ESTUDOS CULTURAIS EM LÍNGUA INGLESA AULA 8

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1a Questão
	
	
	
	
	All of the following typically generate cultural change, except:
		
	
	invention.
	
	discovery.
	 
	ethnocentrism.
	
	diffusion.
	
	none of the aabove.
	
Explicação:
Ethnocentrism is a concept of anthropology defined as the view demonstrated by someone who considers their ethnic group or culture the center of everything, therefore, on a  more important level than other cultures and societies. An ethnocentric individual considers the norms and values of his own culture better than those of other cultures. This can be a problem because it often gives rise to prejudices and unfounded ideas.
	
	
	 
	
	 2a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that is INCORRECT in relation to complete the following statement:
Popular culture creates a "mass society", that is, a society in which __________.
		
	
	Individuals keep their individuality.
	
	individuals come to rely on strong authority from above
	
	Individuals lose their sense of community
	 
	Individuals act in a similar way with practically standardized tastes and interests
	
	Individuals tend to behave in particular specific ways.
	
Explicação:
The major impact of mass culture is the homogenization of individuals, it is clear why this relationship with the concept of mass society. If by reaching a large number of people the media are able to disseminate planned models of culture that do not consider the differentiated possibilities of tastes and identities and massify thoughts and tastes, then there is the formation of a homogeneous mass: mass society.
	
	
	 
	
	 3a Questão
	
	
	
	
	How can functionalism be defined?
		
	
	It is the perspective in sociology according to which society does not consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose.
	 
	It is the perspective in sociology according to which society consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a general purpose.
	
	It is the perspective in astrology according to which society consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose.
	
	It is the perspective in arts according to which society consists of different but related parts, each of which serves a particular purpose.
	
	It is the perspective in sociology according to which society consists of different and separate parts, each of which serves a particular purpose.
	
Explicação:
Functionalism is a theory adapted to different fields of knowledge, such as philosophy, psychology and anthropology. Its main objective is to explain society, collective and individual actions, from causalities, that is, functions. In this way society, or what is observed from this theory, is understood as an organism, composed of related organs and with specific functions.
	
	
	 
	
	 4a Questão
	
	
	
	
	What are the strengths of functionalism in relation to culture?
		
	
	It allows us to think about the nature of the social system as a whole, changes the process of socialization and explain how culture can create order in society.
	
	It allows us to think about the nature of the social system as a whole, changes the process of socialization and explain how culture cannot create order in society.
	
	It does not allow us to think about the nature of the social system as a whole, explains the process of socialization and how culture can create order in society.
	 
	It allows us to think about the nature of the social system as a whole, explains the process of socialization and how culture can create order in society.
	
	It allows us change the nature of the social system as a whole, explains the process of socialization and how culture can create order in society.
	
	
	 
	
	 5a Questão
	
	
	
	
	A militant group advocates dropping out of the political system and disrupting society. What does this anti-government group represent?
		
	
	Eurocentrism
	 
	counterculture
	
	popular culture
	 
	none of the above
	
	subculture
	
Explicação:
Counterculture is a movement related to a style of mobilization and social contestation  and new mass media. Young people innovating styles, turning more to the anti-social in the eyes of more conservative families, with a more liberal spirit, summarized as an underground culture, alternative culture or marginal culture, focused mainly on the transformations of consciousness, values and behavior , in the search for other spaces and new channels of expression for the individual and small daily realities, although the Hippie movement, which represents this peak, aimed at transforming society as a whole, through awareness, change of attitude and of political protest.
	
	
	 
	
	 6a Questão
	
	
	
	
	New elements of technology, such as test-tube babies, emerge faster than societal ideas about how to use them. What is this inconsistency called?
		
	
	cultural integration
	
	none of the above
	
	cultural transmission
	
	cultural relativism
	 
	cultural lag
	
Explicação:
Cultural lag ¿ also called culture lag ¿ describes what happens in a social system when the ideals that regulate life do not keep pace with other changes which are often ¿ but not always ¿ technological. Advances in technology and in other areas effectively render old ideals and social norms obsolete, leading to ethical conflicts and crises. 
	
	
	 
	
	 7a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Durkheim thoughts revealed the independent existence of social facts in relation to persons. He created the expression collective conscious, which means
		
	
	the standardized manner of conduct and thought that may not be observed in an inner social group.
	
	the abusive manner of conduct and thought that may be observed in an inner social group.
	
	the exotic manner of conduct and thought that may be observed in an inner social group.
	
	the strange manner of conduct and thought that may be observed in an inner social group.
	 
	the standardized manner of conduct and thought that may be observed in an inner social group.
	
	
	 
	
	 8a Questão
	
	
	
	
	Choose the alternative that is correct in relation to Post modernism and identity:
		
	
	Postmodernists such as Crook suggests that present-day identities are much more fluid and ambivalent than they were under the rigid constraints in class identity in the past. Now individuals are free to behave rigidly, through consumption and the creative adaptation of life-styles.
	
	Romantics such as Crook suggests that present-day identities are much more fluid and ambivalent than they were under the rigid constraints in class identity in the past. Now individuals are free to become who they wish, through consumption and the creative adaptation of life-styles.
	 
	Postmodernists such as Crook suggests that present-day identities are much more fluid and ambivalent than they were under the rigid constraints in class identity in the past. Now individuals are free to become who they wish, through consumption and the creative adaptation of life-styles.
	
	b. Postmodernists such as Crook suggests that present-day identities are not much more fluid and ambivalent than they were under the rigid constraints in class identity in the past. Now individuals are free to become who they wish, through consumption and the creative adaptation of life-styles.
	
	Postmodernists such as Crook suggests that present-day identities are much more fluid and ambivalent than they were under the rigid constraints in class identity in the past. Now individuals are not free to become who they wish, through consumption and the creativeadaptation of life-styles.