37 Yoshida Y. (2000)

Shear Reinforcement for Large Lightly Reinforced Concrete Members 
Yoichi Yoshida 
A thesis submitted in conformîty with the requirements 
for the Degree of Master of Applied Science 
Graduate Department of Civil Engineering 
University of Toronto 
O Copyright by Yoichi Yoshida, 2000 
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Shear Reinforcement for Large Lightly Reinforced Concrete Members 
Master of Applied Science, 2000 
Yoichi Yoshida 
Graduate Department of Civil Engineering 
Universisr of Toronto 
Abstract 
To obtain expenmental data about the shear capacity of very large concrete members, 
four tests invofving 2m deep beams, which are believed to be the largest bearn-type specimens 
tested in North Amerka were conducted. The four sections studied contained various arnounts 
of shear reinforcement. 
The following conclusions were arrived at fiom this study. 
The specimen not containing transverse reinforcement failed at a shear which was only 
47% of the failure load predicted by the shear provisions of the curent AC1 Building 
Code. 
Providing a small amount of shear reinforcement greatly enhanced the response of the 
beams in terms of shear capacity and ductility. For the same total amount of stimps the 
shear capacity increased as the spacing of transverse reinforcement decreased. 
The procedures in the CSA code based on The Modified Compression Field Theory yield 
generally good estimates of failure for al1 of the specimens. 
Acknowledgments 
First and foremost I would like to thank my s u p e ~ s o r , Professor Michael P. Collins for 
giving me a chance to study and to do research with him on such an interesting research topic. I 
also appreciate his expertise and guidance he has given me throughout this research. 
1 want to express my appreciation to my fellow graduate students here at the University 
of Toronto for their fnendship, their suggestions on vanous aspects of rny research, and their 
generous assistance dunng the tests. Among them I name here only my roommates: 
Evan C. Bentz, Almila Uzel, Young-Joon Kim, and Cao Sheng. 
The experimental project wouldn't have succeeded without the help of the staff at the 
Mark Huggins Structural Laboratory. 1 would like to take this opportunity to express al1 my 
gratitude for their professional expertise and kind support. 1 also thank Mr. Peter Leesti for his 
constant care regarding my research. 
My stay at Toronto as a graduate student was made possible by Obayashi Corporation, 
which 1 really thank for giving me the chance to study in Canada for two years and for providing 
continuous financial support dunng my stay. 
Table of Contents 
Abstract 
Acknowledgments 
Table of Contents 
List of Tables 
List of Figures 
List of Appendices 
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 
1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... I 
1.2 Research Objectives and Layout of Work ....................................................................... 3 
2 Review of Related Work and Code Provisions .................................................................... 4 
................................................................................................. 2.1 Review of Related Work 4 
................................................................ 2.1.1 Effect of Member Size on Shear Strength 4 
2.1.2 Effect of Minimum Shear Reinforcement on Shear Strength ................................... 6 
2.1.3 Modified Compression Field ïheory ....................................................................... 7 
2.1.4 Large Bearn Tests at the University of Toronto .............................................. 10 
. . 2.2 Review of Code Provisions ........................................................................................... 1 3 
2.2.1 AC1 3 18-99 ............................................................................................................ 13 
2.2.2 C SA-A23 . 3-94 (Generai Method) ........................................................................ 14 
2.3 Brief Introduction of Analysis Program ......................................................................... 18 
2.3.1 Response-2000 ...................................................................................................... -18 
3 Experimental Test Program ............................................................................................... 20 
3.1 Specimen Details ......................................................................................................... 20 
3.2 Matenal Properties ....................................................................................................... -24 
3.2.1 Concrete Properties ................................................................................................ 24 
3.2.2 S tee1 Properties ..................................................................................................... -26 
3 -3 Specimen Construction .................................................................................................. 2 7 
3.3.1 Form-work ................................................... ..............,,,...................... ............. -27 
3 .3 .2 Concrete Pour and Cure ..................... ... ........ ..... ................................................... -30 
3.3.3 Specimen Transportation ...................................................................................... 3 1 
3.4 Test Rig Details ............................................................................................................. 34 
3.4.1 Instrumentation and Data Acquisition .................................................................... 34 
........................................................................... 3 .4.2 Strain Gauges on Reinforcement -37 
...............*.. ..*.*..*..........................*..*.....-..-.......................*. 3 -5 Load Procedure. ................... 3 9 
3 -6 Reinforcement afker Test ................................................................................................ 39 
4 Test Results and Analysis .................................................................................................. 42 
........................................................................... 4.1 Overview of Result of YB2000 Series 42 
................................................................ 4.2 Effect of Member Depth on Shear Strength -49 
.................................................. 4.2.1 Effect of Member Depth Observed in Test Result 49 
..................................... 4.2.2 Prediction of Beam's Shear Strength Using Design