Gramática da Língua Inglesa

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Profa. Palma Rigolon
UNIDADE I
Língua Inglesa 
Gramática e Aplicação 
Esta disciplina tem como objetivos:
 levar o aluno a reconhecer e a produzir estruturas básicas da língua inglesa por meio do 
estudo das estruturas gramaticais;
 levar o aluno a desenvolver a escrita e a leitura em língua inglesa;
Língua Inglesa: Gramática e Aplicação
Continuação:
 ensinar as regras formais da língua inglesa e sua utilização nos diferentes contextos;
 capacitar o aluno a se comunicar nos diferentes contextos;
 apreender a importância do ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa, de 
forma contextualizada.
Língua Inglesa: Gramática e Aplicação
 I am happy today.
 You are very nice.
 He is a French teacher.
 She is late for school today.
 It is a fantastic book.
 We are friends.
 You are pilots.
 They are cousins.
Affirmative form – To be 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar”
 I’m happy today.
 You’re very nice.
 He’s a French teacher.
 She’s late for school today.
 It’s a fantastic book.
 We’re friends.
 You’re pilots.
 They’re cousins.
Affirmative form – To be (contracted)
“ser” 
ou 
“estar”
 I am not happy today.
 You are not very nice.
 He is not a French teacher.
 She is not late for school today.
 It is not a fantastic book.
 We are not friends.
 You are not pilots.
 They are not cousins.
Negative form – To be 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar”
 I’m not happy today.
 You aren’t very nice.
 He isn’t a French teacher.
 She isn’t late for school today.
 It isn’t a fantastic book.
 We aren’t friends.
 You aren’t pilots.
 They aren’t cousins.
Negative form – To be (contracted)
“ser” 
ou 
“estar”
 Am I wrong?
 Are you hungry?
 Is he a doctor?
 Is she a vet?
 Is it sunny?
 Are we late?
 Are you busy now?
 Are they enemies? 
Interrogative form – To be
“ser” 
ou 
“estar”
 Aren’t I wrong?
 Aren’t you hungry?
 Isn’t he a doctor?
 Isn’t she a vet?
 Isn’t it sunny?
 Aren’t we late?
 Aren’t you busy now?
 Aren’t they enemies? 
Interrogative form – To be (negative) 
“ser” 
ou 
“estar”
In questions, as we don’t have a form for “am” in the negative, we have to use “aren’t”. 
 Aren’t I intelligent?
 Aren’t I on time?
It’s also used in question tags (small questions that often come at the end of sentences in 
speech, and sometimes in informal writing):
 I am on time, aren’t I?
 I am owing you something, aren’t I?
To be
When to use?
a) To talk about ourselves;
b) To talk about somebody’s life;
c) To talk about age;
d) To talk about physical characteristics and conditions in general: height, size, color.
To be
a) Talking about ourselves:
 There are many different situations we can talk about ourselves.
Introducing ourselves or other people (formal or informal situation):
 This is my friend Susan.
 Hi Susan, I’m Paul. Nice to meet you.
 Nice to meet you too.
 This is my co-worker Mary Smith.
 Hello, I’m Simon. Nice to meet you.
 Nice to meet you too.
To be 
Disponível em: http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-introduce-people. 
b) Talking about somebody’s life:
 Daniel Jacob Radcliffe is an English born actor who achieved his fame and name by working 
in the Hollywood adaptation of J. K. Rowling’s ‘Harry Potter’. He did seven movies for the 
‘Harry Potter’ series, which made him a Hollywood superstar. He was born and brought up in 
London in a working class family. His mother is a casting agent for BBC and his father is a 
literary agent. He has always been inclined towards acting and by the time he was 10 he was
casted in BBC’s ‘David Copperfield’. 
To be
Fonte: http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/daniel-radcliffe-3737.php
From there onwards he was recognized as a known child artist from England. He worked on the 
Harry Potter series from 2002 to 2010, which established him as a talented actor and the richest 
teenager in England. He is a winner of National Movie Award and has been nominated several 
times for the MTV Awards. 
He has done many theatre productions like Martin McDonagh’s ‘The Cripple of Inishmaan’ and 
‘The Play I Wrote’. Some of the other movies that he has acted in until now are ‘The Woman in 
Black’, ‘My Boy Jack’ and ‘Kill Your Darlings’. His upcoming movies are ‘Frankenstein’ and 
‘Tokyo Voice’.
Disponível em: http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/daniel-radcliffe-3737.php
To be
c) Talking about age: 
 How old are you?
 I am 35.
 How old is Susan?
 She is 22.
 How old are they?
 Paul is 12 and Mary 13.
To be
Different from 
Portuguese!
d) Talking about physical characteristics and conditions in general: 
 He is five feet tall.
 What size are your shoes?
 The room is twenty meters long.
 A: What color are his eyes? B: They are blue.
 He is the same height as his father.
To be
height, size, color
Choose the correct alternative concerning the usage of “to be”.
a) Mary and Susan is best friends.
b) Am not I intelligent?
c) I am a good friend, aren’t I?
d) Paul and Anna isn’t at home.
e) I have 20 years old.
Interatividade
Choose the correct alternative concerning the usage of “to be”.
a) Mary and Susan is best friends.
b) Am not I intelligent?
c) I am a good friend, aren’t I?
d) Paul and Anna isn’t at home.
e) I have 20 years old.
Resposta
 There is
 There isn’t 
 There are
 There aren’t 
There to be
singular 
plural 
We use there + to be to talk about the existence of something or to describe places:
Singular:
 There is a bus stop close to the hospital.
 There’s a bus stop close to the hospital.
Plural:
 There are new books in the library.
 There’re new books in the library.
There to be
Questions:
Singular:
 Is there a bus stop close to the hospital?
 Isn’t there a bus stop close to the hospital?
 Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Plural:
 Are there museums close to the university?
 Aren’t there museums close to the university?
 Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
There to be
There to be
Impossível usar a forma 
contraída na pergunta!
Atenção!
Quando usamos “there + to be”, o verbo “to be” deve concordar com o substantivo do qual 
estamos falando:
There’s an important meeting at work.
(an important meeting – singular)
There are ten night clubs in my city.
(ten night clubs – plural)
There to be
Present (Singular):
 Affirmative Negative
 There is There isn’t
Present (Plural):
 Affirmative Negative
 There are There aren’t
There to be
Past (Singular): 
 Affirmative Negative
 There was There wasn’t
Past (Plural):
 Affirmative Negative
 There were There weren’t
There to be
Future (Singular):
 Affirmative Negative
 There will be There won’t be
Future (Plural):
 Affirmative Negative
 There will be There won’t be
There to be
Não há diferença 
no futuro!
São usados “there 
will be” ou “there 
won’t be” para 
singular e plural!

Present:
 There is a black car parked in front of my house. (sing.)
 There isn’t a black car parked in front of my house. (sing.)
 There are several balloons in the sky. (plural)
 There aren’t several balloons in the sky. (plural)
There to be
Past:
 There was a good film on TV last evening. (sing.)
 There wasn’t a good film on TV last evening. (sing.)
 There were lots of people at the party. (plural)
 There weren’t lots of people at the party. (plural)
There to be
Future:
 There will be some rain in the afternoon. (sing.)
 There won’t be any rain in the afternoon. (sing.)
 There will be a lot of people at the party. (plural)
 There won’t be a lot of people at the party. (plural) 
There to be
Dear Maggie,
Greetings from London! We’re having a wonderful time. There are so many interesting things to
see and do here! There are interesting little stores on every street, and there are lots of funny
things to buy.
There to be
Fonte: https://www.viator.com/pt-BR/tours/London/Terror-at-the-Tower-and-See-over-20-plus-London-Sights-tour-Kids-nearly-free/d737-75760P23
I hope my suitcase is big enough. There are also a lot of great museums! We went to the Tower 
of London yesterday.
And we are going to the British Museum today. We’re staying at a really nice bed-and-breakfast. 
It’s a nice, comfortable place, and there are lots of interesting people from different countries 
staying here.
There to be
Fonte: http://meuguiaturistico.com.br/os-otimos-museus-de-londres/
I have to sign off now; we’re ready to go to the museum. Say hi to Mark and everyone else.
Love,
Amanda.
There to be
Fonte: http://meuguiaturistico.com.br/os-otimos-museus-de-londres/
Disponível em: Schoenberg & Mauer, 2006, p. 205.
Which sentence is correct regarding the use of “there to be”?
a) There are just one dress in the closet. 
b) There isn’t any children playing outside.
c) Are there guests already coming?
d) I don’t know if there will money enough for the party.
e) There won’t any store open when we arrive there. 
Interatividade
Which sentence is correct regarding the use of “there to be”?
a) There are just one dress in the closet. 
b) There isn’t any children playing outside.
c) Are there guests already coming?
d) I don’t know if there will money enough for the party.
e) There won’t any store open when we arrive there. 
Resposta
Yes / No questions are limited.
There is only one of two answers (positive or negative). 
 Are you in a hurry? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
 Are you married? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
 Is she single? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
 Am I a good friend? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t. 
 Are we on time? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
Yes / No Questions
 Wh-questions are unlimited.
Any number of answers can be given, as long as they give information required by the Wh-
word:
 who
 whose
 what
 when
 where
 why
 how
Wh-Questions
Possibilidades de “how”:
 How big
 How far
 How long
 How old
 How deep
 How tall
 How many
 How much
 etc.
Wh-Questions
Com o verbo “to be”:
 Who’s your teacher?
 Whose umbrella is this? *Whose is this umbrella?
 What’s your favorite color?
 When is your birthday?
 Where are they now?
 Why is she so sad today?
 How is he doing?
Wh-Questions
Usado para se referir a:
a) Ações em progresso (ações acontecendo no momento);
b) Ações temporárias;
c) Ações futuras planejadas; 
d) Ações que dão ideia de rotina ou repetição.
Present Continuous
a) Ações em progresso (ações acontecendo no momento):
 I am studying at this moment. (I am not studying…)
 You are writing now. (You are not writing…)
 He is speaking English. (He is not speaking…)
 She is washing her face. (She is not washing…) 
 It is raining now. (It is not raining…)
 We are listening to the radio. (We are not listening…)
 They are having dinner. (They are not having…) 
Present Continuous
Verb to be + verb (ing)
Am / Are / Is 
Questions:
 Am I talking to you?
 Yes, you are. No, you are not. (No, you aren’t.)
 Are you calling him? 
 Yes, I am. No, I am not. (No, I’m not.)
 Is he having fun? 
 Yes, he is. No, he is not. (No, he isn’t.)
Present Continuous
 Is she preparing dinner?
 Yes, she is. No, she is not. (No, she isn’t.)
 Is it raining?
 Yes, it is. No, it is not. (No, it isn’t.)
 Are we already planning our next trip?
 Yes, we are. No, we are not. (No, we aren’t.)
 Yes, you are. No, you are not. (No, you aren’t.)
Present Continuous
 Are you booking a new room?
 Yes, we are. No, we are not. (No, we aren’t.)
 Are they lying in the hammock? 
 Yes, they are. No, they are not. (No, they aren’t.)
Present Continuous
b) Ações temporárias:
 I am working at home this week.
 My sister is living at home for the moment. 
 Paul is working in Japan this month.
c) Ações futuras planejadas:
 Where are you spending your vacation?
 Come and see us, if you are passing through London.
 I am buying a car next month.
Present Continuous
d) Ações que dão ideia de rotina ou repetição:
 Why is he always crying so much?
 I’m always losing my keys.
 Granny’s always giving us little presents.
Present Continuous
Regras na ortografia
Regra geral: sufixo “–ing” sem alterações:
 jump jumping
 sing singing 
 teach teaching
 eat eating 
 do doing
Present Continuous
Verbos que terminam em “–e”:
 dance dancing 
 have having 
 make making
 write writing 
 live living
Present Continuous
Verbos que terminam em “–y”:
 play playing 
 study studying 
 enjoy enjoying 
 buy buying
 fly flying
Present Continuous
Verbos que terminam em consoante + vogal + consoante (CVC):
 get getting 
 sit sitting 
 cut cutting 
 run running
 win winning
Present Continuous
Verbos que terminam em “– ie”:
 lie lying
 die dying
 tie tying
Present Continuous
Cuidado! Alguns verbos não são usados na forma progressiva:
Present Continuous
“belong”, “like”, “prefer”, “love”, “hate”, 
“want”, “need”, “know”, “mean”, 
“understand”, “believe”, “remember”, 
“forget”, “depend”. 
Choose the alternative that only presents correct sentences.
a) Only II and III are correct.
b) Only III and IV are correct.
c) Only IV and V are correct.
d) Only I and V are correct.
e) All of them are correct.
Interatividade
I. He is reading a book at the moment.
II. They are going to the movies once a week.
III. He is always studying English this month.
IV. We visiting our friends this evening.
V. I am working in the sales department this month, because Jane 
is on vacation. 
Choose the alternative that only presents correct sentences.
a) Only II and III are correct.
b) Only III and IV are correct.
c) Only IV and V are correct.
d) Only I and V are correct.
e) All of them are correct.
Resposta
I. He is reading a book at the moment.
II. They are going to the movies once a week.
III. He is always studying English this month.
IV. We visiting our friends this evening.
V. I am working in the sales department this month, because Jane 
is on vacation. 
Fórmula:
Future – To be going to
to be + going to + main verb
(am / are / is)
It is used to talk about future actions and events that have some present reality. 
Fonte: https://pixabay.com/pt/c%C3%A9u-nuvens-dram%C3%A1tica-592414/
 There are black clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain.
 There is a big hole in front of you. Watch out! 
You are going to fall into it!
Future – To be going to
If we say that something in the future is happening or is going to happen, it is usually already 
planned or decided, or it is starting to happen, or we can see it coming now. (Swan, 2005)
 There is a nice film on TV tonight. Are you going to watch it?
 Mary is going to buy a new car.
 This food looks horrible. I am not going to eat it.
 I’m travelling tomorrow evening.
 What time are you going to the dentist tomorrow?
Future – To be going to 
 “When we are simply giving information about the future, or predicting the future events which 
are not already decided or obviously on the way, we usually use will / shall + infinitive (Shall is 
rare in American English).” (Swan, 2005, p. 209)
 Still according to Swan (2005, p. 209), those auxiliary verbs are also used to express people’s 
intentions and attitudes towards other people. 
 They are common in: offers, requests, threats, promises and announcements of decisions.
Future – Will 
 What would you like to drink?
 I’ll have a lemonade, please.
 (*Decision done at the moment of speaking)
 The phone is ringing. 
 Ok, I’ll take it!
 (*Decision done at the moment of speaking)
Future – Will 
Fonte: https://www.simplyrecipes.com/recipes/perfect_lemonade/
 Offering to do something:
 That bag is too heavy. I’ll help you with it.
 Agreeing to do something:
 Have you finished reading the book I lent you?If you did, can I have it back?
 Of course. I’ll give it to you tomorrow.
 Promising to do something:
 Thanks for lending me the book. I’ll give you back next week.
 I won’t tell anyone what happened. I promise.
Future – Will 
 Asking somebody to do something:
 Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to read.
 Will you shut the door, please?
 Giving or asking for information about the future:
 Tomorrow it will be warm, with some clouds in the afternoon.
 Will all the family be at the wedding?
 Saying what we think, guess or calculate:
 Who do you think will win?
 You will never finish that book.
Future – Will 
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence:
a) I am going. 
b) I am going to go.
c) I will go.
d) I go.
e) Will I go.
Interatividade
I think _______________ to Germany to visit my 
relatives.
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence:
a) I am going. 
b) I am going to go.
c) I will go.
d) I go.
e) Will I go.
Resposta
I think _______________ to Germany to visit my 
relatives.
 SWAN, Michael; CATHERINE, Walter. How english works: a gramar practice book. Oxford 
University Press, 2005.
Referência bibliográfica
ATÉ A PRÓXIMA!