>vermis<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>(porção </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">média);</div><div class="t m0 x2 h10 y31 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">J. Ma<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_0 blank"></span>eix<span class="_c blank"></span>eira, 2011/12 <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="fs1 fc7">2</span></div><div class="t m0 x1b h4 y7c ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura III - Protuberância occipital.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Con\ufb01gura<span class="_3 blank"></span>ção macroscópica</div><div class="t m0 x1c h4 y28 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura IV - Localização do cerebelo</div><div class="c x1d y7d w4 h11"><div class="t m2 x1e h12 y7e ffd fs9 fc3 sc0 lsa">6</div><div class="t m2 x1f h13 y7f ffe fsa fc8 sc0 lsa ws6">Deriva da vesícula</div><div class="t m2 x20 h13 y80 ffe fsa fc8 sc0 ls1d ws6">metencefálica </div><div class="t m2 x21 h14 y81 ffd fsb fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">P<span class="_c blank"></span>equeno cér<span class="_c blank"></span>ebr<span class="_0 blank"></span>o colocado </div><div class="t m2 x22 h14 y82 ffd fsb fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">em par<span class="_c blank"></span>alelo r<span class="_c blank"></span>elativ<span class="_c blank"></span>amente </div><div class="t m2 x23 h14 y83 ffd fsb fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">ao gr<span class="_c blank"></span>ande eixo do SN</div><div class="t m2 x24 h15 y84 ffd fsc fc1 sc0 lsa wsa">Localização</div><div class="t m2 x25 h15 y85 ffd fsc fc4 sc0 lsa ws6"> 1.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Abaixo do lobo occipital</div><div class="t m2 x25 h15 y86 ffd fsc fc4 sc0 lsa ws6"> 2.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Atrás da pr<span class="_0 blank"></span>otuberância </div><div class="t m2 x25 h15 y87 ffd fsc fc4 sc0 lsa ws6"> 3.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Atrás da parte sup<span class="_c blank"></span>.<span class="_13 blank"></span> do bulbo</div><div class="t m2 x25 h15 y88 ffd fsc fc4 sc0 lsa ws6"> 4.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Atrás da parte inf<span class="_11 blank"> </span>.<span class="_0 blank"></span> dos pedúnculos</div><div class="t m2 x25 h15 y89 ffd fsc fc4 sc0 lsa ws6"> cer<span class="_0 blank"></span>ebr<span class="_c blank"></span>ais</div><div class="t m2 x26 h15 y8a ffd fsc fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Embr<span class="_11 blank"> </span>iologia,<span class="_0 blank"></span> Localização e Morfologia</div><div class="t m2 x27 h16 y8b fff fsd fc6 sc0 lsa">Cerebelo</div></div><div class="c x1d y8c w5 h17"><div class="t m2 x28 h18 y8d ff10 fse fc6 sc0 ls1e ws6">terça-feira, 3 de Novembro de 2009</div></div><div class="t m0 x29 h4 y8e ff7 fs2 fc9 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura <span class="_13 blank"></span>V - Cerebelo<span class="_c blank"></span>.<span class="_0 blank"></span> Con\ufb01guração </div><div class="t m0 x2a h4 y8f ff7 fs2 fc9 sc0 lsa wsb">macroscópica</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1516f3f6-8639-4c6a-8508-a7736a087b26/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y48 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">(3) <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2 wsc">Néo-cerebelo, </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>constituído<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>vérmis <span class="_d blank"> </span>(parte </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y49 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">média) e pelos hemisférios cerebelosos.</div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 y4a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls1f wsd">T<span class="_0 blank"></span>opogra\ufb01a<span class="ff2 ls2e ws6"> -<span class="_20 blank"></span> O<span class="_19 blank"></span> <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff3 ls2">lobo anterior<span class="_3 blank"></span><span class="ff2 lsa"> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>constitui<span class="_11 blank"> </span> espino-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y4b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cerebelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>en<span class="_11 blank"> </span>carrega-se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_d blank"> </span>controlo <span class="_d blank"> </span>postural, <span class="_b blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y4c ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">lobo <span class="_5 blank"> </span>médio<span class="ff2 lsa"> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(posterior) <span class="_b blank"> </span>constitui <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> ponto-cerebelo </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y4d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls20 ws6">e <span class="_f blank"> </span>encarrega-se <span class="_f blank"> </span>do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>controle <span class="_f blank"> </span>automático<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">motricidade<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>voluntári<span class="_11 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">lobo folículo-nodular</span> </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y4f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">co<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ns<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ti<span class="_11 blank"> </span>tu<span class="_11 blank"> </span>i <span class="_17 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>ves<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ti<span class="_11 blank"> </span>b<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ul<span class="_11 blank"> </span>o-<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ce<span class="_11 blank"> </span>re<span class="_11 blank"> </span>be<span class="_11 blank"> </span>l<span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>c<span class="_11 blank"> </span>on<span class="_11 blank"> </span>tr<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ol<span class="_11 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y50 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">funções do equilíbrio. </div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 y51 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">Con\ufb01guração<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>microscópica<span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff2"> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>- <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Histologicamente </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y52 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> cerebelo <span class="_8 blank"> </span>assemelha-se <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_8 blank"> </span>córtice, <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pois <span class="_8 blank"> </span>tem </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y53 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">substancia<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>cinzenta<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>periferia<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>(estruturada<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>em </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y54 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">3<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>camadas,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>cujas <span class="_10 blank"> </span>prin<span class="_11 blank"> </span>icpais <span class="_10 blank"> </span>célu<span class="_11 blank"> </span>las<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>são<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y55 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">células <span class="_b blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>Purkingde)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>substância<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>branca<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y56 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">interior (Figura VII).</div><div class="t m0 x2b h2 y57 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls21 ws6">Signi\ufb01cado<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>anátomo-funcional<span class="_22 blank"></span><span class="ff2 ls2f"> -<span class="_23 blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>E<span class="_1d blank"></span>s<span class="_1b blank"></span>t<span class="_1b blank"></span>á<span class="_23 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y58 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">conectado, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>paralelo,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>com <span class="_4 blank"> </span>3<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>sistemas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y59 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls22 ws6">comandam<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>os<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>movimentos:<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>(a)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span><span class="ff3">sistema<span class="_c blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">vestibular<span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff2 lsa ws6"> <span class="_b blank"> </span>que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> comanda<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>os<span class="_11 blank"> </span> re\ufb02exos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>equilíbrio; </span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y5b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls23 ws6">(b)<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>o<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span><span class="ff3">sistema<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>reticular<span class="_22 blank"></span><span class="ff2 lsa"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>q<span class="_9 blank"> </span>u<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>c<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span>m<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>n<span class="_9 blank"> </span>d<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span>s </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y5c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">programas <span class="_11 blank"> </span>motores <span class="_9 blank"> </span>básicos <span class="_11 blank"> </span>(respiração, <span class="_9 blank"> </span>marcha, </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y5d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">etc.); <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e <span class="_a blank"> </span>(c)<span class="_c blank"></span> o <span class="_6 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">sistema<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>cortical</span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que <span class="_a blank"> </span>comanda<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y5e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">movimentos <span class="_9 blank"> </span>voluntários<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>dirigidos, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_9 blank"> </span>particular </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y5f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">os movimentos precisos da mão.</div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y60 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Em <span class="_9 blank"> </span>termos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>funcionais,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>cerebelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>está<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>implicado </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y61 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls24 ws6">no <span class="_1 blank"> </span>estabelecimento<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>associações<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>entre<span class="_c blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2b h3 y62 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">estímulos e <span class="_8 blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>activação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> dessas associações, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y63 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">através dos seguintes mecanismos: </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y64 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">a) <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">Integração<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>das <span class="_7 blank"> </span>informações <span class="_4 blank"> </span>sensitivo-sensoriais</span><span class="lsa"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y90 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">vindas da periferia através da medula; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y65 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">b) <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ff3">Regulação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>da<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>adaptação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>psicomotora<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>automática </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y66 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls25 ws6">e <span class="_f blank"> </span>intencional<span class="ff2 ls26">,<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>quer<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>devido <span class="_f blank"> </span>à<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>sua <span class="_f blank"> </span>organização <span class="_24 blank"></span> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y67 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls27 wse">somatotópica<span class="_22 blank"></span><span class="ls28 ws6"> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>(isto<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>é, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>vermis <span class="_f blank"> </span>apresenta<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>uma <span class="_e blank"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cartogra\ufb01a <span class="_8 blank"> </span>ou <span class="_2 blank"> </span>representação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>das<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>várias <span class="_2 blank"> </span>partes<span class="_11 blank"> </span> do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y69 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls29 ws6">corpo <span class="_f blank"> </span>- <span class="_f blank"> </span>Figura <span class="_10 blank"> </span>V),<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>quer<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>devido<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>à<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span><span class="ls2a wsf">amortização</span><span class="lsa"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">(consistindo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>correcção <span class="_d blank"> </span>automática <span class="_b blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>hipermetria </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">dos <span class="_d blank"> </span>movimentos, <span class="_b blank"> </span>através <span class="_d blank"> </span>do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>seguinte<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>mecanismo: <span class="_d blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cerebelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>recebe, <span class="_b blank"> </span>em <span class="_b blank"> </span>cada<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>instante,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sinais <span class="_d blank"> </span>de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>todo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">corpo, <span class="_9 blank"> </span>indicando<span class="_5 blank"> </span> para<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>cada<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>segmento<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>sua <span class="_5 blank"> </span>posição, </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sua<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>velocidade, <span class="_9 blank"> </span>as <span class="_9 blank"> </span>forças<span class="_9 blank"> </span> exercidas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sobre<span class="_5 blank"> </span> ele,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> etc.; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">compara<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>estes dados,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>em<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>cada<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>momento,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>com <span class="_6 blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y70 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>lhe<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>são <span class="_6 blank"> </span>fornecidos <span class="_a blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>programa<span class="_0 blank"></span> estabelecido </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y71 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">pelo <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sistema<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>motor;<span class="_9 blank"> </span> caso<span class="_11 blank"> </span> não<span class="_9 blank"> </span> sejam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>sobreponíveis, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y72 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">c<span class="_9 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>r<span class="_9 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>b<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>l<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span>n<span class="_5 blank"> </span>v<span class="_9 blank"> </span>i<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>i<span class="_9 blank"> </span>m<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>d<span class="_5 blank"> </span>i<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>t<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_9 blank"> </span>m<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>n<span class="_5 blank"> </span>t<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span>s <span class="_17 blank"> </span>c<span class="_5 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_5 blank"> </span>r<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span>c<span class="_9 blank"> </span>t<span class="_9 blank"> </span>i<span class="_9 blank"> </span>v<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y73 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">necessários<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> sistema <span class="_5 blank"> </span>motor<span class="_c blank"></span>,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>para <span class="_5 blank"> </span>aumentar <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ou </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y74 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2b ws6">diminuir<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>nível<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de <span class="_f blank"> </span>activação <span class="_f blank"> </span>de<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>determinado </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y75 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">músculo); </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y76 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2c ws6">c)<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ws10">Predição</span><span class="ls2d">, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>signi\ufb01cando<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>papel<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>predictivo <span class="_f blank"> </span>do </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">c<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>b<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>l<span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>m<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>r<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span>l<span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ç<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ã<span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>à<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>p<span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span>s<span class="_11 blank"> </span>i<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ç<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ã<span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>f<span class="_11 blank"> </span>u<span class="_11 blank"> </span>t<span class="_11 blank"> </span>u<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_11 blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>d<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>u<span class="_11 blank"> </span>m </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y78 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">segmento do corpo em movimento; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y79 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">d) <span class="_4 blank"> </span><span class="ff3">Avaliação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>da<span class="_5 blank"> </span> velocidade</span><span class="lsa">, <span class="_4 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>consiste<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>também </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">numa<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>acção <span class="_2 blank"> </span>predictiva,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>independente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>movimento. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">T<span class="_c blank"></span>rata-se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>avaliação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> da<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>velocidade<span class="_5 blank"> </span> por <span class="_4 blank"> </span>fenómenos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h10 y31 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">J. Ma<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_22 blank"></span>eixeir<span class="_3 blank"></span>a, 2011/12 <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="fs1 fc7">3</span></div><div class="t m0 x2c h4 y91 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura <span class="_13 blank"></span>VI - <span class="_22 blank"></span>T<span class="_13 blank"></span>opogra\ufb01a \ufb01logenética</div><div class="t m0 x2d h4 y92 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura <span class="_13 blank"></span>VII - Con\ufb01guração microscópica do cer<span class="_c blank"></span>ebelo</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1516f3f6-8639-4c6a-8508-a7736a087b26/bg4.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">visuais e auditivos; </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">e) <span class="ff3">Regulação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> da<span class="_11 blank"> </span> dinamogenização<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>cortical<span class="ff2 lsa">,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> mantendo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>no<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>adulto<span class="_11 blank"> </span> a<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>activação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>necessária<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>córtice </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y4a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">funcionar <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nas<span class="_c blank"></span> tarefas <span class="_a blank"> </span>motoras.<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>Pensa-se<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>que <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>cerebelo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>desempenha<span class="_c blank"></span> um<span class="_c blank"></span> papel </div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y4b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">importante<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>na<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>modulação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do <span class="_d blank"> </span>nível<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da<span class="_13 blank"></span> vigilidade<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(proporcionando<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>por<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>exemplo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>um </div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y4c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">nível <span class="_5 blank"> </span>óptimo <span class="_b blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_b blank"> </span>e\ufb01cácia <span class="_b blank"> </span>cortical <span class="_5 blank"> </span>especi\ufb01ca)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>e <span class="_5 blank"> </span>na <span class="_b blank"> </span>elaboração<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>dos<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>processos <span class="_b blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y4d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">consciência. </div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls30 ws6">Pode-se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>a\ufb01rmar<span class="_c blank"></span>, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>em<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>síntese, <span class="_10 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_f blank"> </span>cerebelo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>funciona<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>como<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>local <span class="_10 blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y4f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls31 ws6">armazenamento <span class="_f blank"> </span>para<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>as<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>alterações<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>plásticas <span class="_f blank"> </span>que <span class="_f blank"> </span>ocorrem <span class="_f blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>suportam<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2e h3 y50 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">aprendizagem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>motora, <span class="_d blank"> </span>bem<span class="_0 blank"></span> como <span class="_d blank"> </span>está <span class="_d blank"> </span>implicado <span class="_a blank"> </span>na<span class="_0 blank"></span> geração<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_d blank"> </span>novas <span class="_a blank"> </span>respostas </div><div class="t m0 x2f h3 y51 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">adaptativas e dependentes do contexto. </div><div class="t m0 x2f h2 y53 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">GRANDE<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>SÍNTESE<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>DOS<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>NÍVEIS<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>MIELENCEFÁLICO<span class="_5 blank"> </span> E <span class="_4 blank"> </span>METENCEFÁLICO </div><div class="t m0 x2f h2 y54 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">CONSTITUINTES DO CÉREBRO DE RÉPTIL</div><div class="t m0 x2f h3 y55 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">As<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estruturas<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>formam<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>os<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>níveis medular<span class="_0 blank"></span>, mielencefálico<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>metencefálico <span class="_15 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">constituem, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>em<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>termos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>estruturais,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>unidade <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>funcionalmente<span class="_5 blank"> </span> centraliza<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>automaticidade<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y57 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">comportamento. <span class="_11 blank"> </span>T<span class="_22 blank"></span>odos <span class="_9 blank"> </span>os <span class="_11 blank"> </span>nervos <span class="_9 blank"> </span>cranianos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> conectam <span class="_9 blank"> </span>através <span class="_9 blank"> </span>destas <span class="_9 blank"> </span>estruturas,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> bem <span class="_11 blank"> </span>como<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>todos </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y58 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">os<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>neurónios<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>sensório-motores<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>(que<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>ligam <span class="_b blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>resto <span class="_5 blank"> </span>do<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>corpo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ao <span class="_5 blank"> </span>cérebro<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>através <span class="_b blank"> </span>da <span class="_5 blank"> </span>espinal<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>medula). </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y59 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Estão<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>aqui <span class="_b blank"> </span>localizados<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>todos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>os<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>controladores<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>dos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>automatismos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>asseguram<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>suporte<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>para <span class="_b blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">aspectos <span class="_b blank"> </span>mais <span class="_b blank"> </span>básicos <span class="_b blank"> </span>da <span class="_a blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>vida:<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>circulação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sanguínea, <span class="_b blank"> </span>respiração<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sono.<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>Outros<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>controladores<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">automatismos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>cooperam<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>na<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>regulação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>olfacto,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>visão,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>audição<span class="_5 blank"> </span> e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>gosto<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(promovendo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>\ufb01ltragem </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">selectiva<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>uma<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>ressonância<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>das <span class="_6 blank"> </span>entradas <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>informação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> vista <span class="_6 blank"> </span>ao<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>processo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>perceptivo),<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>na </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">regulação do <span class="_11 blank"> </span>movimento <span class="_11 blank"> </span>da<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>cabeça <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> da<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>aceleração<span class="_11 blank"> </span> e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>relação <span class="_11 blank"> </span>do<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>corpo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>com a<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>força<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>da<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>gravidade,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">ajustamento<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_b blank"> </span>fun<span class="_11 blank"> </span>cionamento <span class="_b blank"> </span>sincrónico<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>dos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>olhos <span class="_b blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ouvid<span class="_11 blank"> </span>os, <span class="_b blank"> </span>na<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>in\ufb02uência <span class="_b blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>uso<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>da <span class="_d blank"> </span>boca <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y5f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">nariz<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>para<span class="_c blank"></span> a <span class="_6 blank"> </span>respiração <span class="_a blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>alimentação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>(p.e. <span class="_a blank"> </span>salivação).<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>A<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>este <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nível <span class="_a blank"> </span>também <span class="_6 blank"> </span>se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>coordena <span class="_6 blank"> </span>alguns </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y60 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">pad<span class="_11 blank"> </span>rõ<span class="_11 blank"> </span>es<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>m<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ot<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ore<span class="_11 blank"> </span>s<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>qu<span class="_11 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>tra<span class="_11 blank"> </span>nsm<span class="_11 blank"> </span>it<span class="_11 blank"> </span>em<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>i<span class="_11 blank"> </span>nfo<span class="_11 blank"> </span>rm<span class="_11 blank"> </span>açã<span class="_11 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>p<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ara<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>ou<span class="_11 blank"> </span>tro<span class="_11 blank"> </span>s <span class="_10 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span>rga<span class="_11 blank"> </span>nis<span class="_11 blank"> </span>mo<span class="_11 blank"> </span>s<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>ac<span class="_11 blank"> </span>er<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ca<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>dos <span class="_17 blank"> </span>es<span class="_11 blank"> </span>tad<span class="_11 blank"> </span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">motivacionais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_3 blank"></span>emocionais <span class="_11 blank"> </span>e <span class="_9 blank"> </span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> espa<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ço<span class="_9 blank"> </span> visual <span class="_11 blank"> </span>é,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> em<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>parte,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> mapeado<span class="_9 blank"> </span> aqui<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> referido<span class="_11 blank"> </span> à <span class="_9 blank"> </span>linha<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>média <span class="_9 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y62 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cérebro <span class="_5 blank"> </span>quando<span class="_5 blank"> </span> o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>corpo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> está<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>em<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>repouso.<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>Para <span class="_b blank"> </span>além<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>disso,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>o <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sistema <span class="_b blank"> </span>nervoso<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>em <span class="_5 blank"> </span>geral <span class="_b blank"> </span>é<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>activado </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y63 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">através <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sinais <span class="_a blank"> </span>oriundos das<span class="_c blank"></span> estruturas <span class="_a blank"> </span>reticulares <span class="_6 blank"> </span>activadoras <span class="_6 blank"> </span>do<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>tronco<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>cerebral,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="_6 blank"> </span>que <span class="_6 blank"> </span>é<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y64 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">grande<span class="_5 blank"> </span> importância<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>para<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>os<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>fenómenos<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>consciência <span class="_4 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>atenção.<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>Alguns <span class="_2 blank"> </span>controladores<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y90 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">componentes funcionais da postura e do movimento também estão aqui localizados.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y65 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Os princípios<span class="_9 blank"> </span> reguladores<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>deste<span class="_11 blank"> </span> grande nível <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de funcionamento<span class="_9 blank"> </span> são primariamente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> a rota, <span class="_11 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>rotina<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 h10 y31 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">J. Ma<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_22 blank"></span>eixeir<span class="_3 blank"></span>a, 2011/12 <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="fs1 fc7">4</span></div><div class="c x30 y93 w6 h19"><div class="t m3 xe h1a y94 ff11 fsf fc3 sc0 lsa">10</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y95 ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws11">R7*E#$1;%&()"*2&+*,#:"%-&(N1+*+1#+,$,="D+1#+"%,&,+</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y96 ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws11">S7*B1;./&()"*2&*&2&<$&()"*<+,'"-"$"%&*&.$"-C$,'&*1*,#$1#',"#&/</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y97 ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 ls32 ws12">****&7*H"-&$"$"<,&</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y98 ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws11">****67*<span class="_c blank"></span>8-"%$,A&()"</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y99 ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws11">T7*U%12,()"*P&=&/,&()"*<%12,$,=&*2&*<"+,()"*:.$.%&*2"*'"%<"Q</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y9a ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 ls33 ws13">V7*<span class="_c blank"></span>8=&/,&()"*2&*=1/"',2&21*P=,&*=,+.&/*1*&.2,$,=&Q</div><div class="t m3 x22 h1b y9b ff12 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws11">W7*B1;./&()"*2&*2,#&-";1#,A&()"*'"%$,'&/</div><div class="t m3 x31 h1c y9c ff11 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Somatotopia do vérmis</div><div class="t m3 x32 h1c y9d ff11 fs10 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6"> cer<span class="_c blank"></span>ebeloso do gato</div><div class="t m3 x33 h1a y9e ff11 fsf fc4 sc0 ls34 ws14">A.<span class="lsa ws6"> no estabelecimento de associações entr<span class="_c blank"></span>e estímulos</span></div><div class="t m3 x33 h1a y9f ff11 fsf fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">B. na activ<span class="_c blank"></span>ação dessas associações </div><div class="t m3 x13 h1a ya0 ff11 fsf fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">Papel fundamental:</div><div class="t m3 x34 h1d ya1 ff11 fs11 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Configuração Funcional (cont.)</div><div class="t m3 x35 h1e ya2 ff13 fs12 fc6 sc0 lsa">Cerebelo</div><div class="t m3 x24 h1f ya3 ff12 fsf fc1 sc0 lsa ws15">8<%1#2,A&;1-*-"$"%&*1*</&+$,',2&21*&2&<$&$,=&</div><div class="t m3 x24 h1f ya4 ff12 fsf fc1 sc0 lsa ws15">X1%&()"*21**#"=&+*%1+<"+$&+**&2&<$&$,=&+*1*21<1#21#$1+*2"*'"#$14$"</div></div><div class="c x0 y0 w3 he"><div class="t m3 xa h20 ya5 ff14 fs13 fc6 sc0 ls35 ws6">terça-feira, 3 de Novembro de 2009</div></div><div class="t m0 x36 h4 ya6 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura <span class="_13 blank"></span>VIII - Somatotopia do </div><div class="t m0 x37 h4 ya7 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">vérmis cerebeloso do gato</div><div class="c x2 y79 w7 h21"><div class="t m4 x38 h22 ya8 ff15 fs14 fc3 sc0 lsa">11</div><div class="t m4 x39 h23 ya9 ff16 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Automaticidade do compor<span class="_9 blank"> </span>tamento</div><div class="t m4 x3a h23 yaa ff16 fs15 fc6 sc0 lsa ws16">Medula</div><div class="t m4 x3b h23 yab ff16 fs15 fc6 sc0 lsa ws16">Bulbo</div><div class="t m4 x23 h23 yac ff16 fs15 fc6 sc0 lsa ws6">Protuberância </div><div class="t m4 x3c h23 yad ff16 fs15 fc6 sc0 lsa ws16">Cerebelo</div><div class="t m4 x3d h24 yae ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Nervos cr<span class="_c blank"></span>anianos</div><div class="t m4 x32 h24 yaf ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Neurónios sensór<span class="_11 blank"> </span>io-motor<span class="_c blank"></span>es</div><div class="t m4 x14 h24 yb0 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Olf<span class="_11 blank"> </span>acto </div><div class="t m4 x3e h24 yb1 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws16">Visão</div><div class="t m4 x23 h24 yb2 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws16">Audição</div><div class="t m4 x3e h24 yb3 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws16">Gosto</div><div class="t m4 x3f h24 yb4 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Cir<span class="_c blank"></span>culação sanguínea </div><div class="t m4 x40 h24 yb5 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Respir<span class="_c blank"></span>ação </div><div class="t m4 x41 h24 yb6 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 ls36">Sono</div><div class="t m4 x42 h24 yb7 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Mo<span class="_c blank"></span>vimento da cabeça</div><div class="t m4 x43 h24 yb8 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws17">Equilíbrio</div><div class="t m4 x44 h24 yb9 ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Padrões motor<span class="_0 blank"></span>es automáticos</div><div class="t m4 x45 h24 yba ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Expr<span class="_c blank"></span>essões emocionais</div><div class="t m4 x46 h24 ybb ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Estados motiv<span class="_c blank"></span>acionais</div><div class="t m4 x45 h24 ybc ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">Activ<span class="_c blank"></span>ação ger<span class="_c blank"></span>al do SN</div><div class="t m4 x47 h24 ybd ff15 fs15 fc4 sc0 lsa ws6">(consciência e atenção)</div><div class="t m4 x48 h24 ybe ff15 fs15 fc6 sc0 lsa ws6">A U <span class="_c blank"></span>T O M A <span class="_c blank"></span>T I S M O S</div><div class="t m4 x49 h25 ybf ff17 fs16 fc6 sc0 lsa ws6">GRANDE SÍNTESE DOS NÍVEIS MIELE E METENCEFÁLICO</div></div><div class="c x0 y0 w3 he"><div class="t m4 x4a h26 yc0 ff18 fs17 fc6 sc0 ls37 ws6">terça-feira, 3 de Novembro de 2009</div></div><div class="t m0 x4b h4 yc1 ff7 fs2 fc2 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura IX - <span class="_22 blank"></span>Automaticidadde do compor<span class="_11 blank"> </span>tamento</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1516f3f6-8639-4c6a-8508-a7736a087b26/bg5.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">ritual, ligados às informações temporais que nos inscrevem no aqui e agora (Figura IX).</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y49 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">MESENCÉF<span class="_c blank"></span>ALO</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4a ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Embriologia, localização e morfologia<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">A<span class="_11 blank"> </span> vesícula<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>mesencefálica<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>não<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>sofre<span class="_5 blank"> </span> divisões <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>origina<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>várias <span class="_5 blank"> </span>estruturas, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>entre<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>as<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>quais <span class="_5 blank"> </span>se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>destacam </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">os <span class="ff3 ls2">pedúnculos cerebrais</span> e os <span class="ff3 ls2">tubérculos quadrigémeos</span><span class="ls1b">. </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y4d ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws18">Morfologia <span class="ff2 ws6"> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>- <span class="_f blank"> </span>Na <span class="_10 blank"> </span>face<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>anterior<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>destacam-se<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>os <span class="_10 blank"> </span>pedúnculos <span class="_10 blank"> </span>cerebrais,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>situados<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_25 blank"> </span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>acima<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_16 blank"> </span>da </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">protuberância <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>penetrando<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>hemisférios.<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>São<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>origem <span class="_d blank"> </span>mais <span class="_d blank"> </span>recente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>e <span class="_d blank"> </span>sao<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>constituídos<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>pela </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y4f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws0">base<span class="ff2 ls3b ws6">, <span class="_6 blank"> </span></span><span class="ls2 ws1">tegumentum<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ff2 ls3c ws6"> e<span class="_24 blank"></span> <span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ff3 lsa ws0">tectum<span class="ff2 ws6"> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>(Figura <span class="_2 blank"> </span>X). <span class="_4 blank"> </span>Neles </span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y50 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">existem<span class="_c blank"></span> vários <span class="_6 blank"> </span>agregados<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>ou<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>núcleos<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>celulares, </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y51 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">sendo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>mais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>importante<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o <span class="ff3">núcleo <span class="_6 blank"> </span>rubro</span>.<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>Este, </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y52 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">l<span class="_5 blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span>c<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_b blank"> </span>l<span class="_5 blank"> </span>i<span class="_5 blank"> </span>z<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_5 blank"> </span>-<span class="_b blank"> </span>s<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e <span class="_e blank"> </span>n<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_21 blank"> </span>p<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_5 blank"> </span>r<span class="_b blank"> </span>t<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>m<span class="_5 blank"> </span>a<span class="_5 blank"> </span>i<span class="_5 blank"> </span>s<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>e<span class="_b blank"> </span>s<span class="_5 blank"> </span>p<span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span>s<span class="_5 blank"> </span>s<span class="_b blank"> </span>a <span class="_17 blank"> </span>d<span class="_b blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y53 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">pedúnculos, <span class="_d blank"> </span>sendo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>responsável <span class="_b blank"> </span>pelo <span class="_d blank"> </span>controlo <span class="_d blank"> </span>da </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y54 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls38 ws6">tonicidade <span class="_f blank"> </span>muscular<span class="_0 blank"></span>,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>abrangendo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>sobretudo </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y55 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls39 ws6">músculos<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>esqueléticos<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e <span class="_f blank"> </span>o <span class="_1 blank"> </span>sistema<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_e blank"> </span>extra-</div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y56 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">piramidal.<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>Para<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>além <span class="_b blank"> </span>destes<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>núcleos <span class="_b blank"> </span>descrevem-</div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y57 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">se<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ainda<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>os<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>núcleos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>de <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nervos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>que <span class="_5 blank"> </span>comandam <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y58 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">motricidade<span class="_11 blank"> </span> ocular<span class="_c blank"></span>. <span class="_c blank"></span>A<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_22 blank"></span>face<span class="_11 blank"> </span> posterior<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>\ufb01ca<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>encoberta </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y59 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">com o<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>cerebelo,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_0 blank"></span>mas <span class="_11 blank"> </span>revela, se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>o<span class="_11 blank"> </span> removermos, os </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y5a ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">tubérculos <span class="_9 blank"> </span>quadrigémeos<span class="ff2 lsa">,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>\ufb01logeneticamente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>mais </span></div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y5b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">antigos, <span class="_7 blank"> </span>que<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>constituem<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>2<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>saliências <span class="_7 blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>cada </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y5c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">lado,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>estando<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>uma<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>mais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>à <span class="_b blank"> </span>frente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>(por<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>detrás <span class="_b blank"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y5d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">pedúnculos)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>outra <span class="_f blank"> </span>mais<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>atrás<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(à<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_17 blank"> </span>frente<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y5e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">cerebelo).<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>Em<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>cada<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>um dos<span class="_c blank"></span> lados,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>o<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>tubérculo </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y5f ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> \ufb01ca<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>mais<span class="_11 blank"> </span> à<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>frente<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>\ufb01ca<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>situado<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>num<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>plano </div><div class="t m0 x46 h3 y60 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">superior<span class="_c blank"></span>,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> devido<span class="_5 blank"> </span> à<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>inclinação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>do <span class="_4 blank"> </span>encéfalo <span class="_2 blank"> </span>e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>é </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y61 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">considerado anterior (TQA).</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y62 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Ao<span class="_9 blank"> </span> nível<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>das<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>vias,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>mais<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>importante<span class="_5 blank"> </span> é<span class="_9 blank"> </span> a<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff3">formação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>reticular<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>mesencefálica<span class="_5 blank"> </span> (<span class="ff2">Figura<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>XI).<span class="_11 blank"> </span> A<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_c blank"></span>maior <span class="_5 blank"> </span>parte </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y63 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">dos <span class="_b blank"> </span>neurónios <span class="_b blank"> </span>reticulares<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>estão <span class="_5 blank"> </span>dispersos,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>mas<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>alguns<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>deles <span class="_b blank"> </span>reagrupam-se<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>em <span class="_b blank"> </span><span class="ff3 lsa">núcleos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>especí\ufb01cos<span class="ff2"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y64 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">(núcleo <span class="_5 blank"> </span>ve<span class="_11 blank"> </span>stibular<span class="_c blank"></span>, <span class="_5 blank"> </span>locus <span class="_b blank"> </span>niger<span class="_c blank"></span>,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>núcleo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>rubro, <span class="_b blank"> </span>núcleo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>intersticial<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>presticial,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>corpo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>Luys).<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>De<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>uma </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y90 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">maneira <span class="_d blank"> </span>geral,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>estes <span class="_d blank"> </span>núcleos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>não<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>são<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>considerados<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>como<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>fazendo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>parte<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>da<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>formação<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>reticular<span class="_c blank"></span>, <span class="_d blank"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y65 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">entanto<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>têm<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>conexões <span class="_d blank"> </span>especí\ufb01cas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>estreitas <span class="_d blank"> </span>com<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>esta<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>formação.<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>Comportam-se<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>como<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>centros <span class="_d blank"> </span>de </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y66 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">controle "pré-programados" para movimentos estereotipados.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y67 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Signi\ufb01cado <span class="_6 blank"> </span>anátomo-funcional<span class="_c blank"></span><span class="ff2"> -<span class="_0 blank"></span> Os<span class="_c blank"></span> tubérculos<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>quadrigémeos <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estão<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>ligados <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>funções <span class="_6 blank"> </span>re\ufb02exas, </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y68 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">nomeadamente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span><span class="ff3">re\ufb02exologia<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>pupilar</span><span class="lsa"> <span class="_d blank"> </span>(TQAnteriores)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>a <span class="_d blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2">re\ufb02exologia<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>primária<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>ligada<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>à <span class="_d blank"> </span>estimulação </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y69 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws19">acústica <span class="ff2 ws6"> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>(TQPosteriores).<span class="_9 blank"> </span> A<span class="_9 blank"> </span> FR<span class="_5 blank"> </span> tem <span class="_5 blank"> </span>sido<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>associada,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>em<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>termos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>funcionais,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>uma<span class="_22 blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>grande <span class="_5 blank"> </span>variedade </span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>mecanismos<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>funcionais<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>incluindo: <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(1) <span class="_1 blank"> </span>activação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>geral,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>(2)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_10 blank"> </span>nocicepção, <span class="_1 blank"> </span>(3)<span class="_3 blank"></span> <span class="_f blank"> </span>habituação,<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_4 blank"> </span>(3) </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">antecipação <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>recompensa,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>(4) <span class="_6 blank"> </span>medo <span class="_a blank"> </span>do <span class="_6 blank"> </span>choque,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>(5)<span class="_c blank"></span> sono<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>REM<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>e<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>(6) <span class="_6 blank"> </span>processamento<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>sensorial </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6c ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1">multimodal.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Descreve-se<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>a<span class="_c blank"></span> formação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>reticular <span class="_6 blank"> </span>(FR) <span class="_6 blank"> </span>atendendo<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>às </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">suas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>delimitações <span class="_4 blank"> </span>funcionais, <span class="_2 blank"> </span>em <span class="_4 blank"> </span>duas <span class="_2 blank"> </span>vertentes: <span class="_4 blank"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y6f ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws1a">ascendente <span class="ff2 ls3d ws6"> e<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_3 blank"></span>a<span class="_13 blank"></span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 ls2 ws1">descendente</span><span class="lsa">,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>respectivamente <span class="_b blank"> </span>para <span class="_d blank"> </span>o </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y70 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">córtice e para a periferia. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y71 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3e ws6">A <span class="_0 blank"></span><span class="ff3 lsa">vertente<span class="_9 blank"> </span> ascendente<span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ff2"> (activadora)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>vai<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>do <span class="_11 blank"> </span>mesencéfalo </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y72 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">ao<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>hipotálamo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>posterior <span class="_8 blank"> </span>(alguns <span class="_2 blank"> </span>autores <span class="_8 blank"> </span>consideram </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y73 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">que<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>esta<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>vertente<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>se <span class="_6 blank"> </span>continua<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>pelo<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>sistema<span class="_c blank"></span> talámico </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y74 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">difuso e pelo sistema especí\ufb01co).</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y75 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3e ws6">A <span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff3 lsa">vertente<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>descendente<span class="_5 blank"> </span><span class="ff2"> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>(inibidora),<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>vai<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>em <span class="_d blank"> </span>direcção<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>à </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y76 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">medula,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> intervindo ao<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>nível dos <span class="_8 blank"> </span>alfa<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_7 blank"> </span>moto-neurónios </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y77 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">espinais. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y78 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Funções<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>da formação<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>reticular<span class="ff2">:<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>1)<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_2 blank"> </span>função<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>de "pace-</span></div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y79 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls3a ws6">maker",<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>activador<span class="_c blank"></span>, <span class="_f blank"> </span>centro <span class="_10 blank"> </span>energético<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_1 blank"> </span>cerebral; <span class="_10 blank"> </span>2)<span class="_3 blank"></span> </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7a ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Função<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>de<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>transmissão<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>da <span class="_b blank"> </span>informação,<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>reagrupando-a </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y7b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">e<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>efectuando <span class="_a blank"> </span>elaboração <span class="_a blank"> </span>muito<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_5 blank"> </span>elementar; <span class="_a blank"> </span>3)<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>Função </div><div class="t m0 x2 h10 y31 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">J. Ma<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_22 blank"></span>eixeir<span class="_3 blank"></span>a, 2011/12 <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="fs1 fc7">5</span></div><div class="t m0 x4c h4 yc2 ff7 fs2 fc9 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura X - Morfologia do mesencefalo</div><div class="t m0 x4d h4 y8f ff7 fs2 fc9 sc0 lsa ws6">Figura XI - Formação r<span class="_c blank"></span>eticular</div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/1516f3f6-8639-4c6a-8508-a7736a087b26/bg6.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y48 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>integ<span class="_11 blank"> </span>ração, <span class="_d blank"> </span>no<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>sentido<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>de <span class="_d blank"> </span>ser <span class="_d blank"> </span>um<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>lugar<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_6 blank"> </span>de<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>convergência<span class="_0 blank"></span> de<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_b blank"> </span>mensagens<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>vindas <span class="_d blank"> </span>do <span class="_d blank"> </span>cérebro, <span class="_d blank"> </span>do </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y49 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">cerebelo e do sistema nervoso vegetativo. </div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y4b ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">Relativamente às <span class="ff3">funções genéricas do nível mesencefálico</span> podemos distinguir: </div><div class="t m0 x4e h3 y4c ff19 fs4 fc6 sc0 lsa ws1b">(1) <span class="ff3 fs1 fc0 ws6">função <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estática<span class="_11 blank"> </span><span class="ff2"> <span class="_a blank"> </span>- <span class="_6 blank"> </span>modulação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> tonicidade<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>muscular <span class="_6 blank"> </span>a<span class="_0 blank"></span> <span class="_8 blank"> </span>nível <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da <span class="_6 blank"> </span>postura<span class="_c blank"></span> (ex:<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>núcleo<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>rubro </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4f h3 y4d ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">importante<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>para <span class="_6 blank"> </span>manter<span class="_c blank"></span> o <span class="_a blank"> </span>equilíbrio<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>na<span class="_c blank"></span> posição <span class="_6 blank"> </span>estática),<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>através <span class="_6 blank"> </span>da<span class="_c blank"></span> suas<span class="_11 blank"> </span> <span class="_d blank"> </span>ligações <span class="_6 blank"> </span>com <span class="_6 blank"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x4f h3 y4e ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">cerebelo; </div><div class="t m0 x4e h3 y4f ff19 fs4 fc6 sc0 lsa ws1b">(2) <span class="ff3 fs1 fc0 ls2 ws6">função hipno-activadora e hipno-indutora<span class="ff2 lsa"> - através da FR na activação cortical e muscular; </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4e h3 y50 ff19 fs4 fc6 sc0 lsa ws1b">(3) <span class="ff3 fs1 fc0 ls2 ws6">função <span class="_5 blank"> </span>oculógira<span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="ff2 lsa"> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>-<span class="_c blank"></span> <span class="_a blank"> </span>a <span class="_5 blank"> </span>nível <span class="_b blank"> </span>da <span class="_b blank"> </span>regulação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> e<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>coordenação<span class="_5 blank"> </span> <span class="_11 blank"> </span>re\ufb02exa <span class="_b blank"> </span>dos <span class="_b blank"> </span>movimentos <span class="_5 blank"> </span>oculares,<span class="_9 blank"> </span> <span class="_9 blank"> </span>da </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x4f h3 y51 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">re\ufb02exologia pupilar<span class="_c blank"></span>, etc.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h2 y53 ff1 fs1 fc0 sc0 lsa ws6">Bibliogra\ufb01a Especí\ufb01ca</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y54 ff2 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls2 ws6">Rodrigues, C. (1998): Manual de Psicologia / 2. Porto: Contraponto (Capítulo 1).</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y55 ff2 fs1 fca sc0 lsa ws6">V<span class="_c blank"></span>oogd, J. e Glickstein, M. (1998). The anatomy of the cerebellum. <span class="_c blank"></span>Trends Neurosci. 21: 370\u2013375.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h3 y56 ff2 fs1 fca sc0 lsa ws6">Middleton, F<span class="_22 blank"></span>. e Strick, P<span class="_13 blank"></span>. (1998). The cerebellum: an overview<span class="_c blank"></span>. TINS, 21 (9): 367-369.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h10 y31 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 lsa ws6">J. Ma<span class="_11 blank"> </span>r<span class="_c blank"></span>ques-T<span class="_22 blank"></span>eixeir<span class="_3 blank"></span>a, 2011/12 <span class="_9 blank"> </span><span class="fs1 fc7">6</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div>
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