Inglês

Prévia do material em texto

Inglês 
 
 1 
 UNIDADE 1 
PERSONAL PRONOUNS 
 Person Subject Object Possessive 
Adjective 
Possessive 
pronoun 
 Reflexive 
SINGULAR First I 
e.g. I have 
a book. 
me 
e.g. Give 
me the 
book. 
mine 
e.g. The book is 
mine. 
my 
e.g. It is my 
book. 
myself 
e.g. I did it myself. 
Second you 
e.g. You 
have a 
book. 
you 
e.g. I will 
give you 
the book. 
yours 
e.g. The book is 
yours. 
your 
e.g. It is your 
book. 
yourself 
e.g. You did it 
yourself. 
Third he / she / 
it 
e.g. 
He/she/ it 
has a 
book. 
him / her 
/ it 
e.g. I will 
give 
him/her/it 
the book. 
his / hers / its 
e.g. The book is 
his/hers. 
his / her / its 
e.g. It is his/her 
book. 
himself/herself 
e.g. He did it 
himself / She did it 
herself. 
PLURAL First we 
e.g. We 
have some 
books. 
us 
e.g. Give 
us the 
books. 
ours 
e.g. The books 
are ours. 
our 
e.g. They are 
our books. 
ourselves 
e.g. We did it 
ourselves. 
Second you 
e.g. You 
have some 
books. 
you 
e.g. I will 
give you 
the 
books. 
yours 
e.g. The books 
are yours. 
your 
e.g. They are 
your books. 
yourselves 
e.g. You did it 
yourselves. 
Third they 
e.g. They 
have some 
books. 
them 
e.g. I will 
give them 
the 
books. 
theirs 
e.g. The books 
are theirs. 
their 
e.g. They are 
their books. 
themselves 
e.g. They did it 
themselves. 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Replace the nouns using subject pronouns. 
 
a)The girls: _____ b) an eggplant: _____ 
 c) the employer: _____ d) Paul and I: ____ 
e) Iphones: _____ f) Your stepbrothers and you: ______ 
g) Mrs. Jones: _____ 
 
2. Complete the sentences using the subject and object 
pronouns. 
 
a)”Do you know that man”? “Yes, I work with ________. 
b) Where are the tickets? I can’t find _______. 
c) I can’t find my keys. Where are ______? 
d) We’re going out. Do you want to come with _______? 
e) I’ve got a new computer. Do you want to see _______? 
f) Maria likes music. ______ plays the piano. 
g) I’m talking to you. Please listen to _______. 
h) Where is Anna? I need to talk to _______. 
i) My nephew has a new job, but ______ doesn’t like 
______ very much. 
 
 
 
 
3. Choose the right word. 
a) It’s their/ theirs problem, not our/ ours. 
b) This is a nice camera. Is it your/ yours? 
c) That’s not my/ mine umbrella. My/ Mine is black. 
d) Whose books are these? Your/ Yours or my/ mine? 
e) My/ Mine room is bigger than her/ hers. 
 
4. Complete the sentences with REFLEXIVE 
PRONOUNS. 
a) The boy blame ____________ for the car accident. 
b) I burned ____________ while I was cooking lunch. 
c) You’re very noisy kids! Behave ___________ while 
your grandparents are here. 
d) The tigers hurt ___________ when it was hunting in 
the fields. 
e) The little girl smiled When she saw ___________ in 
the mirror. 
f) We enjoy _____________ at the party yesterday. 
 
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 
 
O Simple Present Tense é usado para descrever ações 
habituais ou uma verdade em geral. Você não encontrará 
dificuldade neste tempo verbal, porque para todas as 
 Inglês 
 
 2 
pessoas o verbo ficará igual, exceto na terceira pessoa do 
singular (he , she , it), onde o verbo receberá um “s”. 
 
Exemplos: 
Nancy plays chess every night. 
Thieves always steal. 
 
Pay Attention: 
- Se o verbo terminar em: s, ss, ch, sh, x, z ou o, 
acrescenta-se “es”. 
George does his homework every night. 
Leo watches TV every Saturday night. 
He never brushes his teeth. 
 
- Se o verbo terminar em “y” precedido de uma 
consoante, tira-se o y e acrescenta-se “ies”. 
Kate studies at night. 
Karen cries at the end of every romantic film. 
 
- Se o “y” vier após uma vogal, acrescenta-se apenas o 
“s”. 
 
Patricia usually plays cards by herself. 
Everybody says that I am too short. 
 
- Expressões usadas com o Simple Present: 
 day 
 night 
 afternoon 
Every week 
 month 
 year 
 Sunday 
 
 a day 
Once a year 
 
twice a week 
 a month 
 
-Alguns advébios de frequência: 
 
Always, never, sometimes, usually, hardly, seldom, 
rarely… 
 
Interrogative and Negative forms 
(affirmative form) 
Technology protects people. 
They show some pictures to me. 
 
(interrogative form) 
Does technology protect people? 
Do they show some pictures to me? 
 
(negative form ) 
Technology doesn’t protect people. 
They don’t show some pictures to me. 
Assim observamos que o auxiliar do Simple Present é 
“does” para a terceira pessoa do singular (he, she, it) e 
“do” para as demais pessoas (I , you , we , they). 
 
Exercícios de Sala 
 
5. Choose the best form of the verbs to complete the 
sentences: 
A - Mr. Martin __________________ downtown on foot 
every afternoon. 
a) to go b) go c) gos d) goes 
 
B - James usually________________ black clothes on 
Saturday night. 
a) wears b) is wearing c) wear d) to wear 
 
C - We _________ exactly what we __________. 
a) knows / wan c know / wants 
b) know / want d) knows / wants 
 
6. Complete the questions with do or does : 
a)______________ Helen live in London ? 
b)______________ those girls work hard ? 
c)______________ Susan have two lovely sisters ? 
d)______________ you like to read books ? 
 
7. Choose the best option to complete the following 
sentences: 
My uncle ___________ his new car. 
a) like b) likes c) liking d) is like 
 
8. Teenagers __________ that new song. 
a)love b) loves c) loved d) NRA 
 
9. Put the sentences below in the Interrogative and 
Negative forms: 
a) I drink milk once a week. 
I - __________________________________________ 
N ____________________________________________ 
 
b) She does the dishes three times a day. 
I - ___________________________________________ 
N - ___________________________________________ 
 
c) She has breakfast early. 
I - __________________________________________ 
N - __________________________________________ 
 
d) Marcelo studies Physics every Monday. 
I - ___________________________________________ 
N - ___________________________________________ 
 
10. Complete the spaces with the correct form of the 
Simple Present Tense: 
a) He ______________ (to plan) the crime. 
b) Susan ______________ (to Know) exactly what she 
__________ (to want). 
c) Mary ____________ (to spend) hours walking. 
d) I ____________ (to drink) soft drinks. 
 
Tarefa Mínima  
 
Text one 
 The tree is a beautiful machine that works for the 
benefit of man. Most forms of life on Earth need oxygen. 
We do not get oxygen from industrial machines. We get it 
from the tree machine. The tree machine makes the 
oxygen that we need to take from the air. 
 Industrial machines pollute the air. Trees do not 
pollute the air. On the contrary, they clean it. The 
industrial machines make a lot of noise. The tree machine 
does not make any noise. On the contrary, it filters noise. 
 The tree machine does not need coal, oil, gas or 
electricity to work. Its fuel comes from water, sun light 
 Inglês 
 
 3 
and carbon dioxide. When a tree dies, it helps new plants. 
The combination of water, insects, and micro-organisms 
in the soil causes the decomposition of a tree. When a tree 
dies, it gives nutrients to the soil for other trees use as 
fuel. So, the tree does not die, really. It recycles its 
substance for the benefit of all animal and plant life. 
 Please remember: the tree is your friend. Do not 
destroy it. 
Vocabulary: 
Earth: Terra (planeta) 
To need: precisar (de) 
To clean: limpar 
Noise: barulho 
Coal: carvão 
Fuel:combustível 
To die: morrer 
To destroy: destruir 
Soil: solo 
 
11. According to the text, choose the correct alternative 
to complete the sentence: 
Trees don’t cause pollution, they _______ the air. 
a) take 
b) come 
c) pollute 
d) clean 
e) get 
 
12. Choose the correct alternative, according to the text 
above: 
a) Trees make a lot of noise. 
b) When a tree dies, it recycles its substances. 
c) Trees need electricity to work. 
d) Trees don’t need sunlight 
e) The soil is composed by coal, oil, and gas. 
 
13. According to the text, the author compares a tree with: 
a) A machine 
b) The Earth 
c) A man 
d) Life 
e) Micro-organisms 
 
14. According to the text, select the correct answer for 
the following question: 
 
Who does the tree help when it dies? 
a) The industries. 
b) Insects and micro-organisms. 
c) All animal and plant life. 
d) The oxygen in the air. 
e) The soil, the water, and the air. 
 
15. Select the correct answer for the following question, 
according to the text : 
Does the tree machine need coal, gas or electricity to 
work? 
a) No, it doesn’t. 
b) Yes, it does. 
c) No, they don’t. 
d) Yes, they do. 
e) Yes, it needs 
 
16. Select the correct English translation for the 
following sentence: 
Nós vivemos no planeta Terra. 
a) You live on the planet Earth. 
b) Live in the planet the Earth. 
c) We can live on the planet Earth 
d) We live on the planet Earth. 
e) You lived in the planet Earth. 
 
17. Identify the sentences in which the underlined verb 
forms are in the Simple Present Tense: 
1. The tree is a beautiful machine. 
2. Trees don’t pollute the air. 
3. Industrial machines are polluting the air. 
4. Water and insects caused decomposition. 
5. The trees filter the noise. 
 Select the correct, sequence from the top to the 
bottom: 
a) 1 – 3 - 4 
b) 2 – 3 – 4 
c) 2 – 4 – 5 
d) 1 – 2 – 5 
e) 1 – 2 – 3 
 
18. Select the alternative which presents the correct 
affirmative form of the underlined verb in the sentence: 
We don’t get oxygen from industrial machines. 
a) are getting 
b) gets 
c) get 
d) have got 
e) got 
 
 UNIDADE 2 
 
Text two 
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF FRED LEWIS 
 
 Fred Lewis, a fashion designer from New York, 
talks to Margot Townsend: 
 I get up every day at eleven o'clock. I don’t like 
getting up early. I never eat breakfast – I sometimes have 
a cup of tea. I eat nothing during the day. I just don’t feel 
hungry at all. 
 I live about eight minutes from the office. I drive to 
the office every morning in my car – a black BMW. I love 
driving. I always wear black or navy blue. I don’t like 
bright colors. 
 I work from about noon till seven in the evening. I 
don’t mind working late. Before a fashion show I usually 
work until eleven or twelve at night. I eat out in 
restaurants about six nights a week. I hate going to new 
restaurants. I usually go to a few old favorites. 
I live with my daughter, who’s eighteen. The 
apartment is always untidy. She hates cooking and 
cleaning the house and so do I! I don’t spend much time 
in my home. 
I usually stay in New York at the weekend. I don’t 
mind that because I hate making plans. The traffic in New 
York is always terrible but sometimes I just get in my car 
and drive. 
 
 
 Inglês 
 
 4 
Vocabulary: 
Matter: problema 
Staircase: escadaria 
Meat: carne 
Noon: meio-dia 
Almost: quase 
Daughter: filha 
Until: até 
Can: poder 
To stay: ficar, permanecer 
To spend: passar 
To hate: odiar 
To mind: importar-se 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. About Fred’s daughter is NOT true that... 
a) She’s eighteen. 
b) She hates cleaning the house. 
c) She likes driving her father’s car. 
d) She lives with her father. 
e) She dislikes cooking. 
 
2. Mark the correct proposition according to text two. 
a) He dislikes driving. 
b) He lives in a beautiful house. 
c) He never works till late at night. 
d) Fred does not eat during the day. 
e) Fred hates going to old restaurants. 
 
3. Mark the correct proposition according to text 2. 
a) Fred gets up at twelve o'clock. 
b) Fred eats out almost every day. 
c) Fred is a website designer. 
d) Fred lives far from his work. 
e) Fred likes cleaning the house. 
 
4. Answer the question according to text two. 
Does Fred live in a flat? 
a) No, he don’t. 
b) Yes, he does. 
c) No, he doesn’t. 
d) Yes. he is. 
e) No, he isn’t. 
 
5. Which question(s) CAN be answered according to text 
2: 
01. Who does Fred live with? 
02. When was the fashion show? 
04. What is the traffic in New York city like? 
08. Where does Fred live? 
16. How old is Fred’s daughter? 
6. Text two contains information about Fred’s... 
01. daily routine 
02. daughter 
04. wife 
08. occupation 
16. habits 
 
Text Three 
The Mountains 
 The Himalayas are the best-known mountain range 
in the world and Mt Everest, with a height of 8,880 
meters, is the highest mountain. Since Edmund Hillary 
made the first ascent in 1953, mountaineers from many 
countries have managed to climb to the peak. Normally 
they need to take oxygen cylinders to help them breathe 
and other special equipment including ropes to connect 
themselves to each other. It’s a dangerous sport and many 
people have lost their lives, not just in the way up but 
during the descent as well. 
Vocabulary: 
High: alto 
Height: altura 
Ascent: subida 
 
Tarefa Complementar  
 
7. Mark the correct proposition according to the text. 
a) The second person who climbed the Everest was Sir 
Edmund Hillary. 
b) Some climbers die when coming down the mountains. 
c) It is an easy sport because the climbers use ropes and 
other equipments. 
d) The mountaineers never have to take oxygen 
cylinders. 
e) There are avalanches on the Everest. 
 
8. Mark the correct proposition according to the text. 
a) The Everest is the highest mountain in Brazil. 
b) There is no need of equipment to climb the Everest. 
c) People from different nationalities have climbed 
Mount Everest. 
d) Edmund Hillary is a famous peak. 
e) People go snowboarding on the Everest’s slopes. 
 
9. Mark the correct proposition according to the text. 
a) During the climbing is not difficult to breathe because 
there is much oxygen available. 
b) Helmets are important equipment for the climbing. 
c) In some parts of the climbing the mountaineers use 
ropes to tie themselves to each other. 
d) Mt Everest is almost eight hundred meters high. 
e) Mountain-climbing is not a sport. 
 
10. Which question cannot be answered, according to the 
text? 
a) When did Edmund Hillary climb the Everest? 
b) Why do climbers need to take oxygen cylinders? 
c) How long is the ascent of Mount Everest? 
d) What are the Himalayas? 
e) How high is the Everest? 
 
11. Answer the following question according to the text: 
Does a mountaineer need to take oxygen cylinders? 
a) No, they don’t. 
b) Yes, he does. 
c) Yes, they do. 
d) No, they didn’t. 
e) Yes, they does. 
 
A song 
LET IT BE (The beatles) 
When I ___________(1)myself in time of trouble 
Mother Mary ___________(2)to me 
Speaking words of _____________(3, let it be... 
 Inglês 
 
 5 
And in my hours of darkness 
She's standing right in front of me 
Speaking words of wisdom, let it be... 
 
And All the broken hearted people 
Living in the world ____________(4) 
There will be an answer, let it be... 
For though they may be parted 
There is still a chance that they ____(5)see 
There will be an answer let it be... 
 
Let it be, let it be, let it be, let it be 
____________(6)words of wisdom, let it be... 
 
And when the night ________(7)cloudy 
There's still a light that _____________(8) on me 
Shine until tomorrow, let it be... 
I wake up to the sound of music 
Mother Mary comes to me 
Speaking words of wisdom, let it be... 
Let it be, let it be, let it be,let it be 
There will be an answer, let it be... 
Let it be, let it be, let it be, let it be 
Whisper words of wisdom, let it be... 
 
 UNIDADE 3 
 
SIMPLE PAST TENSE 
 
 O Simple Past tense é usado para descrever ações 
acabadas num tempo determinado e para ações habituais 
no passado. 
Também no Simple Past tense, usamos uma 
única forma do verbo para todas as pessoas (exceto o 
verbo to be). 
 
Veja os exemplos: 
 
I taught / You taught / He taught / We taught / etc. 
 
-Expressões que geralmente aparecem com o Simple Past: 
 
 week 
 month 
 last night 
 year 
 Saturday 
 
 
 One hour 
 Two days 
 A week ago 
 Two minutes 
 
Interrogative and Negative forms 
 
(affirmative form) Helen wrote a letter to me yesterday. 
(interrogative form) Did Helen write a letter to me 
yesterday ? 
(negative form) Helen didn’t write to me yesterday. 
 
Assim observamos que o auxiliar do Simple Past 
é o “did” e usamos nas formas Interrogativa e Negativa. O 
verbo principal da oração fica no infinitivo sem o “to”. 
 
 
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS 
 
Regular Verbs 
 Os verbos regulares em Inglês são reconhecidos pela 
terminação –ed tanto no simple past quanto no past 
participle. 
Veja os exemplos: 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To love (amar) loved loved 
To walk (caminhar) walked walked 
To work (trabalhar) worked worked 
 
Há algumas particularidades que você precisa saber 
com relação aos verbos regulares: 
 
- Se o verbo terminar em “e”, acrescenta-se apenas o 
“d”. 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To dance (dançar) danced danced 
To agree (concordar) agreed agreed 
 
- Se o verbo terminar em “y” e for precedido de vogal, 
deixa-se o y e acrescenta-se “ed”. 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To play (jogar, brincar) played played 
To pray (rezar) prayed prayed 
 
- Se o verbo terminar em “y” e for precedido de 
consoante, tira-se o “y” e acrescenta-se “ied”. 
 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To study (estudar) studied studied 
To try (tentar) tried tried 
 
- Se o verbo tiver uma sílaba e terminar em “consoante 
– vogal – consoante” (c-v-c), dobra-se a última 
consoante e acrescenta-se “ed” . 
 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To stop (parar) stopped stopped 
To plan (planejar) planned planned 
 
- Se o verbo tiver mais de uma sílaba e a última for 
tônica, dobra-se a última sílaba e acrescenta-se “ed”. 
 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To admit (admitir) admitted admitted 
To omit (omitir) omitted omitted 
 
Irregular Verbs 
Os verbos irregulares não apresentam regras para a 
formação do Simple past e Past participle ,ou seja, cada 
um tem uma forma própria de passado. 
Veja os exemplos: 
 
Infinitive Simple past Past participle 
To tell (contar) told told 
To keep (guardar) kept kept 
To teach (ensinar) taught taught 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. (UEL): 
I ____________ to school everyday when I was a child. 
a) walk b) will walk c) have walked d) walked 
 
 Inglês 
 
 6 
2. (UFC): I’m terribly upset. My team _____ its third 
game this season. 
a) lose b) loses c) losing d) lost 
 
3. Choose the best option to complete the following 
sentences: 
I __________ her six days ago. 
a) leave b) have left c) left d) leaved 
 
4. They ___________ to learn Biology last month. 
a) begin b) began c) begun d)nra 
 
5. Put the sentences below in the Interrogative and 
Negative forms: 
 
a)You bought a new car two years ago. 
I - __________________________________________ 
N - __________________________________________ 
 
b) I drank milk when I was a child. 
I - __________________________________________ 
N - __________________________________________ 
 
c) They watched the soccer game yesterday. 
I - __________________________________________ 
N - ___________________________________________ 
 
Tarefa Mínima  
 
Text Four 
 An attractive young woman had just deplaned at 
Los Angeles International Airport, and stood at the gate 
waiting for someone in the crowd to greet her. After some 
time had passed, she approached a man who had not yet 
greeted anyone. “Are you waiting for a girl named 
Debbie?” she asked cautiously. 
 The man hesitated for a moment, then smiled broadly 
and gave her a bear-hug and a semi-passionate kiss. 
Finally he stepped back and, a little sheepishly, replied, 
“No, I’m not.” 
 
6. Select the incorrect alternative, according to text: 
a) The man and Debbie didn’t know each other. 
b) The woman stood at the gate. 
c) The girl asked the man if he was waiting for a person 
called Debbie. 
d) They left the airport together. 
e) The girl did not know the person who would pick her 
up at the airport. 
 
7. Which question(s) below cannot be answered, 
according to the text? 
01. Who was the man waiting for? 
02. Where did she land on? 
04. What’s the girl’s name? 
08. How did the man greet the girl? 
16. When did she leave Los Angeles? 
 
8. The text mentions: 
01. The man’s name; 
02. The gate number Debbie was waiting; 
04. The type of kiss she received from the man; 
08. Where she went when she left the airport ; 
16. The airport’s name. 
 UNIDADE 4 
 
 Text Five 
 When Charlie Chaplin was at the peak of his 
popularity, there was a “Charlie Chaplin Contest” in an 
American theater. They promised to give a silver cup to 
the person who made himself look exactly like Charlie. 
The great artist decided to enter the contest himself. He 
came second. 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. According to the text, mark the incorrect proposition: 
a) Many people knew Charlie Chaplin. 
b) The artist entered in the contest. 
c) The contest was in the USA. 
d) The prize was a silver cup. 
e) Chaplin was American. 
 
2. The text is in the... 
a) Simple Past Tense; 
b) Simple Present Tense; 
c) Simple Future; 
d) Present Continuous Tense; 
e) Past Perfect Tense. 
 
3. According to the text, the correct answer for the 
following sentence is... 
Which contest did Charlie Chaplin participate? 
a) A contest for participating in a film. 
b) A contest for participating in a theater play. 
c) A sport contest. 
d) An imitation contest. 
e) A contest for the TV. 
 
4. The interrogative form of the sentence below is ... 
Charlie Chaplin was a great comedian. 
a) Was a great Charlie Chaplin comedian? 
b) Did he was a great comedian? 
c) Does he be a great comedian? 
d) Was he a great comedian? 
e) He wasn’t a great comedian? 
 
A Song 
NORWEGIAN WOOD (THE BEATLES) 
Once _________ (1) a girl, or should I say, 
She once had me... 
She __________ (2) me her room, isn't it good, 
Norwegian wood? 
 
She asked me to stay and she __________ (3) me to sit 
anywhere, 
So I looked around and I __________ (4) there wasn't a 
chair. 
I __________ (5) on a rug, biding my time, drinking her 
wine. 
We talked until two and then she __________ (6), 
"It's time for bed" 
 
She told me she __________(7) in the morning and 
started to laugh. 
I told her I didn't and ____________ (8) off to sleep in the 
bath 
 Inglês 
 
 7 
 
And when I ___________ (9), I was alone, this bird had 
flown 
So I ____________ (10) a fire, isn't it good, Norwegian 
wood... 
 
Text Six 
Michael Schumacher 
 
 Michael Schumacher was born in Hurt-
Hermuhlheim, Germany, on 3 January 1969. When he 
was only four years old he was given a toy kart, and later 
a lawnmower engine was fitted to it. Schumacher’s 
parents thought he was not safe driving his kart on the 
pavements around their home so they arranged for him to 
use the local kart track. 
 At the age of 15, he won his first major 
championship – the German Karting championship. When 
he was nineteen, he was driving racing cars and 
immediately began winning. At the age of 22, he took part 
in his first Grand Prix, driving a Jordan, but shortly after 
that he joined the Benneton team. 
 From: Reading Plus – Mary underwood – Macmillian 
Publishers Lt. 1994. 
Vocabulary 
Toy: brinquedo 
Lawnmower Engine: motor de máquina de cortar grama 
To fit: adaptar 
Safe: seguro 
Pavements: calçadas 
To arrange; providenciar 
Kart track: pista de Kart 
To win (past- won): vencer 
To turn on: voltar a atenção para 
Racing cars: carros de corrida 
To join: juntar-se 
Lecture: palestra 
Words: palavras 
 
Tarefa Mínima  
5. According to text one, choose the correct alternative: 
Michael Schumacher’s nationality is ... 
a) Swiss 
b) American 
c) Swedish 
d) Dutch 
e) German 
 
6. According to the text, which question CANNOT be 
answered? 
a) What kind of cars did he drive? 
b) When was he born? 
c) What did they fit to Schumacher’s toy kart? 
d) Where was he born? 
e) When did he win his first F-1 race? 
7. Choose the alternative which contains a correct 
English translation. 
a) Ele começou sua carreira na equipe Benneton. 
 He finished his career in the Benneton team. 
b) Quem é o piloto mais jovem? 
 Who is the newest pilot? 
c) Ele tem quinze anos. 
 He has fifteen years old. 
d) Ele foi ferido em um acidente. 
 He was hurt in an accident. 
e) Ele é um dos melhores pilotos do mundo. 
 He is one of the worst pilots in the world. 
 
 UNIDADE 5 
 
SIMPLE FUTURE and CONDITIONAL 
 
O Futuro Simples em Inglês é usado para 
expressar ações futuras, e quase sempre é usado para 
expressar pedidos, promessas e oferecimentos futuros. 
O Futuro Simples é formado pelo auxiliar “will” 
(para todas as pessoas) e pelo verbo principal sem o “to” 
do infinitivo. 
 
Veja os exemplos: 
Solar energy will be an alternative kind of energy. 
We will be back soon. 
She will tell us about the computer. 
 
Você poderá abreviar o auxiliar do Futuro Simples da 
seguinte maneira: 
I’ll go to the beach tomorrow. 
Julie’ll travel to Europe. 
 
A forma interrogativa do Futuro Simples é feita 
colocando-se o auxiliar “will” antes do sujeito , ou seja , 
no início da oração. 
 Will solar energy be an alternative kind of energy ? 
 Will we be back soon? 
 Will she tell us about the computer? 
 
A forma negativa do Futuro Simples é feita 
acrescentando-se o “not “ ao auxiliar (will + not = 
won’t) . 
 Solar energy will not (won’t) be an alternative kind of 
energy. 
 We will not (won’t) be back soon. 
 She will not (won’t) tell us about the computer. 
 
Expressões usadas no Simple Future 
Tomorrow 
The day after tomorrow 
Tonight 
Soon 
 week 
Next Month 
 Year 
 Monday 
Veja: 
 He will come soon. 
 She will be back next Saturday. 
 
CONDITIONAL 
 
O condicional é formado pelo auxiliar “would” 
+ o infinitivodo verbo principal sem o “to”. Da mesma 
forma que o auxiliar do Futuro Simples , “would” é usado 
para todas as pessoas e segue as mesmas regras para a 
formação de Interrogações e Negações. 
 
Veja exemplos: 
(affirmative form) : Helen would listen to music. 
 Inglês 
 
 8 
 Their friends would call them at 
6:00. 
 
(interrogative form) : Would Helen listen to music ? 
 Would their friends call them at 
6:00? 
 
(negative form): Helen would not (wouldn’t) listen to 
music. 
 Their friends would not (wouldn’t) call them at 
6:00 
 
Lembrete: usamos “would” em oferecimentos. 
 Would you like some tea? 
 Would you like a piece of cake? 
 Would you like to go to the beach? 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Put the sentences below in the Interrogative and 
Negative forms: 
a) I will drink a lot of milk. 
_________________________________________ 
_________________________________________ 
 
b) My friends will watch the game tonight. 
_________________________________________ 
_________________________________________ 
 
c) She would talk to Susan. 
_________________________________________ 
_________________________________________ 
 
A song: ALL MY LOVING (The Beatles) 
 
Close your eyes and I'll _______ you 
Tomorrow I'll ________ you 
Remember I'll always be true. 
 
And then while I'm _________ 
I'll write home every day 
And I'll _________ all my loving to you. 
 
I'll __________ that I'm kissing 
The lips I am missing 
And hope that my __________ will come true. 
 
And then while I'm away 
I'll ___________ home every day 
And I'll send all my loving to you. 
 
All my loving I will send to you. 
All my loving, darling I'll be true. 
 
Complete the gaps above with the words from the box. 
Write – kiss – miss – dreams – pretend – send - away 
 
Tarefa Complementar  
 
2. (UFSC) This is the description of a vegetable called 
onion. Make complete sentences by matching the part of 
the sentence on the left with the part on the right. 
1. This is one of the... ( ) several layers surrounding 
each other. 
2. The ancient Greeks and ( ) can be cooked or eaten. 
Romans used... 
3. They are round and 
made up of... 
( ) oldest vegetables in 
history. 
4. Their thin skin has to be 
removed before they... 
( ) flavor to soups, sauces, and 
other dishes. 
5. They have a very strong 
smell and are often used to 
give... 
( ) to eat them raw for 
breakfast, with a little salt. 
The correct sequence(s) from the top to the bottom is 
(are): 
01. 5 – 3 – 1 – 2 – 4 
02. 3 – 2 – 5 – 4 – 1 
04. 1 – 5 – 3 – 4 – 2 
08. 3 – 4 – 1 – 5 – 2 
16. 2 – 5 – 4 – 1 – 3 
 
3. (UFPR) A questão abaixo é somatória, ou seja, a 
resposta a ser dada é a soma dos números das alternativas 
corretas. 
 
According to the chart above: 
01. The Northeast is the region which had the fewest 
executions in the United States. 
02. There is no death penalty in the Northeast. 
04. There were more executions in the Midwest than in 
the West. 
08. Texas is the state with the lowest number of 
executions. 
16. There were executions in five different regions. 
32. Excluding the estate of Texas, the South is still the 
region where there were the most executions in the 
United States. 
 
Text Seven: (UFSC) Texto referente às questões de 
números 4, 5, 6 (questões somatórias). 
Fast Food 
 The American fast-food culture dates back to the 
period after the Second World War. During the War, the 
Americans had developed the production of dehydrated, 
tinned and powdered food on an industrial scale; most of 
this was sent abroad to feed troops at the front. 
 When the War ended, the USA found itself with a 
massive production potential for this type of food but no 
starving soldiers to eat it – so the manufacturers began to 
market it to the general public. Housewives started baking 
cakes out of packets and made sure they kept up their 
 Inglês 
 
 9 
stock of powdered milk. 
 The present scenariois well known: American fast 
food and fizzy drinks like Coca-Cola and Pepsi are being 
successfully exported to countries around the world. 
(Adapted from: Speak Up – no 143. Abril 1999. Insert p. IV) 
 
Read the following propositions. Some make sense and 
some don’t. 
 
4. Select the one(s) that MAKES (MAKE) SENSE, 
according to the text. 
01. As soon as the Second World War ended, the 
Americans sent their troops abroad. 
02. Starving soldiers didn’t eat fast food because they 
were not sufficiently hungry. 
04. Nowadays American fast food is sold all over the 
world. 
08. Housewives refused to use powdered food, therefore 
they started baking cakes out of packets. 
16. The producers of dehydrated, tinned and powdered 
food decided to market their products to people in 
general, when they realized that with the end of the 
War there would be no starving soldiers to eat that 
kind of food. 
 
5. Identify the proposition(s) which contains (contain) the 
correct explanation for the expressions from the text. 
01. tinned food – food that has been preserved by being 
sealed in a can. 
02. powdered milk – a product from which water has been 
eliminated through dehydration. 
04. fizzy drinks – they are full of little bubbles of gas and 
make a hissing sound. 
08. fast food – food that is already prepared and so is 
served quickly. 
16. massive production – the process of making goods in 
small quantities. 
32. industrial scale – a system in which products are made on 
a very restricted scale. 
 
6. Read these short descriptions of certain kinds of food 
and choose the proposition(s) in which the name of the 
food corresponds to the description. 
 
01. A food made from flour, water and usually yeast. The 
mixture is baked in an oven. It is often cut into slices 
and eaten with butter, jam, etc... 
Food being described: corn. 
02. They are eaten in many countries around the world. 
They grow in the ground, are round and have a thin 
skin. They can be cooked in many different ways – 
boiled, fried or baked. 
Food being described: potatoes. 
04. They are small, round and juicy, green or dark purple in 
color. You can eat them raw or use them to make wine. 
Food being described: grapes. 
08. This is the seed of a plant grown in warm, wet places. 
You boil it in water and eat it usually with meat or 
vegetables. It is eaten everywhere in the world, but 
particularly in China, Japan, and other Asian countries. 
Food being described: rice. 
16. They are really a fruit although many people regard 
them as a vegetable. They are soft, juicy, red and 
round. They have a lot of seeds and you can eat them 
raw in salads, or cooked as a vegetable or in sauces. 
Food being described: apples. 
 
 UNIDADE 6 
 
IMMEDIATE FUTURE: GOING TO 
 
 A forma “going to” é usada para expressar ações 
futuras que estão prestes a acontecer ou que tenham 
grandes chances de ocorrer. Neste tempo verbal o verbo 
to be funciona como auxiliar , e é seguido de um verbo no 
infinitivo sem o to. 
 
EXPRESSÕES USADAS 
Next week in a week Tomorrow 
NEXT YEAR IN A MONTH TONIGHT 
Next month in a year 
 
GOING TO: INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE 
FORMS 
(affirmative form) : She’s going to buy a car. 
 They are going to wait for me. 
 
(interrogative form) : Is she going to buy a car ? 
 Are they going to wait for me ? 
 
(negative form): She is not (isn’t) going to buy a car. 
 They are not (aren’t) going to wait for me. 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Supply the going to form of the verbs in parentheses. 
a) The movie_____________(begin) at 8 o’clock. 
b) Mr. Brown_____________ (leave) the office at 6:OO 
today. 
c) What ________ they __________(do)with all those 
books. 
d) ________you _________ (send) her the messages ? 
e) I think I _____________ (swim) tomorrow morning. 
f) Helen_________ (ask) you to help her with her Math. 
 
 “Mother-in-law is the most common suggestion”, said 
Charles Tweedie, who creates custom-made scarecrows 
for English farmers, adding the face from any photo. 
 
2. (UNIV. CAT. SALVADOR-BA) Segundo o texto: 
a) Tweedie se recusa a fazer espantalhos com cara de 
sogra, embora esse seja o pedido mais comum. 
b) Os espantalhos de Tweedie costumam ser muito caros. 
c) A maioria dos espantalhos que Charlie Tweedie cria 
tem a cara da sogra do cliente. 
d) As sogras são as maiores freguesas de Tweedie. 
e) As leis britânicas proibem espantalhos com cara de mãe. 
 
A song 
Redemption Song (Bob Marley) 
 
Old pirates, yes, they rob I; 
Sold I to the merchant __________ (1), 
Minutes after they took I 
From the bottomless ____________ (2). 
But my hand was made ___________ (3) 
By the hand of the Almighty. 
http://bob-marley.lyrics.com.br/
 Inglês 
 
 10 
We forward in this ____________ (4) 
Triumphantly. 
Won't you help to sing 
these songs of ____________ (5) 
'Cause all I ever have: 
Redemption songs 
Redemption songs 
Emancipate ____________ (6) from mental slavery; 
None but ourselves can free our ______________ (7) 
Have no fear for atomic _____________ (8), 
'Cause none of them can stop the time 
___________ (9) shall they kill our ____________ (10), 
While we stand aside and look 
Oh! Some say it's just a part of it: 
We've got to fulfill the ____________ (11). 
Won't you help to sing 
these songs of ____________ (12) 
'Cause all I ever have: 
Redemption songs 
 
Ships Prophets Strong Yourself 
Energy Freedom(2x) Pit 
Minds Generation How long 
Book 
 
UNIDADE 7 
 
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 
 
- Formation: have/has + past participle 
Examples: 
1. I have been ready since 8 o’ clock. 
2. She has lived in California for three years 
3. Have you already talked to the teacher 
4. MARY: The Blooms have bought a new house. 
 TOM: Really? When did they buy it? 
 MARY: They bought it last week. 
 TOM: Have they moved yet? 
 MARY: No, they haven’t had time for that yet. 
 But their new furniture has already arrived. 
5. Have you ever eaten crocodile meat? / Has she ever 
been to Europe? 
6. The soccer match has just finished. / We’ve just 
arrived from our trip to Canada. 
 
A song 
I STILL HAVEN’T FOUND WHAT I’M LOOKING 
FOR - U2 
I have climbed the highest ______________ (1) 
I have run through the ______________ (2) 
Only to be with you (x2) 
 
I have ____________ (3) I have crawled 
I have scaled 
these city _________ (4) (x2) 
Only to be with you 
 
[Chorus] 
But I still haven't ____________ (5) 
What I'm looking for 
But I still haven't found 
What I'm looking for 
 
I have __________ (6) honey lips 
Felt the healing in her fingertips 
It burned like _________ (7) 
This burning desire 
I have spoken with the tongue of angels 
I have held the ___________ (8) of the devil 
It was warm in the __________ (9) 
I was cold as a stone 
 
[Chorus] 
 
I believe in the Kingdom Come 
Then all the colours will 
_________ (10) into one (x2) 
But yes I'm still running 
 
You __________ (11) the bonds and you loosed the 
__________ (12) 
You carried the cross 
And my __________ (13) (x2) 
You know I believe it 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Write the verbs from the parentheses in the Present 
Perfect Tense. 
a) I know that woman, but I _____________________ 
(forget) her name. 
b) Heitor _________________ (be) to Florida many times 
in his vacations. 
c) John and Lucas __________________ (go) to Europe 
in a business trip. They’ll be back soon. 
d) Hellen ___________________ (work) for a 
multinational company.e) They _________________ (sell) all the tickets for the 
show. 
f) Sandra and Meg ________________ (live) in Canada 
since 1998. 
 
2. Complete these sentences with the SIMPLE PAST or 
the PRESENT PERFECT Tense. 
a) - John isn’t here, is he? 
 - No, he _______________ (leave) to Rio de Janeiro. 
b) Angela _________________ (buy) a nice dress at the 
market place yesterday. 
c) – Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you back at 
the end of the month. 
 - Sorry, I can’t. I ________________ (already / spend) 
all my money, and I’m completely broke too. 
d) My parents _______________ (arrive) from Europe 
last week. They loved the trip. 
e) Some of the students _______________ (study / not) 
for the test. 
f) My husband _______________ (send) me a bunch of 
flowers on my birthday two days ago. It was so sweet 
of him. 
g) Tracy is so nervous because she ________________ 
(forget) to read the article about astronomy. 
 
3. Complete the sentences with ALREADY or YET. 
a) - Have you watched that film ____________? 
 - No, I haven’t watched it ________________. 
b) They have ______________ sailed for all five 
 Inglês 
 
 11 
continents since January 2000. 
c) Has Peter been to Paris ________________? 
d) - Have you ____________ talked to Mary? 
 - No, not ___________. I will do it tonight. 
e) The president has ______________been to many 
countries this year. 
 
4. Write since of before these expressions of time. 
a) __________________Wednesday 
b) __________________ five hours. 
c) __________________ the last world cup. 
d) __________________ Many years. 
e) __________________ the moment I saw you. 
f) __________________ months and months. 
 
 UNIDADE 8 
 
MUCH / MANY / LITTLE / FEW 
 
MUCH ( muito, muita ) - usamos a palavra “much” 
antes de substantivos incontáveis. 
Veja os exemplos: 
 I don’t drink much coffee. 
 She drinks much wine at home. 
 
LITTLE ( pouco , pouca ) -usamos também a palavra 
“little” antes de substantivos incontáveis. 
Veja os exemplos: 
 I have little money. 
 We drink little milk. 
Pay –Attention : 
Little também poderá significar pequeno (-inho). Veja: 
 My little boy – meu pequeno garoto e / ou meu 
garotinho. 
 
MANY (muitos, muitas) – usamos a palavra “many” 
antes de substantivos contáveis. 
 
Veja os exemplos: 
 I drink many milk-shakes in summer. 
 Tom reads many books. 
 
FEW (poucos, poucas) – usamos também a palavra “few” 
antes de substantivos contáveis. 
Veja os exemplos: 
 Robert wants few potatoes. 
 Jane makes few mistakes. 
Veja as seguintes observações: 
 Em interrogações e negações usamos much / many sem 
problemas; 
 Em afirmações much / many podem ser substituídos 
por: a lot of , lots of ou plenty of : muito ( s ) , muita ( s). 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Rewrite the sentences using much or many: 
a) Those families have lots of money. 
_____________________________________________ 
 
b) These men lived a lot of years in prison. 
 _____________________________________________ 
 
 
2. Complete with much / many : 
a) __________ books on the table. 
b) __________ milk in the cartoon. 
c) __________ women at the restaurant. 
d) __________ wine in the botlle. 
e) __________ sugar in the coffee. 
 
3. (UEB) Assinale a alternativa correta: 
There is ________ bread on the tray. 
a) not many b) not much c) a few d) many 
 
4. (Osec–SP) When they were introduced, electronic 
calculators were less powerful and cost _________ than 
they do now. 
a) very few c) very little 
b) many more d) much more 
 
5. (Vunesp) Do politicians work ________ and earn 
________ money? 
a) little – many c) much – few 
b) very – much d) little – much 
 
6. (ITA-SP) Please, can you give us ________ bit more 
of that cake you baked yesterday? 
a) several b) little c) many d) a little 
 
7. (UFV– MG) There are ________ dangerous drivers on 
the streets nowadays. 
a) a lot of c) very lot of 
b) a very many d) very many of 
 
GERUND or ING form 
 
A) Usa-se o gerúndio geralmente no início de frases e 
após preposições 
 (without, for, in, before, etc) ; 
Ex. Smoking is a bad habit. 
 Surfing is a beautiful sport. 
 They are tired of swimming. 
 
B) Após os verbos: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, 
delay, detest, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, 
finish, keep , mention, miss, practice, resist, suggest, 
understand, quit. 
Ex. You dislike driving at night. 
 John should avoid touching those things. 
 
C) Após os verbos Go e Come indicando atividade 
física. 
Ex. Go walking! 
 Go fishing! 
 
USO do INFINITIVO 
A) Usa-se o infinitivo “sem to” após os verbos 
anômalos e os verbos make e let. 
Ex. I can drive. 
 Let me dance. 
Make him study. 
 
B) Usa-se infinitivo “sem to “ou “gerúndio “após 
os verbos de percepção: 
Feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch. 
Ex. I hear her crying. 
 The man saw the queen writing. 
 
 Inglês 
 
 12 
C) Usa-se infinitivo com to ou “gerúndio” após os 
verbos 
 Advice, attempt, begin, start, continue, forget, 
hate, leave, like, love, mean, neglect, prefer, permit, 
remember, stop, study, try. 
 Ex. He stopped to cry / crying 
 I love to speak English/speaking English. 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
8. (PUC) Britons are used to ___________ terrible 
winters. 
a) to have b) have c) had d) having 
 
9. (UFRS) – He was angry about ___________ failed 
the test. 
a) to have b) having c) have d) has 
 
10. (F. Objetivo) – SP – Keep on _______________! 
a) try b) to try c) trying d) had tried 
 
11. (PUC–RS) – They avoided________to the festival 
because of the crowds. 
a) to go b) go c) going d) goes 
 
12. (FCChagas – SP) – You can’t make an omelette 
without ________ eggs. 
a) to break b) break c) breaking d) breaks 
 
13. (ITA – SP) He denied__________ seen her before . 
a) having b) have c) to have d) has 
 
14. (FMU-SP) She made me ______the bill 
before________. 
a) pay – traveling 
b) to pay – to travel 
c) to pay – traveling 
d) paying – to travel 
 
15. (FC Chagas-BA) – After a long argument, we finally 
decided__________ to Aparecida on Christmas day. 
a) to go b) go c) going d) goes 
 
A song 
 Mercedes Benz – Janis Joplin 
 
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ? 
My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends. 
Worked hard all my __________ (1), no help from my 
___________(2), 
So Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ? 
 
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a ____________ (3) ? 
Dialing For Dollars is trying to ____________(4) me. 
I wait for _____________ (5) each day until three, 
So oh Lord, won't you buy me a ______________(6)? 
 
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a _____________ (7) on the 
town ? 
I'm counting on you, Lord, please don't let me 
____________(8). 
 
Prove that you love me and _____________ (9) the next 
round, 
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a ____________(10) on the 
town ? 
Everybody! 
Oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ? 
My friends all drive Porsches, I must make amends, 
Worked hard all my lifetime, no help from my friends, 
So oh Lord, won't you buy me a Mercedes Benz ? 
 
That's it! 
 
MODAL VERBS 
 
CAN – COULD – SHOULD – MAY – MIGHT - 
MUST -MUSTN’T 
 
 UNIDADE 9 
 
PLURAL FORM OF NOUNS 
 
Para formarmos o plural dos substantivos em 
Inglês precisamos conhecer as regras e saber usá-las 
corretamente. 
 
Veja a seguir como devemos aplicá-las: 
1. Regra geral para a formação do plural é o acréscimo 
de um “s” ao substantivo: 
 Ex.: House– houses 
 Egg – eggs 
 Car – cars 
 Cloud – clouds 
 
2. Usa-se “es” aos substantivos terminados em (s), (ss) , 
(ch), (sh), (x) e (z) : 
Ex.: Bus - buses 
 Kiss – kisses 
 Beach – beaches 
 Topaz – topazes 
 Dish – dishes 
 Brush – brushes 
 
Mas atenção: há alguns substantivos terminados em “ch”, 
com som de “k”, que receberão apenas “s” no plural. 
Veja: Epoch –epochs 
 Monarch – monarchs 
 Stomach – stomachs 
 Patriarch – patriarchs 
 
3. Aos substantivos terminados em (Y) , precedido de 
vogal , usa-se apenas “s”. 
Ex.: Day – days 
 Boy – boys 
 Key –keys 
 
Mas se o substantivo terminar em (Y) , precedido de 
consoante, trocaremos o (Y) por ( ies ) : 
Ex.: City – cities 
 Baby – babies 
 Enemy – enemies 
 
Com nomes próprios : Kelly – Kellys 
 Andy – Andys 
 
4. Aos substantivos terminados em (O) , precedido de 
vogal , usa-se apenas “s”. 
Ex.: Radio – radios 
 Inglês 
 
 13 
 Bamboo – bamboos 
 Studio - studios 
 
Mas se o substantivo terminar em (O) , precedido de 
consoante, acrescentaremos “es” . 
Ex.: Hero – heroes 
 Potato – potatoes 
 Volcano - volcanoes 
 
Algumas palavras de origem grega e latina, recebem 
apenas “s” 
Ex.: Piano – pianos 
 Photo – photos 
 Kilo - kilos 
 
5. Aos substantivos terminados em (F) ou (Fe) , 
trocamos por (ves) . 
Ex. Leaf – leaves 
 Loaf - loaves 
 Knife – knives 
 Wife – wives 
 Shelf - shelves 
 
Mas há outros que receberão apenas (S) . 
Ex.: Roof – roofs 
 Proof – proofs 
 Dwarf – dwarfs 
 Cliff – cliffs 
 Reef – reefs 
 Belief – beliefs 
 Safe – safes 
 
6. Há alguns substantivos em Inglês que não possuem 
regras de plural, ou seja, têm formas especiais de 
plural . 
 
Ex.: Man – men 
 Child – children 
 Ox – oxen 
 Goose – geese 
 Foot – feet 
 Tooth – teeth 
 Louse – lice 
 Mouse – mice 
 Die - dice 
 
7. No caso das nacionalidades terminadas em “man” 
trocam para “men” no plural. 
 Frenchman – Frenchmen 
 Englishman – Englishmen Irishman - Irishmen 
 Mas, no caso de: 
 German – Germans 
 Roman – Romans 
 Norman – Normans 
 
8. Para a formação do plural dos substantivos compostos, 
forma-se pluralizando o principal elemento. 
Ex.: Brother – in – law - brothers – in- law 
 Mother – in- law - mothers – in- law 
 
Mas no caso dos substantivos compostos que não são 
separados por hífen, recebem “s” no plural. 
Ex.: Armchair - armchairs 
 Bookcase – bookcases 
 
9. Há alguns substantivos que não possuem plural em 
Inglês, portanto, o verbo que os acompanha é sempre 
usado no singular. 
Ex: Information, Progress, Furniture, Advice, 
Baggage / Luggage, Knowledge. 
 
 E.g. This furniture is very old. 
 My luggage isn’t heavy. 
 
10. No caso dos substantivos “news, mathematics, 
optics, physics”, são usados com o verbo no singular, 
embora pareçam estar no plural. 
e.g. There is a good news for you. 
 Physics is a very difficult subject. 
 
11. Há alguns substantivos que não possuem singular em 
Inglês, assim o verbo é sempre usado no plural. 
Ex.: Shorts, Pants, Scissors, Trousers, etc. 
 My scissors are on the desk. 
 Your pants are nice. 
 
12. Há alguns substantivos em Inglês que são escritos 
no singular, mas tem sentido plural, assim o verbo 
que os acompanha fica sempre no plural. Ex: 
Cattle, Police, People. 
e.g. The police are coming. 
 There are more than thirty people here. 
 
13. Os substantivos de nacionalidades terminados em 
“SE” ou “SS”, permanecem na mesma forma do 
singular. 
 Ex.: a Chinese - three Chinese 
 a Swiss - two Swiss 
 
14. Os substantivos de origem Grega e Latina, 
permanecem o plural de origem. 
 
e.g. Agendum – agenda 
 Crisis - crises 
 Phenomenon – phenomena 
 Datum - data 
 Thesis – theses 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. (Cesgranrio) - Mark the item in which all the nouns 
form their plural by adding an “s” , as year / years: 
a) leaf – world – tooth – pace 
b) proof – object – problem – key 
c) roof – goose – man- day 
d) life – wife – knife – shelf 
 
2. (UFBA) A palavra que forma o plural pelo simples 
acréscimo de “s” é: 
a) man b) woman c) crisis d) night 
 
3. (Mackenzie – SP) Which of the following groups 
consists of nouns which do NOT form their plural in 
“ves”? 
a) shelf – calf – thief c) chief – reef – proof 
b) loaf – wolf – half d) life – knife- leaf 
 
4. (Fuvest –SP) Coloque no plural as palavras indicadas: 
I bought some ________ , _________ , ________ this 
morning. 
 ( tomato ) ( cherry ) ( peach ) 
a) tomatos – cherries – peaches 
b) tomatoes – cherries – peaches 
c) tomatoes – cherrys – peachs 
 Inglês 
 
 14 
d) tomatos – cherrys – peaches 
 
5. (FMU –SP) There are many _____ in those ____. 
a) thieves – citys c) thifs – cities 
b) thieves – cities d) thiefs – citys 
 
 
Text Eight 
 Suspect Thief Drowns 
Sun Aug 18, 7:35 AM ET 
 TULSA, Oklahoma (Reuters) - A suspected thief, 
weighed down with more than 50 pounds of stolen 
cameras and CDs, among other items, drowned as he 
attempted to evade police by swimming across the 
Arkansas River, officials said. 
 The man, identified as Edward McBride, 37, was 
carrying a bag weighing 50 pounds that contained stolen 
items and was found Friday with stolen goods also 
stuffed in his pockets, said Tulsa police spokesman 
Lucky Lamons. 
 He was being pursued by Tulsa police who 
suspected him of robbing a Tulsa home when he jumped 
into the muddy Arkansas River. "He got about 40 yards 
out and yelled for help," Lamons said. "The officers took 
off their shirts, shoes and belts and jumped into the river. 
By the time they reached him, he had gone under." 
Lamons said rescue workers retrieved McBride's 
body about an hour later from about 8 feet to 10 feet of 
water along with the bag containing stolen goods. 
 
6. De acordo com o texto acima, é correto afirmar: 
01. Ao fugir da polícia, McBride caiu involuntariamente 
no rio. 
02. McBride tinha 37 anos e era suspeito de ter assaltado 
uma casa. 
04. O peso dos objetos roubados que carregava consigo 
contribuiu para o afogamento de McBride. 
08. McBride se especializava no roubo de jóias e quadros. 
16. McBride foi retirado do rio ainda com vida, mas 
morreu logo em seguida. 
32. Os fatos narrados ocorreram no mês de agosto, em 
Tulsa, no estado americano de Oklahoma. 
 
7. The text contains information on 
01. how McBride died. 
02. why McBride died. 
04. who rescued McBride, preventing him from dying. 
08. when McBride's body was found. 
16. how much McBride weighed when he died. 
 
8. According to the text, the police 
01. tried to help McBride before he drowned. 
02. was able to reach McBride in time to arrest him. 
04. shot and killed McBride. 
08. pursued McBride. 
16. found some evidence that McBride was a thief. 
 
 
 
 
 
Text Nine 
The development of a baby 
 
 A fertilized egg is nourished and protected as it 
develops from an embryo to a fetus during 40 weeks of 
pregnancy. The placenta, a mass of blood vessels 
implanted into the uterus lining, delivers nourishment and 
oxygen, and removes waste through the umbilical cord. 
Meanwhile, the fetus lies snugly in its amniotic sac, a bag 
of fluid that protects it against any sudden jolts. In the last 
weeks of the pregnancy,the growing fetus turns head 
down: a baby ready to be born. 
 
9. According to text 9 all propositions are correct, except: 
a) The word “development” has a suffix. 
b) The text is in the present tense. 
c) One of the functions of the placenta is to feed the fetus. 
d) The fetus feels very uncomfortable inside the 
amniotic sac. 
e) There are three different words in the plural form. 
 
10. According to text 9, which question cannot be 
answered? 
a) How long does pregnancy last? 
b) What does the placenta do? 
c) What are the nutrients of the fetus’ nourishment? 
d) What’s nourished in order to become a fetus? 
e) How does the waste leave the fetus? 
 
11. According to text 9, mark the correct proposition(S). 
01. The amniotic sac protects the baby against violent 
movements. 
02. Oxygen is removed through the umbilical cord. 
04. When the baby is about to be born, its head must be up. 
08. First the fertilized egg turns into an embryo, then 
into a fetus. 
16. The placenta is located in the uterus lining. 
 
12. According to text 9, which words are not verbs? 
01. Turns; 
02. Vessels; 
04. Lies; 
08. Jolts; 
16. Removes; 
32. Protects. 
 
13. According to text 9, mark the WRONG proposition. 
a) “it” (L. 1) refers to egg. 
b) “its” refers to “fetus” (L. 4). 
c) “it” (L. 4) refers to amniotic sac. 
d) “Removes” refers to the placenta. 
e) “develops” refers to fertilized egg. 
 
Text Ten 
EAT BETTER, FEEL BETTER 
 It is becoming more and more important to eat the 
right food. Experts say that the type of food you eat can 
damage your health. If you eat the right food, you will 
have a better chance of living a long and healthy life. 
If you eat a lot of processed food, you will be 
more likely to have problems with your health. If 
people eat food 
with a lot of fat in it, they will have a greater risk of 
getting heart disease. 
 In some countries, people eat lees fat in their diet. 
Scientists have shown that fewer people get heart 
disease in these countries. In Spain and Italy, for 
 Inglês 
 
 15 
example, most people have less fat in their diets than 
people in England. And in England, the rate of heart 
disease is double the rate in Spain or Italy. 
 So if you eat less fatty food, you will live longer. 
You’ll feel better, feel fitter, and have more energy if you 
change to a simpler and healthier diet. 
From: Break into English – Michael Carrier & Siman Haines – 
Hodder & Stoughton, 1987. 
 
14. According to the text, what sort of food is bad for 
you? 
a) Italian food. 
b) Fruit and vegetables. 
c) Fatty food. 
d) Simple food. 
e) Diet food. 
 
15. According to the text, what happens in countries 
where the diet is high in fat? 
a) There are less sick people. 
b) The population has a better life. 
c) People are healthier. 
d) The rate of heart disease is big. 
e) People get fatter. 
 
16. The text says that in Spain people eat _____ than 
in England. 
a) More food. 
b) Much more fatty food. 
c) More energetic food. 
d) Less food. 
e) less fatty food. 
 
17. In the sentence “... you will have a better chance 
of living a long and healthy life.”, the verb living is in 
the... 
a) Infinitive. 
b) Present continuous tense. 
c) Future tense. 
d) Gerund. 
e) Imperative form. 
 
 UNIDADE 10 
 
1. Select the proposition(s) which contains(contain) 
correct translations for the underlined words. 
 
01. …typical rural dishes, among many others, can be 
enjoyed in the many different regions… 
 …podem ser divertidos… 
02. …In typical environments like mountain resorts… 
 …gostam de hotéis de montanha... 
04. …restaurants with beaten earthen floors along the 
coast. 
 …pisos de chão batido… 
08. There are food festivals… 
 …festivais gastronômicos… 
16. …you can take part in cold climate activities, such as 
picking apples and grapes… 
 …tais como plantar maçãs e uvas… 
32. …the marine farms and restaurants along the shore… 
 …ao longo da costa… 
 
Text Forteen (UFSC – 2001) 
 
PLAY BALL!!! 
 It is hard to believe that a game as fast and exciting 
as soccer had its origin in a religious ceremony several 
thousand years ago in Egypt. At that time, the contest was 
between teams of pretty girls who had first taken part in a 
beauty contest and parade. After putting on armor, they 
divided into teams and fought with sticks over a round stone. 
The stone is believed to have represented the sun, or possibly 
the head of the goddess of agriculture, and this use of the 
round stone is thought to be the origin of all ball games. 
 The custom of teams competing for control of a 
round object, or ball, first spread across North Africa, the 
Arabic countries, and Persia. Over the years, it also spread 
to the whole world, and probably the most popular team 
sports today are soccer, baseball, and basketball. 
 Perhaps sports, like music, could be called an 
international language. Certainly they have done much to 
bring people from different countries together and to 
improve understanding among them. Through friendly 
competition, players and spectators alike have learned that 
people everywhere are very much the same, and that 
everyone appreciates good sportsmanship and fair play. 
 From: Let’s Learn English W.Bryce Van Syoc & Florence S. Van Syoc 
- American Book Company. New York, 1971 (Adapted) 
 
2. Considering the topic of the text, choose the 
introduction(s) that can start it meaningfully. 
01. “Stop that kick!”... “Pass the ball!”... “Goal! Goal!” 
02. Known simply as “The Boat Race”, this test lasts 
twenty minutes, but has captured the public’s 
attention for over 150 years. 
04. The fans watch with attention as a player runs down 
the soccer field trying to kick the ball towards the 
goal. 
08. Inspired by that idea, the fitness director at the Aspen 
Club came to New York to organize a cross-training 
program for Central Park. 
16. There must be something that limits the number of 
people that participate in extreme sports. 
32. The spectators stand up and cheer enthusiastically as the 
player nears the goal, then sit in disappointment when 
an opponent suddenly gets the ball away from him and 
starts towards the other end of the field with it. 
 
3. Select the correct proposition(s) according to the text. 
01. Egyptian men worked hard to invent soccer. 
02. Soccer players have a ritual of touching and hugging 
each other after a goal. 
04. It is difficult to accept the idea that soccer originated 
in a religious ceremony. 
08. The players and the spectators enjoyed the game and 
decided to speak an international language. 
16. A round stone was used by the Egyptian girls during 
the contest. 
32. Sports promote better understanding among people 
from different parts of the world. 
64. Ancient people used to wear a protective covering 
made of metal to kill their opponents. 
 
4. Which of the questions below can be answered 
according to the information contained in the text? 
 Inglês 
 
 16 
01. Which are possibly the most popular team sports 
nowadays? 
02. How many girls were there in each soccer team? 
04. How long did a soccer game last in Egypt? 
08. Where were the first ball games played? 
16. Who used sticks to compete for a round stone in 
Egypt? 
32. What kind of music was appreciated by the 
Egyptians? 
64. What is the effect of friendly competition? 
 
5. Read the four summaries below. Which one(s) contains 
(contain) the same information found in the text? 
01. Through the text we conclude that ball games had 
their origin a few years ago in Egypt and that the 
Egyptians’ practice spread all over the world. The text 
also mentions the names of the most famous sports 
nowadays and it associates music with sports, since 
both activities contribute to make people rich. 
02. From the text we learn about the originof all ball 
games and about the probable meanings of the round 
stone used in the games in ancient times. It also refers 
to the three team sports that can be possibly 
considered the most popular ones nowadays. After 
that, the text compares sports with music mentioning 
the benefits they bring to people and it expresses 
approval about friendly competition. 
04. The text refers to the history of all sports. It expresses the 
idea that music and sports have the same importance 
when we think of bringing people together. 
08. The text tells us how soccer and all ball games 
originated. Besides that, it mentions the names of 
some team sports and makes a comparison between 
sports and music. Finally, it refers to friendly 
competition and its positive effects. 
 
 UNIDADE 11 
 
TEXT 11 
 
SOME EASY WAYS TO MAKE FRIENDS 
 
1. It’s hard to make friends if you stay home all the time. 
Get out of the house and do things that will put you in 
touch with other people. Join a club or play a sport. Attend 
meetings of neighborhood associations or other groups. It’s 
easier to make friends when you have similar interests. 
2. Learn from people at school or work who seem to have 
lots of friends. Observe how they make and keep friends. 
Don’t imitate all the things they do. But try to notice what 
they do. Then try some of those things yourself. 
3. Don’t be afraid to show people what you’re really good 
at. Talk about the things you like and do best. Don’t hide 
your strong points. People will be interested in you if 
there is something interesting about you. 
4. Plan things to talk about with people. Find out what’s 
in the newspaper headlines, listen to the top CDs, learn 
about what’s new with your favorite TV or movie star. 
The more you have to say, the more people will be 
interested in having a conversation with you. 
5. Be a good listener. Let people talk about themselves 
before talking about “me, me, me.” Ask lots of questions. 
Show an interest in their answers. This alone will make 
people want to be your friend. 
6. Once you start to get to know someone, don’t be friendly 
one day and then too shy to talk the next day. Be consistent. 
Consistency is something people look for in friends. 
7. Have confidence in yourself. Don’t be self-critical all 
the time. This will only make the process more difficult. 
Think of your good qualities. People are attracted to those 
with self-confidence. 
8. Try to make friends with the kind of people you really 
like, respect, and admire – not just with those who are 
easy to meet. Be friendly with a lot of people. 
From: RICHARDS, J. C. & ECKSTUT-DIDIER, S. Strategic Reading 
1. CUP, 2003. (Adapted) 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Select the correct statement(s) about the text. 
01. An important quality of friendship is consistency. 
02. People who have many friends are more traditional. 
04. It’s better to have a few good friends than to have 
many friends. 
08. Friends can be important when we are shy. 
16. It will be more difficult to make friends if you judge 
yourself too hard. 
32. Paying attention to what people say is a good way to 
start a friendship. 
 
2. According to the text, what advice can help these 
people? Select the proposition(s) in which the advice is 
correctly indicated. 
01. Tony is never sure what to talk about when he meets 
people.  Advice 4 
02. Abby doesn’t always say nice things about her new 
friend James.  Advice 1 
04. Rose wants to know why her classmate, Cindy, is so 
good at making friends.  Advice 2 
08. Benson is a terrific dancer, but he never tells anyone 
about it.  Advice 3 
16. Max talks to a girl in his history class on Monday, but 
on Tuesday he’s afraid to say “Hi”.  Advice 6 
32. Jill always talks about herself.  Advice 7 
 
3. According to the text, what are some things you can do 
to make friends? Select the correct proposition(s). 
01. Do exactly what people tell you to do, never disagree 
with them. 
02. Read newspapers, watch TV and listen to music in 
order to be well-informed. 
04. Be sociable, get involved in activities in the company 
of other persons. 
08. Look for the most popular people in your group and 
try to become their friend. 
16. Talk mostly about yourself, your problems and what 
is happening in your life. 
32. Let people know the good things about you. 
 
4. Considering the text, compare the meanings of each 
pair of sentences and select the proposition(s) in which 
the meanings of sentences A and B are similar. 
01. A. People are attracted to those with self-confidence. 
B. If you believe in yourself, you’ll have more 
people near you. 
02. A. A good idea is to imitate people who seem to have 
lots of friends. 
 Inglês 
 
 17 
B. Maybe you can copy the behavior of people who 
seem to have lots of friends. 
04. A. Do things that will put you in touch with other 
people. 
B. Choose activities that will help other people. 
08. A. You can learn the last facts about your favorite TV 
star. 
 B. One possibility is to find out the news about your 
favorite TV star. 
16. A. This alone will make people want to be your friend. 
 B. When you are lonely, people will see that you need 
a friend. 
 
5. Select the proposition(s) that can correctly go at the 
end of advice number 8. 
01. For some people, friends have become more important 
than their family. 
02. There are many things you can ask a friend to do for 
you. 
04. That way, you’ll have a bigger group of people to 
choose your friends from. 
08. Good friends do not always have to tell each other the 
truth. 
16. Your chances of making friends will, therefore, 
be greater. 
 
TEXT TWELVE: 
 
BEST FRIENDS 
1. Men and women share the exact same view of a best friend 
 a person who is always there for you. Your best friend is 
someone you can depend on to share your happiness, suffer 
through your worries, or lessen your sorrow. 
2. A great variety of factors play into the birth of a best 
friendship  the age and circumstances under which people 
meet, what first attracts them, why they remain close, and 
how they fill each other's needs. Yet I found the dominant 
themes that define a best friend were remarkably similar 
across the broadest range of experiences. 
3. Safety was a word I heard over and over. A best friend 
is a safe harbor, a guaranteed comfort zone. You never 
have to explain yourself to best friends because they 
really, really know who you are. With best friends, you 
can be who you are. You can cry too hard or laugh too 
loud and never worry what they'll think of you because 
best friends are nonjudgmental. They will give you advice 
if you want it and a kick in the pants if you need it, but 
best friends will not judge you or make you ashamed of 
your behavior. A best friend gives you what you expect 
from a parent and don't always get: unconditional love. 
4. Best friends are loyal and trustworthy. A best friend is 
a person to whom you can tell your most embarrassing, 
revealing, and damaging personal secrets with the full 
confidence they will never be repeated. Best friends can 
deliver brutally honest answers in the most gentle fashion. 
5. Finally, best friends are the family you choose. They 
love you because they want to, not because they have to. 
And for many people, a best friend becomes the brother 
or sister they'd always wanted, but never had. 
From: RICHARDS, J. C. & ECKSTUT-DIDIER, S. Strategic Reading 
1. CUP, 2003. (Adapted) 
 
6. Identify the correct proposition(s) according to the 
text. 
01. When your personal secrets are told to a best friend 
you can be sure he or she will not reveal them to 
anyone else. 
02. People always call a good friend when they have a 
doubt. 
04. To have best friends means to have people you can 
trust and by whom you can be advised. 
08. Men and women depend on each other tosolve their 
problems. 
16. Friends, even best friends, can never replace your 
family. 
32. Age is one of the aspects that influence the 
development of a friendship. 
 
7. According to the text, select the correct answer(s) for 
the question below. 
How can a best friend be described? 
 
01. As a place where you are not in danger. 
02. Someone who is usually embarrassing. 
04. A best friend follows the fashion most of the time. 
08. He or she never tells you the truth. 
16. A best friend doesn't ask you for explanations. 
32. As a person who is always there to judge you. 
 
8. Choose the proposition(s) in which the definitions of the 
words below correspond to the meaning used in the text. 
01. lessen (Paragraph 1)  if something lessens or is 
lessened, it becomes less strong. 
02. sorrow (Paragraph 1)  a feeling of deep sadness or 
regret. 
04. range (Paragraph 2)  a group of hills or mountains. 
08. advice (Paragraph 3)  an opinion which someone 
offers you about what you should do in a particular 
situation. 
16. kick (Paragraph 3)  a new interest, especially 
one that does not last long. 
32. ashamed (Paragraph 3)  to feel embarrassed or 
guilty because of something that you have done. 
64. fashion (Paragraph 4)  a style that is popular at a 
particular time, especially in clothes, hair, make-up, etc. 
 
9. Select the proposition(s) which contains (contain) 
correct answers to the following questions, according to 
the text. 
01. What does a best friend do for you? 
 Among many things, he or she shares our feelings. 
02. Why does a best friend become the brother or sister 
you had always wanted, but never had? 
Because it is easier to help a friend. 
04. How many times did the author of this text hear the 
word "safety"? 
A lot of times. 
08. When do you have to give an explanation to a best 
friend? 
It becomes necessary when we are misunderstood. 
16. What kind of judgment does a best friend make on 
your behavior? 
A best friend doesn't judge us. 
32. Where can a best friend be found? 
In secret places. 
 
 Inglês 
 
 18 
10. Select the proposition(s) which contains (contain) 
correct references to the following words, underlined in 
the text. 
01. who (Paragraph 1)  men 
02. them (Paragraph 2)  people 
04. which (Paragraph 2)  a best friendship 
08. it (Paragraph 3)  a kick in the pants 
16. whom (Paragraph 4)  you 
32. they (Paragraph 4)  personal secrets 
 
 UNIDADE 12 
 
 LINKING WORDS (Conectivos) 
1. ADIÇÃO: 
 - and : e 
 - in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: além 
disso 
 - as well as: assim como 
 - also: também 
 - apart from: com exceção de 
 - both....and: ambos; tanto como 
 - not only ... but also: não apenas...mas também 
 
2. CONTRASTE/CONCESSÃO/ADVERSATIVA: 
 - but: mas 
 - however, neverthless: entretanto 
 - yet: entretanto, ainda 
 - although, even though, though: embora 
 - nonetheless, notwithstanding: não obstante 
 - despite that, in spite of: apesar de 
 - rather than, instead of: em vez de 
- whereas: enquanto 
 
3. PROPÓSITO: - in order to: a fim de 
 - so as to: de modo que 
 
4. CONSEQUÊNCIA/CONCLUSÃO: 
 - therefore: portanto 
 - consequently, as a result: consequentemente 
 - accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente 
 - hence: pois, então, daí 
 - thus: assim 
 - thereby: assim, desse modo 
 - then: então 
 - so: então, pois 
 - finally: finalmente 
 
5. ALTERNATIVA: - otherwise: por outro lado 
 - or: ou 
 - or else: ou então, ou ainda 
 - either ...or: ou...ou 
 - while, whereas: enquanto 
 
6. REITERAÇÃO: 
 - that is: isto é 
 - in other words: em outras palavras 
 - in short, in brief: em resumo 
 - i.e. : (do latim) isto é 
 - that is to say: quer dizer 
 
 
7. COMPARAÇÃO: 
 - like, as: como 
 - than: do que 
 
8. ILUSTRAÇÃO: 
 - e.g. (do latim) por exemplo 
 - for instance, for example: por exemplo 
 - such as: tal como 
 - namely: a saber 
 - viz: (do latim) quer dizer 
 
9. CONDIÇÃO: 
 - if: se 
 - unless: se não, a menos que 
 - provided that: uma vez que 
 - on condition that: desde que 
 - as long as: uma vez que 
 - subject to: sujeito a 
 - whether: se 
 
10. CAUSA: 
 - because: porque 
 - due to: devido a 
 - as: porque 
 - since: uma vez que 
 
11. DÚVIDA OU HIPÓTESE: 
- perhaps, maybe: talvez 
 - possibly: possivelmente 
 
12. TEMPORAL: - when: quando 
 -while: enquanto 
Nas questões 1 à 4, assinale a(s) alternativa(s) que 
significa(m) o mesmo que o segmento em itálico 
extraído do texto “The Mayas”. 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. “...although the Mayas knew about the wheel, they 
never used it.”(lines 23-24) 
01. The Mayas didn’t know about the wheel, therefore 
they never used it. 
02. The Mayas knew about the wheel, but they never used 
it. 
04. The Mayas never used the wheel, however they knew 
about it. 
08. In spite of the knowing about the wheel, the Mayas 
never used it. 
 
2. “…Catherwood’s drawings revealed that the Mayas 
had incredible cities with temples, pyramids, and other 
buildings as impressive as those of their northern 
neighbors, the Aztecs”(lines 10-13) 
01. Catherwood’s drawings showed that the Mayas had 
incredible cities with temples, pyramids, and other 
buildings which made a deep impression exactly like 
of the Aztecs, who lived in the north. 
02. The cities with temples, pyramids, and other buildings 
of the Mayan civilization did not cause a great 
impression as the ones from the Aztecs. 
04. The Aztecs lived south from the Mayas but both had 
impressive cities with temples, pyramids, and other 
buildings. 
 Inglês 
 
 19 
08. Catherwood’s drawings revealed that the Mayas’ 
incredible cities with temple, pyramids, and other 
buildings made a deep impression on the Aztecs, who 
inhabited another continent. 
 
3. “The Mayas had a highly developed system of 
government as well as an incredibly accurate system of 
measuring time.”(lines 17-20) 
01. The Mayas had a highly developed system of 
government in addiction to an incredibly accurate 
system of measuring time. 
02. The Mayas had both a highly developed system of 
government and an incredibly accurate system of 
measuring time. 
04. The Mayas had not only a highly developed system of 
government but also an incredibly accurate system of 
measuring time. 
08. Besides having a highly developed system of 
government, the Mayas also had an incredibly 
accurate system of measuring time. 
 
4. “…their civilization came to an end because the Mayas 
never developed a proper resistance to local germs and 
diseases.”(lines 36-38) 
01. Due to the fact that the Mayas never developed a 
proper resistance to local microbes and illnesses, their 
civilization disappeared. 
02. As the Mayas were unable to resist local germs and 
diseases in a proper way, their civilization ceased to 
exist. 
04. The Mayas never offered an adequate resistance to 
local microbes and diseases; for that reason their 
civilization came to an end. 
08. The Mayas were able to develop a proper resistance to 
local germs and diseases; that’s why their civilization 
never came to an end. 
Os exercícios abaixo se baseiam no vocabulário do 
texto “The Mayas”. Assinale apenas uma opção que é 
equivalente à(s) palavra(s) em negrito. 
 
5. Mr Brown was on a business journey when he met his 
future wife 
a) deal. 
b) Newspaper. 
c) rush. 
d) trip. 
 
6. The architect was interested in the remains of an 
ancient church 
a) ruins. 
b) rebuilding. 
c) practical solutions. 
d)drawings. 
 
7. Catherwood’s drawings revealed incredible cities. 
a) Disrupted. 
b) Changed the order of. 
c) Showed. 
d) Question the existence of. 
 
8. In 1841 a book was published on the remarkable 
civilization. 
a) Extraordinary. 
b) Lost. 
c) Mischievous. 
d) Menacing. 
 
9. What gods do your people worship? 
a) Add to 
b) Adorn 
c) Adore 
d) Erode 
 
UNIDADE 13 
 
RELATIVE PRONOUNS 
Pronoun Used for Usage Example 
who person/people subject pronoun I liked the woman. She was so friendly. 
(Replace ‘she’) I liked the woman who was so friendly. 
that thing/things 
(sometimes 
people) 
subject pronoun I wanted the dress. It was such a good price. 
(Replace ‘it’) I wanted the dress that was such a good price. 
 I liked the woman. She was so friendly. 
(Replace ‘she’) I liked the woman that was so friendly. 
 object (pronoun) The dress was a good price. I saw it at Baileys. 
(Replace ‘it’) The dress that I saw at Baileys was a good price. 
which thing/things subject pronoun The dress was a good price. I saw it at Baileys. 
(Replace ‘it’) The dress, which I saw at Baileys, was a good price. 
 object pronoun I wanted the dress. It was such a good price. 
(Replace ‘it’) The dress, which I wanted, was such a good price. 
whose person/people possessive pronoun I have a friend. His parents are rich. 
(Replace ‘his’) I have a friend whose parents are rich. 
whom person/people object pronoun The girl is Susan. I like her a lot. 
(Replace ‘her’) The girl whom I like a lot is Susan. 
 Inglês 
 
 20 
 object after a 
preposition 
She is the girl. I told you about her. 
(Replaces ‘her’) She is the girl about whom I told you / She is the 
girl whom I told you about. 
where place there/it The shop is downtown. We work there. 
(Replace ‘there’) The shop where we work is downtown. 
 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
 
1. Fill in the blanks with WHO, WHICH, and WHOSE. 
a) This is the bank ________ was robbed yesterday. 
b) A boy __________ sister is in my class was in the 
bank at that time. 
c) The man _________ robbed the bank had two 
pistols. 
d) He wore a mask _________ made him look like 
Mickey Mouse. 
e) He came with a friend _________ waited outside in 
the car. 
f) The woman __________ gave him the money was 
young. 
g) The bag __________ contained the money was 
yellow. 
h) A man __________ mobile was ringing did not 
know what to do. 
i) He didn't wait at the traffic lights _________ were red. 
j) The police officer _________ car was parked at the 
next corner stopped and arrested them. 
2. Right or wrong? Correct the mistakes. 
 
a) A thief is a person which steals things. 
______________________________________________ 
b) An airplane is a machine that flies. 
______________________________________________ 
c) Have you seen the money that was on the desk? 
______________________________________________ 
d) I don’t like people which never stop talking. 
______________________________________________ 
e) I know somebody that can help you. 
______________________________________________ 
f) Correct the sentences who are wrong. 
______________________________________________ 
 
Choose the correct alternatives to fill in the blanks. 
 
3. Is that the man _____ wants to buy your cottage? 
a) whom c) that 
b) who d) b and c are correct 
 
4. We know the sculptor ______ works are displayed in 
that art gallery. 
a) whose c) who 
b) whom d) which 
 
5. Have you heard about the people and cars ____ are 
involved in the accident? 
a) whose c) who 
b) whom d) that 
 
 
 
6. Who is the old lady about _____ health the doctors 
are worried? 
a) who c) whose 
b) whom d) which 
Interrogative Pronouns 
 
 Interrogative pronouns are used to begin or 
introduce interrogative sentences. 
 They are who, whom, whose, what, which, why, how, 
how often, how long, how many, how much, and other 
derivatives. 
Examples 
- Whom did you invite to the party? 
- What color do you prefer? 
- Who did what to whom? 
- Why didn’t she come to school yesterday? 
- How do you go to John’s party? 
- How long have you been in California? 
 
Exercícios de Sala  
7. Put in WHAT, WHERE, WHY, WHEN, HOW into 
the gaps and form meaningful questions. 
a) _______ often do you play volleyball? 
b) _______ time does Bill get up in the morning? 
c) _______ don't you go by bus, Max? 
d) _______ hobbies does Andrew have? 
e) _______ do they go to every week? 
f) _______ old is Mike? 
g) _______ is Susan's birthday? 
h) _______ are you doing at the moment, Sally? 
i) ________ deep is your the club swimming pool? 
j) ________ do the Robinsons live? 
 
8. A alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 
abaixo é: 
 - “_______ are you doing?” 
- “I’m doing fine, thanks.” 
a) Why 
b) How 
c) Whose 
d) What 
e) Who 
 
9. A alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 
abaixo é: 
 - “_______ has a good sense of humor in your 
family?” 
- “Almost everybody does.” 
a) Why 
b) When 
c) Whose 
d) Who 
e) What 
 
 
 Inglês 
 
 21 
10.”_____ does he do in the laboratory?” 
 “He is the chief scientist here. 
a) How long 
b) Where 
c) What 
d) Why 
e) Who 
 
 (UFSC – 2008)- Text Thirteen 
SANTA CATARINA 
(1) […] Apart from indigenous inhabitants, only 
adventurers, seamen and military personnel had 
passed through these lands on their way to other 
places. In the middle of the XVII century, explorers 
from São Paulo founded three settlements – São 
Francisco do Sul, Desterro (today Florianópolis), and 
Santo Antônio de Laguna. But it was a century later, 
as of 1748 that the occupation of the territory 
began, with the arrival of the Azorean immigrants. 
(2) The Azoreans settled on the coast. The inland 
regions were occupied in the XIX century by 
successive migratory waves of different European 
origins. Pioneering Germans, Italians, Poles, 
Ukrainians, Norwegians, among others, had to face 
the natural jungle-like surroundings, live from the 
land, and develop enterprising spirits. During the 
XX century, other Europeans, Asians and Arabs, as 
well as Brazilians from other regions, came to plant 
their dreams and hopes in Catarinense soil. 
(3) The state has a wide variety of landscapes, 
ecosystems, historic roots and economic activities. 
Considering it occupies only 95.4 thousand km
2 
– 
equivalent to 1% of the Brazilian territory – the state 
offers a surprising variety of landscapes. The 
coastline is 560km long and the beaches are 
paradisiacal. The mountains with heights reaching 
2,000 meters are covered extensively with preserved 
forests, which mix and blend in with the rain forest 
and the majesty of the pine trees. There are also 
rivers, lakes and dozens of thermal-mineral springs. 
 Santa Catarina State Passport. 
SANTUR – Santa Catarina Tourist Agency (adapted). 
 
11. Considering the topic of text 1, choose the 
proposition(s) that can start it meaningfully. 
01. The occupation of the land, however, would only 
begin with the Vicentista settlement. 
02. In the beginning, the land which was called Santa 
Catarina by the navigator Sebastião Caboto, was 
occupied only by the indians. 
04. Although initially well implanted, Portugal saw no 
growth in the nucleus of the three first settlements. 
08. The king of Portugal, then, opened inscriptions for 
anyone who would like to settle in the south of Brazil. 
16. During the first two centuries of Brazil’s 
history, Santa Catarina was not part of the 
colonization process. 
32. With the possession of these open spaces, the effectiveoccupancy of the land began in Santa Catarina. 
 
12. Select the correct proposition(s) to answer the 
following question. 
What does the text say about the European immigrants 
who came to Santa Catarina? 
01. They had to deal with the difficulties of an unfriendly 
environment. 
02. The first settlements in Santa Catarina were founded 
by them. 
04. The colonies they established were very similar to 
their original countries. 
08. They were mostly from Germany and established 
their settlements in different parts of the state. 
16. Their survival depended on the use of the natural 
resources they found in the new land. 
32. They arrived at different times and came from 
different countries. 
 
13. The following statements, about the third 
paragraph of the text, are all false. Select the 
proposition(s) that can be made TRUE by changing one 
word or expression for the word or expression in 
parenthesis. 
01. The state occupies a considerable amount of the 
Brazilian territory. (large percentage) 
02. The forests which cover the mountains are in danger. 
(in extension) 
04. In some areas, pine trees cover the mountains. 
(protect) 
08. The coastal area extends for over six hundred 
kilometers. (almost) 
16. Geographic diversity is an unnoticeable feature of 
Santa Catarina’s territory. (outstanding) 
 
14. Select the correct proposition(s) to fill in the gaps of 
the following paragraph. 
 In Santa Catarina, ______ the special and ______ 
individual nature of the territory’s occupation, the 
human profile of the population is more ______ than 
in ______ Brazilian regions. The richness of the ______ 
mosaic is surprising! 
01. because of – very – diversified – other – ethnic 
02. just as – most – developed – entire – personal 
04. resulting from – truly – varied – many – cultural 
08. besides that – proper – settled – several – social 
16. along with – total – organized – each – racial 
 
15. Choose the proposition(s) that presents (present) the 
correct punctuation. 
01. In many cities rural, and agrestic land, some of it 
untouched by human hand. Coexists in harmony, 
near urban centers. The seasons are well defined: 
tropical summers cold winters with snow in some 
areas – and warm autumns. 
02. In many cities, rural and agrestic land, some of it 
untouched by human hand, coexists in harmony 
near urban centers. The seasons are well defined – 
tropical summers, cold winters, with snow in some 
areas, and warm autumns. 
04. In many cities, rural and agrestic land some of it, 
untouched by human hand coexists in harmony. 
Near urban centers the seasons, are well defined. 
Tropical summers, cold winters with snow, in some 
areas and warm autumns. 
08. In many cities rural and agrestic land – some of it, 
untouched by the human hand coexists. In harmony, 
near urban centers; the seasons are well defined, 
tropical summers cold winters with snow in some 
areas. And warm autumns