ENGLISH - EEAR

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ENGLISH - EEAR
CHAPTER 01: 
ARTICLES
De acordo com a língua portuguesa, Artigos são
palavras que acompanham os substantivos, indicando o
seu número (singular ou plural) e o seu gênero (masculino
ou feminino). Podem ser classificados em artigos definidos
e indefinidos.
Artigos definidos determinam os substantivos: o garoto.
Artigos indefinidos indeterminam os substantivos: um
garoto.
Em inglês, essa definição será EM PARTES parecida
com o português. Veja esta definição de acordo com
study.com1:
An article is a word used to modify a noun, which is a
person, place, object, or idea. Technically, an article is an
adjective, which is any word that modifies a noun. There are
two different types of articles that we use in writing and
conversation to point out or refer to a noun or group of
nouns: definite and indefinite articles.
Esta definição é um pouco estranha, não é? Como
assim, artigos são adjetivos? Aqui vai uma visão da
gramática inglesa muito interessante para você enteder a
língua; logo, PEGA A VISÃO!
Costuma-se classificar como adjetivo tudo aquilo que
acompanha o substantivo!!!
Isto quer dizer que, na prova, por exemplo a
classificação de “A” seria “Adjetivo”? NÃO! ISTO QUER
DIZER QUE ELE TEM FUNÇÃO PARECIDA COM A DE UM
ADJETIVO, MAS É UM ARTIGO.
Como vimos, existem dois tipos de artigos em inglês:
definidos e indefindos.
INDEFINITE ARTICLES:
A / AN
 Só são usados antes de substantivos contáveis e
no singular.
 Equivalem a “um” ou “uma”
P.s.: Substantivos incontáveis usam o sistema de medidas.
Ex: meat, salt, sugar.
USAGES:
1. Indeterminar o substantivo
I have to buy a car.
2.Antes de Profissões
1
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-articles-in-
english-grammar-definition-use-examples.html
He’s a soldier
She’s an aviator
3. = One
I have a brother
4. Em frases exclamativas com “What” 
What a hot day!
What an excellent idea!
5.Frequência
Once A Day
Twice A Week
Three Times A Fortnight
Four Times A Month
Five Times A Year
Six Times A Decade etc.
Ex: They go to the beach once a year.
06. Antes de sistemas de medidas
A pound of meat
A foot of snow
07.Após “Half” indicando a metade de algo.
Half an hour
Half a sandwich
A
É usado antes do SOM de consoantes.
a house a watch a year
But: a ewe; a European country; a University; a unit; a
uniform; a unique situation; a unicorn; a UFO; a unycicle.
P.s.: Em todas estas palavras, o som inicial delas é o
mesmo da palavra you, por isso, é considerado como somo
de consoante.
Antes de expressões com “one”
a one-eyed monster 
a one-week vacation
AN
É usado antes do SOM de vogais.
An angel 
An umbrella
But: an heir; an honor; an hour; an honest person; 
Nestas palavras o “H” não tem som; logo temos som de
vogal nas palavras.
Antes do som isolado das letras “F”, “H”, “L”, “M”, “N”, “R”,
“S” and “X”.
an x-ray an MTV show 
an HBO movie
P.S.: A palavra “herb” possui duas pronúncias, por isso, é
possível usar os dois artigos com ela.
A herb
An herb
1
ENGLISH - EEAR
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
THE
O Artigo Definido The é usado antes de um substantivo já 
conhecido pelo ouvinte ou leitor. Significa O, A, OS, AS, 
mas, em Inglês, é invariável em gênero e número, ao 
contrário do que acontece no Português. Exemplos:
The boy - O menino
The boys - Os meninos
The girl - A menina
The girls - As meninas
Quando usar o Artigo Definido - When to use the 
Definite Article
Utiliza-se o The diante de:
1. Substantivos mencionados anteriormente, já 
definidos pelo locutor:
He wrote some letters and postcards. The letters were to his
girlfriend.
Ele escreveu algumas cartas e cartões-postais. As cartas 
eram para sua namorada.
2. Substantivos únicos em sua espécie:
The Sun (o sol), the Moon (a lua), the sky (o 
céu), the planet Earth (o planeta Terra), the universe (o 
universo), etc.
3. Antes das palavras “sky”, “capital”, “environment”, 
“world”, “floor = ground”:
We must do something to preserve the environment
4. Nomes Geográficos de rios, mares, canais, oceanos, 
pólos, desertos, golfos, grupos de ilhas e cadeias de 
montanhas:
The Amazonas River, The Pacif Ocean, The English 
Channel (O Canal da Mancha), The North 
Pole, TheSahara, The Gulf of 
Mexico, The Bahamas, The Alps, etc.
 
5. Adjetivos usados como substantivos no plural:
The poor (os pobres), The powerful (os 
poderosos), The good (os bons), The bad (os maus)
Como podemos proceder, então, para os substantivos no 
singular? Como dizer, por exemplo, "o poderoso" ou "a 
pobre"? Veja:
The powerful man helped the poor woman.
O poderoso ajudou a pobre.
Note que especificamos a quem o adjetivo está se referindo
(adjetivo + substantiv o) 
6. Nomes compostos de países:
The United Kingdom (o Reino Unido)
The United States (os Estados Unidos)
The United Arab Emirates (os Emirados Árabes Unidos)
The Dominican Republic (a República Dominicana)
7. Com nomes próprios para indicar a família toda ou 
especificar a pessoa sobre a qual se fala.
The Martins went to the restaurant they like.
Os Martins foram ao restaurante que gostam.
The Kennedys are a famous family.
Os Kennedy são uma família famosa.
The John I'm talking about is Jane's brother. 
O John de quem estou falando é o irmão da Jane.
Peter is my Friend. (e não "The Peter is my friend")
O Peter é meu amigo.
We are selling our house. (e não "We are selling the 
our house")
Estamos vendendo (a) nossa casa.
P.s.: Em inglês, não se usa artigo na frente de possessivos, 
tampouco na frente de nomes próprios em geral.
 
8. Antes de nomes de instrumentos musicais e 
ritmos/danças:
John plays the piano very well. 
John toca piano muito bem. 
That girl who is playing the clarinet is Martha's sister. 
Aquela garota que está tocando clarinete é irmã da Martha.
Mary likes the saxophone.
Mary gosta de saxofone.
Valéria dances the samba graciously.
Valéria dança samba graciosamente.
Juan dances the tango like a professional.
Juan dança tango como um profissional.
 
2
http://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/substantivo1.php
http://www.solinguainglesa.com.br/conteudo/Bruna's%20development/adjetivos.php
ENGLISH - EEAR
9. Com nomes de jornais: 
The Economist, The New York Times, The Washington Post
10. Com a maioria dos nomes de edifícios: 
The Capitol, The Empire 
States, The Louvre, The Kremlin, The Taj 
Mahal, The Vatican 
Exceções: Buckingham Palace e todos os edifícios com a 
palavra hall (Carnegie Hall, Lilly Hall).
11. Diante de nomes de cinemas, teatros, hotéis, 
restaurantes, clubes, museus, bibliotecas e galerias de 
arte: 
There's a foreign film festival at the Paramount. 
Há um festival de filmes estrangeiros no Paramount. 
I saw Barbra Streisand at the Palladium in 1975. 
Eu vi Barbra Streisand no Palladium em 1975. 
12. Com os superlativos:
Hellen is the best teacher I've ever had.
A Hellen é a melhor professora que eu já tive.
This is the most difficult topic in English.
Este é o tópico mais difícil em inglês.
13. Com o grau comparativo, para indicar que duas 
coisas aumentam ou diminuem na mesma proporção: 
The more she gets, the more she wants. 
Quanto mais ela consegue, mais ela quer.
The more I study philosophy, the less I understand it. 
Quanto mais eu estudo filosofia, menos eu entendo.
14. Com numerais ordinais indicando ênfase numérica: 
This is the first time she comes to Brazil. 
Esta é a primeira vez que ela vem ao Brasil. 
15. TV quando estiver se referindo ao aparelho. Se se 
referir à programação, não se usa.
Please turn up the TV.
I often see TV at night and at the weekend.
16. Antes de espécies de animais no singular.
The dog is the pet people like the most. I prefer cats, 
instead.
17. Usa-se antes de Mountain, Lake, Lagoon or Mount 
desde que não se diga o que é.
The Titicaca. But Lake Titicaca.
The Everest. But Mount Everest.
Quando NÃO usar o Artigo Definido - When NOT to use 
the Definite Article
Omite-se o The quando temos:
1. Nomesde cidades, estados, ilhas, países, 
continentes:
Brazil is a very large country.
O Brasil é um país muito extenso.
Roraima is the Brazil's Northernmost state.
Roraima é o estado mais ao norte do Brasil.
Hawaii is in Oceania.
O Havaí situa-se na Oceani
2. Nomes próprios e pronomes possessivos:
Mary's best friend is Bob.
O melhor amigo da Mary é o Bob.
I think our gold was stolen. (E não "I think the our gold 
was stolen")
Acredito que o nosso ouro foi roubado.
 
3. Substantivos no plural utilizados em sentido 
genérico:
People all over the world want to be happy. 
As pessoas em todos os cantos do mundo querem ser 
felizes.
4. Substantivos abstratos ou os que indicam material:
We all need some little happiness. 
Todos nós precisamos de um pouquinho de felicidade.
Most people fear death. 
A maioria das pessoas tem 
Diamond is a girl's best friend. 
O diamante é o melhor amigo da mulher. 
Silk is much used in summer. 
A seda é bastante usada no verão.
3
ENGLISH - EEAR
Se especificados, o artigo torna-se obrigatório
The happiness she feels seems to be artificial. 
A felicidade que ela sente parece ser artificial.
The death of the milkman is still a mystery. 
A morte do leiteiro ainda é um mistério.
The diamond Paul gave her is beautiful. 
O diamante que Paul lhe deu é lindo.
Pega a visão! “Especificou, usou o artigo!!!
5. Substantivos que denotam esportes, ciências, 
disciplinas acadêmicas, cores, refeições, estações do 
ano, meses e dias da semana:
Tennis is very popular in Australia.
O tênis é muito popular na Austrália.
Biology is an important science.
A Biologia é uma ciência importante.
Chemistry and Physics are required for that course. 
Química e física são exigidas para aquele curso.
Could you please send me the books on Monday?
Você poderia, por gentileza, me enviar os livros na 
segunda-feira?
Mas: The blue of her eyes is stunning.
O azul dos olhos dela é estonteante.
The lunch my grandma offered us was delicious.
O almoço que minha vó nos ofereceu estava delicioso.
The winter we spent in London was unforgettable.
O inverno que passamos em Londres foi inesquecível.
Observe que os substantivos destacados nesse último 
grupo estão empregados em sentido específico.
 
6. Títulos ou designações de cargos, apesar de levarem
o artigo, como em Português, devem ser usados sem 
artigo quando acompanhados de nome próprio:
The president came to our city. O presidente veio à nossa 
cidade.
Mas: President Kennedy was murdered. O presidente 
Kennedy foi assassinado.
The Queen of England lives in London. A rainha da 
Inglaterra mora em Londres. 
Mas: Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in 1953. A Rainha 
Elizabeth II foi coroada em 1953.
The doctor is visiting his patients. O médico está visitando 
seus pacientes.
Mas: Doctor Varella is visiting his patients. O doutor Varella
está visitando seus pacientes.
The captain spoke to the soldiers. O capitão falou aos 
soldados.
Mas: Captain Smith spoke to the soldiers. O capitão Smith 
falou ao soldados.
7. Antes das palavras next e last, em expressões 
temporais:
We all plan to fly to Europe next semester. 
Nós todos planejamos viajar para a Europa no semestre
que vem. 
Last week, Melanie didn't come to school because she 
was sick. 
Na semana passada, Melanie não veio à escola porque 
estava doente.
8. Diante de palavras que se referem a idiomas: 
They want to speak English fluently. 
Eles querem falar Inglês fluentemente. 
SONG SUGGESTION:2
LA ISLA BONITA – MADONNA
(Spoken:)
Como puede ser verdad
How could it be true? 
Last night I dreamt of San Pedro
Just like I'd never gone, I knew the song
A young girl with eyes like the desert
It all seems like yesterday, not far away
Chorus:
Tropical the island breeze
All of nature wild and free
This is where I long to be
La isla bonita
And when the samba played
The sun would set so high
Ring through my ears and sting my eyes
Your Spanish lullaby
The beautiful island
I fell in love with San Pedro
Warm wind carried on the sea, he called to me
Te dijo te amo
I prayed that the days would last
They went so fast
2 Esta é uma sugestão de música para que você possa 
fazer tradução e tirar dúvida com seu professor. É uma 
boa forma de aprender vocabulário.
4
ENGLISH - EEAR
He told you, "I love you"
(chorus)
I want to be where the sun warms the sky
When it's time for siesta you can watch them go by
Beautiful faces, no cares in this world
Where a girl loves a boy, and a boy loves a girl
 
Last night I dreamt of San Pedro
It all seems like yesterday, not far away
(chorus twice)
La la la la la la la
Te dijo te amo
La la la la la la la
El dijo que te ama
He told you, "I love you"
He said he loves you
HORA DE PRATICAR: EXERCÍCIOS:
QUESTÕES ANTERIORES DA EEAR:
01 – Choose the alternative in which the definite article is
used correctly.
a)The Brazilians are very friendly.
b)The old man is arriving right now.
c)The spring is the season of flowers.
d)The New York is a very beautiful city.
02 – According to the use of the definite article, choose the 
best alternative.
a) He is learning guitar and piano.
b) The France is famous for its wine.
c) The Biology is an important science.
d) The Queen of England lives in London.
Read the extract and answer question 03.
________ year 1665was very bad for England. ___
epidemic of ____ terrible disease, bubonic plague, killed
over seventy thousand people just in London.
(Adapted from Password English)
03 – Fill in the blanks with the correct articles:
a.The / A / A
b.The / An / A
c.An / The / A
d.A / An / The
Read the text and answer questions 04 and 05.
Leonardo da Vinci has long been praised as one of the
finest artists of ___ Renaissance, working far ahead of his
time and producing some of the world’s most recognizable
works.
But da Vinci has finally received ___ credit he deserves for
his startling medical accuracy hundreds of years in advance
of his peers, as scientists compare his anatomical drawings
with modern day MRI scans.
In a series of 30 pictures, an organization in England
intends to show just accurate da Vinci was.
(Adapted from www.telegraph.co.uk)
GLOSSARY
Praised – considerado, visto
Startling – supreendente, impressionante
MRI scans – imagens de ressonância magnética
04 – Fill in the blanks with the suitable options, respectively: 
a) a - a 
b) a - the 
c) the - a 
d) the – the
05 – In “...the world’s most recognizable works...”, the
underlined word is closest in meaning to 
a) easily identified. 
b) artistically made. 
c) readily available. 
d) commercially priced.
MORE EXERCISES ON THE TOPIC:
06 | JFS 1999
Assinale a alternativa correta:
It would be better for __________ environment if more
people used __________ bikes rather than __________
cars.
a) the – the – the
b) the – * – the
c) the – * – *
d) * – the – *
e) * – * – *
07 | JFS 1999
Assinale a alternativa correta:
It's __________ disgrace that __________ government
spends so much on __________ guns and so little on
__________ education.
a) a – a – the – the
b) * – a – * – the
c) a – the – the – the
d) * – the – * – *
e) a – the – * – *
08 | UNESP 1991
It was __________ honor for us to see __________ Queen
of __________ England.
a) a – the – the
b) * – a – *
c) an – a – the
d) the – * – an
e) an – the – *
5
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/
ENGLISH - EEAR
09 | ITA 1994
Complete corretamente o texto a seguir:
The pianist I told you about lives in __________(I) one-
story building on Main Street. Although she isn’t
__________(II) professional musician, she plays
__________ (III) piano extremely well.
a) an – a – the
b) * – * – a
c) a – a – the
d) an – * – *
e) the – * – *
10 | JFS 2000
Complete corretamente as sentenças abaixo indicando a
alternativa correta:
- __________ life you want is really fascinating.
- I felt __________ love in her touch.
- Carlson, __________ teacher, has become __________
rich man.
- Everybody intends to enter in __________ university.
- Johnson bought__________ ewe.
a) The – the – a/ a – an – a
b) The – * – the/ a – a – a
c) The – the – the/ a – a – an
d) * – * – the/ a – an – a
e) The – * – the/ a – an – an
11 | UNITAU 1995
Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à sequência que
completa as lacunas a seguir:
__________ Indian the ecologist saw, started __________
horrible fire because of __________ ordinary yellow bird
__________ flew over his head.
a) a; the; a; who
b) an; the; a; whose
c) the; a; an; which
d) the; an; a; whom
e) a; an; a; which
12 | FUVEST 1977 – ADAPTED
In __________ beginning, __________ religion played
__________ important part in ______ history of
__________ Brazil.
a) a / the / a / the / *
b) * / the / an / the / *
c) the / the / a / the / *
d) the / * / an / the / *
e) the / the / an / the / *
13 | FUVEST 1978 – ADAPTED
__________ money is very important, but you can't buy
__________ bit of luck with all __________ money you
have.
a) The / a / the
b) * / a / the
c) A / a / the
d) Some / a / the
e) The / a / *
14 | PUCPR 1996
Fill in the blanks of the following sentence with the definite
article:
__________ Brazil is __________ most industrial country in
__________ South America, while __________ United
States holds __________ same position in _______North
America.
a) the; the; the; the; the; the
b) *; the; the; *; the; *
c) *; the; *; the; the; *
d) *; the; the; the; the; *
e) the; *; *; *; the; the
15 | PUCCAMP 1992
Fred: I've been thinking of buying __________.
Sam: Really? Which make are you considering?
Fred: That doesn't matter as long as __________ is
economical.
a) a car – some car
b) a car – the car
c) some car – car
d) the car – a car
e) car – a car
16 | UFPB 1998
Read this sentence:
__________ good idea is __________ good idea, whether
it's done in __________ one, __________ three or 33
countries.
– It is completed by the following sequence:
a) A / no article / the / the
b) no article / no article / a / a
c) The / the / no article / no article
d) A / a / no article / no article
e) The / no article / a / no article
17 | PUCPR 2001
In which of the sentences we MUSTN'T use the article THE
to complete the blanks?
a) __________ Statue of Liberty is visited by thousands of
tourists every year.
b) Lots of people enjoy __________ amount of time they
spend outdoors.
c) Richard Claydermann will play __________ piano for
hundred people in the theatre tomorrow.
d) Economically, __________ London is considered one of
the most important cities in Europe.
e) Who is __________ next to be interviewed?
18 | EFOMM 2007
__________ lemon originated in __________ China and
spread south to __________ Malaysian islands and west to
____ India.
a) A / the / the / *
b) * / * / * / *
c) The / the / the / the
d) A / the / * / *
e) The / * / the / *
6
ENGLISH - EEAR
19 | PUCPR 2000
Which is the correct alternative about the use of the article
"the" in the phrases below?
I. You mustn't smoke in __________ class.
II. Marcos has all the right qualifications for __________ job.
III. Sometimes there are shows in __________ Central
Park.
IV. __________ Mercury is the smallest planet in
__________ Solar System.
V. __________ liberty and __________ democracy are
idealized since __________ French Revolution.
a) Only in sentences I and II it's necessary to use the article
THE.
b) It's correct to use THE in all blank spaces.
c) In alternatives I, III, IV and V it's correct to complete the
spaces with THE.
d) About alternative V, it only needs the article in the third
space.
e) We have to use THE only in the second space of phrase
number IV.
20 | UNITAU 1995
Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à sequência na qual
se inclui um uso inadequado do artigo em inglês:
a) a watch; a pity; an orange.
b) an umbrella; a real effort; a year.
c) a small plane; an idea; a whale.
d) a one-man show; an university; a private investigator.
e) an egg; an uncle; a book.
21 | JFS 2000
Complete corretamente as sentenças abaixo:
- __________ life you want is really fascinating.
- I felt __________ love in her touch.
- Carlson, __________ teacher, has become __________
rich
man.
- Everybody intends to enter in __________ university.
- Johnson bought __________ ewe.
a) The – the – a/ a – an – a
b) The – * – the/ a – a – a
c) The – the – the/ a – a – an
d) * – * – the/ a – an – a
e) The – * – the/ a – an – an
22 | ITA 1990
Marque a alternativa que corretamente preenche as lacunas
I e II da sentença a seguir:
__________ (I) Dr. Brown refused to talk to __________ (II)
doctor who wanted to help him é:
a) the – the
b) * – the
c) * – an
d) the – a
e) the – an
23 | JFS 2009
Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the correct
sequence of articles:
The Strokes are __________ American rock band formed in
1998 that rose to fame in __________ early 2000s as
__________ leading group in __________ garage rock
revival. Upon __________ release of their acclaimed debut
album Is This It in 2001, many critics hyped __________
group as the "saviors of rock" for __________ their stripped
down sound, heavily influenced by bands such as The
Velvet Underground. Since then, __________ band has
maintained
__________ large fan base and has enjoyed much
__________ success, particularly in __________ United
Kingdom.
Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/
a) an – an – a – the – the – the – a – the – a – no article –
the
b) an – the – an – a – the – the – no article – the – a – a –
the
c) an – the – a – the – the – the – no article – the – a – no
article – the
d) an – the – a – the – the – the – no article – the – a – no
article – no article
e) an – the – a – no article – a – the – no article – the – a –
a – the
24| UNESP 1994
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna:
The __________ uncle was dead.
a) writer
b) writers
c) writer of
d) writer's
e) writers of the
25 | UNESP 1999
__________ farm is that large one? It is __________.
a) Which – Peter's
b) Whose – Peter's
c) Whose – of Peter
d) Which – for Peter
e) What – Peter's
26 | JFS 2000
Complete:
__________ wives arrived together.
a) Alan’s and Victor’s
b) Alan’s and Victor
c) Alan and Victor’s
d) Alan’ and Victor’
e) Alan’ and Victor’s
ANSWER-KEY:
01 – Choose the alternative in which the definite article is
used correctly.
b)The old man is arriving right now.
02 – According to the use of the definite article, choose the 
best alternative.
d) The Queen of England lives in London.
7
ENGLISH - EEAR
03 – Fill in the blanks with the correct articles:
b.The / An / A
04 – Fill in the blanks with the suitable options, respectively: 
d) the – the
05 – In “...the world’s most recognizable works...”, the
underlined word is closest in meaning to 
a) easily identified. 
MORE EXERCISES ON THE TOPIC:
06 | JFS 1999
c) the – * – *
07 | JFS 1999
e) a – the – * – *
08 | UNESP 1991
e) an – the – *
09 | ITA 1994
c) a – a – the
10 | JFS 2000
b) The – * – the/ a – a – a
11 | UNITAU 1995
c) the; a; an; which
12 | FUVEST 1977 – ADAPTED
d) the / * / an / the / *
13 | FUVEST 1978 – ADAPTED
b) * / a / the
14 | PUCPR 1996
Fill in the blanks of the following sentence with the definite
article:
c) *; the; *; the; the; *
15 | PUCCAMP 1992
b) a car – the car
16 | UFPB 1998
Read this sentence:
d) A / a / no article / no article
17 | PUCPR 2001
d) Economically, __________ London is considered one of
the most important cities in Europe.
18 | EFOMM 2007
e) The / * / the / *
19 | PUCPR 2000
e) We have to use THE only in the second space of phrase
number IV.
20 | UNITAU 1995
d) a one-man show; an university; a private investigator.
21 | JFS 2000
b) The – * – the/ a – a – a
22 | ITA 1990
b) * – the
23 | JFS 2009
c) an – the – a – the – the – the – no article – the – a – no
article – the
24| UNESP 1994
d) writer's
25 | UNESP 1999
b) Whose – Peter's
26 | JFS 2000
a) Alan’s and Victor’s
8
ENGLISH - EEAR
9
ENGLISH - EEAR
CAPÍTULO 02
PRONOMES / ADJETIVO POSSESSIVO
De acordo com o Google3,“palavra que representa um
nome, um termo usualmente com a função de um nome,
um adjetivo ou toda uma oração que a segue ou antecede”.
Diante desta primeira definição, podemos dizer que em
português temos dos tipos de pronomes: o pronome
substantivo e o pronome adjetivo.
Pronome substantivo é aquele que substitui um nome.
Como, por exemplo, o pronome ela na situação abaixo:
Maria não veio à aula porque ela está doente.
Pronome adjetivo é que aquele a acompanhar um
nome. Como, por exemplo, o pronome minha na seguinte
frase:
Preciso ir ao médico porque minha saúde não tem andado
legal neste calor.
Agora, em inglês, de acordo com o mesmo Google4, “A
pronoun is a word that you use to refer to someone or
something when you do not need to use a noun, often
because the person or thing has been mentioned earlier.
Examples are 'it', 'she', 'something', and 'myself'”.
Em tradução livre: “Um pronome é uma palavra que
voc usa para se referir a alguém ou a alguma coisaẽ
quando você não precisa usar um substantivo,
frequentemente porque a pessoa ou coisa foi modificada
anteriormente. Exemplos são ‘it’, ‘she’, ‘something’ e
‘myself’.
Diante desta definição, com certeza, você já pegou a
visão e percebeu que há diferença entre nosso idioma e o
inglês. Qual é essa diferença? Em inglês, nenhum pronome
terá a função de adjetivo. Ele só pode ser substantivo, ou
seja, o PRONOME NUNCA ACOMPANHARÁ UM
SUBSTANTIVO! TODO PRONOME SEMPRE
SUBSTITUIRÁ O SUBSTANTIVO!
Vamos, pois, à teoria!
3 https://www.google.com/search?
source=hp&ei=6x1HXO2fCuuv5OUPsNWL-
As&q=defini
%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+pronome&btnK=Pesquisa+G
oogle&oq=defini
%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+pronome&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0l10.2226.8866..9933...7.0..0.133.2458.17j8......0.
...1..gws-wiz.....6..35i39j0i131j0i10.4IrOHgPVbBE
4 https://www.google.com/search?
ei=9h1HXMn4Lde55OUPzpaByAI&q=definition+of+
pronoun&oq=definition+of+pronoun&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0i203l7j0i10i203j0i203l2.316540.320580..32105
9...0.0..0.119.2237.4j17......0....1..gws-
wiz.......0i71j35i39j0i67j0i131j0.BgTjXMB940E
PRONOUNS
Personal Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectives and
Pronouns
Reflexive
Pronounssubje
ct
form
object form
possess
ive
adjecti
ve
possessive
pronoun
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselve
s
SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
I – 1ª pessoa do singular: Eu. De acordo com a norma culta,
sempre deve ser escrito em letra maiúscula.
You – 2ª pessoa do singular: Tu ou Você
He – 3ª pessoa do singular: Ele – só pode ser usado para
quando for possível determinar o sexo masculino.
She – 3ª pessoa do singular: Ela – só pode ser usado para
quando for possível determinar o sexo feminino.
It – 3ª pessoa do singular: É usado para quando não
podemos determinar o sexo do elemento ao qual nos
referimos.
We – 1ª pessoa do plural: Nós 
You – 2ª pessoa do plural: Vós ou Vocês
They – 3ª pessoa do pluar: Eles ou Elas – Equivale ao
plural de “He”, “She” ou “It”.
Some Examples:
He is a teacher and so am I.
John, are you listening to me? (You = singular)
Are you guys paying attention? (You = plural)
“We are the champions...”
They are friends!
She's carrying a baby. It's three months old.
Somebody knocks on the door. You ask: “Who is it?”
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ENGLISH - EEAR
I've got a dog. He's six years old.
Sujeito Impessoal:
Em inglês, NÃO HÁ oração sem sujeito. O sujeito, portanto,
é obrigatório.
Veja:
Em português, dizemos: “Está chovendo!” Como bem o
sabemos, todo fenômeno da natureza constitui uma oração
sem sujeito em nosso idioma. Contudo tal situação não é
possível em inglês. Em inglês dizemos:
It is raining! 
Vejam o “It” é, pois, o sujeito da oração. Ele não terá
tradução para o português!
OBJECT PRONOUNS:
ME
YOU
HIM
HER
IT
US
YOU
THEM
Os “Object Pronouns” equivalem aos nossos pronomes
pessoais do caso oblíquo. Eles, geralmente, aparecem após
os verbos e após as preposições.
Take a look!!
Are you talking to ME? (to = preposition)
Do you love HER? (love = verb)
P.s.: É importante observar que alguns pronomes têm a
mesma grafia para o sujeito e o objeto. São eles:
YOU YOU
IT IT
YOU YOU 
Para sabermos sua morfologia, devemos atentar à posição.
Observe:
I love you. (O sujeito é “I”; logo “you” é o objeto)
Do you love me? (“You”, agora, está mandando no verbo é,
portanto, sujeito)
P.p.s.: A língua inglesa costuma apresentar a seguinte
estrutura:
SVO ( Sujeito + Verbo + Objeto).
Diante disso, a contrário do português, não é costume
terminar a frase só com o verbo. O objeto se faz necessário.
Compare os dois idiomas:
A: Você gosta de chocolate?
B: Sim, eu gosto. 
Se fizéssemos algo parecido em inglês, os falantes
estranhariam. Observe a estrutura do inglês.
A: Do you like chocolate?
B: Yes, I like chocolate. / Yes, I like it.
NÃO SE ESQUEÇA DE USAR O OBJETO APÓS O
VERBO!!!
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
* Posição: sempre antecedem um substantivo. Logo, o Bizu
será:
POSSE + SUBSTANTIVO.
Bizu: Os “Possessive Adjective” SEMPRE virão
acompanhados de um substantivo, pois, equivalem aos
nossos “Pronomes Adjetivos”.
Ex: I have a dog. My dog is beautiful and big.
Bizu 2: “Your” refere-se à pessoa com quem se fala.
Bizu 3: “His”, “Her” ou “Its” referem-se à pessoa de quem se
fala.
Ex: 
 Have you brought your racket, Monica?
 Monica and her brother have been here for fifteen
minutes.
IDIOMS: 
ON + Possessive Adjective + OWN = ALONE
I live on my own. = I live alone.
She studies on her own. = She studies alone.
ATTENTION!!
1. se o possuidor for INDEFINIDO, o seu respectivo
possessivo será “his or her” ou “their”.
Example:
Everybody
Someone
Nobody wants his or her own happiness.
(etc)
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ENGLISH - EEAR
2. se o possuidor for o pronome “ONE”, o
correspondente será “ONE’S”.
Example:
One must respect one’s own religion.
(possuidor)
"Cada um deve respeitar SUA própria religião"
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS:
SUBSTITUEM um substantivo já citado.
>> Exemplo:
His family is poor but hers is rich.
(a dela)
 "a dela" o quê ??!! família. A palavra já foi citada antes.
SEMPRE VAI SER ASSIM. SEMPRE haverá uma palavra
que já foi repetida antes e o pronome fará a vez dessa
palavra para evitar o pleonasmo.
O Bizu sempre será:
POSSE + SUBSTANTIVO ,
>> Exemplo:
Helen went to her house and I went to mine. (my house)
>> Observar no exemplo acima que, depois do "mine", não
vem substantivo. Logo, não pode ser MY, tem que ser
MINE. Ou seja, não pode ser um adjetivo possessivo,
tem que ser um PRONOME POSSESSIVO.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS:
Usages:
01 – Sujeito sofre e pratica a ação (equivale à voz
reflexiva do português):
She cut herself yesterday.
I’m dancing with myself.
02 – Pronome enfático:
I made the pie myself.
The Mayor himself talked to the students.
03 – IDIOM: 
BY + REFLEXIVE PRONOUN = ALONE
All by myself = All on my own = All alone.
I live by myself. = I live on my own. = I live alone.
RECIPROCAL PRONOUNS:
Os pronomes reflexivos, como vimos, são usados quando o
sujeito sofre e pratica a ação ao mesmo tempo. Veja, então,
a frase abaixo:
They love themselves. Ao pé da letra, poderíamos traduzir
como “Eles se amam”. No entanto, a ideia que se passa é a
seguinte:
Imaginemos que esse “They” equivalha a “John” e “Mary”,
portanto, a ideia é a seguinte:
John loves himself e Mary loves herself.
Para darmos, pois, a ideia de que há uma recíproca entre
eles como faríamos? É simples! Veja abaixo:
They love each other. (John loves Mary and Mary loves
John).
Caso tivéssemos a partir de três pessoas, trocaríamos o
each other por one another. Contextualizando: Em uma
família de quatro pessoas, por exemplo, na qual todos se
amem, poderíamos dizer o seguinte:
They love one another.
EXERCISES:
EXERCISES:
01 – Complete the sentences using I, me, You, you,He,
him, She, her, It, it, We, us, You, you, They or them.
a.I love you. Do you love ________ ?
b.She wants to see him, but ___ doesn’t want to see ____.
c.He wants to see us, but ____ don’t want to see
_________.
d.I want to see her, but ____ doesn’t want to see ________.
e.She wants to see them, but ____ don’t want to see
_________.
02 – Complete the sentences using me, you, him, her, it, us,
you or them:
a.Who is that woman? Why are you looking at _______?
b. ‘Do you know that man?’ ‘Yes, I work with _______.’
c.I don’t like dogs. Actually, I’m afraid of _______.
d.I’m talking to you. Please, listen to _____.
e.I have a new job but I don’t like ______.
03 – Complete the sentences using my, your, his, her, its,
our, your, their. Follow the model:
Model: I’m going to wash my hands.
a.She is going to ___________________.
b.We are going to___________________.
c.He is going to _____________________.
d.They’re going to __________________.
e.You’re going to ___________________.
04 – Write my, your, his, her, its, our, your or their:
a.Do you like __________ job?
b.I know Mr. Watson but I don’t know ______ wife.
c.Alice and Tom live in London. _____ son lives in Toronto.
d.We’re going to have a party. We are going to invite all
_______ friends.
e.Anna is going out with ________ friends.
f.Do you think most people are happy in ________ jobs?
g.This is quite a beautiful tree. _____ leaves are a beautiful
colour.
h.I’m going to wash ______ hair before going out.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
05 – Complete the sentences with mine, yours, his, hers, its,
ours, yours or theirs.
a.It’s your money. It’s ________________.
b.It’s my bag. It’s ___________.
c.It’s our car. It’s ____________.
d.They’re her shoes. They’re _______.
e.It’s their house. It’s ___________.
f.They’re your books. They’re _______.
g.They’re my glasses. They’re ________.
h.It’s his coat. It’s _____________.
i.It’s its house. It’s ________________.
06 - Decide whether you have to use the reflexive pronoun,
the reciprocal pronoun (each other) or nothing.
1. John hurt __________________ when climbing the
tree. 
2. Peter and Sue helped _____________________
with the homework. 
3. I feel _______________________ much better
today. 
4. Did she make _____________________________
a cup of tea? 
5. The wild monkey looked at _______________ in
the mirror. 
6. Brigit and Billy smiled at
___________________________________. 
7. We're meeting
________________________________ at the
station. 
8. During the meeting, Jane and Mary were talking to
______________________. 
9. I don't remember _________________ where we
spent our holiday last year. 
10. We need to concentrate
__________________________________.
QUESTÕES DE PROVAS
Read the text and answer questions 01 and 02 
A celebrity crusade 
The actress Kim Basinger has launched a crusade to help
American’s circus animals. 
She complains that they are often badly treated and poorly
looked after. “These animals are kept in horrific conditions.
They’re dragged around cities suffering in the name of
entertainment.” Basinger was mobilised into action following
a circus tragedy in Albuquerque. An African elephant named
Heather was found dead inside a steamy, poorly ventilated
trailer. She belonged to the King World Circus. As a
consequence, two circus handlers were charged with cruelty
to animals and the travelling circus was forced to hand over
its two surviving elephants to a local zoo park. 
(Taken from Speak Up #131) 
 
GLOSSARY 
Dragged around – arrastados.
01 - In “…its two surviving elephants…”, the underlined
word expresses the idea of possession related to 
a)circus 
b)handlers. 
c)zoo park. 
d)elephants. 
02 - The personal pronoun “She”, underlined twice in the
text, refers respectively to: 
a)a handler / Heather 
b)Heather / an actress 
c)a celebrity / an actress 
d)Kim Basinger / Heather. 
Read the text and answer question 03. 
Dear Maggie, 
My son just announced that he is going away to school.
Bobby is a good student, and I am very proud of him. 
Any college would be lucky to have him! 
My only concern it that he’s never lived away from home
before. Will he be able to take care of _____? 
What if there’s an emergency? 
Give me some advice so that I can relax! 
Doubtful Dad 
03 - Choose the right alternative to have the blank filled in
the letter: 
a)itself 
b)herself 
c)himself 
d)yourself 
Read the text and answer question 04
In China the government rigidly enforces a draconian
formula: one couple, one child. After the birth of an imperfect
baby – be it clubfooted, mentally handicapped or a girl
instead of the longed-for healthy male heir – some Chinese
families have chosen to forsake the infant in order to try
again. Declared stillborn as a legal ruse, many of these
unwanted infants are then left in alleyways, railroad stations
and bus terminals. If found alive, they become wards of the
country’s state-run orphanages. A Hong Kong source
estimates that one million babies are abandoned each year.
(Taken from Coleção Objetivo – Livro 35) 
 GLOSSARY 
Draconian – muito severa e cruel
Clubfooted – pé torto
Stillborn – feto expulso morto do útero materno
Legal ruse – artifício jurídico
Wards – sob tutela; guarda. 
04 – “it”, in bold type in the text, refers to
a)the baby
13
ENGLISH - EEAR
b)the child
c)the couple
d)the formula.
Read the extract and answer question 05. 
 
Every week, millions of dollars are spent, and won, on the
lottery tickets. The jackpot in many can be as much as 100
million, and winners suddenly find _____________ with
more money than ever before. 
(Active-Skills for Reading) 
05 - Fill in the blank, in the extract, with the appropriate
reflexive pronoun: 
a.themselves 
b.ourselves 
c.yourself 
d.himself 
Read the text and answer questions 06.
A trip to Los Angeles
James Hall has a new job with Lemon Computers is
Philadelphia. He’s 22 and just out of college. As part of his
training, he has to spend six weeks at company
headquarters near Los Angeles. It’s his first business trip,
and he’s packing his suitcase. He lives with his parents,
and his mother is helping him.
(New American Streamline)
06 - “his”, in bold type, in the text is a(n):
a.demonstrative adjective.
b.possessive adjective.
c.subject pronoun.
d.object pronoun.
Read the text and answer question 07.
Today, parents are increasingly worried about the safety of
their children, and because of this, they are not letting their
children out to play. As a result, children are no longer
playing outside but shutting ___________ away in their
rooms and losing ________ in individualistic activities such
as television viewing and computer games.
(Adapted from Inglês Doorway)
GLOSSARY:
Increasingly – cada vez mais
To shut away – confiner, prender
07 - The correct reflexive pronouns to fill in the blanks are,
respectively:
a)itself / itself
b)himself / himself
c)ourselves / ourselves
d)themselves / themselves
Read the proverb and answer questions 08.
“When we have love in __ heart, we can see beauty in
everything.”
08 – Fill in the blank with the correct pronoun:
a)our
b)ours
c)their
d)theirs
Read the text and answer questions 09 and 10. 
I am an American man living in France, but I spend a lot of
time in the USA visiting family and friends. These are the
questions Americans ask me most often: “Are the French
rude? Is it true that they hate Americans?” The answer is a
simple ‘No’. In my opinion, the French are among the
__________ and __________ people in Europe. Maybe it’s
because I speak French with a funny American accent and
they see that I have made the effort to learn the language.
When people ask me if I prefer living in France or the USA, I
simply tell the truth. I don’t prefer. I consider myself very
lucky to be able to experience both cultures. I really love the
differences. 
(Adapted from www.about.com)09 - – “They”, underlined in the text, (line 8), refers to 
a) Americans. 
b) funny accents. 
c) French people. 
d) language learners. 
10 - The correct plural form of “I consider myself” is: 
a) You consider yourself. 
b) We consider ourselves. 
c) You consider yourselves. 
d) They consider themselves. 
11 - Choose the best alternative to answer the question
below.
Whose homework is that?
a)It’s hers.
b)They’re mine.
c)It’s over there.
d)They’re difficult.
12 - Choose the best alternative to answer the question
below.
What do you do?
a)We are pilots.
b)I’m fine, thanks.
c)I live in New York.
d)We are 20 years old.
Read the extract and answer questions 13 and 14.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
“Miss Emlyn read us some of it. I asked Mummy to read
some more. I liked it. It has a wonderful sound. A brave new
world. There isn’t anything really like that, is there?” 
“You don’t believe in it?” 
“Do you?” 
“There is always a brave new world”, said Poirot, “but only,
you know, for very special people. The lucky ones. The ones
who carry the making of that world within ________.” 
(Adapted from Agatha Christie, Hallowe’en Party)
 
13 - Fill in the blank, in the text, with the appropriate
reflexive pronoun. 
a) yourselves 
b) yourself 
c) ourselves 
d) themselves
 14 - According to Poirot 
a) a brave new world is a public concept. 
b) brave new worlds exist without everyone. 
c) a brave new world exists only for lucky people. 
d) It is extremely easy to carry a world within oneself.
Read the text and answer questions 15 and 16. (EEAR /
CFS / BCT 1/2016)
 
The flight 
Flight 9525, an Airbus A320, took off at 10:01 a.m. on March
24 from Barcelona, bound for Dusseldorf. The plane had
144 passengers and six crew members on board. 
According to French aviation accident investigators, the
plane began descending from its cruising altitude of 38,000
feet at 10:31 a.m. It lost contact with French radar at an
altitude of 6,175 feet at 10:40 a.m., the investigators said. 
Transponder data shows that the autopilot was
reprogrammed by someone inside the cockpit to change the
plane's altitude from 38,000 feet to 100 feet, according to
Flightradar24, a website that tracks aviation data. 
The aircraft crashed in a remote area near Digneles-Bains
in the Alpes de Haute-Provence region.
Adapted from http://edition.cnn.com
15 – Cockpit, underlined in the text, means the 
a) kitchen on a plane. 
b) back part of a plane. 
c) area in a plane where the pilot sits. 
d) part of a plane where goods are stored.
 
16 – The pronoun “It”, underlined in the text, refers to 
a) accident. 
b) altitude. 
c) plane. 
d) feet.
Read the extract and answer question 17. 
 Every week, millions of dollars are spent, and won, on the
lottery tickets. The jackpot in many can be as much as 100
million, and winners suddenly find _____________ with
more money than ever before. 
(Active-Skills for Reading) 
 
17 - Fill in the blank, in the extract, with the appropriate
reflexive pronoun: 
a.themselves 
b.ourselves 
c.yourself 
d.himself 
ANSWER-KEY:
01 - 
a.me
b.he / her
c.we / him
d.she / me
e.they / her.
02 - 
a.her
b.him
c.them
d.me
e.it
03 –
a.her hands
b.our hands
c.his hands
d.their hands
e.your hands
04 –
a.your
b.his
c.their
d.our
e.her
f.their
g.its
h.my
05 –
a.yours
b.mine
c.ours
d.hers
e.theirs
f.yours
g.mine
h.his
i.its
06 –
01.himself
02.each other
03.Ø
04.herself
05.itself
06.each other
07.each other
08.each other
09.Ø
15
http://edition.cnn.com/
ENGLISH - EEAR
10.ourselves
QUESTÕES DE PROVAS:
01 – a 02 – d 03 – c 04 – a 05 – a 06 – b 07 - d
08 – a 09 – c 10 – b 11 – a 12 – a 13 – d 14 – c 
15 c 16 – c 17 – a
SONG SUGGESTION:
SHE – ELVIS COSTELLO
She may be the face I can't forget 
The trace of pleasure or regret 
May be my treasure or the price I have to pay 
She may be the song that summer sings 
Maybe the chill that autumn brings 
Maybe a hundred different things 
Within the measure of a day
She may be the beauty or the beast 
May be the famine or the feast 
May turn each day into a Heaven or a Hell 
She may be the mirror of my dreams 
A smile reflected in a stream 
She may not be what she may seem 
Inside her shell
She, who always seems so happy in a crowd 
Whose eyes can be so private and so proud 
No one's allowed to see them when they cry 
She may be the love that cannot hope to last 
May come to me from shadows in the past 
That I remember 'till the day I die
She may be the reason I survive 
The why and wherefore I'm alive 
The one I'll care for through the rough in many years
Me, I'll take her laughter her tears 
And make them all my souvenirs 
And where she goes I've got to be 
The meaning of my life is 
She, she 
Oh, she
16
ENGLISH - EEAR
CAPÍTULO 03
NOUNS
De acordo com a gramática, substantivos são os que
dão nome aos seres. Em português, temos várias
classificações para eles. Em inglês, a definição não varia. A
única diferença será nossa preocupação com a
classificação. 
O inglês tem uma preocupação muito grande quanto à
contagem deles, por isso, é muito comum observarmos as
gramáticas focarem em Uncountable Nouns e Countable
Nouns.
Uncountable Nouns: Substantivos incontáveis. São
assim classificados por se referirem à massa. Também, em
inglês, referem-se à maioria dos substantivos abstratos.
Diante disso, podemos dar uma dica: “se usar o sistema de
medidas, será incontável!” Por exemplo, carne. Você
compra carne medindo a quantidade. 
p.s.: o que acontece com substantivos que podem ser
medidos também? Por exemplo, eu posso comprar um kilo
de banana. Pois bem, nesses casos nos quais há duas
possibilidades, o substantivo será contável. É possível
dizer: uma banana, dez bananas.
Segue, então, uma lista de substantivos incontáveis para
que você possa ir memorizando e se preparando para o
concurso.
Advice - conselho(s)
air – ar(es)
bread - pão
clothing - roupa(s)
coffee - café(s)
equipment - equipamento(s)
evidence - evidência(s), prova(s)
furniture - mobília(s)
homework - tema(s) de casa
housework - trabalho(s) domésticos
information - informação(ões)
jewerly - joias
knowledge - conhecimento(s)
luggage/baggage - bagagem(ns)
milk - leite(s)
money - dinheiro
music - música(s)
news - notícia(s)
progress - progresso(s)
snow – neve
toast - torrada
water - água
weather - tempo meteorológico
work – trabalho(s)
Attention!!!
Um mesmo substantivo às vezes pode ser contável e 
incontável, mas com significados diferentes:
a paper - um jornal some paper - papel
an iron - um ferro 
elétrico
some iron - ferro
a glass - um copo some glass - vidro
a rubber - uma 
borracha
some rubber - borracha 
(material)
one hair - um pêlo some hair - cabelo
Countable Nouns: São os substantivos contáveis que têm
forma. Além disso, podem ser escritos no plural.
Exemplos:
Banana – Bananas
Em relação ao plural, o inglês apresenta situações
parecidas com o português e outras não tão parecidas. E
algumas, quiçá, totalmente diferentes. Vamos às regras do
plural:
1. Substantivos que terminam em ch, s, ss, sh, x, z e a 
maioria dos substantivos que terminam 
em o:acrescenta-se es no final. Exemplos:
one dress - a rack of dresses (uma estante de roupas)
one buzz - many buzzes of many bees (muitos zunidos de 
muitas abelhas)
1.1. -ch:
church - churches (igrejas)
match - matches (fósforos)
watch - watches (relógios)
Exceções: Substantivos que terminam em ch com som 
de /K/: acrescenta-se apenas s
conch - conchs (conchas) 
monarch - monarchs (monarcas)
patriarch - patriarchs (patriarcas)
stomach - stomachs (estômagos)
Bizu: os substantativos terminados em –ch que fazem
som de /k/ são os de origem latina, ou seja, são
parecidos com o português.
1.2. -s: 
bus - buses (ônibus)
1.3. -ss:
class - classes (aulas)
glass - glasses (copos)
kiss - kisses (beijos)
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ENGLISH - EEAR
1.4. -sh:
brush -brushes (escovas)
crash - crashes (colisões)
flash - flashes (lampejos)
wish -wishes (desejos)
1.5. -x:
box - boxes (caixas)
fox - foxes (raposas)
1.6. -z:
topaz - topazes (topázios)
Exceção: A maioria dos substantivos 
terminados em somente um z , no entanto, tem plural em -
zzes. Exemplo: quiz - quizzes
1.7. -o: 
echo - echoes (ecos)
superhero - superheroes (super-heróis)
potato - potatoes (batatas)
tomato - tomatoes (tomates)
Exceções: Nas formas reduzidas e nos vocábulos de 
origem estrangeira terminados em o, porém, acresecenta-
se apenas s:
avocado - avocados (abacates)
cello - cellos (violoncelos) 
commando - commandos (comandos)
dynamo - dynamos (dínamos)
Eskimo - Eskimos (Esquimós)
ghetto - ghettos (guetos) 
kilo - kilos (quilos)
libretto - librettos (libretos) 
logo - logos (logotipos)
magneto - magnetos (magnetos)
photo - photos (fotos)
piano - pianos
portfolio - portfolios 
radio - radios (rádios)
solo - solos (solos)
soprano - sopranos (sopranos)
studio - studios (estúdios)
tango - tangos (tangos)
video - videos (vídeos)
virtuoso - virtuosos (virtuosos)
- As palavras a seguir podem ter o plural em -s ou -es; -es é
mais comum:
buffalo – buffalo(e)s
tornado – tornado(e)s
mosquito – mosquito(e)s
volcano - volcano(e)s
2. Substantivos que terminam em vogal + y: acrescenta-
se somente -s no final. Exemplos:
boy – boys (meninos)
day - days (dias)
donkey - donkeys (burros)
essay - essays (ensaios)
guy – guys (caras, sujeitos, rapazes)
key – keys (chaves)
monkey - monkeys (macacos)
play - plays (peças)
toy - toys (brinquedos)
Exceção: o plural da palavra soliloquy (monólogo) não
segue essa regra, ficando soliloquies.
3. Substantivos que terminam em consoante + y: retira-
se o y e acrescenta-se -ies. Observe:
baby – babies
fly – flies
4. Substantivos que terminam em -oo: acrescenta-se
somente -s no final. Exemplos:
cuckoo - cuckoos (cucos)
bamboo - bamboos (bambus)
zoo - zoos (jardins zoológicos)
5. Plural irregular com troca de vogais: alguns
substantivos não seguem a regra geral e têm uma
forma própria de plural, que chamamos de plural
irregular. As formas irregulares do plural apresentam
diversas formações. A mais comum delas é a troca de
vogais. Veja os exemplos:
man - men (homens)
woman - women (mulheres)
gentleman - gentlemen (cavalheiros)
child - children (crianças)*
ox - oxen (bois)
person - people (pessoas)
tooth - teeth (dentes)
foot - feet (pés)
goose - geese (gansos)
mouse - mice (camundongos)
louse - lice (piolhos)
die - dice (dados)
18
ENGLISH - EEAR
6. Plural Irregular terminado em -ves: em treze dos
substantivos que terminam em -f ou -fe trocam-se
essas letras por -ves:
calf - calves (bezerros)
elf - elves (elfos, duendes)
half - halves (metades)
leaf - leaves (folhas)
life - lives (vidas)
knife - knives (facas)
loaf - loaves (pães de forma)
self - selves (egos)
sheaf - sheaves (feixes)
shelf - shelves (prateleiras)
thief - thieves (ladrões)
wife - wives (esposas)
wolf - wolves (lobos)
- Alguns substantivos terminados em -f ou -fe podem
seguir a regra geral (acréscimo de -s ao final da forma
singular) ou trocar o -f/-fe por -ves:
scarf - scarfs/scarves (cachecóis)
dwarf - dwarfs/dwarves (anões)
hoof - hoofs/hooves (cascos)
wharf - wharfs/wharves (cais)
staff - staffs/staves (equipes, quadros de
funcionários, departamentos)
Observação: as formas scarves, hooves e wharves são
mais utilizadas.
- Os demais substantivos terminados em -f ou -
fe seguem a regra geral de acréscimo do -s:
belief - beliefs (crenças)
brief - briefs (sumários, resumos)
cliff - cliffs (penhascos)
chief - chiefs (chefes)
cuff - cuffs (punhos de camisa)
grief - griefs (dores, sofrimentos)
handkerchief - handkerchiefs (lenços)
roof - roofs (telhados)
gulf - gulfs (golfos)
safe - safes (cofres)
proof - proofs (provas)
cuff - cuffs (punhos de manga, bainhas)
reef - reefs (recifes)
7. Substantivos que têm a mesma forma tanto no
singular quanto no plural:
7.1. aircraft - aeronave(s)
deer - veado(s)
elk - alce(s)
grouse - galinha(s) silvestre(s)
salmon - salmão(ões) 
sheep - carneiro(s)
shrimp - camarão(ões)
trout - truta(s)
*Fish e Fruit têm dois plurais:
Fish e Fruit: quando forem da mesma espécie.
Ex: I bought two apples, so I bought two fruit.
Fishes e Fruits: quando forem de espécies diferentes.
Ex: I bought cod and salmon for Christmas, thus I
bought fishes.
 
7.2. Alguns substantivos terminados em -s também têm
a mesma forma tanto para o singular quanto para o
plural. Nesses casos, o verbo correspondente também
vai para o plural.
These stairs are too steep. (Essas escadas são muito
íngremes.)
Good clothes usually are expensive. (Roupas boas
geralmente são caras.)
alms - esmola(s), donativo(s), caridade(s)
barracks - quartel(éis)
clothes - roupa(s)
credentials - credencial(is)
crossroads* - cruzamento(s) (de ruas, de estradas) ,
encruzilhada(s), ponto(s) crucial(is)
headquarters* - quartel(éis)-general(is), centro(s) de
operações 
works - fábrica(s)
19
ENGLISH - EEAR
means - meios(s)
oats - aveia(s)
outskirts - margem(ns) da cidade, cercanias
riches - bens, riquezas(s)
Swiss - suiço(s)
series - série(s) 
species - espécie(s)
stairs - escada(s)
surroundings - arredor(es)
thanks - agradecimento(s)
* Crossroads e headquarters também podem ter a
forma no singular sem o "s": crossroad e headquarter.
 p.s.: Para a FAB estes substantivos sempre serão
plural.
7.3. As Parelhas: as "parelhas" (também
chamadas pluralia tantrum) são substantivos que
designam coisas quem têm duas partes iguais, "um par
de" (exemplos: óculos). Essas palavras só existem no
plural, não possuem forma singular. Seus equivalentes
em Português apresentam-se no singular:
These jeans were expensive. - E não "This jeans was..."
(Este jeans foi caro.) - Note que a palavra jeans em
português fica no singular.
I'm looking for some violet jeans. - E não "...a violet
jeans"
(Eu procuro um jeans violeta.)
Where are my glasses? - E não "Where is my glasses?"
(Onde estão meus óculos?) - Neste caso em português
"óculos" também tem sua forma no plural.
- Para expressar o singular dessas palavras, pode-se
usar "a pair of":
Have you got a pair of nail-scissors? (Vocês tem uma
tesoura de unha?)
binoculars - binóculo(s)
belongings - pertences
drawers - ceroulas
glasses / eyeglasses / spectacles - óculos
headphones - fone(s) de ouvido
jeans - jeans
knickers - calcinha(s)
outskirts - margem(s) da cidade
scales - balança(s)
scissors - tesoura(s)
shorts - shorts
slacks / pants(Am.E.) / trousers(Br. E.) - calça(s)
pliers - alicate(s)
pyjamas / pajamas - pijama(s)
tights - meia(s)-calça(s)
underpants - cuecas
 
7.4. Substantivos Incontáveis: só existem na forma
singular. (IPC)
There isn't any work. - E não "There aren't any works".
(Não há trabalho algum.)
The news is good: I've just graduated! - E não "The
news are good."
(As notícias são boas: eu me formei recentemente!)
advice - conselho(s)
air - ar(es)
clothing - roupa(s)
coffee - café(s)
equipment - equipamento(s)
evidence - evidência(s), prova(s)
furniture - mobília(s)
homework - tema(s) de casa
housework - trabalho(s) domésticos
information - informação(ões)
jewerly - joias
knowledge - conhecimento(s)
luggage/baggage - bagagem(ns)
milk - leite(s)
money - dinheiro
music - música(s)
news - notícia(s)
progress - progresso(s)
20
ENGLISH - EEAR
snow - neve
water - água
weather - tempo meteorológico
work - trabalho(s)
 
7.5. "Falsos Plurais": A maioria dos nomes de ciências
e outros substantivos terminados em -ics são
singulares, isto é, não apresentam formas distintas
quando no plural. O verbo correspondente fica no
singular:
Politics is a complicated business which most people
detest.
(Política é um negócio complicado o qual a maioria das
pessoas detesta.)
Acoustics (Acústica)
Athletics (Atletismo)
Electronics (Eletrônica)
Genetics (Genética)
Linguistics (Linguística)Mathematics (Matemática)
Physics (Física)
Politics (Política)
Statistics (Estatística)
- No entanto, quando essas palavras são usadas com
outros sentidos, o verbo poderá ir para o plural:
What are your politics? (Quais são suas políticas?)
The unemployment statistics are disturbing. (As
estatísticas de desemprego são perturbadoras.)
8. Substantivos sem forma no singular: esses
substantivos só existem no plural. Referem-se a um
grupo de pessoas, um coletivo; logo, o verbo com o
qual concordam também vai ficar sempre no plural.
cattle - gado(s)
police - polícia(s)
people* - pessoa(s), gente
* Atenção para a palavra people, que pode significar
tanto povo, no sentido demográfico, como também
pode significar gente, pessoas:
O plural de people no sentido de povo é formado pelo
acréscimo de -s:
 The Brazilian people enjoys carnival. (O povo
brasileiro curte carnaval.)
- Como a palavra people aqui está no singular, o verbo
correspondente no presente vai concordar como ela,
sendo acrescentado de -s.
 Some African peoples have strange customs and
beliefs for us. (Alguns povos africanos têm costumes e
crenças estranhos para nós.) 
- Porém, aqui, o verbo está fazendo a concordância
com o plural peoples.
 - Já people no sentido de pessoas, gente é
considerado um substantivo no plural (embora nunca
com -s). Portanto, o verbo vai ficar sempre no plural:
Who are those people waiting outside? (Quem são
aquelas pessoas esperando lá fora?)
Certain people think they are so important! (Certas
pessoas se acham tão importantes!)
9. Substantivos de origem grega ou latina: (muito
presentes principalmente na linguagem científica no
Inglês) mantêm seus plurais originais:
G = palavras gregas
L = palavras latinas
alga - algae (L) (algas)
alumnus - alumni (L) (ex-alunos, alunos graduados)
analysis - analyses (L) (análises)
appendix - appendices (L) (apêndices)
axis - axes (L) (eixos)
bacillus - bacilli (L) (bacilos)
bacterium - bacteria (L) (bactérias)
basis - bases (G) (bases) 
cactus - cacti (L) ou cactuses (menos comum) (cactos)
corpus - corpora (L) (corpora)
crisis - crises (G) (crises) 
criterion - criteria (G) (critérios) 
datum - data (L) (dados)
diagnosis - diagnoses (G) (diagnósticos)
encyclopedia - encyclopedae (L) (enciclopédias)
erratum - errata (L) (erratas)
formula - formulae (L) ou formulas (fórmulas)
21
ENGLISH - EEAR
fungus - fungi (L) ou funguses (fungos)
hippopotamus - hippopotami (G) ou hippopotamuses 
(hipopótamos)
hypothesis - hipotheses (G) (hipóteses)
index - indices (L) ou indexes (índices)
matrix - matrices (L) (matrizes)
medium - media* (L) (meios de comunicação)
nucleus - nuclei (L) (núcleos)
oasis - oases (G) (oásis)
phenomenon - phenomena (G) (fenômenos) 
radius - (L) radii (raios)
stimulus - stimuli (L) (estímulos)
stratum - strata (L) (estratos)
vertebra - vertebrae (L) (vértebras)
Note, então, que podemos tirar uma regrinha geral
dessas pluralizações:
palavras terminadas em us -> troca para i ou ora
palavras terminadas em is -> troca para es
palavras terminadas em ix -> troca para ces
palavras terminadas em um -> troca para a
palavras terminadas em on -> troca para a
palavras terminadas em a-> troca para ae
palavras terminadas em ex -> troca para ices
10. Plural dos Substantivos compostos:
10.1. Em substantivos compostos
com preposição ou advérbio pluralizamos o seu
componente principal (geralmente a primeira palavra):
brother-in-law - brothers-in-law (cunhados)
errand-boy - errand-boys (mensageiros)
godfather - godfathers (padrinhos)
maidservant - maidservants (criadas)
mother-in-law - mothers-in-law (sogras)
passer-by - passers-by (transeuntes)
runner-up - runners-up (vice-campeões)
stepdaughter - stepdaughters (enteadas)
EXERCISES:
001 | FUVEST 1979
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as
lacunas:
Boys have big __________ and girls have small
__________.
a) foots – ones
b) feet – ones
c) feet – one
d) feets – ones
e) foot – one
002 | CESGRANRIO 1990
KNIVES is the plural of KNIFE. Which of the words below
does not form its plural in the same way?
a) Wife.
b) Life.
c) Leaf.
d) Chief.
e) Half.
003 | CESGRANRIO 1991
The word that DOESN'T have an irregular plural form like
tooth – teeth is:
a) ox.
b) foot.
c) cloth.
d) goose.
e) mouse.
004 | FATEC 1998
Observe a frase: "Did hundreds of Japanese KIDS suffer a
TV-induced epileptic attack last week". Indique a
alternativa em que todas as palavras têm a mesma forma
de plural de KIDS:
a) attack – mouse
b) episode – Japanese
c) cartoon – trigger
d) show – child
e) explosion – Japanese
005 | PUCRIO 1999
Check the only word that could be used in the plural form:
a) Information.
b) Land.
c) Research.
d) Energy.
e) Employment.
006 | FEI 2000
ALL HE NEEDED. Escolha a sentença correta, colocada no
plural, tempo futuro simples:
a) All they will need.
b) They all will need.
c) They would need all.
d) All they would need.
e) All they didn't need.
007 | PUCPR 1996
Match the columns below so that the words in the second
column fit the sentences provided in the first one:
1.Tom and Mary love their __________.
2. Put the oranges inside those __________.
3. I can't walk. My __________ are aching a lot.
4. The __________ are flying south.
5. The cat is hunting the __________.
22
ENGLISH - EEAR
6. When Jane fell over, she broke two of her __________.
( ) feet
( ) teeth
( ) children
( ) geese
( ) mice
( ) boxes
– Choose the correct alternative:
a) 6 – 3 – 1 – 4 – 5 – 2
b) 3 – 6 – 1 – 4 – 5 – 2
c) 3 – 6 – 2 – 4 – 5 – 1
d) 5 – 3 – 4 – 2 – 6 – 1
e) 3 – 6 – 4 – 1 – 2 – 5
008 | PUCRS 2007
Nouns in English can be divided into countable or
uncountable (e.g.: apple X water). In order to indicate
some kind of "measurement" in the case of uncountable
nouns, another noun is required (e.g.: "glasses" or "liters"
of water). Accordingly, the expression below that is
equivalent to the structure "blades of grass" is:
a) structures of steel.
b) classes of Chinese.
c) cups of coffee.
d) floors of wood.
e) letters of complaint.
009 | MACKENZIE 2003
– Which alternative shows the correct plural form of the
words given?
a) mouse – mice/ goose – geese/ phenomenon –
phenomena/ deer – deer
b) mouse – mices/ chick – chicken/ person – persons/
child – children
c) mouse – mouses/ goose – geeses/ deer – deers/ news
– news
d) mouse – mouses/ new – newses/ bus – buses /person
– people
e) mouse – mises/ child – children/ police – polices/ news
– news
010 | ITA 1987
Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de:
1. OX é OXEN
2. CHIEF é CHIEFS
3. ROOF é ROOVES
– Constatamos que está(estão) correta(s):
a) Apenas a afirmação nº 1.
b) Apenas a afirmação nº 2.
c) Apenas a afirmação nº 3.
d) Apenas as afirmações nºs 1 e 2.
e) Todas as afirmações.
011 | EFOMM 2000
The plural forms of the underlined words in the sentence
"Jane is afraid of mouse and louse" are respectively:
a) mice – lice
b) mices – lices
c) mouses – louses
d) mice – louses
e) mouses – lice
012 | ITA 1988
Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de:
1. BASIS é BASIS
2. DATUM é DATAS
3. BUSINESS é BUSINESSES
– Constatamos que está(estão) correta(s):
a) Apenas a afirmação no 1.
b) Apenas a afirmação no 2.
c) Apenas a afirmação no 3.
d) Apenas as afirmações nos 1 e 3.
e) Todas as afirmações.
013 | ITA 1989
O plural dos substantivos abaixo:
I. knife
II. tooth
III. woman
– é, na ordem:
a) knifes – teeth – womans
b) knifes – teeths – women
c) knives – tooths – women
d) knives – teeth – women
e) knive – teeth – women
014 | ESPCEX 1999
The plural of wife, goose, mouse and hero are:
a) wifes, gooses, mouses, heroes.
b) wifes, geese, mice, heroes.
c) wives, geese, mice, heros.
d) wives, geese, mice, heroes.
e) wifes, gooses, mouses, heros.
015 | JFS 2000
Considering that the plural form of the following words:
1. Man is Men
2. Woman is Women
3. Roman is Romen
– The incorrect datum(a) is(are) the:
a) number 1.
b) number 2.
c) number 3.
d) numbers 1 and2.
e) numbers 1 and 3.
016 | JFS 2000
Complete as sentenças a seguir utilizando as formas
23
ENGLISH - EEAR
corretas de cada vocábulo apresentado:
– He bought a __________ car.
– She is a __________ rock star.
– I have good __________ to give you.
– The police __________ in front of the building.
a) sport – famous – informations – is
b) sport – famous – informations – are
c) sports – famous – informations – are
d) sport – famouses – information – is
e) sports – famous – information – are
017 | ITA 1987
Algumas vezes, o significado da forma plural de um
substantivo (em inglês), é diferente do seu significado na
forma singular. Dadas as palavras (já na sua forma plural):
1. GOODS
2. SCALES
3. SPIRITS
– Constatamos que confere(m) com a afirmação acima:
a) Apenas a palavra nº 1.
b) Apenas a palavra nº 2.
c) Apenas a palavra nº 3.
d) Apenas as palavras nºs 1 e 2.
e) Todas as palavras.
018 | JFS 2008
Give the correct plural form of the words below:
- Buffalo;
- Eskimo;
- Concerto;
- Person;
- Manservant;
- Thesis;
- Sister-In-Law;
- Die.
a) Buffalos – Eskimos – Concertos – Personas –
Menservants – Theses – Sisters-in-law – Dice
b) Buffaloes – Eskimos – Concertos – Persons –
Menservants – Theses – Sisters-in-law – Dice
c) Buffaloes – Eskimos – Concertoes – Persons –
Manservants – Theses – Sisters-in-law – Dice
d) Buffaloes – Eskimos – Concertos – Persons –
Menservants – Theses – Sister-in-laws – Deaths
e) Buffalos – Eskimoes – Concertoes – Personas –
Manservants – Thesis – Sister-in-laws – Deaths
019 | ITA 1990
Dadas as afirmações de que o plural de:
1. Chief é Chieves
2. Radius é Radii
3. Leaf é Leaves
– Constatamos que está (estão) correta(s):
a) Apenas a afirmação nº 1.
b) Apenas a afirmação nº 2.
c) Apenas a afirmação nº 3.
d) As afirmações nos 2 e 3.
e) Todas as afirmações.
020 | JFS 2000
Marque a alternativa que possui as sentenças abaixo
reescritas, corretamente, no plural:
1. She writes a letter to her sister every day.
2. He and his friend are going to buy a new house.
3. The news is good, I think you will like it.
4. This old photo brings me a good recollection.
5. The phenomenon happened yesterday night.
a) 1. They writes letters to their sisters every day./ 2. They
and their friends are going to buy new houses./ 3. The
news is good, we think you will like them./ 4. These old
photos bring us good recollections./ 5. The phenomena
happened yesterday night.
b) 1. They write letters to their sisters every day./ 2. They
and their friends are going to buy new houses./ 3. The
news are good, we think you will like them./ 4. These old
photos bring us good recollections./ 5. The phenomena
happened yesterday night.
c) 1. They write letters to their sisters every day./ 2. They
and their friends are going to buy news houses./ 3. The
news is good, we think you will like them./ 4. Those old
photos bring us good recollections./ 5. The phenomena
happened yesterday night.
d) 1. They write letters to their sisters every day./ 2. They
and their friends are going to buy new houses./ 3. The
news is good, we think you will like them./ 4. These old
photos bring us good recollections./ 5. The phenomena
happened yesterday night.
e) 1. They write letters to their sisters every day./ 2. They
and their friends are going to buy new houses./ 3. The
news is good, we think you will like they./ 4. These old
photos bring us good recollections./ 5. The phenomenons
happened yesterday night.
021 | JFS 2014
He peered through the SPECTACLES.
– O vocábulo em destaque na sentença acima significa:
a) espetáculos.
b) óculos.
c) frestas.
d) pessoas.
e) confusão.
022 | JFS 2014
The company is relocating to new PREMISES.
– O vocábulo em destaque na sentença acima significa:
a) diretrizes.
b) regras.
c) instalações.
d) patamares.
e) premissas.
023 | JFS 2014
Qual dos seguintes vocábulos encontra-se no plural?
a) Canvas
b) Matrix
c) Parenthesis
d) Axis
e) Corpora
024 | EN 2014
Which of the alternatives completes the sentence
correctly?
If you need __________ about what to remove from your
__________ to avoid problems at check in, this leaflet is
for you.
a) some information / luggage
b) the informations / luggage
c) information / luggages
d) an information / luggage
24
ENGLISH - EEAR
e) informations / luggages
025 | UFRGS 2013
A little child will give up his or her name to a newborn
sibling and take on a new one.
Considere a proposta de substituição de child por
children. Nesse contexto, assinale a alternativa que
apresenta, respectivamente, o número de palavras que
devem ser suprimidas e o número de palavras que devem
ser alteradas, para fins de concordância.
a) uma – três
b) três – seis
c) quatro – seis
d) seis – três
e) seis – quatro
ANSWER-KEY:
01B
02 D
03 C
04 C 
05B 
06A 
07B 
08C 
09A 
10D
11A 
12C 
13D 
14D 
15C 
16E 
17E 
18B 
19D 
20D
21B 
22C 
23E 
24A 
25D
CAPÍTULO 04
VERBS
Para nós
brasileiros, estudar
verbo é um assunto
meio delicado. No
entanto, em inglês, as
coisas ficam bem
diferentes.
Para começar,
vamos entender algo
bem básico: a estruturo
das formas nominais.
INFINITIVE: Em inglês,
ele é feito com o “TO”
antecedendo verbo.
Ex: To be, To Study, To
work.
BASE FORM: Este
conceito também pode
ser chamado de “bare
infinitive” é o infinitivo
sem o “TO”.
Ex: Be, Study, Work
GERUND / PRESENT
PARTICIPLE: É feito
com -ing
Ex: Being, Studying,
Working
PAST PARTICIPLE:
Quando os verbos são
regulares, a gente
acrescenta -ed. Se
irregulares, só nos
resta memorizá-los.
Ex: Been (irregular),
Studied, Worked
É necessário que
você reconheça essas
formas! Elas nos
salvarão a vida!!!
Neste capítulo,
focaremos em duas
estruturas muito básicas:
The Imperative Mood e
Let’s. Eles não constam
do edital da EsSA.
IMPERATIVE MOOD 
YOU
Em inglês, o Imperativo 
é usado somente para o 
“You”. Dá-se ordem para
a pessoa com quem se 
fala
.Affirmative form: Base 
form of the verb
Go
Study!
Do it now!
Please pay attention!
Pay attention, please!
P.s.: Ao utilizarmos 
“please” no final da 
frase, ele sempre virá 
precedido por uma 
vírgula.
.Negative form: Do not /
Don’t + Base form of the 
verb.
Don’t go home now.
Do not talk to me like 
that!
Please don’t worry!
Don’t worry, please!
P.s.: O Imperative Mood 
é o único caso de 
sujeito oculto na língua 
inglesa.
IMPERATIVE MOOD: 
Question Tag/Tag 
Questions
Will you
25
ENGLISH - EEAR
Do your homework, 
will you?
Don’t play 
videogames now, will 
you?
LET’S = LET US
É usado para “Nós”
É usado para fazer 
convites ou dar ordens 
nas quais o “eu” esteja 
incluído.
Let’s go to the beach!
Let’s focus on our 
studies.
A forma negativa é feita 
acrescentando “not” ou 
outro advérbio de 
negação após a 
estrutura.
Let’s not waste time.
Question tag/Tag 
question:
..., shall we?
Let’s play soccer this 
weekend, shall we?
Let’s not work until so 
late, shall we?
EXERCISES:
01 - JFS 2000
Relacione as colunas A e
B, encontrando o 
Imperativo
correto.
Coluna A
1. I'm hungry.
2. I'm very tired.
3. I'm sad today.
4. I'm pissed off.
5. I'm thirsty.
Coluna B
( ) See a comedy movie.
( ) Take vacation.
( ) Eat something.
( ) Drink some water.
( ) Chill out and take it 
easy.
a) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5
b) 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1
c) 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 – 5
d) 3 – 2 – 1 – 5 – 4
e) 2 – 3 – 4 – 1 – 5
02 - UFSC 1997
Select the proposition(s) 
which is(are) in the 
Imperative Form:
(01) Please, place all 
valuables in the hotel 
safe.
(02) You are advised not 
to take money on the 
beach.
(04) We ask you to 
return your keys before 
your departure.
(08) You must carry your 
suitcases.
(16) Don't make noise at 
night.
(32) Be careful with your 
tickets.
– Soma = 
( __________ )
a) 49 (01 + 16 + 32)
b) 48 (16 + 32)
c) 50 (02 + 16 + 32)
d) 56 (08 + 16 + 32)
e) 17 (16 + 01)
03 - JFS 2007
Which of the following 
sentences is not in the 
Imperative Mood?
a) Get plenty of calcium.
b) Don’t mess too much 
with your hair.
c) But, be patient with 
those who supply it.
d) Painting over the ugly 
parts.
e) But trust me on the 
sunscreen.
04 - JFS 2012
“Allright, everyone, 
we're not here to talk 
shop. Let's have a good 
time.” We are not here 
to:
a) fight.
b) make a scene.
c) waste time.
d) talk about business.
e) listen to tall stories.
05 - Let’s go for a pint.
a) festa
b) cigarro
c) cerveja
d) passeio
e) viagem
06 - UFSM 2002 – 
ADAPTED
Stars do it. Sports do it. 
Judges in the highest 
courts do it.
Let's do it: that yoga 
thing.
– Observe que o "it" se 
repete. A que se refere?
a) Stars.
b) Sports.
c) Judges.
d) India.
e) Yoga.
07 - UNESP 1984
This place is not good. 
__________ we go 
elsewhere?
a) Will
b) Will not
c) Ought
d) Shall
e) Let's
08 | EN 2012
Which is the correct 
alternative to complete 
the following
instructions?
__________ (1) a game 
card in the card slot. 
__________ (2) power. 
Important: __________ 
(3) insert or remove 
cards when the power is 
on as it damages the 
machine. __________ 
(4) the game card icon.
a) Insert – Press – Do 
not – Tap
b) To insert – To press – 
To do not – To tap
c) Insert – Press – Do – 
To tap
d) Insert – To press – Do
– Tap
e) To insert – Press – Do
not – Tap
QUESTÕES DE 
PROVAS DA EEAR:
Read the text and 
answer the question.
Sometimes we 
procrastinate doing 
something because we 
think that we will do a 
bad choice. If you feel 
nervous about a task, 
stop and think positive 
thoughts. Think about 
what you are good at. 
Think about times in the 
past when you have 
done something good. 
Positive thoughts make 
work easier.
(Adapted from Access
Reading 2)
GLOSSARY:
Procrastinate – adiar
Choice – escolha
Task – tarefa.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
01 – The verbs “stop” 
and “think”, line 3, are 
being used in the 
(1/2011)
a.future
b.imperative
c.simple past
d.simple present
Read the text and 
answer the question:
Don’t Quit
When things go wrong
as they sometimes will;
When the road you’re
trudging seems all uphill;
When the funds are low,
and the debts are high
And you want to smile,
but have to sigh;
When care is pressing
you down a bit
Rest if you must, but do
not quit.
Success is the failure
turned inside out;
The silver tint of the
clouds of doubt;
And you can never tell
how close you are
It may be near when it
seems so far;
So stick to the fight
when you’re hardest hit
It’s when things go
wrong that you must not
quit.
GLOSSARY
to trudge – caminhar 
penosamente
uphill – difícil, exaustivo
to sigh – suspirar
tint – tom, tonalidade
02 - The imperative form 
of the verbs, underlined 
in the text, is being used 
to (1/2011 - BCT)
a) give advice.
b) give directions.
c) make an invitation.
d) give an explanation.
Read the extract and 
answer question 03:
Before my grandfather 
died, he said to me: 
“Don’t waste your time! 
Travel around the world! 
Have a beautiful house! 
Be with a person you 
love! Go to the beach! 
Have a lot of friends!
(Adapted from Inglês no
Mundo do Trabalho)
03 – The Imperative form
of the verbs underlined 
in the extract expresses: 
(I - II/2013)
a.habits
b.requests
c.directions
d.some advice
Read the dialog and 
answer question 04 
(CFS 2013 – prova 
extra).
A: Look! That’s John 
over there.
B: Let’s call him.
A: John, come here!
04 – The correct 
negative form of the 
sentence underlined in 
the dialog is:
a)John, don’t come here!
b)John, won’t come 
here!
c)John, didn’t come 
here!
d)John, doesn’t come 
here!
ANSWER-KEY:
01 – d
02 – a
03 – d
04 – d
05 – c
06 – e
07 – d
08 – a
QUESTÕES DE 
PROVAS DA EEAR:
01 – b
02 – a
03 – d
04 - a
SUGESTÃO DE 
TRADUÇÃO:
LISTEN TO YOUR 
HEART – Roxette
I know there's something
in the wake of your smile
I get a notion from the 
look in your eyes, yea
You've built a love, but 
that love falls apart
Your little piece of 
heaven turns to dark
Listen to your heart
When he's calling for you
Listen to your heart
There's nothing else you 
can do
I don't know where 
you're going
And I don't know why
But listen to your heart
Before you tell him 
goodbye
Sometimes you wonder 
if this fight is worthwhile
The precious moments 
are all lost in the tide, 
yea
They're swept away and 
nothing is what is seems
The feeling of belonging 
to your dreams
Listen to your heart
When he's calling for you
Listen to your heart
There's nothing else you 
can do
I don't know where 
you're going
And I don't know why
But listen to your heart
Before you tell him 
goodbye
And there are voices
That want to be heard
So much to mention
But you can't find the 
words
The scent of magic
The beauty that's been
When love was wilder 
than the wind
Listen to your heart
Take a listen to it
He's calling for you
Listen to your heart
Take a listen to it
Else you can do
I don't know where 
you're going
And I don't know why
But listen to your heart
Before
Listen to your heart!
Take a listen to it
He's calling for you
Listen to your heart!
Take a listen to it
Else you can do
I don't know where 
you're going
And I don't know why
But listen to your heart
Before you tell him 
goodbye
(Listen to your heart)
(Listen to your heart)
27
ENGLISH - EEAR
(Listen to your heart)
(Listen to your heart)
(Listen to your heart)
28
ENGLISH - EEAR
CAPÍTULO 5
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE / PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
Antes de estudarmos este assunto, precisaremos
focar em dois assuntos deveras importantes: verb to
be e gerund.
Começaremos pelo verb to Be. Para alguns de
vocês, será um pouco repetitivo. No entanto, ele é
muito importante.
Verb To Be
VERB TO BE ( SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM SHORT/CONTRACTED 
FORMS:
I AM I’M
YOU ARE YOU’RE
HE IS HE’S
SHE IS SHE’S
IT IS IT’S
WE ARE WE’RE
YOU ARE YOU’RE
THEY ARE THEY’RE
Bizu: As formas contratas da afirmativa do verbo “To 
Be” SÓ podem ser usadas se acompanhadas de 
algum elemento sintático.
Ex: I’m a teacher.
Are you a teacher?
Yes, I’m. (Yes, I am).
NEGATIVE FORM SHORT/CONTRACTED 
FORMS:
I AM NOT I’M NOT
YOU ARE NOT YOU’RE NOT / YOU AREN’T
HE IS NOT’ HE’S NOT / HE ISN’T
SHE IS NOT SHE’S NOT / SHE ISN’T
IT IS NOT IT’S NOT / IT ISN’T
WE ARE NOT WE’RE NOT / WE AREN’T
YOU ARE NOT YOU’RE NOT / YOU AREN’T
THEY ARE NOT THEY’RE NOT / THEY AREN’T
Bizu: As formas contratas da negativa do verbo “To 
Be” podem ser usadas sozinhas, isto é, sem nenhum 
elemento sintático as acompanhando.
Ex: You’re not tired today.
Are you a military?
No, I’m not.
INTERROGATIVE FORM
AM I? AM I NOT?
ARE YOU? AREN’T YOU? / ARE YOU NOT?
IS HE? ISN’T HE? / IS HE NOT?
IS SHE? ISN’T SHE? / IS SHE NOT?
IS IT? ISN’T IT? / IS IT NOT?
ARE WE? AREN’T WE? / ARE WE NOT?
ARE YOU? AREN’T YOU? / ARE YOU NOT?
ARE THEY? AREN’T THEY? / ARE THEY NOT?
Short and long answers
Are you a teacher ? 
Yes, I am a teacher. / No, I am not a teacher. (long 
answers)
Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (short answers)
Is he a good student ? 
Yes, he is a good student./ No, he is not a good 
student. (long answers) 
Yes, he is. / No, he is not. (short answers)
Is she beautiful ? 
Yes, she is beautiful. / No, she is not beautiful (long 
answers) 
Yes, she is. / No, she is not. (short answers)
QUESTION TAG / TAG QUESTION:
A “question tag” do verbo “To Be” é feita como um 
ímã. Se a frase for afirmativa, a question tag será 
negativa.
Frase negativa faz question tag positiva:
Watch out!!
We are students, aren’t we?
They’re at home, aren’t they?
We aren’t working now, are we?
You’re not going home now, are you?
I’m not so fat anymore, am I?
EXCEPTION:
I am tall, aren’t I?
I am tall, am I not?
01 - Choose the correct option:
a) They _______ great !
(a) is (c) she
29
ENGLISH - EEAR
(b) are (d) I am
b) I _____a student.
(a) are (c) am
(b) they (d) he
c) He _______ handsome.
(a) is (c) are
(b) am (d) she
02 - Match the questions and the answers:
(a) Is Mattew an engineer ? ( ) Yes, she is.
(b) Are you and my brother friends ? ( ) No, it isn’t.
(c) Is Jennifer beautiful ? ( ) No, he isn’t.
(d) Are Marcos and John teachers ? ( ) Yes, we 
are.
(e) Is the computer new ? ( ) No, they aren’t.
03 – Choose the correct question tag:
a. Teresa is an accountant,___? 
aren't she? doesn't she? isn't she? She isn't? 
b. I am a good worker,___?I am? do I? amn't I? aren't I? 
c. Pierre is a grandfather,___? 
he isn't? isn't he? he is? doesn't he? 
d. Kate is a doctor, ___? 
she is? is she? doesn't she? isn't she? 
e. Jacques and Alicia are students, ___? 
aren't they? are they? isn't he? isn't they? 
f. Mario is at work right now, ___? 
aren't they? isn't he? is he? isn't she? 
g. I'm here, ___? 
am I not? am not I? amn't I? aren't you? 
h. You and I are busy right now, ___? 
aren't I? aren't we? we aren't? aren't you? 
i. It's windy today, ___? 
am I? aren't they? isn't it? isn't he? 
j. I am ready for the next exercise, ___? 
isn't it? don't I? aren't you? aren't I? 
P.S.: -Y
O sufixo –y em inglês costuma formar adjetivos.
Veja:
Sun (sol) → Sunny (ensolarado)
Health (saúde) → Healthy (saudável)
4. Supply the correct form of the present tense of TO 
BE.
1) He ................ a good student. is
2) They ................ old friends. are
3) I ................ a student. am
4) John ................ absent. is
5) We ................ both students. are
6) The weather today ................ good. is
7) The sky ................ clear. is
8) Henry and John ................ brothers. are
9) She and I ................ cousins. are
10) Mr. Smith ................ sick today. is
11) He ................ a businessman. is
12) Mr. Jones ................ a lawyer. is
13) Today ................ Wednesday. is
14) She and John ................ both good students. 
are
15) The policeman on the corner ................ busy 
with the traffic. is
16) He and I ................ old friends. are
 
5. Change the following sentences from 
affirmative to negative.
1) They are in Europe now.
2) John is angry with you.
3) Hen and she are cousins.
4) He is very studious.
5) Both sisters are tall.
6) She is a clever girl.
7) They are members of the country club.
8) He is a good tennis player.
9) Mr. Smith is a pilot with American Airlines.
10) The sky is very cloudy today.
11) The office of the principal is on the first floor.
12) It is cold today.
30
ENGLISH - EEAR
13) She is a tall, blonde girl.
14) It is a good movie.
15) The stamps are in my desk.
16) He is in his office.
 
8. Change all the sentences ABOVE to 
questions.
 
THERE IS / THERE ARE (EXISTE / EXISTEM /
HÁ)
 
ð Utilizamos there is no singular e there are no plural. 
(Observar que aqui o tempo usado é o PRESENTE) 
There is a book on the table.
There are books on the table.
There is one man in the room.
There are several men in the room.
 
6. Complete the following sentences with 
There is or There are.
1) _________ a new moon tonight.
2) _________ someone at the door.
3) _________ a lot of students absent today.
4) _________ a mailbox on the corner.
5) _________ three lamps in the room.
6) _________ two large windows in the room.
7) But _________ only one door.
8) _________ a lot of English classes in our 
school.
9) _________ nobody in the room now.
10) _________ a letter on the table for you.
11) _________ several beautiful parks in this city.
12) _________ twelve months in a year.
13) _________ only one cloud in the sky.
14) _________ no one at home.
15) _________ dishes but no silverware on the 
table.
16) _________ no stores in this section of town.
 
THERE IS / THERE ARE
(Negative and Questions Forms)
ð Formamos a negativa com there is e there are 
acrescentando-se not após o verbo.
There is a man in the room.
There is NOT man in the room. (There
isn’t)
There are two students absent today.
There are NOT two students absent
today.
 
ð As formas contratas isn’t and aren’t são geralmente
utilizadas.
ð Formamos a interrogativa com there is e there are 
colocando-se o verbo TO BE antes da partícula 
THERE.
There is a window in the room.
Is there a window in the room ?
There are some magazines on the table.
Are there magazines on the table?
 
7. Change the following sentences from 
affirmative to negative. Use the contracted forms.
1) There is a flag at the top of the building.
2) There are two lamps in the room.
3) There is a pillow on each bed.
4) There are two policemen on each corner.
5) There is a big parade today.
6) There are several doctors in this area.
7) There are ten new words in this lesson.
8) There is a message for you on the hall table.
9) There are enough chairs for everyone.
10) There are plenty of good seats available.
11) There is a comfortable chair in each room.
12) There is a good restaurant near here.
13) There are telephones in every room.
14) There are four seasons in a year.
15) There are three syllables in each of the words.
31
ENGLISH - EEAR
01 – They are / I am / He is
02 – c/e/a/b/d
03 – 
a.isn’t she?
b.aren’t I?
c.isn’t he?
d.isn’t she?
e.aren’t they?
f.isn’t he?
g.am I not?
h.aren’t we?
i.isn’t it?
j.aren’t I?
4-
1)is
2)are
3)am
4)is
5)are
6)is
7)is
8)are
9)are
10)is
11)is
12)is
13)is
14)are
15)is
16)are
5-
1)They aren't in Europe now.
2)John isn't angry with you.
3)Hen and she aren't cousins.
4)He isn't very studious.
5)Both sisters aren't tall.
6)She isn't a clever girl.
7)They aren't members of the country club.
8)He isn't a good tennis player.
9)Mr. Smith isn't a pilot with American Airlines.
10)The sky isn't very cloudy today.
11)The office of the principal isn't on the first floor.
12)It isn't cold today.
13)She isn't a tall, blonde girl.
14)It isn't a good movie.
15)The stamps aren't in my desk.
16)He isn't in his office.
6.
1)There is a new moon tonight.
2)There is someone at the door.
3)There are a lot of students absent today.
4)There is a mailbox on the corner.
5)There are three lamps in the room.
6)There are two large windows in the room.
7)But there is only one door.
8)There are a lot of English classes in our school.
9)There is nobody in the room now.
10)There is a letter on the table for you.
11)There are several beautiful parks in this city.
12)There are twelve months in a year.
13)There is only one cloud in the sky.
14)There is no one at home.
15)There are dishes but no silverware on the table.
16)There are no stores in this section of town.
7-
1)There isn't
2)There aren't
3)There isn't 
4)There aren't
5)There isn't
6)There aren't
7)There aren't
8)There isn't
32
ENGLISH - EEAR
9)There aren't
10)There aren't 
11)There isn't
12)There isn't
13)There aren't
14)There aren't
15)There aren't
SUGESTÃO PARA TRADUÇÃO!
"We're The World (USA For Africa)"
There comes a time when we hear a certain call
When the world must come together as one
There are people dying
And it's time to lend a hand to life
The greatest gift of all
We can't go on pretending day by day
That someone, somewhere will soon make a change
We all are a part of God's great big family
And the truth, you know,
Love is all we need
[Chorus:]
We are the world, we are the children
We are the ones who can make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
Send them your heart so they'll know that someone
cares
And their lives will be stronger and free
As God has shown us by turning stone to bread
So we all must lend a helping hand
[Chorus]
When you're down and out, there seems no hope at
all
But if you just believe there's no way we can fall
Well...well...well
Let's realize that a change can only come
When we stand together as one
[Chorus]
Agora, focaremos no Gerund:
GERUND / PRESENT PARTICIPLE
GERUND
“-ing”
verb + “-ing”
go → going
verbosterminados com “e” perdem o “e” e recebem 
“-ing”
come → coming
EXCEPTION: be → being
Verbos terminados em “ee” não sofrem perda.
Agree → agreeing
verbos monossilábicos terminados em “cvc” 
(consoante + vogal + consoante) dobram a consoante
final e recebem “-ing”
get → getting
stop → stopping
se tiverem duas ou mais sílabas, só dobrarão a 
consoante final se forem “oxítonas”
pre’fer → preferring
‘listen → listening
p.s.: Em muitos dicionários, usa-se o apóstrofo (‘) 
para se indicar a sílaba tônica.
p.p.s.: O verbo travel tem variações quanto ao inglês 
do padrão europeu e do padrão estadunidense.
to travel → travelling (British English)
to travel → traveling (American English)
“w” e “y” em final de sílaba são semi-vogais.
snow → snowing
play → playing
os verbos terminados em “-ic”, por questões 
fonológicas, recebem “-k” e, então “-ing”
mimic → mimicking
33
ENGLISH - EEAR
die → dying
lie → lying
tie → tying
Gerund usages:
01 – As the subject of the clause:
Dancing is quite cool.
02 – As the object of the clause:
She hates cooking every day.
03 – After prepositions:
She is afraid of flying.
I am interested in seeing a movie.
04 – To form the Continuous / Progressive tenses:
We have been studying a lot.
05 – In some verbal combinations:
He avoids drinking alcohol.
p.s.: Depois dos verbos abaixo, usa-se somente a 
forma do gerúndio.
admit - appreciate - avoid - carry on - consider - 
contemplate - continue - delay - deny - detest - dislike 
- endure - enjoy - escape - excuse - face - fancy - feel 
like - finish - forgive - give up - imagine - include - 
involve - keep - mention - mind - miss - postpone - 
practice - put off - recommend - resent - resist - risk - 
suggest - understand – quit
06 – Após algumas expressões
- CAN'T STAND (NÃO SUPORTAR):
I can't stand being far from you.
(Não suporto ficar longe de você.)
- CAN'T HELP (NÃO PODER EVITAR):
He couldn't help falling in love with her. 
(Ele não conseguiu evitar se apaixonar por ela.)
 
- BE WORTH (VALER A PENA):
It was worth listening to him. (Valeu a pena escutá-
lo.)
It is worth speaking more than one language. (Vale a
pena falar mais de um idioma.)
It is not worth waiting. (Não vale a pena esperar.) 
- IT IS NO GOOD (NÃO É BOM):
It is no good talking to this boy. (Não é bom falar 
com esse menino.)
 
- IT IS GOOD (É BOM):
It is good talking English as much as you can to 
improve the language. 
(É bom falar Inglês o máximo que você puder para 
você aprimorar o idioma.)
It is good thinking before talking what comes to our 
mind. 
(É bom pensar antes de falar o que vem à nossa 
cabeça.)
 
- IT IS NO USE (NÃO ADIANTA):
It is no use talking to the headmaster. He won't help 
us. 
(Não adianta falar com o diretor da escola. Ele não 
vai nos ajudar.)
 
- THERE IS NO POINT (NÃO HÁ POR QUE, NÃO 
HÁ RAZÃO):
There is no point researching another source for 
our project.
(Não há por que pesquisar uma outra fonte para o 
nosso projeto.)
Some people believe there is no point 
in teaching students how to spell or pronounce words
without providing their associated meanings. 
(Algumas pessoas acreditam que não há razão para 
ensinar aos alunos como soletrar ou pronunciar 
palavras sem fornecer seus significados.)
 
- WHAT ABOUT / HOW ABOUT (QUE TAL):
What about going to the zoo? (Que tal irmos ao zoológico?)
How about walking home instead of taking the car? 
34
ENGLISH - EEAR
How about going for a meal? (Que tal sairmos para 
comer alguma coisa?)
 
- LOOK FORWARD TO (AGUARDAR 
ANSIOSAMENTE):
We are looking forward to meeting you again. 
(Estamos aguardando ansiosamente o reencontro 
com você.)
 
- BE USED TO (ESTAR ACOSTUMADO A):
In Norway we are used to having a lot of snow.
(Na Noruega, estamos acostumados a ter muita 
neve.)
 
- OBJECT TO (OPOR-SE, RECUSAR):
They objected to sitting in the smoking section. 
(Eles se opuseram a ficar sentados na área para 
fumantes.)
01 - Select the alternative that best completes the 
extract below. (CFS 01/2016)
Doctors suggest not _________ much fat and sugar. 
Patients suffering from cardiopulmonary diseases also
should not avoid ___________ to the doctor. 
a) to eat – to go 
b) eating – to go 
c) to eat – going 
d) eating – going
Read the dialog and answer question 02: (CFS 
01/2016)
 
Ana: Do you ever go to museums? 
Martin: Yes, I enjoy ___________ them. Ana: Would 
you like to go to a museum now? 
Martin: No, I’m hungry. I suggest _________ to a 
restaurant.
 
02 – Select the alternative that best completes the 
dialogue: 
a) visiting – to go 
b) to visit – to go 
c) to visit – going 
d) visiting – going
03 | ITA 1995
Without fear of be happy (Sem medo de ser feliz) é o
título, em inglês, que um periódico paulista atribuiu ao
livro do jornalista americano Ken Silverstein sobre a
campanha de Lula à Presidência da República em 
1989.
Examinando o título, você diria que:
a) Está estruturalmente correto.
b) Deveria ser: "Without Fear of Been Happy".
c) Deveria ser: "Without Fear of to Be Happy".
d) Deveria ser: "Without Fear of Being Happy".
e) Deveria ser: "Without Fear to Be Happy".
04| UNESP 1985
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a 
sentença a seguir:
Most people cannot learn verbs without __________ 
them.
a) to study
b) studying
c) study
d) studied
e) studies
05 | UEL 1994
Assinale a alternativa correta:
He stopped __________ only after the doctor said he 
was going to die.
a) drank
b) drink
c) drinks
d) drinking
e) to drink
06 | UNESP 1990
Both Mary and Roger enjoy __________ tennis.
a) plays
b) play
c) to playing
d) playing
e) played
07 | EN 2008
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ENGLISH - EEAR
Analyse the sentences below. Which is the correct
sentence?
a) I enjoy reading very much.
b) I don’t mind to listen to classical music.
c) I must to talk to you.
d) I avoid to go out at night.
e) I suggest you to study more.
08 | EN 2009
Which sequence best completes the text below?
When we go out on weekends, I don’t mind 
__________ (1). I enjoy __________ (2) by car 
because it is more comfortable and I can’t resist 
__________ (3) to take photos. However, I avoid 
__________ (4) at night as I prefer not __________ 
(5) the risk of __________ (6) on the wheel.
a) to drive – travel – to stop – driving – run – sleep
b) driving – to travel – to stop – driving – run – sleep
c) drive – traveling – stopping – to drive – to run – 
sleep
d) driving – traveling – stopping – driving – to run – 
sleeping
e) to drive – traveling – stopping – driving – to run – 
sleeping
09 | EN 2010
Which sequence best completes the text below?
Almost everyone who studies, lives or works abroad 
experiences some degree of culture shock. This 
period of cultural adjustment involves everything from 
__________ (1) the food and language to 
__________ (2) how to use the telephone. No matter 
how patient and flexible you are, __________ (3) to a 
new culture can, at times, be difficult and frustrating. It
is easy __________ (4) lost,
depressed and homesick. You may even want 
__________ (5) back home!
a) get used to – learning – to adjusting – to getting – 
go
b) getting used to – learn – to adjust – to get – to go
c) getting used to – learning – adjusting – get – to go
d) getting used to – learning – adjusting – to get – to 
go
e) to get used to – learn – adjusting – to get – go
10 | EN 2011
Which sequence best completes the text below?
Riding a bicycle is a low impact form of exercise that 
can be enjoyed by people of all ages and fitness 
levels. It can help __________ (1) your general health
while __________ (2) gentle on your joints. It’s also a 
great way __________ (3) fun, get fit and spend time 
with friends and family. Always __________ (4) a 
helmet and be aware of traffic rules when on the road.
Adapted from http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
a) improving – to be – to have – wear
b) to improve – being – having – wear
c) improving – being – to have – wear
d) to improve – to be – to have – wear
e) to improve – being – to have – wear
11 - UEL 1997
Assinale a tradução corretados termos em 
maiúsculo:
I DON'T FEEL LIKE being indoors all day. Let's go for 
a long walk.
a) Não estou com vontade
b) Não acho ruim
c) Não creio que é uma boa idéia
d) Não concordo
e) Não estou pensando em
ANSWER-KEY:
01 – d
02 – d
03 – d
04 – b
05 – d
06 – d
07 – a
08 – d
09 – d
10 - e
11 - a
36
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/
ENGLISH - EEAR
PRESENT CONTINUOUS /
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
to be + “-ing”
 
→ It is used to state a fact in progress at the moment 
of speaking.
 
ex: We are studying English now.
Como o “Present Continuous” expressa
transitoriedade, alguns verbos não podem ser usados
nesse tempo verbal.
to believe – to belong – to depend – to see – to hear –
to smell – to touch – to love –
to hate – to like – to dislike – to know – to mean – to
need – to prefer – to find –
to understand – to comprehend – to notice – to want –
to realize – to look –
to remember – to seem – to suppose – to have = to
own = to possess
12 – Are these sentences right or wrong?
I am seeing a bird in the tree.
I am seeing a new girl. She's gorgeous.
He is having some coke.
She is having a hot dog.
The baby's having a shower.
They are having a new car.
(W/T/T/T/T/W)
Key-words:
now – right now – today – tonight – at the moment
– at present – currently = nowadays – this... (ex:
this season) – these... (ex: these days)
ex: We are working on that project right now.
13. Every Monday, Sally (drive) her kids to football 
practice. 
14. Usually, I (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this 
summer I (study) French at a language school in 
Paris. That is why I am in Paris. 
15. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) . 
16. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain). 
17. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always). 
18. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because 
everybody (talk) so loudly. 
19. Justin (write, currently) a book about his 
adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good 
publisher when he is finished. 
20. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) to a movie tonight 
with some friends. 
21. The business cards (be, normally ) printed by a 
company in New York. Their prices (be) inexpensive, 
yet the quality of their work is quite good. 
22. This delicious chocolate (be) made by a small 
chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.
 
Why is the present simple tense used for both verbs in the 
sentence below? Because the speaker:
23 - The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
 
... is describing what is happening now.
 
... is expressing a truth about the world.
 
... is talking about a repeated action.
 
... is telling a joke and jokes are often in the 1 
tense.
 
 
24 - My father ____________ too much!
 
... smoke
 
... is smoking 
37
ENGLISH - EEAR
... smokes
... smoking
 
25 - You should see the new Brad Pitt film. He plays the 
part of a cowboy who ___________ up a lawless town.
... cleans
... is cleaning
... cleaned
... clean
 
 
 
26 - Why ______________ ? You should be listening to 
me!
 ... you are talking
 ... you talk
 ... do you talk
 
... are you talking
 
 
Read the dialog and answer questions 27 to 29.
(EEAR 2/2011)
 
Doing things
Evan: Hey, Chloe. What are you doing?
Chloe: I’m drawing a picture for the story I wrote in
school today.
Evan: Oh, yeah? Terrific. Can I see it? It’s very pretty. I
like the colors.
Chloe: Thanks, Dad.
Evan: Chloe, go look in the kitchen. Is Mom _____ 
coffee?
Chloe: Uh, no, Daddy, she’s still _______ the dishes.
Evan: Oh. I guess I can wait a few minutes. I have to
make a call.
Chloe: Are you calling Grandma?
Evan: No. It’s a business call.
 
(Taken from American StreamlineGLOSSARY
to guess - achar, imaginar
 
27 - Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs, 
respectively
a) making / making
b) making / doing
c) doing / making
d) doing / doing
 
28 - The verb tense underlined in the text is
a) simple past.
b) simple present.
c) present perfect.
d) present continuous.
 
29 - “terrific””, (line 4), is opposite to
a) great.
b) awful.
c) excellent.
d) wonderful.
ANSWER-KEY:
13)drives
14)work / am studying
15)is sleeping
16)is raining
17)is always raining (esta forma é usada com um 
sentido de reclamação)
18)are saying / is talking
19)is currently writing
20)am going
21)are normally / are
22)is
23)c
24)b (a “C” também é aceita)
25)a
26)d
27)b
38
ENGLISH - EEAR
28)d
29)b
39
ENGLISH - EEAR
CAPÍTULO 06
SIMPLE PRESENT / PRESENT SIMPLE
Simple Present/Presente Simples
 Facts
I hate Physics
 Routine
We study English on Wednesday
 Scientific Truths
The Earth goes around the Sun.
4.Future Events
The airplane leaves at 5:00 p.m. next Sunday.
p.s.: Este uso é apenas para eventos num futuro
próximo. Não pode ser usado para pessoas.
Conjugating a Verb in the simple present:
To Work
I work
You work
He workS
She workS
It workS
We work
You work
They work
Observe que as conjugações de he, she e it levaram
um –S. Este =S é a desinência da língua inglesa para
o Simple Present. Vale salientar que, embora pareça,
tal –S não equivale ao plural. Ele é usado com a
terceira pessoa do singular.
He, She, It Rules
2. Verbo + “-s”
I play, you play, he plays, she plays, it plays, we 
play, you play, they play.
3. Verbos terminados em S, SH, CH, X, Z, O 
são acrescidos de “-es”
I go, you go, he goes, she goes, it goes, we go, 
you go, they go.
4. Verbos terminados em consoante + y trocam 
o “y” por “i” e recebem “-es”
I study, you stydy, he studies, she studies, it 
studies, we study, you study, they study.
5. have → has
I have, you have, he has, she has, it has, we
have, you have, they have.
AUXILIARY VERBS:
DO / DOES
01 – To form questions:
Do you work on Sundays?
Does he play football?
02 – To make negative statements:
I do not work on Sundays.
 (don’t)
She does not dance well.
 (doesn’t)
03 – To give short answers:
A:Do you play soccer?
B: Yes, I do.
Yes, I play soccer.
No, I don’t.
No, I don’t play soccer.
C: Does he work for BAF?
D: Yes, he does.
Yes, he works for BAF.
No, he doesn’t.
No, he doesn’t work for BAF.
4 – To avoid the repetition of the main verb.
“Soda machines kill more than sharks do…”
05 – To form the question tag:
We need to study, don’t we?
They don’t play soccer, do they.
He needs help, doesn’t he?
She doesn’t sing well, does she?
06 – To emphasize the main verb:
I love you so much! = I do love you!
OBS.: Em frases afirmativas, utilizam-se os verbos 
auxiliares (Do/Does) para dar ênfase no verbo 
principal. Isso não se aplica ao verbo “to be” e “to do”
40
ENGLISH - EEAR
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Always 100% SEMPRE
Almost Always - QUASE SEMPRE
Usually - GERALMENTE
Often - FREQUENTEMENT
EFrequently -
Sometimes 50% ÀS VEZES
Occasionally - OCASIONALMENTE
Seldom -
RARAMENTE
Rarely -
Hardly-Ever - QUASE NUNCA
Never 0% NUNCA
Positions of the adverbs
1. antes do verbo principal
They always get a little late
2. depois de verbos auxiliares
They are always doing their assignments
3. “Sometimes” também pode aparecer no início
das frases.
“Sometimes it lasts in love
But sometimes it hurts instead . . .” – Adele: 
Someone Like You
EXERCISES ON SIMPLE PRESENT:
I sit and wait 
_________ an angel _________ my fate 
and ________ they know 
the places where we go 
when we’re grey and old 
‘Cause I’ve been told 
that salvation lets their wings unfold 
so when I’m lying in my bed 
thoughts running through my head 
and I feel that love is dead 
I’m loving angels instead (…)
Angels – by Robbie Williams
01 – Completing the brackets we would have:
a)Does / contemplates / do
b)Do / contemplates / does
c)Does / contemplate / do
d)Does / contemplates / does
02 – Find in the lyrics a word that means “onde”
a)When
b)We’re
c)Where
d)through
03– Fate is a synonym to:
a)salvation
b)destiny
c)places
d)loving.
Choose the best option to complete the sentences:
04 - She ___ four languages.
a. speak
b. speaks
c. speakies
d. to speak
05 - Jane is a teacher. She ___ French.
a. teachb. teaches
c. to teach
d. to teaches
06 - When the kettle ___, will you make some tea?
a. boil
b. boils
c. to boil
d. to boils
07 - I always ___ the window at night because it is 
cold.
a. close
b. closes
c. to close
d. to closes
For exercises 08 to 16, choose the appropriate 
question tag:
08 – She is a great ballerina, _________?
a.isn’t she?
b.is she?
c.is he?
d.are you
09 – Michael and Monica live together, 
____________?
a.do they?
b.does he and does she?
c.do they?
d. don’t they?
10 – He works as a fire officer, ______________?
41
ENGLISH - EEAR
a. does he?
b. do they?
c. doesn’t he?
d. does Michael?
11 – I want to travel abroad, _______________?
a. do I?
b. does I?
c. don’t I?
d. doesn’t I?
12 – Big Brother Brazil is boring, _____________?
a. does it?
b. is it?
c. isn’t it?
d. it is?
13 – I am a teacher, ____________________?
a. I am?
b. I am not?
c. am I?
d. aren’t I?
14 – We are dancing “The Macarena”, ___________?
a. are we?
b. aren’t we?
c. are I?
d. are they?
15 – Thomas and Michael don’t play soccer, 
_____________?
a. do they?
b. don’t they?
c. does he and doesn’t he?
d. doesn’t he or doesn’t he?
16 – We are going to pass the exams, 
________________?
a. are we?
b. aren’t we?
c. are they?
d. do we?
17 - Carlos is an excellent student. He __________ 
goes to class.
a)always
b)never
c)seldom
d)hardly-ever
18 - I hate vegetables. I ___________ eat carrots.
a)sometimes
b)never
c)occasionally
d)once in a while
19 – Choose the sentence which is close in meaning 
to one in bold:
She hardly ever goes to the beach.
a)She goes to the beach once in a blue moon.
b)She always goes to the beach.
c)She never goes to the beach.
d)She sometimes goes to the beach.
20 – How often do you watch TV?
a)I watch TV.
b)I don’t like TV
c)I will always watch TV.
d)I always watch TV.
Read the paragraph and answer the questions 21, 22 
and 23 (EEAR)
An umbrella _____ a very ordinary object. It 
______________ people against the rain and hot sun.
You can fold most umbrellas, so it is easy ____ them.
21 – Choose the best alternative to complete the 
blanks in the paragraph.
a)is / puts / to hide
b)was / keeps / to help
c)was / brings / to buy
d)is / protects / to carry
22 – “You can fold most umbrellas,…” means that we 
can
a)enlarge them.
b)open them easily.
c)hardly carry them.
d)make them smaller. 
23 – The pronoun “it”, underlined in the paragraph, 
refers to
a)the sun.
b)the rain.
c)a person.
d)the umbrella.
Read the text and answer questions 24 to 29.
When Irish Eyes Are Smiling?
Everyone wants to be Irish on March 17th, the party of
the patron saint of Ireland.
42
ENGLISH - EEAR
But nowhere is this more fun than in Dublin, where 
anyone can put on a green hat and participate in 
Ireland’s biggest annual celebration.
A four-day event, the St. Patrick’s Festival attracts 
over 1.3 million people from around the world. Free 
events, including street theater and fireworks, are 
programmed around the city and are all accessible by 
foot.
(Adapted from Speak Up # 180)
23 – According to the text, 
a.St. Patrick’s Day is just celebrated in Ireland.
b.Irish people don’t like to celebrate St. Patrick’s Day.
c.Just Irish people are able to celebrate the party of 
the patron of Ireland.
d.There’s no place where the celebration is more 
exciting than in the capital of Ireland.
24 – Irish people celebrate Saint Patrick’s Day
a.just once every two years.
b.every year on May 17th.
c.once a year in March.
d.monthly.
25 – People around the world are attracted by the 
Saint Patrick’s Festival, where they can enjoy 
themselves
a.for a week
b.for four weeks
c.over the weekend
d.for four days
26 – At St. Patrick’s Party, people
a.need transportation
b.enjoy indoor theater
c.have free enternainment
d.see firefighters on the street.
27 – Choose the best alternative to fill in the blanks.
People in that traditional celebration usually wear a 
piece of clothing in ______________.
a.red
b.black
c.green
d.yellow
28 – The underlined verbs, in the text, are in the
a.simple past
b.past perfect
c.simple present
d.present perfect
Read the text and answer question 29
Air traffic controller: orchestrating aerial and
ground movements
An airfield in a war zone is like an orchestra of aerial
and ground activity. That’s the case at Sather Air
Base, Iraq, located next to Baghdad International
Airport.
It’s one of Iraq’s busiest airfields. An average of 320
transient aircraft and 6,200 passengers _____ through
the base each week. Needless to say, there’s a lot of
activity. Airmen work on aircraft, loading them with
munitions or filling their fuel tanks. Of course, there’s
always the threat of terrorist attacks. The potential for
accidents is high. Conducting the symphony, are air
traffic controllers like Sgt. Carter. One wrong direction
could result in people dying or the loss of millions of
dollars worth of equipment. “It’s a complex job,” he
said. “We must make sure aircraft make it to the field
so the mission can be performed.” “To do the job well
requires great communication skills”, he said.
“Initially, I was challenged by the language barrier,” he
said. “But I soon learned to be more patient. And I was
able to figure out what was being said, so we could
complete our mission.”
One major difference for controllers in a war zone is
that they have to deal with things they don’t normally
deal with at their home bases. At Sather, the
challenge
was the helicopter traffic, Carter said. “Helicopters
were swarming everywhere in that country,” he said.
Soon after arriving at the base, the sergeant had to
educate himself about how to control helicopters.
Carter admits feeling nervous when he first found out
he was deploying to Iraq because of the media
attention on terrorist attacks. But, to his surprise, his
tour has been relatively calm. Carter said his Sather
tour has been extremely rewarding, despite his earlier
misgivings.
(Adapted from Air Force News Agency)
GLOSSARY
to swarm – apinhar ou aglomerar
to deploy – ir em missão
misgivings – receios ou preocupações
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ENGLISH - EEAR
29 – The correct verb form to fill in the blank is
a) pass.
b) passes.
c) passed.
d) will pass.
Read the text and answer questions 30, 31, 32 and
33.
Haiti, a country under eternal reconstruction
It seems that nature has not been kind to Haiti. The 
earthquake on January 12th aggravated the chaos 
and poverty in the country. According to the United 
Nations, up to January 23rd the official number of 
dead was 111,000 and 200,000 had been injured. It 
has been
estimated, however, that the final death toll could be 
200,000. Thousands of houses have been destroyed 
or damaged, and hundreds of thousands of people 
have been left homeless. Before being hit by the 
earthquake the country was struck by a hurricane in 
2008. However, nature cannot be held chiefly 
responsible for
the Haitians’ suffering. In this country of nine million 
souls, over half are living below the level of extreme 
poverty, earning just a dollar a day. It is the poorest 
country in the Americas. The country is very, very 
underprivileged – there is a lack of schools, jobs, 
hospitals, transport, security, infrastructure, basic
sanitation, and – mainly – political stability. In political 
terms Haiti has always been in conflict. From the 
second half of the 19th century until the beginning of 
the 20th century, 16 Heads of State were overthrown 
or assassinated.
(Taken from Telegraph Newspaper)
GLOSSARY
injured – ferido
death tool – número oficial de mortos
struck – atingido
chiefly – principalmente
Heads of States – Chefes de Estado
to be overthrown – ser deposto
30 – The ____________ was used most of the time, 
in the text, to talk about actions _________.
a) present continuous – happening these days
b) simple past – completely finished in a past period
c) simple present – that happen regularly or all the 
time
d) present perfect tense – in the past that have a 
result now
31 – The suffix addedto the word, underlined in the 
text, means
a) little.
b) below.
c) having.
d) without.
32 – Which alternative, extracted from the text, 
presents a gerund form?
a) Before being hit by the earthquake…
b) …responsible for the Haitian’s suffering.
c) …until the beginning of the 20th century…
d) …over half are living below the level of extreme 
poverty…
33 – In “… the final death toll could be 200,000”, the 
underlined expression, gives an idea of
a) ability in the past.
b) remote possibility.
c) uncertain estimation.
d) realistic expectation.
SUGESTÕES PARA TRADUÇÃO:
ANOTHER DAY IN PARADISE – Phil Collins
She calls out to the man on the street
"sir, can you help me?
It's cold and I've nowhere to sleep
Is there somewhere you can tell me?
He walks on, doesn't look back
He pretends he can't hear her
Starts to whistle as he crosses the street
Seems embarrased to be there
[CHORUS]
Oh, think twice
Cuz it's another day for you and me in paradise
Oh, think twice
44
ENGLISH - EEAR
Cuz it's another day for you
You and me in paradise
Think about it
She calls out to the man on the street
He can see she's been crying
She's got blisters on the soles of her feet
She can't walk but she's trying
[CHORUS]
Oh, think twice
Cuz it's another day for you and me in paradise
Oh, think twice
Cuz it's another day for you
You and me in paradise
Oh, lord, is there nothing more anybody can do?
Oh, lord, there must be something you can say
You can tell from the lines on her face
You can see that she´s been there
Probably been moved on from every place
'cause she didn't fit in there
[CHORUS]
Oh, think twice
Cuz it's another day for you and me in paradise
Oh, think twice
Cuz it's another day for you
You and me in paradise
It's just another day
For you and me in paradise
Glossary:
Blisters: bolhas
Whistle: assoviar
To pretend: finger
ANSWER-KEY
1)c
2)c
3)b
4)b
5)b
6)b
7)a
8)a
9)d
10)c
11)c
12)c
13)d
14)b
15)a
16)b
17)a
18)b
19)a
20)d
21)d
22)d
23)d
24)c
25)d
26)c
27)c
28)d
29)a
30)c
31)d
32)a
33)c
45
ENGLISH - EEAR
CAPÍTULO 07
TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Types of Questions.
 Yes/No Questions.
A: Do you like English?
B: Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
 Wh- Questions
A: Where do you live?
B: I live in Niterói.
Wh- Questions
What is your name? It is John.
What do you do? I’m a military
Who is she? She is my girlfriend.
Which musical style do you listen to – rock or
reggae? I listen to rock.
Whose bag is that? It’s hers.
When’s your birthday? It’s on June 13.
Where do you work? I work in many places.
Why do you study English? Because I need to
Why did you run? To catch the bus.
p.s.: Why pode ter duas respostas. Uma será
utilizando o Because e outra To. Em inglês,
classificamos esse To como Infinitive of Purpose, pois
ele introduz uma finalidade.
How + Adjectives
How + Adverbs
How old are you? I am twelve (years old).
How tall are you? I am six feet and two inches tall.
How often do you watch TV? Never ever do I watch
TV. I don’t like it.
How deep is your love? It’s shallow.
How many friends do you have? I don’t have many
friends.
How much water do you drink? I drink a lot of water.
1. Use how + adjective or adverb, as appropriate :
a) __________ is Mount Everest ? It’s 29,002 feet 
above sea level.
b) __________ is she ? She’s 18 years old.
c) __________ was Brazil discovered ? It was 
discovered almost 500 years ago.
d) __________ is it from Porto Alegre to 
Florianópolis ? It’s 500 kilometers.
e) __________ do they go to their country ? They go
there every year.
f) __________ was the red boat ? It was 5 meters
long.
g) __________ is your grandmother ? She is 6 feet
tall.
h) __________ languages do people speak in
Canada ? They speak two languages.
i)__________ is this dirty lake ? It’s four meters deep.
SOME – ANY – NO
SOME:
Usa-se em:
1.Frases afirmativas:
I have some friends in London.
2.Frases interrogativas quando
2.1.Fazemos pedidos ou oferecimentos:
Would you like some coffee?
Can I have some cookies?
2.2.Temos 100% de certeza de que a resposta será
“Sim”:
Do you want some money, sonny?
ANY:
Usa-se em:
1.Frases negativas com advérbio de negação:
I never eat any açaí! I hate it!
2.Frases interrogativas em geral:
Do you need any help?
3.Frases afirmativas com a ideia de “qualquer” (it
doesn’t matter which)
I eat any cheese. I am cheeseaholic.
NO:
É usado para negativar as frases:
I have no money.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
P.s.: Em inglês, não pode haver dupla negação.
WATCH OUT!!!
Correct the mistake below.
“We don’t need no education . . .”
_______________________________
_______________________________
OS VERBOS NEED, HAVE, EAT, DRINK, 
BUY, SELL GERALMENTE NECESSITAM 
DE UMA IDEIA DE QUANTIDADE E, POR 
ISSO, SÃO ACOMPANHADOS DOS 
INDEFINIDOS.
Pay attention!
A: Do you have any books?
B: Yes, I have some books.
Yes, I have some.
A:Do you need any help?
B:No, I don’t need any help.
No, I don’t need any.
A:Have you got any money?
B:No, I have no money.
No, I have no. (Ih, esta frase não existe) O correto é
No, I have none.
NO X NONE
No – Sempre será adjetivo, ou seja, precisa estar
junto a um substantivo.
None – Sempre será pronome, ou seja, nunca estará
junto a um substantivo.
I have no money. = I have none.
Agora, lembrem-se de que só podemos usar “NONE”
se houver contexto.
COMPOUNDS:
SOME ANY NO Usages
Somebody Anybody Nobody Pessoas
Someone Anyone No one
Something Anything Nothing Coisas
Somewhere Anywhere Nowhere Lugares
“Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts
instead...”
“No one knows what it’s like to be the bad man, to be
the sad man behind blue eyes…”
“Anybody could be that guy…”
“Somebody to love…”
“And nothing else matters…”
“Somewhere over the rainbow…”
01 - Complete with “some”, “any” or “no”:
a. Is there _____ sweater in red colour?
Any
Some
No
Someone
b. I want _____ more wine. I’m driving home 
right now.
No
Some
Any
Something
c. I can’t see ______ mistake in that exercise.
Anybody
Any
Some
Somebody
d. Can I have _______ more coffee?
Any
No
Some
Every
e. There aren’t ________ eggs in the fridge. We 
have to go to the supermarket.
No
Some
Any
Every
f. __________ water is good for plants, but not 
too much.
Every
Some
Any
No
g. There is ________ money left in your wallet. 
You’re supposed to drop by the bank and 
withdraw some.
Any
Some
No
Every
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ENGLISH - EEAR
h. I don’t mind at all. I can use ____ of those 
beds to sleep. 
Any
Some
No
Every
i. We sell ____ stamps here. Go to the post 
office.
Some
Every
No
Any
j. Would you like _______ more cake? It’s 
delicious, isn’t it?
Any
Some
No
Every
02. Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, 
nobody, something, anything, nothing, 
somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.
 1. I know __________ about this issue that you may
find interesting, but if I tell you, you must promise to 
keep it (a) secret.
 2. __________ lives here. There is no water.
 3. I spent the night __________ near the beach.
 4. __________ could have jumped over this wall, 
and stole your rake. It's very low.
 5. __________ scares him. He's very brave.
 6. There is __________ to park here. Let's go 
__________ else to park.
 7. Would you like __________ to wash your hands?.
 8. May I have __________ for dessert, please?
 9. They took him __________ in London, and he 
never returned.
10. Please don't leave __________ behind at home. 
We'll be away for a fortnight.
11. She needs __________ to love. She's very lonely.
12. They will not sing __________ in this city. They 
said that they would never come back.
13. There isn't __________ you can do to help them. 
__________ can help them.
14. We do not need __________ else to run this 
department. We can do it ourselves.
15. __________ is ringing the bell. Go and see who it
is.
16. __________ phoned while we were out, but they 
did not leave a message.
17. __________ tells me that there is __________ 
fishy going on .
18. They are looking for __________to settle down 
and have children. They want to find a quiet place to 
lead a quiet life.
19. "Where would you like to stay?"
 "__________ will do provided it is a clean place."
20. "Is there __________ at home?"
 "I don't think there is __________. Mum and dad 
must have gone out.”
03 – Choose the alternative that completes the blank. 
(EEAR)
Some men ______ no jobs lately.
a)haven’t found
b)have found
c)doesn’t find
d)has found
04 - Choose another way of saying “There isn’t
anything really like that.” (EEAR)
a) There is nothing really like that. 
b) There is anything really like that. 
c) There aren’t no things really like that. 
d) There are much things really like that.
05| UEL 1994
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a
lacuna da frase a seguir:
- "Why didn't you buy that sweater? It was such a 
good offer!"
- "Because I didn't have __________ money on me."
a) a
b) no
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ENGLISH - EEAR
c) any
d) some
e) none
06 | UNESP 1985
Assinale a alternativa correta:
Those organisms pose __________ danger to human 
life.
a) any
b) none
c) no
d) not
e) no one
07 | UNESP 1987
Assinale a alternativa correta:
Would __________ like to hear music tonight?
a) somebody
b) someone
c) anything
d) anyone
e) something
08| JFS 2008
I do not want to stay home tonight. I want to 
go__________.
a) nowhere
b) somewhere
c) nowhere else
d) everywhere else
e) none
09 | UEL 1997 – ADAPTED
Assinale a alternativa correta:
Despite this violent activity, poltergeists in fact never 
hurt __________.
a) something
b) nothing
c) none
d) nobody
e) anybody
10 | FATEC 1999
Escolha a alternativa que mantém o mesmo 
significado de
NO ONE em "no one passes or fails a TOEFL":
a) Anybody
b) Everybody
c) Nobody
d) Somebody
e) Someone
11 | FEI 1997
Complete o diálogo:
- "Would you like __________ apples?"
- "No, thank you, I don't want __________ apple."
- "And you?"
- "Yes, I'd like __________."
a) some – any – any
b) an – any – no
c) any – no – some
d) some – any – some
e) an – some – any
12 | PUCRIO 2002
"International Herald Tribune", August 30, 2001.
– Mark the sentence that must be completed with
"anywhere":
a) The manager had to go off __________ else for an
appointment.
b) The dangerous dog was approaching but there was
__________ to hide.
c) Britney says she didn't go __________ yesterday.
d) This is part of the original castle build __________
around 1700.
e) Have you seen my glasses? I've looked
__________ for
them.
QUANTIFIERS
A: How many books do you have?
B: I have lots of books. = I have a lot of books. = I
have many books. =
 I have some books.
 I have a few books.
 I have few books.
 I don’t have any books. = I have no books.
HOW MANY: É a pergunta que fazemos para
substantivos contáveis.
Bizu: How many SEMPRE é seguido de substantivos
no plural.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
Na frase afirmativa, é comum usarmos a lot of ou lots
of. Many é considerado muito formal. Opta-se por
many nas frases negativas e interrogativas.
A few quer dizer poucos. É usado com substantivos
contáveis. 
Few, entretanto, quer dizer pouquíssimos. Também é
usado só com substantivos contáveis.
A: How much water do you drink every day?
B: I drink a lot of water = I drink lots of water. = I
drink much water.
I drink some water.
I drink a little water.
I drink little water.
I don’t drink any water. = I drink no water.
HOW MUCH: É a pergunta que fazemos para
substantivos incontáveis.
Bizu: How much SEMPRE é seguido por substantivos
no singular.
Much é usado majoritariamente em frases negativas e
interrogativas. A lot of = Lots of são mais comuns em
frases afirmativas.
A little = Significa pouco. É usado com substantivos
incontáveis.
Little = significa pouquíssimo. Também é usado com
substantivos incontáveis.
13 | UEL 1996 – ADAPTED
Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que
preenche corretamente as lacunas da frase 
apresentada:
"Did you like the film?"
"No, not very __________."
"__________ was wrong with it?"
"The actors were good but the story was too 
sentimental."
a) much – What
b) many – Why
c) few – When
d) little – How
e) so – Where
14 | UNESP 1991
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as
lacunas da frase a seguir:
Do politicians work __________ and earn 
__________ money?
a) little – many
b) very – much
c) much – few
d) little – much
e) hard – many
15 | UNESP 1993
Assinale a alternativa correta:
It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It requires 
__________ years of study.
a) many
b) much
c) little
d) lot of
e) any
16 -| UNESP 1990
How __________ shoes are there in the shop 
windows?
a) much
b) many
c) few
d) a few
e) a lot of
17 | ITA 1998
Assinale a opção cuja frase esteja gramaticalmente
correta:
a) There is fewer people at the party than Mary 
expected.
b) There is less people at the party than Mary 
expected.
c) There are less people at the party than Mary 
expected.
d) There are fewer people at the party than Mary 
expected.
e) There was less people at the party than Mary
expected.
18 | UNESP 1998
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a 
lacuna da frase adiante:
Must you always make so __________ noise?
a) much
b) many
c) most
d) few
e) less
19 - | UFSM 1999
A expressão a few numbers em "the new phones 
can be programmed to dial only a few numbers" 
indica:
a) número controlado.
b) grande quantidade.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
c) número insuficiente.
d) número ilimitado.
e) número incompleto.
SUGESTÃO DE TRADUÇÃO
Turn! Turn! Turn!
 
The Byrds
Words-adapted from The Bible, book of Ecclesiastes
Music-Pete Seeger
To Everything (Turn, Turn, Turn)
There is a season (Turn, Turn, Turn)
And a time to every purpose, under Heaven
A time to be born, a time to die
A time to plant, a time to reap
A time to kill, a time to heal
A time to laugh, a time to weep
To Everything (Turn, Turn, Turn)
There is a season (Turn, Turn, Turn)
And a time to every purpose, under Heaven
A time to build up,a time to break down
A time to dance, a time to mourn
A time to cast away stones, a time to gather stones
together
To Everything (Turn, Turn, Turn)
There is a season (Turn, Turn, Turn)
And a time to every purpose, under Heaven
A time of love, a time of hate
A time of war, a time of peace
A time you may embrace, a time to refrain from
embracing
To Everything (Turn, Turn, Turn)
There is a season (Turn, Turn, Turn)
And a time to every purpose, under Heaven
A time to gain, a time to lose
A time to rend, a time to sew
A time for love, a time for hate
A time for peace, I swear it's not too late
ANSWER-KEY:
01)
a.Any
b.No
c.Any
d.Some
e.Any
f.Some
g.No
h.Any
i.No
j.Some
02)
1.something
2.Nobody 
3.Somewhere
4Anybody
5.Nothing 
6.Nowhere. Somewhere.
7.something
8.something
9.anywhere
10.anything
11.somebody
12.anywhere
13.anything. Nobody
14.anybody
15.Somebody
16.Somebody
17.Something / something
18.somewhere
19.Anywhere
20.anybody
somebody.
03b
04)a
05)c
06)c
07)d
08)b
09)e
10)c
11)d
12)c
13)a
14)d
15)a
16)b
17)d
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http://www.vagalume.com.br/the-byrds/
ENGLISH - EEAR
18)a
19)a
CAPÍTULO 8
SIMPLE PAST / PAST SIMPLE
PAST TENSE IN ENGLISH:
Simple Past: Verb to Be
AFFIRMATI
VE
NEGATIVE Contractions INTERROGATIVE
I was I was not I wasn’t Was I …….?
You were You were not You weren’t Were you …….?
He was He was not He wasn’t Was he …….?
She was She was not She wasn’t Was she …….?
It was It was not It wasn’t Was it …….?
We were We were not We weren’t Were we …….?
You were You were not You weren’t Were you …….?
They were They were not They weren’t Were they …….?
A: Were you at home?
B: Yes, I was.
Yes, I was at home.
No, I wasn´t
No, I wasn’t at home.
to be born: nascer.
A: When were you born?
B: I was born on 20 December 1991.
to be afraid: ter medo de.
A: What were you afraid of at the age of 7?
B: I was afraid of spiders.
Question Tag
I was okay, WASN’T I?
He wasn’t sleeping, WAS HE?
They were working together, WEREN’T THEY?
We weren't paying attention, WERE WE?
-Em ingles, o “Simple Past” é usadopara se falar de
ações que aconteceram no passado e, geralmente,
não se repetem.
Quanto aos verbos, classificam-se em:
-Regular Verbs: recebem a desinência –ED
Ex: To work – worked
Irregular Verbs: não recebem a desinência.
Ex: To cut – cut
As regras para o uso do sufixo –ED para a formação 
da forma afirmativa dos verbos no passado:
1. Base form + -ED
Ex: Play → played
Listen → listened
2. Verbos terminados em –E só recebem o
–D:
Ex: Arrive → Arrived
3. Verbos terminados em consoante + y,
trocam o y por i e recebem –ED:
Ex: Study → studied
4. Os verbos monossilábicos terminados em
CVC (Consoante, Vogal e Consoante)
dobram a consoante final e recebem –
ED:
Ex: Stop → Stopped
P.s.: Lembre-se de que w e y no final de 
palavras são considerados semi-vogais!
4.1. Verbos terminados em CVC com 
duas ou mais sílabas só dobrarão a 
consoante final se a tonicidade for na 
última sílaba.
Ex: Pre’fer → Preferred.
ATTENTION:
To see, saw: “ver”
To saw, sawed: “serrar”
To find, found: “achar”
To found, founded: “fundar”
Lista de verbos irregulares:
BASE 
FORM PAST
PAST 
PARTICIPL
E
TRANSL
ATION
1. arise arose arisen surgir
2. awake awoke awakened acordar
3. be was / been ser, estar
52
ENGLISH - EEAR
were
4. bear bore born tolerar,
suportar
5. beat beat beaten bater,
derrotar
6. become became become tornar-se
7. befall befell befallen amaldiço
ar
8. begin began begun começar
9. behold beheld beheld contempl
ar
10. bend bent bent dobrar,
curvar
11. beset beset beset atorment
ar
12. bet bet bet apostar
13. bid bid / bade bid / bidden oferecer
14. bind bound bound amarrar,
fixar
15. bite bit bitten morder,
roer
16. bleed bled bled sangrar
17. blow blew blown soprar
18. break broke broken quebrar
19. breed bred bred procriar
20. bring brought brought trazer
21. build built built construir
22. burn burnt/ed burnt/ed queimar
23. burst burst burst explodir
24. buy bought bought comprar
25. cast cast cast atirar,
lançar
26. catch caught caught alcançar,
pegar
27. choose chose chosen escolher
28. cling clung clung aderir a
(idéia)
29. come came come vir
30. cost cost cost custar
31. creep crept crept arrastar-
se
32. cut cut cut cortar
33. deal dealt dealt negociar,
tratar
34. dig dug dug cavar
35. do did done fazer
36. draw drew drawn desenhar
37. dream dreamed/t dreamed/t sonhar
38. drink drank drunk beber
39. drive drove driven dirigir
40. dwell dwelt dwelt habitar /
morar
41. eat ate eaten comer
42. fall fell fallen cair
43. feed fed fed alimentar
44. feel felt felt sentir (-
se)
45. fight fought fought lutar
46. flee fled fled fugir
47. fling flung flung arremess
ar
48. fly flew flown voar
49. forbid forbade forbidden proibir
50. forecast forecast forecast predizer
51. forget forgot forgotten esquecer
52. forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
53. forsake forsook forsaken abandon
ar
54. freeze froze frozen congelar
55. get got gotten / got consegui
r
56. give gave given dar
53
ENGLISH - EEAR
57. go went gone ir
58. grind ground ground moer
59. grow grew grown crescer,
cultivar
60. hang hung hung pendurar
61. have had had ter
62. hear heard heard ouvir
63. hide hid hidden esconder
(-se)
64. hit hit hit bater,
atingir
65. hold held held segurar,
abraçar
66. hurt hurt hurt ferir (-se)
67. keep kept kept guardar,
manter
68. know knew known saber
69. lay laid laid pôr
70. lead led led conduzir,
guiar
71. lean leant/ed leant/ed encostar
72. leave left left partir,
deixar
73. lend lent lent empresta
r
74. let let let permitir,
deixar
75. lie lay lain deitar,
jazer
76. light lit lit iluminar
77. lose lost lost perder
78. make made made fazer
79. mean meant meant significar
80. meet met met encontrar
, reunir
81. mistake mistook mistaken enganar
82. mow mowed mown/ed moer
83. pay paid paid pagar
84. quit quit quit deixar de
85. read read read ler
86. ride rode ridden montar,
andar a
87. ring rang rung tocar,
soar
88. rise rose risen subir,
aumentar
89. run ran run correr
90. saw sawed sawn serrar
91. say said said dizer
92. see saw seen ver
93. seek sought sought procurar
94. sell sold sold vender
95. send sent sent enviar
96. set set set pôr,
estabele
cer
97. shake shook shaken balançar,
agitar
98. shear sheared shorn/
sheared
tosquiar /
tosar
99. shed shed shed descama
r/
derramar
100. shine shone shone brilhar
101. shoot shot shot atirar,
disparar
102. show showed shown mostrar
103. shrink shrank shrunk encolher
104. shut shut shut fechar
105. sing sang sung cantar
106. sink sank sunk afundar
107. sit sat sat sentar (-
se)
108. slay slew slain matar
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ENGLISH - EEAR
(literário)
109. sleep slept slept dormir
110. slide slid slid escorreg
ar
111. sling slung slung atirar /
arremess
ar
112. slit slit slit rachar,
cortar
113. smell smelt/ed smelt/ed cheirar/
perfumar
114. sow sowed sown/ed semear
115. speak spoke spoken falar
116. speed sped sped acelerar
117. spend spent spent gastar
118. spill spilt/ed spilt/ed derramar
119. spin spun spun girar
120. spit spat / spit spat / spit cuspir
121. split split split rachar,
dividir
122. spoil spoilt/ed spoilt/ed estragar
123. spread spread spread espalhar
124. spring sprang sprung pular,
saltar
125. stand stood stood ficar de
pé
126. steal stole stolen roubar
127. stick stuck stuck colar,
tolerar
128. sting stung stung picar,
furar
129. stink stank stunk feder /
cheirar
mal
130. stride strode stridden andar a
passo
largo
131. strike struck struck bater,
atingir
132. string strung strung esticar
133. strive strove striven esforçar-
se por
134. swear swore sworn jurar,
xingar
135. sweep swept swept varrer
136. swim swam swum nadar
137. swing swung swung balançar
138. take took taken pegar,
tomar
139. teach taught taught ensinar
140. tear tore torn rasgar
141. tell told told dizer,
contar
142. think thought thought pensar,
achar
143. throw threw thrown jogar /
lançar
144. thrust thrust thrust empurrar
145. tread trod trodden pisar
146. wake woke woken acordar
147. wear wore worn vestir,
usar
148. weave wove woven tecer
149. wed wed wed casar (-
se)
150. weep wept wept chorar
151. wet wet wet molhar
152. win won won vencer,
ganhar
153. wind wound wound ventar
154. wring wrung wrung torcer /
apertar
155. write wrote written escrever
AUXILIARY VERB:
DID
55
ENGLISH - EEAR
01 – Making questions:
Did you see “Les Misérables”?
02 Making negatives:
We did not like it.
 (didn’t)
03 – Short Answers:
A: Did you see “Smurfs 2”?
B: Yes, I did.
Yes, I saw it.
No, I didn’t.
No, I didn’t see it.
04 – To avoid the repetition of the main verb:
I loved Hamlet and she did, too.
05 – Question tag:
You loved “Dead Pool”, didn’t you?
They didn’t sleep, did they?
06 – To emphasize the main verb:
They did enjoy the party.
Used To
Dê uma olhada:
I studied a lot yesterday. X I studied in the
morning when I was a child.
Em ambas as frases, observamos o verbo
studied. No entanto, repare que a tradução
dele varia nas frases. 
“Eu estudei muito ontem.”
“Eu estudava de manhã quando eu era uma
criança.”
Em inglês, o Simple Past / Past Simple equivale ao
Pretérito Perfeito e ao Pretérito Imperfeito do
português. Só sabemos a tradução correta de acordo
com o contexto. No entanto, como língua é
simplificação, a língua inglesa criou a expressão
Used to.
Used to (costumava)
 É usado para ações que aconteciam no 
passado e já não se repetem.
AFFIRMATIVE: I used to climb trees when I 
was a child.
NEGATIVE: I didn’t use to work on Sundays.
INTERROGATIVE: Did you use to drink so 
much coffee?
WOULD
 Usado para substituir “used to”
I used to have lots of fun when I was a child.
My buddies and I would stay in the street up
to midnight.
PAST CONTINUOUS/PAST PROGRESSIVE
was/were + gerund (-ing)
I was studying English when the lights went off.
 Usa-se para ações que estavam acontecendo
no passado.
Costuma-se usar com a ideia de:
4. Interrupção: “when” = by the time.She was crossing the street when she was 
run over
 
5. Simultaneidade: “as” = while.
They were reading while she was sleeping
TO BE USED TO x TO GET USED TO
To Get Used to = Acostumar-se com
To Be Used to= Estar acostumado com
I have just moved to London.
I am getting used to driving on the left.
I’m also getting used to the food and to the 
weather.
I have been living in London for ten years. I am 
used to driving on the left and I’m also used to 
the food and to the weather.
I am used to waking up early.
EXERCISES:
Read the text and answer the questions:
The next famous woman writer to be considered is 
Dorothy Parker, an American poet, short story writer 
and literary critic who became famous in the early 
twentieth century for her witty but cynical observations
on life. She got her first paying job as a writer in 1916 
at the age of twenty-three when she began working 
56
ENGLISH - EEAR
for a women’s magazine, and nine years later she 
became a contributor to The New Yorker and regularly
had her book reviews appear in “Constant Reader”, a 
column in that magazine.
In addition to her magazine work, she published 
volumes of poetry and short stories with the recurrent 
themes of disappointment with life and the loss of 
idealism; these pessimistic themes, however, were 
presented with biting wit. One of her most famous 
observations, “Men seldom make passes / At girls 
who wear glasses”, came from the poem “News Item”,
which was published in the volume Enough Rope 
(1926). This volume of poetry was followed by Sunset 
Gun (1928), Death and Taxes (1931), and a collection
of short stories, Here Lies (1939). Her book reviews 
were published in 1970 in a volume entitled “Constant 
Reader”.
01 – According to the passage, Dorothy Parker 
was NOT famous for:
(a) Poetry
(b) Humor
(c) Book reviews
(d) Autobiography
02 – The word “observations” could best be 
replaced by:
(a) Looks
(b) Scenes
(c) Views
(d) Jokes
03 – Dorothy Parker’s first job was
(a) For a women’s magazine
(b) As a literary critic
(c) For The New Yorker
(d) As a short story writer
04 – The word “pessimistic” is closest in meaning 
to which of the following? 
(a) Related
(b) Repeated
(c) Flowing
(d) Negative
05 – The expression “biting wit” could best be 
replaced by which of the following? 
(a) Intelligence
(b) Sadness
(c) Sharp Humor
(d) Hunger
06 - Complete this story by turning the verbs in 
parentheses into the past simple:
 Once upon a time there (be) three bears: 
huge Papa Bear, ordinary Mama Bear and 
tiny little Baby Bear. They (live) in a great big 
wood. 
 One day, ordinary Mama Bear (cook) a 
delicious porridge for her family and (put) it 
into bowls: a huge bowl for huge Papa Bear, 
an ordinary bowl for ordinary Mama Bear and 
a tiny little bowl for tiny little Baby Bear. 
 To give the porridge some time to cool down, 
the three bears (go) for a walk. 
 Near the great big wood, there (live) a little girl
called Goldilocks. 
 She (be) not allowed to go into the wood. But 
one day, she (sneak) out of the house and 
(run) into the great big wood. 
 After a while, she (come) to the house of the 
three bears. 
 She (knock) at the door. She (look) through 
the windows. But nobody (seem) to be there. 
 So, little Goldilocks (step) inside. 
 In the kitchen Goldilocks (smell) the porridge. 
 She (get) very hungry and (try) the porridge in
the huge bowl - too hot. 
 Then she (taste) some of the porridge from 
the ordinary bowl - too cold. 
 But the porridge in the little bowl (be) just right
and Goldilocks (eat) it all up. 
 In the sitting-room, there (be) three chairs. 
 Goldilocks (sit) down in the huge chair - too 
hard. 
 She (not / like) the ordinary chair either - too 
soft. 
 She (love) the little chair, however. But she 
(not / sit) on that one very long, as soon it 
(break) into pieces. 
 So, Goldilocks (go) on exploring. 
 In the bedroom, there (stand) the three bears' 
beds. 
 Goldilocks suddenly (feel) very tired. 
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ENGLISH - EEAR
 She (climb) onto the huge bed - too hard. 
 Then she (crawl) into the ordinary bed - too 
soft. 
 The little bed, however, (be) just right. 
 So, Goldilocks (lie) down. 
 And in next to no time, she (fall) asleep. 
 After a while, the three bears (return) home. 
 One look at their bowls and chairs and they 
(start) wondering. Something (not / be) right. 
 They (come) into the bedroom. And there they
(see) little Goldilocks in Baby Bear's bed. 
 The three bears (watch) her for a while and 
then they (wake) her up. 
 Goldilocks (open) her eyes. 
 She (see) the bears, (begin) to scream and as
fast as she (can), Goldilocks (run) out of the 
bears' house. 
 The three bears (follow) her. 
 But at the edge of the wood, the bears 
suddenly (stop) . 
 Frightened little Goldilocks, however, (not / 
stop) . 
 She (hurry) home to her parents. 
 And she never (visit) the bears' house again.
The Grasshopper and the Ants
A grasshopper spent the summer singing and dancing
in the sun. One day he saw an ant hurrying by. She 
looked very tired and hot.
“Why are you working on such a lovely day?” asked
the grasshopper.
“I’m collecting food for the winter,” said the ant, and 
went on her way. She joined all the other ants carrying
food to their store. The grasshopper sang another 
song and carried on dancing.
When the winter (1) _____ and there was snow on the
ground, the grasshopper had nothing to eat. He was 
very hungry so, he went and asked the ants to give
him some food.
“We worked all summer to collect our food. What did 
you do?” said one of the ants.
“I (2) _____ ,” replied the grasshopper.
“Well, if you sing all summer and do no work,” said the
ant, “then you must starve in the winter.”
07 - Fill in the blanks with the suitable verb 
forms,
respectively
a. is coming / sings 
b. comes / is singing was 
c. coming / sang
d. came / was singing
08. The boy __________ a big hot dog when she 
__________ him.
a) eats / call
b) ate / calls
c) was eating / called
d) eaten / called
09. When the cat __________ the kitchen, they 
__________ TV.
a) entered / were watching
b) enters / is watching
c) enter / watch
d) entered / are watching
10. We went to the zoo and when I __________ 
pictures of the little monkeys, the children 
__________ the monkeys’ cage.
a) take / enters
b) took / enter
c) was taking / entered
d) were taking / entered
11. When you __________ me last night, Margareth 
__________ the house.
a) call / is leaving
b) called / live
c) will call / will be leaving
d) called / was leaving
12. I __________ just __________ Sarah some 
coffee when I __________ and split it on the carpet. 
Luckily, it __________ on her dress and we all 
__________ about it.
a) is ... giving / trip / doesn’t go / laugh
b) was ... giving / tripped / didn’t go / laughed
c) will ... be giving / will trip / is going / will laugh
d) am ... giving / trip / don’t go / laugh
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ENGLISH - EEAR
13. I ____________________ to London once with a 
friend, and we suddenly __________ someone 
throwing a handful of paper right out of the car in front 
of us.
a) will be drive / see
b) was driving / saw
c) am driving / will be
d) drove / would be seen
14. That bird ____________ the stars when a stone 
______ it.
a) was following / hit
b) are following / hits 
c) follows / was hitting
d) followed / hitted
15. In the following sentences give either the simple 
past or the past continuous tense form of the verb 
indicated:
(Study)
1) I _______________ very hard last night.
2) I _______________ last night when you called 
me.
(Drive)
3) We _______________ to Philadelphia last 
Sunday.
4) We _______________ at about four miles an hour
when the accident happened.
(Have)
5) We _______________ our dinner when you 
called.
6) We _______________ our dinner in 'Farol da 
Barra' last night.
(Blow)
7) The wind ________________ hard when I came 
to work this morning.
8) The wind ________________ the sign down 
yesterday.(Rain)
9) It _______________ hard last night.
10) It _______________ hard when I left the office at 
five o'clock.
(Shine)
11) The sun _______________ brightly when I got up
this morning.
12) The sun _______________ brightly this morning.
(Read)
13) At seven o'clock, when you called, I 
_________________ the newspaper.
14) I _______________ two books last week.
(Sleep)
15) I _______________ soundly when the phone 
rang.
16) I _______________ soundly last night.
(Play)
17) Mary _______________ the piano when I 
arrived.
18) Mary _______________ the piano for her guests.
16 – Complete the text below with the correct form of 
the verbs in brackets:
Footprints in the Sand
 One night I ____ I was walking along
the beach with the Lord.
 Many scenes from my life
flashed across the sky.
 In each scene I noticed
footprints in the sand.
 Sometimes there were
two sets of footprints,
 other times there were
one set of footprints.
 
 This bothered me
because I noticed
 that during the low
periods of my life,
 when I _______
___________ from
 anguish, sorrow or
defeat,
 I could see only one set of
footprints.
 
 So I said to the Lord,
 "You promised me Lord,
 that if I followed you,
 you would walk with me
always.
 But I have noticed that
during
 the most trying periods
of my life
 there have only
been one
 set of footprints
in the sand.
 Why, when I
needed you most,
 you have not
been there for me?"
 
 The Lord replied,
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ENGLISH - EEAR
 "The times when you
have
 seen only one set of
footprints in the sand,
 is when I carried you."
 Mary
Stevenson
a.dreamed / was suffering
b.dreamt / were suffering
c.dreamed / was sufferring
d.dreamed / were suffering
Read the text and answer questions 17 to 20 
(EEAR)
WEATHER WATCHERS
If you want to know what the weather is going to be 
like, you should ask a plant. According to scientists, 
plants have the uncanny power to predict the weather.
Experiments at London’s Imperial College have 
shown that plant cells react to electric current. Alerted
by the charge in the atmosphere, they recognise that 
rain may soon be on the way and prepare their roots 
and leaves to take the maximum benefit.
These findings come six months after even more 
curious research which suggests that plants can talk –
alerting each other to threats that are being posed by 
pests and viruses.
(Taken from Speak Up #131)
GLOSSARY:
uncanny = fantástico
charge = corrente elétrica
posed = apresentadas
17 - The pronoun they in “ they recognise...” (line 7) 
refers to
a) findings.
b) scientists.
c) plant cells.
d) pests and viruses.
18 - According to the text, we conclude that
a) plants can talk to each other about the weather.
b) scientists made curious discoveries about plants.
c) plants prepare their roots and leaves to generate 
electric current.
d) researches suggest that plants can respond to 
pests and viruses.
19 - The underlined verbs, in the text, are being used, 
respectively, in the:
a) simple past / gerund
b) simple past / infinitive
c) past participle / gerund
d) past participle / infinitive
20 - “threats” is
a) a verb.
b) a noun.
c) an adverb.
d) an adjective.
Read this text and answer question 21. (EEAR – 
BCT)
Traveling can be a fun adventure for children. And for 
the little ones to really have a pleasant trip, parents 
should prepare themselves. Take in carry-on a coat 
( it’s usually chilly on board), extra clothes (including 
socks), solid and easy-to-store food, games and toys 
that they are used to and that don’t make noise. 
During take-off and landing, keep the children awake 
and offer them, according to their age, breast milk if 
they are still breastfeeding, a pacifier, a bottle with 
water or gum to avoid the discomfort of pressurization.
GLOSSARY:
carry-on = bagagem de mão
chilly = frio
easy-to-store= de fácil armazenamento
breastfeeding = amamentando
pacifier = chupeta
21 - “used” and “to”, underlined in the text, are, 
respectively
a) an adjective / a preposition
b) an adjective / a part of the infinitive
c) a verb in the past tense / a preposition
d) a verb in the past participle / a part of the infinitive
Read the text and answer questions 22 to 27. (EEAR)
I’m Peter and I live in Germany. In summer I like to 
travel to Italy, because of the weather and the people 
there. Last summer I took a plane _______ Munich to 
Rome. From the airport we went to our hotel 
________ bus. We stopped at a small restaurant for a
quick meal. The driver parked the bus behind the 
restaurant. Nobody could find the bus and the driver, 
so we waited outside the restaurant for an hour. The 
driver was walking through the small park near the 
restaurant that we did not know. So we were very 
angry with him. But my holidays were great.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
(Adapted from the internet)
22 – The correct prepositions to fill in the blanks are, 
respectively:
a)for / by
b)till / with
c)from / by
d)from / on
 23 – All alternatives are in the comparative, except:
a)driver
b)greater
c)shorter
d)smaller
24 – “We stopped at a small restaurant for a quick 
meal”, (lines 5 and 6), means that they
a)had plenty of time for a meal.
b)wanted something cheap to eat.
c)had something very heavy for a meal.
d)wanted something easier and fast to eat.
25 – According to the text, all the alternatives are 
correct, except:
a)The passengers were nervous with the driver.
b)Everybody could see the driver but not the bus.
c)The passengers couldn’t see the bus and the driver.
d)The driver parked the bus at the back of the 
restaurant.
26 – “Nobody”, (line 7), can be replaced by
a)no one.
b)anybody.
c)everyone.
d)any person.
27 – The verbs, underlined in the text, are in the
a)simple past.
b)simple present.
c)present perfect.
d)past progressive.
Read the text and answer questions 28 to 31. 
(EEAR)
The US space organization, NASA developed and 
built
the first space shuttle. The shuttle was the first rocket 
to
fly into space, come back to earth and fly again. The
first shuttle to fly in space was Columbia. It took off 
on
the 12th April 1981. In January 1986 the shuttle
Challenger exploded at take-off. Everyone on the
shuttle died. This accident slowed down the shuttle
programme for the next six years. A new shuttle,
Endeavor, replaced Challenger in May 1992.
On 25th April 1990, NASA used the shuttle Discovery
to put the Hubble Space Telescope into space at a
distance of 512 kilometres from the earth. Hubble
travels around the earth and sends back photos of the
stars and planets.
GLOSSARY
NASA – National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration
28 – According to the text, the first space shuttle was
a) a rocket.
b) the stars.
c) the earth.
d) the telescope.
29 – The nouns that correspond to the verbs in bold 
type, in the text, are, respectively:
a) take off / explorer
b) take-off / explode
c) take off / exposure
d) take-off / explosion
30 – The numbers 12 th and 25 th, underlined in the 
text, are, respectively:
a) twelve / twenty-fifth
b) twelfth / twenty-fifth
c) twelve / twentieth-fifth
d) twelfth / twentieth-five
31 – All verbs below are in the past, except:
a) died 
b) built 
c) come 
d) took off 
SUGESTÕES PARA TRADUÇÃO:
BECAUSE YOU LOVED ME
For all those times you stood by me
For all the truth that you made me see
For all the joy you brought to my life
For all the wrong that you made right
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ENGLISH - EEAR
For every dream you made come true
For all thelove I found in you
I'll be forever thankful, baby
You're the one who held me up
Never let me fall
You're the one who saw me through
Through it all
You were my strength when I was weak
You were my voice when I couldn't speak
You were my eyes when I couldn't see
You saw the best there was in me
Lifted me up when I couldn't reach
You gave me faith 'cause you believed
I'm everything I am
Because you loved me, ooh, baby
You gave me wings and made me fly
You touched my hand I could touch the sky
I lost my faith, you gave it back to me
You said no star was out of reach
You stood by me and I stood tall
I had your love, I had it all
I'm grateful for each day you gave me
Maybe, I don't know that much
But I know this much is true
I was blessed because
I was loved by you
You were my strength when I was weak
You were my voice when I couldn't speak
You were my eyes when I couldn't see
You saw the best there was in me
Lifted me up when I couldn't reach
You gave me faith 'cause you believed
I'm everything I am
Because you loved me
You were always there for me, the tender wind that
carried me
The light in the dark shining your love into my life
You've been my inspiration through the lies you were
the truth
My world is a better place because of you
You were my strength when I was weak
You were my voice when I couldn't speak
You were my eyes when I couldn't see
You saw the best there was in me
Lifted me up when I couldn't reach
You gave me faith 'cause you believed
I'm everything I am
Because you loved me
You were my strength when I was weak
You were my voice when I couldn't speak
You were my eyes when I couldn't see
You saw the best there was in me
Lifted me up when I couldn't reach
You gave me faith 'cause you believed
I'm everything I am
Because you loved me
Ohhhh
I'm everything I am
Because you loved me
ANSWER-KEY
01 – According to the passage, Dorothy Parker 
was NOT famous for:
(d)Autobiography
02 – The word “observations” could best be 
replaced by:
(c)Views
03 – Dorothy Parker’s first job was
(a)For a women’s magazine
 
04 – The word “pessimistic” is closest in meaning 
to which of the following? 
(d)Negative
05 – The expression “biting wit” could best be 
replaced by which of the following? 
(c)Sharp Humor
 
06 - Complete this story by turning the verbs in 
parentheses into the past simple:
 
 WERE/LIVED . 
 COOKED/PUT . 
 WENT. 
 LIVED. 
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ENGLISH - EEAR
 WAS/SNEAKED/RAN 
 CAME. 
 KNOCKED/LOOKED/SEEMED. 
 STEPPED. 
 SMELT. 
 GOT/TRIED. 
 TASTED. 
 WAS/ATE. 
 WERE. 
 SAT. 
 DIDN'T LIKE. 
 LOVED/DIDN'T SHE/BROKE. 
 WENT. 
 STOOD. 
 FELT. 
 CLIMBEDS. 
 CRAWLED. 
 WAS. 
 LAY. 
 FELL. 
 
 RETURNED. 
 STARTED/WASN'T. 
 CAME/SAW. 
 WATCHED/WOKE. 
 OPENED. 
 SAW/BEGAN/COULD/RAN. 
 FOLLOWED. 
 STOPPED. 
 DIDN'T STOP. 
 HURRIED. 
 VISITED. 
 
 
07 - Fill in the blanks with the suitable verb forms, 
respectively
d. came / was singing
08. The boy __________ a big hot dog when she 
__________ him.
c) was eating / called
09. When the cat __________ the kitchen, they 
__________ TV.
a) entered / were watching
10. We went to the zoo and when I __________ 
pictures of the little monkeys, the children 
__________ the monkeys’ cage.
c) was taking / entered
11. When you __________ me last night, Margareth 
__________ the house.
d) called / was leaving
 
12. I __________ just __________ Sarah some 
coffee when I __________ and split it on the carpet. 
Luckily, it __________ on her dress and we all 
__________ about it.
b) was ... giving / tripped / didn’t go / laughed
13. I ____________________ to London once with a 
friend, and we suddenly __________ someone 
throwing a handful of paper right out of the car in front 
of us.
b) was driving / saw
14. That bird ____________ the stars when a stone 
______ it.
a) was following / hit
15. In the following sentences give either the simple 
past or the past continuous tense form of the verb 
indicated:
 
(Study)
1)STUDIED.
2)WAS STUDYING.
 
3)DROVE.
4)WERE DRIVING.
 
5)WERE HAVING
6)HAD.
 
7)WAS BLOWING.
8)BLEW.
 
9)RAINED.
10)WAS RAINING.
11)WAS SHINING.
12)SHONE.
 
13)WAS READING.
14)READ.
 
15)WAS SLEEPING.
16)SLEPT.
 
17)WAS PLAYING.
18)PLAYED.
 
16 – Complete the text below with the correct form of 
the verbs in brackets:
a.dreamed / was suffering
17 - The pronoun they in “ they recognise...” (line 7) 
refers to
c) plant cells.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
 
18 - According to the text, we conclude that
b) scientists made curious discoveries about plants.
 
19 - The underlined verbs, in the text, are being used, 
respectively, in the:
c) past participle / gerund
 
20 - “threats” is
b) a noun.
21 - “used” and “to”, underlined in the text, are, 
respectively
a) an adjective / a preposition
22 – The correct prepositions to fill in the blanks are, 
respectively:
c)from / by
23 – All alternatives are in the comparative, except:
a)driver
24 – “We stopped at a small restaurant for a quick 
meal”, (lines 5 and 6), means that they
d)wanted something easier and fast to eat.
 
25 – According to the text, all the alternatives are 
correct, except:
b)Everybody could see the driver but not the bus.
26 – “Nobody”, (line 7), can be replaced by
 a)no one.
 
27 – The verbs, underlined in the text, are in the
 a)simple past.
28 – According to the text, the first space shuttle was
a) a rocket.
 
29 – The nouns that correspond to the verbs in bold 
type, in the text, are, respectively:
d) take-off / explosion
 
30 – The numbers 12 th and 25 th, underlined in the 
text, are, respectively:
b) twelfth / twenty-fifth
 
31 – All verbs below are in the past, except:
c) come
CAPÍTULO 09
PERFECT TENSES
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT
have/has + Past Participle
I have seen “The Hunger Games”
Usages:
k. Ações que começaram no passado e continuam no 
presente, podendo se estender no futuro.
ex.: Jonathan has been in the Navy since last year.
l. Ações que aconteceram no passado SEM TEMPO 
DEFINIDO e que podem ser repetidas ou 
mudadas.
ex.: “...Forgive our sins as we have forgiven those 
who have sinned against us...”
m. Ações recém-terminadas, em especial com o 
advérbio “just”.
ex.: They have just gotten married.
What’s the difference?
Paulo Coelho has written another book. X Shakespeare
wrote 150 sonnets.
They have never seen the snow. X They never
saw the snow.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
I have seen “Harry Potter”. X I
saw “Twilight”.
O PRESENT PERFECT, POR EXPRESSAR AÇÕES 
RECÉM-TERMINADAS, PODE SER USADO APÓS O 
IMPERATIVO.
ex.: Look! The plane has just landed.
O PRESENT PERFECT, POR EXPRESSAR AÇÕES 
RECÉM-TERMINADAS, PODE SER USADO APÓS O 
IMPERATIVO.
ex.: Look! The plane has just landed
Key-words:
A:How long have you been married?
B:We have been married for 2 years.
 We have been married since 2013.
A:Have you ever been abroad?
B:Yes, I have already been abroad.
 No, I have never been abroad.
A:Have you finished reading the book yet?
B: Yes, I have already finished the book.
 Yes, I have just finished it.
 No, I have not finished the book yet.
We haven’t met her lately.
They have worked a lot recently.
BEEN/GONE
A: Have you heard of Sarah?
B: Yeah. She has BEEN to Italy.
A: When she did come back?
B: Just yesterday.
A: Is John at home?
B: No. He has GONE to school.
A: Okay, thanks!
B: Bye!
Tag Question:
We’ve read a lot, HAVEN’T WE?
They haven’t arrived yet, HAVE THEY?
He’s barely shown up, HAS HE
He’s slept very much, HASN’T HE?
PRESENT PERFECT PRORESSIVE
have/has + been + -ing
I have been been living in Rio since I was born.
6. It is used to focus on the action.
TAKE A L K!ʘʘ
She has been saving some money. 
She has saved £ 1,000,000.00
They have been driving for two hours.
They have driven 10 miles.
Repare! Nos pares podemos observar que o Present Perfect
Progressive foca na ação enquanto o Present Perfect
Simples foca no resultado.
What’s the difference?
I have been teaching English since 1998.
X
I have taught English since 1998,
Na primeira a ação ainda continua acontecendo.Começou
em 1998 e continua até hoje. Já, na segunda, a ação foi uma
experiência vivida no passado que pode ser repetida.
PAST PERFECT
had + Past Participle
When I got home, the game had already finished.
7. It is used to state actions which happened in the 
past before another one.
Key-words:
She had learned some English before she went to the USA.
They went on a cruise after he had proposed to her.
The film had already begun when we got to the cinema.
We had just arrived home by the time it began raining.
They had had dinner when I got there.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
had + been + “-ing”
She had been crying. Her eyes were reddish.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
8. It focuses on the past.
TAKE A L K!ʘʘ
 (ação)
They had been typing.
They’d typed five reports.
 (resultado)
 (ação)
We had been swimming.
We had swim five miles.
 (resultado)
Read the text and answer questions 01 and 02.
Ronaldo, the soccer world, confirmed his retirement 
today at the age of 34. The Brazilian legend has 
decided to hang up his boots due to injuries and a 
loss of fitness. “I’m ending my career as a 
professional soccer player. It’s been a beautiful, 
emotional, marvelous career. However, these last two 
years, I’ve had a long series of injuries, from one side 
to the other, one leg to the other, one muscle to the 
other,” the Corinthians striker said.
(Adapted from Maganews Mar 2011)
01 – The following phrases, from the text, tell that 
Ronaldo is stopping working, except:
a)”…ending my career…”
b)”…confirmed his retirement…”
c)”…decided to hang up his boots…”
d)”…have had a long series of injuries…”
02 – The verbs, underlined in the text, are in the
a)past perfect tense.
b)simple present tense.
c)present perfect tense.
d)present perfect progressive tense.
Read the text and answer questions 03 to 05.
Aspirin destroys cancer cells
Aspirin has a growing reputation as a miracle drug. 
Half a tablet a day is known to prevent a heart attack. 
A new study _____________ doctors by showing that 
it can actually slow the growth of bowel cancer cells – 
and even destroy them. The Cancer Research 
Campaign is so impressed, it is developing aspirin or 
an aspirin-like compound as an eventual cure for 
bowel cancer.
(Coleção Objetivo – Livro 35)
GLOSSARY
Bowel – intestine
03 – The correct verb form to fill in the blank is
a)is amazed
b)will amaze
c)had amazed
d)has amazed
04 – Reading the text leads to the conclusion that, 
except:
a)aspirin reduces the risk of heart attacks.
b)aspirin decelerates the progression of bowel cancer 
cells.
c)the benefits of aspiring go beyond the 
cardiovascular system.
d)a dose of aspirin a day prevents people from having
any kind of cancer.
05 – All the alternatives can complete the blank, 
except:
“Aspirin has a growing reputation… .” implies that 
aspirin ________ for its benefits.
a)is paid
b)is famed
c)is known
d)is praised
Read the text and answer questions 06, 07, 08 and 
09.
China is banning the plastic bag
China is joining a growing number of countries, states 
and cities taking action against plastic litter. It has 
pledged to ban the thinnest plastic bags from June, 
2008. The bags have contributed to floods and health 
problems. They block drains and provide perfect, 
warm pools for mosquitoes and other insects to breed.
China followed Hong Kong’s example. Hong Kong has
introduced a bill to impose a tax on plastic bags.
Chinese officials have also consulted Bangladesh, the
first large country to ban bags, in 2002. The plastic 
bags were a major cause of flooding. At least 40 
countries, states, and major cities have imposed, or 
are considering, bans. For example, Rwanda and 
Eritrea have banned the bags and Tanzania has 
stopped all imports and manufacture of bags. Other 
countries, like Papua New Guinea, Bhutan, Zanzibar 
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and Botswana, have also banned plastic bags and 
introduced taxes.
Attitudes are also changing fast in industrialized 
countries. Ireland imposed a tax in 2002. Australia is 
planning to introduce a ban this year. San Francisco 
and Oakland in California are forcing
shops to use bags made of at least 40 percent 
recycled paper.
The global plastics industry is estimated to make and 
distribute between 500 billion and a trillion bags a 
year. The industry has fought back against bans. It 
argues that plastics are more compact and take up 
less space in landfills. It says paper bags require more
energy to produce. It also says paper bags generate 
more waste and burn less cleanly.
GLOSSARY:
to pledge = comprometer-se
drain = esgoto, cano
to impose = impor, obrigar
landfill = aterro sanitário
06 – The opposite of “against”, underlined twice in the 
text, is
a) for.
b) about.
c) through.
d) towards.
07 – Which verb tense , predominant in the text, talks 
about the attitudes of countries, states and cities 
towards plastic litter?
a) simple past
b) simple present
c) present perfect
d) present continuous
08 – According to the text, it isn’t correct to affirm that
a) some countries have already banned plastic bags.
b) China has been engaged to ban plastic bag from 
this year.
c) the global plastics industry presented only one 
strong argument against bans.
d) besides flood, plastic bags have also contributed to 
some more problems.
09 – According to the text, we conclude that
a) industries have made bags of recycled paper.
b) just a few officials don’t import plastic bags 
anymore.
c) several places are imposing or thinking about a ban
on
plastic bags.
d) some countries intend to force plastic industries to 
distribute
less plastic bags.
Read the article and answer questions 10 to 13..
Thick smog in China forced airlines to cancel 
flights, as heavy-polluting factories in Beijing were 
temporarily shut down to ease the pollution. 
Street lamps and outlines of buildings were 
barely visible in the Chinese capital, as pedestrians 
donned face masks to guard against the smoke. The 
government advised residents to stay indoors as 
much as possible because the pollution was “severe”.
The flight cancellations prevented the 
passengers 
from flying during the first week of the country’s 
busiest period of travel, due to the Chinese New Year 
on February 10. Many passengers were left waiting at 
the airport, as information was scarce. 
GLOSSARY 
smog – neblina misturada com poluição, nevoeiro 
com 
fumaça
10 – According to the article, we can infer that heavy-
polluting factories in Beijing 
a) were advised to cease operations for good. 
b) had to suspend their production because of flight 
cancellations. 
c) had to stop operating for a short time in an attempt 
to reduce smog levels. 
d) were closed down because of the effects of 
industrial pollution on the population. 
11 – In “Street lamps and outlines of buildings were 
barely visible …”, it means that they were 
a) visible only with great effort. 
b) not visible at all. 
c) clearly visible. 
d) highly visible. 
12 – In “... pedestrians donned face masks to guard 
against the smoke.”, it means that 
a) masks had to be worn to avoid breathing deadly 
fumes. 
b) pedestrians had their masks on so as to stop them 
from breathing. 
c) pedestrians had to put face masks on to protect 
themselves against smoke. 
d) pedestrians were given face masks by the 
government owing to “severe” pollution in Beijing. 
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13 – The last paragraph reveals that 
a) passengers usually get stuck during Chinese New 
Year
celebrations. 
b) the passengers were stranded at the airport 
because of flight cancellations. 
c) the airport gets busy for the best part of February 
due to Chinese New Year celebrations. 
d) the airlines were forced to cancel their flights 
because there were no more seats available. 
Read the text and answer questions 14 to 17.
The Eiffel Tower is probably the most famous and 
distinctive building in Paris, but before I saw it for the 
first time, when I was about 23, I had thought ofit as 
an impressive piece of grey metal. Obviously it had 
been a contemporary design back in the nineteenth 
century when it was built, but even then, most 
Parisians had hated it. And it did nothing for me. So 
when I first went to Paris I didn’t rush to visit it. Then 
one day the friend I was with insisted that we went to 
see it. We got out of the Metro and turned a corner 
and there it was. It was huge! What surprised me was 
that it had a colour, a kind of dull brown. Then there 
was the beauty of the iron work. It was so delicate. 
Look up and up and up and finally you see the top. It 
has no function, but perhaps that’s part of the 
attraction. I love it!
GLOSSARY:
distinctive = característico, distintivo.
14 - “ dull ” (line 12) means
a) not interesting.
b) not beautiful.
c) not bright.
d) not clear.
15 - The use of past perfect (line 3) shows
a) an indefinite time in past.
b) that something will be done.
c) that the action is reflected on a recent present.
d) that someone had done something when 
something else
happened.
16 - The pronoun “it”, underlined in the text, refers to
a) Parisians.
b) the design.
c) the building.
d) the nineteenth century.
17 – Choose the alternative that completes the blank.
Some men ______ no jobs lately.
a)haven’t found
b)have found
c)doesn’t find
d)has found
Read the text and answer questions 18 to 23.
Women in Control
A survey__________ that British men are happy to let 
their wives make all the decisions in the home and 
often ask them to control the domestic finances.
Women also take the lead in disciplining children, with
only ten percent of men now involving themselves in 
what used to be seen as a male preserve.
Women also dictate where to go on holiday and what 
friends to see. But when it comes to television and 
cars, men still want to rule the roost. Nearly a third of 
the men in this recent survey confessed to deciding 
what TV programs were watched, regardless of what 
their partners might want to see, and only 12 per cent 
of women had a say in buying a new family car.
( Speak up # 137)
GLOSSARY
to rule the roost – ditar as regras
18 – Choose the correct verb form to fill in the blank.
a) will find
b) has found
c) could have found
d) would have found
19 – According to the text,
a) men do not respect their wives decisions.
b) only women take the lead to everything in the 
house.
c) there is a role confusion between husbands and 
wives.
d) men prefer when their wives control the domestic 
budget.
20 – “...wives...” (line 2), have the same plural form 
as, except
a) life
b) shelf
c) thief
d) belief
21 – “their and themselves”, underlined in the text, are
respectively
a) relative pronoun / objective pronoun
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b) possessive pronoun / reflexive pronoun
c) reflexive pronoun / possessive adjective
d) possessive adjective / reflexive pronoun
22 – Based on the text, all the statements below are 
correct, except
a) women also decide where to go on holiday.
b) British men agree that their wives make the 
decisions in the home.
c) a small percentage of women help their husbands 
choose a new family car.
d) only ten percent of women involve themselves in
disciplining children.
23 – “regardless”, (line 11), is similar in meaning to
a) despite
b) besides
c) without
d) throughout
SUGESTÕES DE TRADUÇÃO:
I STILL HAVEN’T FOUND WHAT I’M LOOKING FOR
– U2
I have climbed the highest mountains
I have run through the fields
Only to be with you
Only to be with you
I have run, I have crawled
I have scaled these city walls
These city walls
Only to be with you
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
I have kissed honey lips
Felt the healing fingertips
It burned like fire
This burning desire
I have spoken with the tongue of angels
I have held the hand of the devil
It was warm in the night
I was cold as a stone
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
I believe in the Kingdom Come
Then all the colours will bleed into one
Bleed into one
But yes I'm still running
You broke the bonds
And you loosed the chains
Carried the cross and
All my shame
All my shame
You know I believe it
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
But I still haven't found what I'm looking for
"Try" – NELLY FURTADO
All I know
Is everything is not as it's sold
but the more I grow the less I know
And I have lived so many lives
Though I'm not old
And the more I see, the less I grow
The fewer the seeds the more I sow
Then I see you standing there
Wanting more from me
And all I can do is try
Then I see you standing there
Wanting more from me
And all I can do is try
I wish I hadn't seen all of the realness
And all the real people are really not real at all
The more I learn, the more I learn 
The more I cry, the more I cry
As I say goodbye to the way of life
I thought I had designed for me
Then I see you standing there
Wanting more from me
And all I can do is try
Then I see you standing there
I'm all I'll ever be
But all I can do is try
Try
All of the moments that already passed
We'll try to go back and make them last
All of the things we want each other to be
We never will be
And that's wonderful, and that's life
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ENGLISH - EEAR
And that's you, baby
This is me, baby
And we are, we are, we are, we are
Free
In our love
We are free in our love
ANSWER-KEY:
01 – The following phrases, from the text, tell that 
Ronaldo is stopping working, except:
d)”…have had a long series of injuries…”
 
02 – The verbs, underlined in the text, are in the
c)present perfect tense.
03 – The correct verb form to fill in the blank is
d)has amazed
 
04 – Reading the text leads to the conclusion that, 
except:
d)a dose of aspirin a day prevents people from having
any kind of cancer.
 
05 – All the alternatives can complete the blank, 
except:
 
“Aspirin has a growing reputation… .” implies that 
aspirin ________ for its benefits.
a)is paid
 06 – The opposite of “against”, underlined twice in the
text, is
a) for.
 
07 – Which verb tense , predominant in the text, talks 
about the attitudes of countries, states and cities 
towards plastic litter?
c) present perfect
 
08 – According to the text, it isn’t correct to affirm that
c) the global plastics industry presented only one 
strong argument against bans.
 
09 – According to the text, we conclude that
c) several places are imposing or thinking about a ban
on plastic bags.
 10 – According to the article, we can infer that heavy-
polluting factories in Beijing 
c) had to stop operating for a short time in an attempt 
to reduce smog levels. 
 
11 – In “Street lamps and outlines of buildings were 
barely visible …”, it means that they were 
a) visible only with great effort. 
12 – In “... pedestrians donned face masks to guard 
against the smoke.”, it means that 
c) pedestrians had to put face masks on to protect 
themselves against smoke. . 
 
13 – The last paragraph reveals that 
a) passengers usually get stuck during Chinese New 
Year celebrations. 
 
14 - “ dull ” (line 12) means
c) not bright.
 
15 - The use of past perfect (line 3) shows
d) that someone had done something when 
something else happened.
 
16 - The pronoun “it”, underlined in the text, refers to
c) the building.
17 – Choose the alternative that completes the blank.
Some men ______ no jobs lately.
b)have found
 
18 – Choose the correct verb form to fill in the blank.
b) has found
 
19 – According to the text,
d) men prefer when their wives control the domestic 
budget.
 
20 – “...wives...” (line 2), have the same plural form 
as, except
d) belief
 
21 – “their and themselves”, underlined in the text, are
respectively
d) possessive adjective / reflexive pronoun
 
22 – Based on the text, all the statements below are 
correct, except
c) a small percentage of women help their husbands 
choose a new family car.
23 – “regardless”, (line 11), is similar in meaningto
a) despite
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CAPÍTULO 10
MODAL VERBS
CAPÍTULO 10
MODAL VERBS
ABILITY/CAPACITY
 Present: can
 Negative: cannot/can’t
I can speak English.
She can run five miles in half an hour.
What’s the difference?
I speak Portuguese. X I 
can speak English.
PAST: could not/couldn’t
Could they speak Russian at the age of 10?
I could swim when I was nine years old.
to be able to
to be capable of
* Both can be used in all the verbal tenses.
I can speak English. = I am able to speak English = I 
am capable of speaking English.
REQUEST:
MAY (FORMAL)
SHALL
COULD/MIGHT
CAN (INFORMAL)
May I help you, sir?
Shall I help you?
Might I help you?
Could I help you?
Can I help you, “nem”?
Reparem que os verbos podem ser usados em todas
as frases. A mudança está na semântica. 
PERMISSION (Affirmative Form)
You may wear bermudas in the classroom.
She might use a dictionary.
They could talk to each other during their break.
They can use their notebooks.
NECESSITY
Need
They need to study hard. (Am. E.)
They need study hard. (Br. E.)
ADVICE / SUGGESTION
Should = Ought to
A: I’ve got a headache. What should I do?
B: You should relax a little
1: I’ve got a stomachache. What ought I to do?
2: You ought to see a doctor.
p.s.: Should e Ought to são sinônimos. 
Ought to costuma ser usado majoritariamente na
forma afirmativa.
RECOMMENDATION:
Had better
You’d better not lie to your mother. She’ll certainly find
that out. She’s quite smart, isn’t she???
OBLIGATION
Have to = Have got to
Must
You’ve got to do your homework
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ENGLISH - EEAR
You must shave yourself every single day if you’re a
military.
NO NECESSITY
Doesn’t / Don’t have to
Doesn’t / Don’t have to
Need not / Needn’t
You don’t have to wake up early on Sundays.
You needn’t wake up early on Sundays.
PROHIBITION:
Must not / Mustn’t
Cannot / Can’t
Shall not / Shan’t
No + -ing
You mustn’t smoke in here.
 You can’t smoke in here.
 You shan’t smoke in here.
 No smoking in here.
POSSIBILITY
Must – 90%
May – 75%
Shall – 60 %
Can – 50%
Might – Could – 25%
Cannot – Mustn’t – 0%
A: Where are the guys?
B: They might be at SubwayThey
always eat there.
“It can’t be flood! It’s so sunny!”
MODALS IN THE PAST
Modal + Have + Past Participle
A: How come Bob argued with the waiter?
B: The food must have been awful!
1: Have you heard of Susan?
2: Yep. Poor her! She’s just passed away.
1: Yeah. She should have stopped smoking, but she
was stubborn as a mule.
2: May her rest in peace.
01 – Choose the best alternative to have the
paragraph completed correctly.
The stepmother smiled and said: “Of course
you ___ go, Cinderella. If you ____ your work first
and if you _____ a dress to wear.”
a)may – do – have
b)could – was – bought
c)might – are doing – lend
d)ought to – would finish – washed
Read the text and answer question 02.
The 7 New Wonders of the World were announced at
a ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal, ___ 07-07-07 and the
Statue of Christ the Redeemer, in Rio de Janeiro, is
one of them.
Since 2001 over 100 million people worldwide voted
___ their favorite monuments by telephone and ___
the Internet. The Statue of Christ was the third-most
voted. It is 38 meters tall and took five years to be
built. It is on top of the hill, Corcovado, and was
opened in 1931. The inclusion of the Statue of Christ
amongst the New 7 Wonders of the World should
boost tourism in Brazil.
The Ministry of Tourism believes that over the next
few years ____ 250,000 new jobs will be created in
the tourism sector.
(Adapted from a Maganews Article)
GLOSSARY:
To boost = impulsionar
Amongst = entre, no meio de
02 - The modal “should”, underlined in the text, is
being used as
a)advice
b)request
c)permission
d)expectation
Read the joke and answer the question.
Teacher: “Johnny, how can you prove the world is 
round?”
Johnny: “I never said it was, miss.”
03 – The modal verb, underlined in the dialog, 
expresses
a) ability.
b) advice.
c) possibility.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
d) permission.
Read the text and answer questions 04 and 05.
Different ways of talking
Both Joy and Tommy are growing up in the culture of 
the United States. They are learning what it means to 
be a girl and a boy in this culture. Their sex at birth, 
female or male, is now becoming a gender – a way of 
thinking, speaking, and acting that is considered 
feminine or masculine. Each culture has its own way 
of defining gender, and very early in life gender 
becomes a basic part of a person’s identity.
In the United States and Canada, boys and girls 
usually play in the same sex groups. Boys play in 
large groups in which every boy knows his place. 
Some are leaders; others are followers. Many boys 
like to get attention by boasting, or talking how well 
they can do things.
Girls, on the other hand, usually play in smaller 
groups. They may be interested in playing fairly and 
taking turns. For example, when jumping rope, the 
rope-holders always take their turn jumping.
Dr.Tannen, a professor at Georgetown University, has 
found that these differences are reflected in the ways 
that children use language while they play. Boys often 
use commands when they talk to each other while 
girls use the form “let’s” when they want to express 
their preferences, emphasizing the fact that all of them
belong to the same group.
These differences seem to be part of growing up in 
the culture of the United States. If men and women 
can understand that many of their differences are 
cultural, not personal, they may be able to improve 
their relationships and understand that there is more 
than one way to communicate.
04 – In the sentence “Can you hand me the rope?”, 
can
expresses
a) ability.
b) request.
c) permission.
d) possibility.
05 – “They may be interested in playing fairly...”, (line 
17), means that they
a) jump rope quite well.
b) believe in fairy godmothers.
c) enjoy playing in small groups.
d) like to play in a way that is honest.
Read the text and answer question 06.
How horses can sleep standing up and
not fall over?
Most of us need eight hours sleep a night. Horses can
get by with only half that amount – and unlike us they 
are able to fall asleep standing up, without falling over!
In the wild, horses are prey to wolves and other 
animals. Lying down, they are much more vulnerable 
than they are standing up. So over millions of years 
their bodies have developed a way of staying upright 
even when they are asleep. Although most horses no 
longer live in the wild, they can still fall asleep as their 
ancestors used to.
The reason they are able to do this is a unique system
of ligaments – the cords which bind bones together . A
horse’s ligaments act like a sling over its whole body. 
These can lock its joints into a fixed position, so it can 
stand upright without any conscious muscular effort 
while it sleeps. It is a pity human beings have not 
developed a way of doing this. It could be very handy 
for long queues or travelling on crowded trains!
GLOSSARY:
prey: presa
(to)bind: atar; ligar; amarrar
sling: ligadura
like: como
queue: fila
 
06 – “are able to”, (line 12), can be replaced by
a) can.
b) may.
c) could.
d) should.
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Read the cartoon and answer question 07:
07 - According to the cartoon,
a) the daughter was worried about her mother.
b) the mother didn’t know what her daughter wanted.
c) the mother wanted her daughter to be more 
respectful.
d) neither the girl nor the mother knew what they
wanted.
Read the extract and answer question 08.
Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She is from India.” I’m 
afraid to try new foods because they might contain 
beef.
I’m a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat meat 
from the cow. That’s why I can’t eat hamburgers or 
spaghetti with meatballs.”
08 - The modal verb, underlined in the extract, 
expresses
a) advice.
b) ability.
c) possibility.
d) permission.
Read the text and answer question 09.
Tongue Studs Cause Infections
The British Dental Associationhas reported that the
tongue studs used in tongue piercing cause infections,
orthodontic problems and speech impediments. 
__________, studs are at risk of being swallowed or 
inhaled if they become loose, not to mention causing 
tongues to become swollen, which then interferes with
breathing in some cases. The Association also 
warned that non-sterilized equipment could lead to 
HIV and hepatitis.
GLOSSARY:
studs: pinos
09- A similar meaning to “could”, (line 8), is
a) may.
b) must.
c) have to.
d) ought to.
Read the dialogue and answer question 10.
The following dialogue takes place between two 
native speakers of English in the lower airspace in the
vicinity of a major airport.
Two aircraft __________ towards the airfield:
Pilot – Fox Charlie speaking.
Who’s ahead ... us or Golf Yankee?
Controller – Well... you’re neck and neck.
Pilot – We can keep a high speed in the descent if 
you want us to.
Controller – I don’t know how the TMA are going to 
plan this. You can if you wish.
Pilot – You’re the boss.
Controller – Well they’ll be the boss when you get 
down there. I’m just sort of keeping you apart for the 
moment.
Pilot – Understood.
GLOSSARY:
vicinity = proximidade
Fox Charlie = nome da aeronave
Golf Yankee = nome da aeronave
TMA = refere-se ao órgão de controle de tráfego 
aéreo
10 – In “We can keep a high speed in the descent if 
you want us to.”, we can infer that the pilot is
a) asking if the descent speed is correct.
b) complaining about the descent speed.
c) warning the controller about the descent speed.
d) saying that he is willing to maintain a high speed 
under the controller’s authorization.
Read the dialog and answer question 11.
Doing things
Evan: Hey, Chloe. What are you doing?
Chloe: I’m drawing a picture for the story I wrote in 
school today.
Evan: Oh, yeah? Terrific. Can I see it? It’s very pretty. I
like the colors.
Chloe: Thanks, Dad.
Evan: Chloe, go look in the kitchen. Is Mom _____ 
coffee?
Chloe: Uh, no, Daddy, she’s still _______ the dishes.
Evan: Oh. I guess I can wait a few minutes. I have to 
make a call.
Chloe: Are you calling Grandma?
Evan: No. It’s a business call.
(Taken from American Streamline)
GLOSSARY
to guess - achar, imaginar
11 - In ”Can I see it?”, (line 4), the modal verb “can” 
gives us an idea of
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ENGLISH - EEAR
a) ability.
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) probability.
12 - Fill in the blank with the suitable option:
“… a customs duty of 50% shall be levied on the
exceeding amount.”, (lines 14 and 15), leads to the
conclusion that a tax __________ be charged by
customs when a traveler exceeds the purchase
ceiling.
a)may
b)won’t
c)might
d)has to
Read the paragraph and answer question 13.
Angry Birds
Angry Birds are fat and round. Angry Birds cannot fly.
But Angry Birds are superstars. Millions of people
around the world are addicted to them. It’s the number
one game for smartphones.
(Adapted from Speak Up #295)
GLOSSARY:
Addicted to – viciado em
13 - The affirmative form of the underlined modal verb,
in the paragraph, expresses:
a.obligation
b.necessity
c.advice
d.ability
Read the dialog and answer question 14.
A: Sorry I arrived late, Mr. Bloom. I had some car
trouble this morning.
B: No problem, Kathy. Try to be here on time
tomorrow.
A: Thanks, Mr. Bloom.
14 - In “Try to be here on time tomorrow.”, the
sentence means that she _______________.
a)should arrive on the dot.
b)mustn’t arrive on time.
c)might arrive earlier.
d)can’t arrive late.
Read the text and answer question 15.
The food that everyone loves
Several studies in recent years have found that
chocolate could be more beneficial than harmful. It
can be bad for you if you overdo it: in this case, it can
trigger migraines or digestive disorders, besides
making you fat. Doctors and nutritionists recommend
that daily consumption should not exceed 50 grams.
The good thing about chocolate, especially dark
chocolate, is that it has a high level of substances
called flavonoids, which help reduce the risk of heart
disease. Besidesbeing delicious, chocolate is
nutritious because it contains vitamins A, B, C, D and
E, and minerals – such as iron and phosphorus.
15 – In “It can be bad for you if you overdo it…”, the
text suggests that chocolate
a)could cause deadly diseases
b)may help people lose weight
c)can be harmful to people over a certain age
d)should not be consumed in large quantities every
day.
Read the text and answer question 16.
Smart traveler, expert opinion about the airport
The first piece of advice is, people should always
carry a good book. It helps to pass the time as you
wait for your delayed flight. Don’t forget to take a
sweater or a jacket on the plane. It can get very cold
on a long night flight. And then there is airline food.
Take a snack (cookies or fruit) with you. Sometimes
the food is late, sometimes it doesn’t arrive at all,
and it’s never very good.
16 – In “…people should always carry a good book”, 
should is used to
a) give an order.
b) show surprise.
c) ask for permission.
d) give a pice of advice.
Read the text and answer question 17.
During a two-day referendum last week, the
people of the Falkland Islands (known in Brazil as
“Malvinas”) voted overwhelmingly to remain a British
overseas territory. 
Shortly after the referendum result, David
Cameron, the British Prime Minister, said that
Argentina must respect the wishes of the Falkland
islanders.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
“They want to remain British and that view should be
respected by everybody, including by Argentina”, Mr.
Cameron said. 
 (Adapted from www.telegraph.co.uk) 
GLOSSARY 
overwhelmingly – em uma maioria esmagadora; em
uma 
grande maioria 
17 – In “...Argentina must respect the wishes of…”the
underlined word can be replaced by 
a) would like to. 
b) is likely to. 
c) is able to. 
d) needs to. 
Read the text and answer question18.
EARPRINTS
First there were fingerprints, then came DNA profiling 
to aid the police in finding criminals. And now we’ve 
gone one step further still: earprints. British police 
have begun putting together a database of criminal’s 
earprints.
Just like fingerprints, no two ear lobe prints are exactly
the same, and earprints can be found with remarkable
ease at many crimes sites. Unwary burglars often 
leave an earprint when
listening at windows and doors before they commit 
their crime.
Roger Summers, head of Derbyshire Police’s 
scientific support unit, admits that it is not foolproof. 
“Nobody has been convicted purely on earprint 
evidence. It may be that earprints will not stand up in 
court in the same way as fingerprints, but they could 
be useful corroborative evidence,” he says.
(Taken from Speak Up # 134)
GLOSSARY:
lobe = lóbulo
remarkable = notável
unwary = descuidado
foolproof = infalível
corroborative = corroborative
18 - The modal verbs, underlined in the text, are 
expressing, respectively:
a) possibility / ability
b) permission / advice
c) deduction / possibility
d) possibility / possibility
19 | UNIRIO 1995 – ADAPTED
Research shows that sunscreens may not be as 
effective
as hoped at preventing sunburn. Users may be 
spending
long hours in the sun with a false sense of security.
– The word MAY expresses the idea of:
a) permission.
b) possibility.
c) prohibition.
d) obligation.
e) expectation.
20 | FUVEST 1979
He __________ avoid __________ mistakes.
a) ought – making
b) must – make
c) shall – make
d) needs – make
e) should – making
21 | FGV 1995 – ADAPTED
__________ we conclude, in line with the opinions of 
some scholars, that black Nigerians are genetically 
more intelligent than Europeans?
– Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que 
preenche corretamente a lacuna do texto:
a) Have
b) Are
c) Can
d) Is
e) Had
22 | UEL 1994
Assinale a alternativa correta:
We __________ hurry. The bus leaves in 10 minutes.
a) can
b) must
c) do
d) did
e) would 
23 | UEL 1994- "Excuse me, sir. __________ you tell me the time?"
- "Sure, it's 5:20."
a) May
b) Do
c) Can
d) Have
e) Shall
Read the dialogue and answer questions 24 and 25. 
Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired. 
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Mom: He may have stayed up all night. 
24– “May”, in bold type in the dialogue, expresses 
a) impossibility. 
b) possibility. 
c) permission. 
d) certainty. 
25 – “So”, underlined in the text, is closest in meaning
to 
a) such 
b) much 
c) many 
d) very
SUGESTÃO PARA TRADUÇÃO
SKATER BOY – AVRIL LAVIGNE
He was a boy, she was a girl
Can I make it anymore obvious?
He was a punk, she did ballet
What more can I say?
He wanted her, she'd never tell
Secretly she wanted him as well
And all of her friends stuck up their nose
They had a problem with his baggy clothes
He was a skater boy, she said "see you later boy"
He wasn't good enough for her
She had a pretty face
But her head was up in space
She needed to come back down to earth
Five years from now, she sits at home
Feeding the baby, she's all alone
She turns on tv, guess who she sees?
Skater boy rockin' up MTV
She calls up her friends, they already know
And they've all got tickets to see his show
She tags along, stands in the crowd
Looks up at the man that she turned down
He was a skater boy
She said "see you later boy"
He wasn't good enough for her
Now he's a superstar
Slammin' on his guitar
Does your pretty face see what he's worth?
He was a skater boy
She said "see you later boy"
He wasn't good enough for her
Now he's a superstar
Slammin' on his guitar
Does your pretty face see what he's worth?
Sorry girl, but you missed out
Well, tough luck, that boy's mine now
We are more than just good friends
This is how the story ends
Too bad that you couldn't see
See the man that boy could be
There is more than meets the eye
I see the soul that has in inside
He's just a boy and I'm just a girl
Can I make it anymore obvious?
We are in love, haven't you heard
How we rock each others world?
I'm with the skater boy
I said "see you later boy"
I'll be backstage after the show
I'll be at the studio
Singing the song we wrote
About the girl you used to know
I'm with the skater boy
I said "see you later boy"
I'll be backstage after the show
I'll be at the studio
Singing the song we wrote
About the girl you used to know
ANSWER-KEY
01 – 
a)may – do – have
02 - 
d)expectation
 
03 – 
a) ability.
04 – In the sentence “Can you hand me the rope?”, 
can
expresses
b) request.
 
05 – “They may be interested in playing fairly...”, (line 
17), means that they
d) like to play in a way that is honest.
 
06 – “are able to”, (line 12), can be replaced by
a) can.
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Read the cartoon and answer question 07:
 
07 - According to the cartoon,
c) the mother wanted her daughter to be more 
respectful.
 08 - The modal verb, underlined in the extract, 
expresses
c) possibility.
 
09- A similar meaning to “could”, (line 8), is
a) may.
10 – In “We can keep a high speed in the descent if 
you want us to.”, we can infer that the pilot is
d) saying that he is willing to maintain a high speed 
under the controller’s authorization.
 
11 - In ”Can I see it?”, (line 4), the modal verb “can” 
gives us an idea of
c) permission.
 
12 - Fill in the blank with the suitable option:
d)has to
 
13 - The affirmative form of the underlined modal verb,
in the paragraph, expresses:
d.ability
 
14 - In “Try to be here on time tomorrow.”, the 
sentence means that she_______________.
a)should arrive on the dot.
15 – In “It can be bad for you if you overdo it…”, the 
text suggests that chocolate
d)should not be consumed in large quantities every 
day.
 16 – In “…people should always carry a good book”, 
should is used to
d) give a pice of advice.
 
17 – In “...Argentina must respect the wishes of…”the 
underlined word can be replaced by 
d) needs to. 
 
18 - The modal verbs, underlined in the text, are 
expressing, respectively:
d. possibility / possibility
19 – b
20 – e
21 -c
22 – b
23 – a
24 – b
25 – d
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CAPÍTULO 11
FUTURE IN ENGLISH
I. will
Contraction: ‘ll
will not: won’t
1. Instant Decision
A: It’s hot in here.
B: Yeah! I will turn the air conditioning on.
2. Distant Future
Will mankind continue existing by 3016?
3. Unlikely Future
Look at the sky! There are few clouds. I think it will
rain
SHALL /SHALL NOT / SHAN’T
No inglês britânico, shall é sinônimo de will e só é 
usado para “I” e “We”.
1. Instant Decision
A: It’s cold in here.
B: Yeah! I shall make you some tea.
2. Distant Future
Shall we continue working for BAF up to 2050?
3. Unlikely Future
I shall visit my family next month
II. to be + going to
Informally: going to = gonna
1. Planed Future
They are going to travel next weekend.
2. Close Future
What are you going to do next weekend?
3. Likely Future
They are driving so recklessly that they are going to
cause a car crash.
III – Present Continuous expressing a future idea:
They are visiting us.
É usado quando todos os detalhes já estão
acertados. Só falta acontecer. Não se usa para
fenômenos naturais ou eventos esportivos.
TAKE A LOOK!!
They will get married in December.
They are going to get married in December.
They are getting married in December.
IV. Simple Present Expressing a Future Idea
The airplane takes off at 5:00 p.m. tomorrow.
The show starts at 10 p.m. on Saturday.
É usado para eventos num futuro próximo.
CONDITIONAL
WOULD
Contraction: ‘d
Negative: would not = wouldn’t
Usages:
01 – Offers:
Would you like some wine?
02 – To soften the language:
I would love to talk to you.
03 – Hypothetical conditions in the present.
If I had £50,000, I would buy a new TV set.
04 – Quite formally, used to can be replaced by
would.
I would play in the streets when I was a kiddo.
P.s.: Had e Would possuem a mesma contração: ‘d
Atente para o seguinte:
Would + Base Form
I’d go to England if I had some extra money.
Had + Past Participle
I’d had dinner when she arrived.
EXERCISES:
01 | UNESP 1995
Assinale a alternativa que preenche a lacuna da frase
a
seguir corretamente:
He will __________ almost everything you ask him.
a) do
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ENGLISH - EEAR
b) to do
c) doing
d) does
e) did
02 | UNESP 1998
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a
lacuna da frase adiante:
I'll __________ soccer this afternoon.
a) playing
b) played
c) to play
d) play
e) plays
03 | UEL 1998 – ADAPTED
That's exactly what you __________ experience 
aboard
the high speed Eurostar passenger train.
– A lacuna do texto é corretamente preenchida por:
a) are
b) had
c) does
d) go
e) will
04 | MACKENZIE 2002
Indicate the correct alternative:
Julia isn't going to London. __________ you going
__________?
a) Aren't – either
b) Aren't – too
c) Are – neither
d) Are – either
e) Are – too
05 | ITA 2002 – ADAPTED
Qual das expressões sublinhadas a seguir NÃO 
indica
expectativa/ação futura?
a) Democrats hope to capitalize on public 
disenchantment
with the Bush energy plan.
b) Who shall run the program – the Medicare system 
or
states and private insures?
c) A fast-track bill without provisions to protect the
environment or international labor standards will face
trouble.
d) They expect a fight if Daschle concludes that the 
White
House is trying to pack the judiciary with conservative
activists.
e) They expect a fight if Daschle concludes that the 
White
House is trying to pack the judiciary with conservative
activists.
06 | FEI 2000
"I don't think". Coloque na forma positiva e no tempo
futuro:
a) I do think.
b) I am thinking.
c) I think.
d) I won't think.
e) I'll think.
07 | PUCRIO 2000
In the sentence "For the first time in human history, 
early
in the next millennium, there will be more people living
in
cities than on the rest of the planet", the future form is
used to express a prediction. In which of the 
alternatives
below is the future form used to express a similar 
idea?
a) Will someone help me with the luggage?
b) It will snow heavily in two days' time.
c) If it rains, the match willbe cancelled.
d) Don't worry. I'll watch your dog carefully.
e) Waiter, I'll have some salad for lunch.
08 | UEL 2000 – ADAPTED
Na frase "You'll find some monster savings on books 
at
amazon.co.uk", a forma verbal em YOU'LL indica:
a) hábito.
b) futuro.
c) necessidade.
d) permissão.
e) vontade.
09 | PUCPR 2006
I'm sorry, but I __________ able to meet you for lunch
tomorrow.
a) haven't been
b) can't be
c) don't be
d) won't be
e) wasn't
10 | JFS 2000
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You and I __________ together if we don’t want to fail 
at
the admission exam this year.
a) will to study
b) shall not to study
c) shall study
d) will not to study
e) won’t study
11 | UEL 1994
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a
lacuna da frase a seguir:
- “What __________ to do when you get to Rio?”
- “I don't know yet.”
a) are you going
b) were you
c) did you
d) do you
e) you go
12 | ESPCEX 99
Choose the correct alternative:
A: Brrr. Who turned up the air conditioner? It’s really 
cold
in here. My nose and my fingers are cold.
B: I __________ you a hot cup of tea.
A: Thanks. That sounds good.
a) will bring
b) won’t bring
c) will not break
d) will break
e) won’t break
13 | JFS 2008
Read the following sentence:
They're going to have a baby in the spring.
– It expresses something that:
a) is not probable to take place.
b) was not planned or expected.
c) suddenly happened.
d) is certain or expected to happen.
e) will not happen without planning.
14 | UNESP 1993
Assinale a alternativa correta:
I did not think she __________ come.
a) was
b) were
c) would
d) don't
e) doesn't
15 | FEI 1995
Em "If there were no cracks glass would be stronger 
than
steel", a forma verbal "would be" significa:
a) será.
b) foi.
c) seria.
d) teria sido.
e) é.
16 | PUCPR 1996
Complete the following sentence correctly:
If I won a lottery I __________ around the world.
a) travel
b) traveled
c) will travel
d) would travel
e) am traveling
17 | FUVEST 1997
Considere a imagem a seguir:
– Qual seria o correspondente, no passado, de "if I 
ever
catch" and "I'll wash"?
a) If I ever were to catch – I'll wash
b) If I ever caught – I'd wash
c) If I ever would catch – I washed
d) If I ever caught – I'd have washed
e) If I had ever caught – I would wash
18 | UFSM 2003
If people were honest, they __________ buy fake
products.
a) would
b) did
c) won't
d) wouldn't
e) don't
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19 | UFRGS 2005 – ADAPTED
In "If not for a girl named Kitty Wu, I probably would 
have
starved to death", the form would have starved 
indicates
a:
a) habit long acquired.
b) condition in the future.
c) permission granted.
d) possibility in the past.
e) obligation in the present.
20 | UEL 1994
Life is so dull! I __________ anything interesting 
happen
to me in ages!
a) had
b) have not
c) have had
d) don't have
e) haven't had
SUGESTÕES PARA TRADUÇÃO
TEARS IN HEAVEN – ERIC CLAPTON
Would you know my name
If I saw you in Heaven?
Will you be the same
If I saw you in Heaven?
I must be strong
And carry on
'Cause I know I don't belong
Here in Heaven
Would you hold my hand
If I saw you in Heaven?
Would you help me stand
If I saw you in Heaven?
I'll find my way
Through night and day
'Cause I know I just can't stay
Here in Heaven
Time can bring you down
Time can bend your knees
Time can break your heart
Have you begging please
Begging please
Beyond the door
There's peace
I'm sure
And I know there'll be no more
Tears in Heaven
Would you know my name
If I saw you in Heaven?
Will you be the same
If I saw you in Heaven?
I must be strong
And carry on
'Cause I know I don't belong
Here in Heaven
'Cause I know I don't belong
Here in Heaven
I’LL STAND BY YOU – THE PRETENDERS
Oh, Why you look so sad?
Tears are in your eyes
Come on and come to me now
Don't be ashamed to cry
Let me see you through
Cause I've seen the dark side too.
When the night falls on you
You don't know what to do
Nothing you confess
could make me love you less
I'll stand by you
I'll stand by you
Won't let nobody hurt you
I'll stand by you
So,
If you´re mad, get mad
Don't hold it all inside
Come on and talk to me now
But hey, what you've got to hide
I get angry too
But I'm a lot like you
When you're standing at the crossroads
Don't know which path to choose
Let me come along
Cause even if you're wrong...
I'll stand by you
I'll stand by you
Won't let nobody hurt you
I'll stand by you
Take me in into your darkest hour
And I'll never desert you
I'll stand by you
And when,
When the night falls on you baby
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ENGLISH - EEAR
You´re feeling all alone
You won't be on your own
I'll stand by you
I'll stand by you
Won't let nobody hurt you
I'll stand by you
Take me in into your darkest hour
And I'll never desert you
I'll stand by you
I'll stand by you
Won't let nobody hurt you
I'll stand by you
Won't let nobody hurt you
I'll stand by you
I'll stand by you
Won't let nobody hurt you
I`ll stand by you
ANSWER-KEY
01 -A 
02 - D 
03 - E
04 - A 
05 - E 
06 - E 
07 - B 
08 - B 
09 - D 
10 - C 
11 - A 
12 - A 
13 - D
14 - C 
15 - C 
16 - D 
17 - B 
18 - D 
19 - D 
20 – E
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CAPÍTULO 12
PASSIVE VOICE
PASSIVE VOICE:
Active
Voice
I wash the car every Sunday.
Passive
Voice
The car is washed by me
every Sunday.
STRUCTURE:
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE OF 
THE MAIN VERB.
Como podemos observar, a Voz Passiva do inglês, em 
geral, segue a mesma regra da do português. 
O agente da passiva, sempre será expresso pela 
preposição “By”, nunca pela “For”. Veja o porquê:
The car is washed by me. (Eu o lavei).
The car is washed for me. (Alguém o lava para eu o usar.)
Veja esta questão da AFA-2010:
107 – The passive voice of the sentence “He is now testing 
the theory…” (line 15) is:
Now the theory was being tested by him.
The theory was now tested.
The theory is being tested now.
He tested the theory.
O gabarito é letra “C”. Por quê? Vejamos! É simples!!!
Como sabemos, o objeto da voz ativa (the theory) vira o 
sujeito da voz passiva (The theory); o verbo principal (to 
test) passa para o particípio passado (tested) e 
acrescentamos o verbo to be no tempo verbal da voz ativa 
(present continuous) (is + being). Omitimos o agente da 
passiva por não ser essencial à interpretação.
A DIFFICULT SITUATION:
Turn this sentence into the passive voice:
My brother gave Bruna a bunch of flowers.
Option 1: A bunch of flowers was given to Bruna by my 
brother.
Option 2: Bruna was given a bunch of flowers by my 
brother.
Em princípio, ficamos surpresos ou, quiçá, incomodados 
com a segunda opção. Por quê? Porque esta segunda 
estrutura nunca é usada no português. 
No inglês, é possível transformar também o OBJETO 
INDIRETO para sujeito da voz passiva. Isto acontece, 
sobretudo, com os seguintes verbos: 
To give, to buy, to show, to lend, to tell and to teach.
Tais verbos podem ter duas estruturas:
Give someone something.
Give something to someone.
Quando o objeto indireto (someone) vem na frente, 
omitimos a preposição. Contudo, quando ele vem após o 
objeto direto virá, pois, preposicionado.
Exercise:
01 -They are asking some questions. The passive voice is:
a) Some questions are being asked 
b) Some questions ask they
c) They are asked
d) They ask some questions
02. Maggy is selling her apartment. The passive voice is:
a) Her apartment is selling
b) Is selling her apartment
c) Maggy’s apartment is being sold
d) The apartment of Maggy sold
03. People buy food everywhere. The passive voice is:
a) Food people buy
b) Food is bought everywhere
c) Everywhere is bought food
d) People everywhere bought food
04. They consider that he made a mistake. The passive 
voice is:
a) A mistake is considered to be made
b) It is considered that he mistaken
c) It is considered the mistake he made
d) The mistake was made
05. They suppose that she is in trouble. The passive voice 
is:
a) She supposes that she is in trouble
b) She is supposed to be in trouble
c) It is supposed to be in trouble
d) They are supposed in trouble
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ENGLISH - EEAR
06. Somebody is stealing my bicycle.The passive voiceis:
a) Somebody the bicycle is stolen
b) My bicycle is being stolen
c) Somebody’s bicycle is being stolen
d) They stole somebody’s bicycle
07. Paul always sent her flowers.The passive voice is:
a) Flowers are always sent her by Paul
b) She was always sent flowers by Paul
c) She always sent flowers
d) Flowers was sent always
08.They were asking some questions. The passive voice is:
a) Some questions are asked 
b) Some questions were being asked
c) They are asked
d) They ask some questions
09. Maggy’s apartment was being sold. The active voice is:
a) Her apartment was selling
b) Maggy was selling her apartment.
c) Is selling her apartment
d) The apartment of Maggy sold
10. Food is bought everywhere. The active voice is:
a) Food people buy
b) Food is bought everywhere
c) People buy food everywhere
d) People everywhere bought food
11.. It was considered that he made a mistake The active 
voice is:
a) The mistake is considered to be made
b) It was considered the mistake he made
c) The mistake was made
d) They considered that he made a mistake
12. She was told a lie. The active voice is:
a) She told a lie.
b) Somebody told her a lie
c) It is supposed that told her a lie
d) They are supposed to tell her a lie
13. Some trees were planted. The active voice is:
a) They were planting some trees
b) It was planted some trees
c) He planted some trees
d) They are planting some trees.
Read the text and answer the question 14
The first roller skates were made in 1760 by Joseph
Merlim, a Belgium musician. He worked hard on his
invention. People at a dance couldn’t believe it when
Merlin arrived on his roller skates playing the violin.
Unfortunately his skates had no breaks so he couldn’t stop;
he went straight across the dance floor and crashed into a
large mirror. Both the mirror and the violin were broken,
and Merlim badly hurt. It was the last time anyone tried
roller-skating for another hundred years.
(Something to Read – Cambridge University Press)
GLOSSARY:
Unfortunately = infelizmente
Go straight across = ir direto a/ao
Crash = bater, colidir.
14 – What’s the active voice for “The first roller skates
were made in 1760 by Joseph Merlim”.
Joseph Merlim _____ the first skates in 1760.
a)made
b)makes
c)has made
d)was making
Read the extract and answer question 15
Almost three-fourths of the earth is under the ocean. Until a
few years ago, people did not know what the ocean bottom 
was like.
The ocean bottom is different from what we thought. After 
World War I scientists made a new machine. This machine 
told them what the bottom of the ocean was like. The 
machine told how deep the ocean is in each place. For a 
long time many people thought the ocean bottom was flat. 
Now we know that there are large mountains and deep 
holes in the ocean bottom.
15 - What’s the passive voice for “After World War I 
scientists made a new machine.”
After World War I a new machine _____________.
a) is made
b) was made
c) has been made
d) had been made
Read the text and answer question 16.
I’m growing my beard a bit longer but it’s getting wiry and 
bushy. Do you know of any products to keep a gentleman’s 
beard in good condition?
MATT, BY E-MAIL
Many in the cosmetic industry are thinking up ways to 
make shaving a more pleasurable process. A key part ___ 
this is softening the beard, making it so that the hairs 
themselves are less brittle and tough to cut. Items from this
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ENGLISH - EEAR
new generation of products are often applied overnight, so 
that by the morning the beard feels soft and lovely.
Stop, stop, stop! Do you see those words ___ the end of the 
last paragraph? “The beard feels soft and lovely.” A new 
product out next month, Skin Difference __________ 
Clarins (08000363558, www.clarins.co.uk), is an overnight 
anti-ageing cream that also works ___ the skin’s surface to 
soften the beard ready for the next morning’s shave. And, if 
you don’t want to shave, the softening process should then 
stop your beard feeling so uncomfortable.
GLOSSARY:
wiry = duro como arame
bushy = espesso
brittle = quebradiço
16 – In “ ... this new generation of products are often 
applied overnight, ... ”, the underlined verb form is in the
a) passive voice
b) present perfect
c) indirect speech
d) past progressive
Read the text and answer question 17.
Global warming: Adapting to a new reality
By Elisabeth Rosenthal
As countries across Europe reduce protection of
greenhouse gases in order to fight climate change, scientists
and citizens are discovering that effects of warming are 
already upon us. Irreversible warming is already happening,
they say, and will continue for a century even if polluting 
emissions are controlled by the Kyoto Protocol, the 
international treaty aimed at
limiting greenhouse gases. To this end, they say, 
governments and citizens must prepare for a steamier 
future, adapting to a climate that is hotter and stormier.
The early warning signs of global warming are
apparent: an increase in summer deaths due to heat waves 
in Europe; the northern migration of toxic algae and 
tropical fish to the Mediterranean; the spread of disease-
carrying ticks into previously inhospitable parts of Sweden 
and the Czech Republic.
Scientists say that global warming may be partially 
responsible ____ the rising number of powerful hurricanes, 
like Katrina, as well as an increase in floods.
Most scientific models predict that temperatures will rise 
____ 2 degrees ____ 6 degrees Celsius, in Europe over the 
next century-slightly less elsewhere in the world. And 
people are largely unprepared.
In response to this trend, countries and politicians are 
starting to think ____ changes they will have to make:
 adapting to climate change, for example, French 
farmers are shifting to crops that better tolerate 
warmer temperatures;
 supplying the elderly with air-conditioners, as the 
Italian city of Brescia is doing.
Adapting to climate change seems to be simple.
However, in some cases, adaptation would be so expensive 
that the authorities may opt to let nature take its course.
GLOSSARY:
ticks = pequenos insetos
17 - What’s the active voice for “polluting emissions are 
controlled by the Kyoto Protocol”, (lines 6 and 7)?
a) Polluting emissions are being controlled.
b) The Kyoto Protocol controlls polluting emissions.
c) The Kyoto Protocol can controll polluting emissions.
d) Polluting emissions will be controlled by the Kyoto
Protocol.
Read the text and answer question 18
Guaratinguetá, the city of Friar Galvão has begun 
towelcome more and more tourists
An increasing number of tourists is visiting
Guaratinguetá, a city with a population of 110,000 about six
kilometers from Aparecida. In 2006 the city welcomed an 
average of about 50 tourist buses at weekends – now it is 
200 buses. Religious tourism will boost the local economy. 
New hotels and restaurants will
be built. The Santo Antônio Cathedral and Friar Galvão 
Museum are two of the most popular places for tourists. In 
a small room at the back of the Cathedral the famous Friar 
Galvão pills are produced. In total about 90,000 pills are 
produced a month. The pills are also produced in the 
Mosteiro da Luz, in São Paulo, ______ about 5,000 units 
are distributed a day.
(Adapted from Maganews # 36)
GLOSSARY
friar – frei
increasing – aumento
to boost – impulsionar
pill – pílula
18 – All these structures below are in the passive voice, 
except
a) pills are produced
b) units are distributed
c) Friar Galvão has begun
d) restaurants will be built
Read the text and answer question 19.
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The stunning legacy left by Zilda Arns the founder
and coordinator of Pastoral da Criança
In 1983, with the backing of CNBB, Zilda founded Pastoral
da Criança. She had developed an efficient method to help 
the poorest families. The work involved, among other 
things, feeding children under six, hygiene, preventive 
healthcare, and complete help for poor pregnant women. 
On January 12th she was ina church in Port-au-Prince, talking to a group of local 
religious leaders. She intended to introduce that 
methodology to Haiti. _________, an earthquake 
completely destroyed the church and Brazil lost one of the 
greatest women in its history. The aim of her work
was to reduce malnutrition and Brazil’s infant
mortality.The efficient methodology used by Pastoral da 
Criança has saved thousands of lives over the last three 
decades and has been exported to 20 countries.
(Adapted from Maganews # 47)
GLOSSARY
stunning – impressionante
legacy – legado
19 – The correct passive voice for “She had developed an 
efficient method…” is: An efficient method
a) has developed
b) had been developed
c) has been developing
d) was being developed
Read the text and answer question 20.
Deforestation has recently been recognized as a global 
problem. Even today, governments and individuals believe 
that only the countries using up their forests will be affected
by it. However, scientists are convinced that the world’s 
forests must be preserved. They base their conviction on 
scientific data that prove the importance of forests to all 
people everywhere.
(Taken from Between the Lines)
GLOSSARY
Data - dados
Deforestation - desmatamento
to recognize - reconhecer
to use up - consumir totalmente
20 - All sentences below are in the passive voice, except:
a) Forests will be affected.
b) Scientists are convinced.
c) Deforestation has been recognized.
d) Scientific data have proved the importance of forests to 
mankind.
Read the text and answer question21
Crash Landing Aires Boeing 737-800 San Andres
Island, Columbia.
August 16, 2010 by Marcel Van Leeuwen
At least one person died and five more are injured after a 
Boeing 737 crashed onto the runway at 1:49 a.m. local time
today on San Andres Island. The jet,
carrying 131 people, broke into three pieces. The Aires 
flight departed Bogoto around midnight and, according to 
Colombian Air Force Colonel David Barrero, officials are 
investigating reports - the aircraft experienced a lightning 
strike. San Andres Island’s airport has closed its 7,545-foot 
runway until the wreckage can be removed. Barrero 
commented that the skill of the pilot kept the airliner from 
colliding with the airport. The landing occurred during a 
storm.
(Taken from Wikinews.org)
GLOSSARY
Crewmembers – membros da tripulação
Wreckage – destroços
21 – What’s the passive voice for “…officials are 
investigating reports…”, (line 7)?
a) Reports are being investigated. 
b) Reports were being investigated.
c) Officials were investigating reports.
d) Officials have been investigating reports
Read the text and answer question 22.
The future of English
Is English set to dominate the world? It is more widespread
than any language has ever been. The ECONOMIST
described it as “impregnably established as the world’s
standard language.” It is used globally in business,
diplomacy, sport, music, advertising and technology. A fifth
of the world’s population speak it to some level of
competence, another fifth are hurrying to learn it, and
_______ seems to want it written on their 
T-shirts.
Will this dominance continue and increase until English is
spoken absolutely ____? Many think the answer is obvious:
yes.
But not everyone is so certain. Some claim that the
dominance of English is unhealthy. Others go further,
saying the uncontrolled expansion of English is leading it
towards disintegration.
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(Taken from Speak up # 226).
GLOSSARY
Set to – determinado a, prestes a
Widespread – difundido
22 - Which phrase, from the text, presents a passive
structure?
a)”…is spoken…”
b)”…is leading…”
c)”…is so certain…”
d)”… is unhealthy…”
Read the text and answer question 23.
Japan tsunami ‘ghost ship’ drifting to Canada
A Japanese fishing vessel swept away by the March 2011
tsunami has been spotted adrift off the west coast of Canada
by the coastguard.
An aircraft patrolling the seas off British Columbia saw the
15m vessel seen floating 275km from the Haida Gwaii
islands on Friday.
It is believed to be the first large item from the millions of
tonnes of tsunami debris to cross the Pacific.
No one is believed to be aboard the ship, registered in
Hokkaido, Japan.
Canada’s Transport Ministry is monitoring the vessel for
marine pollution and to see if it becomes an obstruction.
The tsunami last March generated more than 25 million
tonnes of debris, say researchers at the University of
Hawaii. Between four and eight million tonnes still floating
on the surface.
The main mass of debris is not expected to make landfall in
North America until March 2014.
Maria Cantwell, US senator for Washington State, said the
boat was expected to drift slowly south.
(Adapted from BBC news)
GLOSSARY:
Vessel – embarcação
To be swept away – ser arrastado
Landfall – o ato de chegar à costa
Adrift – sem rumo
To drift – ser arrastado pela correnteza
23 – The correct active voice for “A Japanese fishing vessel
has been spotted adrift off the coast of Canada by the
coastguard.” Is
a.A Japanese fishing vessel was spotted adrift off the west
coast of Canada.
b.A Japanese fishing vessel was being spotted adrift off
west coast of Canada.
c.The coastguard spotted a Japanese fishing vessel adrift off
the west coast of Canada.
d.The coastguard has spotted a Japanese fishing vessel
adrift off the west coast of Canada.
24 - Select the alternative that contains the passive voice of 
the sentence below:
Somebody has hurt Ronaldo during the soccer match.
a) Ronaldo is hurt during the soccer match.
b) Ronaldo was hurt during the soccer match.
c) Ronaldo had been hurt during the soccer match.
d) Ronaldo has been hurt during the soccer match.
Read the text and answer questions 25 and 26.
The Greenhouse Effect
A greenhouse is a house made of glass. The sun shines right
through the glass and makes it warm inside the greenhouse. 
It is possible to grow flowers and vegetables inside a 
greenhouse in the winter. Scientists
have a theory that a lot of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
will act like the glass in a greenhouse. As
the sun shines through the carbon dioxide blanket, the 
atmosphere will get hotter and hotter.
Carbon dioxide is produced by combustion, the burning of 
fuel. It is being added to the normal atmosphere as we have 
more and more cars, more and more houses and industries. 
In short, more people produce more carbon dioxide.
Scientists predict that as a result of more carbon dioxide in 
the atmosphere, there will be a global warming, or a long-
term rise in temperatures over the earth.
(Adapted from “Time and Space”)
25 – According to the text, we can infer that:
a) Carbon dioxide is only produced by industries and by 
cars.
b) Scientists believe that the rise in temperatures over the 
earth is the main cause of a global warming.
c) As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 
increases, the temperature over the earth will rise.
d) Global warming is the phenomenon in which the 
atmosphere temperature is hotter than the earth’s surface.
26 – In the sentence “It is being added to the normal 
atmosphere” (line10), we can find the passive voice of 
which verb tense?
a) future
b) simple present
c) past progressive
d) present progressive
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SUGESTÃO PARA TRADUÇÃO
WITH OR WITHOUT YOU – U2
See the stone set in your eyes
See the thorn twist in your side
I wait for you
Sleight of hand and twist of fate
On a bed of nails she makes me wait
And I wait... without you
With or without you
With or without you
Through the storm we reach the shore
You give it all but I want more
And I'm waiting for you
With or without you
With or without you ohoo
I can't live
With or without you
And you give yourself away
And you give yourself away
And you give
and you give
And you give yourself away
My hands are tied
My body bruised, she's got me withNothing to win
and nothing left to lose
And you give yourself away
And you give yourself away
And you give
and you give
And you give yourself away
With or without you
With or without you
I can't live
With or without you
ANSWER-KEY:
01 – a 
02 – c 
03 - b
04 –a
05 –b
06 –b
07 – b
08 –b
09 –b
10 –c
11 –d
12 –b
13 –c
14 –a
15 –b
16 – a
17 –a
18 –c
19 –b
20 –d
21 –a
22 –a
23 –d
24 –d
25 –c
26 – c
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CAPÍTULO 13
REVISÃO DE TEMPOS VERBAIS
 1) I’m looking there and I _____ a bird now.
 a) am seeing b) seeing c) see d) are seeing
 2) Some people _____ to be at home on Sundays.
 a) like b) likes c) are liking d) is liking
 3) At present he _____ for a big company.
 a) work b) works c) is working d) working
 4) Listen! Someone _____ the piano now.
 a) is playing b)are playing c) plays d) playing
 5) Don’t talk so loud. The young man _____
a) is sleeping b) sleep c) sleeps d) are sleeping
 6) Look! It _____! Isn’t it beautiful ?
 a) snows b) is snowing c) snow d) snowing
 7) She _____ her hair twice a week.
a) is washing b) wash c) washes d) are washing
 8) It frequently _____ here.
 a) raining b) rain c) rains d) is raining
 9) He _____ The Times now, but on Fridays he
_____ The Observer.
 a) is reading / reads b) is reading / read
c) reads / is reading d) read / reads
 10) I _____ a clean shirt every day.
a) am wearing b) wears c) wear d) are wearing
 11) Yesterday I _____ the day reading.
 a) spend b) spends c) spent d) spending
 12) The maid fell down and _____ all the dishes.
 a) broke b) break c) breaks d) is breaking
 13) Yesterday he _____ his finger.
 a) cut b) cuts c) is cutting d) cutting
 14) When I _____ the door, I _____ the girl lying on
the floor.
 a) opened / saw b) open / saw c) opened / see 
d) opens / see
 15) Last Christmas he _____ a lot.
 a) eat b) eats c) ate d) is eating
 16) The Second War _____ in 1945.
 a) Ends b) end c) ended d) is ending
 17) Pedro and Vera _____ a lot of pictures when
they were in London.
 a) are taking b) don’t take c) take d) took
 18) They _____ all the students to class yesterday.
 a) bought b) bring c) brings d) brought
 19) I was driving through the tunnel when the
accident _____.
 a) happened b) is happening c) happening
d) happens
 20) We were studying at the same time they _____.
a) play b) was playing c0 playing d) were playing
 21) While I _____ along the street I _____ the bank
manager.
 a) was walking / met b) walk / met c) walked / met
 b) am walking / met
 22) I was taking a shower when the telephone
_____.
a) was ringing b) rang c) rings d) were ringing
 23) I _____ stay here until midnight.
 a) am able b) am going c) is going to d0 will
 24) I _____ the room if you don’t stop shouting.
a) am going b) will leave c) leaving d) will live
 25) My brother _____ in the library tomorrow.
 a) is going to study
 b) studying
 c) are going to study
 d) studies
 26) When you telephoned last night, I _____ a
shower.
 a) was taking b) took c) taken d) were taking
 27) I _____ her for the first time some ten years
ago.
 a) saw b) seen c) see d) sees
 28) The students jumped from their seats the
moment the bell _____.
 a) was ringing b) had rung c) rings d) rang
 29) After I _____ my work, I left the office.
 a) did b) was doing c) had done d) do
 30) Until they came to Brazil they _____ black
beans before.
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 a) had never eaten b) were never eating
c) never ate d) didn’t eat
 31) I was still sleeping when the telephone _____.
 a) was ringing b) had rung c) rang d) rings
 32) The family was busy when I came. My sister
_____ a cake and her husband _____ the animals.
 a) was making / was feeding b) made / had fed
c) had made / feeds d) was making / had fed
 33) After the terrible explosion, the general wanted
to know who _____ the order to explode the bridge.
 a) had given b) gave c) was giving d) gives
 34) The football match _____ to the end before I
arrived at the stadium.
 a) come b) coming c) had come d) will come
 35) When the ambulance arrived, the man _____
already died.
 a) has b) have c) had d) was
 36) He cooked the bird which he _____ before.
 a) shot b) had shot c) was shooting d) shoots
 37) Susan refused Tom’s invitation to see My Fair
Lady because she _____ it before.
 a) have seen b) had seen c) has seen d) saw
 38) I did not see Paul. When I _____ the room he
had already left.
 a) had entered b) entered c) was entering
d) enter
 39) Harry _____ on his bed and _____ to think of
his life.
 a) lies / began b) lay / began c) lie / begin
d) lays / began
 40) When the teacher arrived we _____ our lesson.
 a) had already finished b) had already finish
c) was already finishing d) were already finished
 41) Your wife _____. She said she would telephone
again.
 a) called b) has just called c) was calling
d) had called
 42) My grandfather _____ to Brazil fifty years ago.
 a) came b) has come c) have come
d) was coming
 43) The boy’s finger is bleeding. He _____ himself
with a knife.
 a) cut b) has cut c) is cutting d) was cutting
 44) Chico Buarque _____ another song.
a) wrote b) has written c) had written d) write
 45) I _____ Greek when I was at school.
a) studies b) have studied c) study d) was studying
 46) Picasso _____ his first works of art before he
was twelve.
a) had painted b) painted c) was painting d) paints
 47) Look! The plane _____.
 a) landed b) had landed c) has just landed
d) was landing
 48) My parents _____ their honeymoon abroad.
That was more than twenty years ago.
a) have spent b) had spent c) spent d) were
spending
 49) I _____ my car keys. I can’t find them now !
 a) am losing b) have lost c) lost d) had lost
 50) This social program _____ in 1975.
 a) begin b) began c) begun d) has begun
 51) Yesterday he _____ the day traveling.
 a) has spent b) spent c) spend d) had spent
 52) Look what those kids _____ to my poor plants !
 a) has done b) have done c) do d) had done
 53) He _____ three months in jail in his youth.
a) has spent b) spent c) spends d) was spending
 54) Alexander Fleming _____ the Nobel Prize for
Medicine in 1945.
a) won b) has won c) was winning d) had won
 55) He _____ out in the rain without an umbrella.
I’m not surprised. He _____ that many times.
 a) has gone / does b) has gone / has done
c) went / did d) has gone / did
 56) Call a doctor immediately. She _____ a heart
attack !
 a) had b) has had c) has d) had had
 57) I _____ the book for a couple of hours.
 a) had read b) having read c) have read
d) am reading
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 58) Dave’s sister has been combing her hair _____
noon.
 a) for b) ago c) since d) yet
 59) Mike _____ to study Portuguese two month as
ago.
a) began b) has begun c) begins d) was beginning
 60) Rio de Janeiro _____ the capital until 1960.
 a) has been b) was c) is d) have been
 61) “Have you ever been to New York ?”
 Que resposta não corresponde à pergunta acima ?
 a) “No, but I expect to visit it next year.”
 b) “Yes, I’ve been there six times.”
 c) “No, I’ve never been there.”
 d) “Yes, of course, but only if you invite me.”
 62) When he was in Europe he _____ many
postcards to his friends and relatives.
a) has written b) wrote c) was writing d) writes63) A frase “estamos aqui há uma semana”
corresponde, em inglês, a:
 a) We’ve been here for a week.
 b) We are here a week ago.
 c) We are here for a week.
 d) We had been here one week.
 64) He _____ a cigar for the last eight years.
a) didn’t smoke b) hasn’t smoked c) isn’t smoking
d) won’t smoke
 65) “Have the men started to work on your new
house ?”
“Yes, it _____ now.”
 a) built b) is being built c) builds d) building
 66) The first heart transplant _____ by Dr. Christian
Barnard in 1967.
 a) performed b) was performing
c) was performed d) has been performed
 67) Several other heart transplants _____ since
then.
 a) have attempted b) have been attempted
c) attempted d) attempt
 68) The jewels _____ under the nose of the
policeman.
a) were stealing b) stolen c) stole d) were stolen
 69) The passive voice of “They have asked me a lot
of questions” is:
 a) A lot of questions were asked to me.
 b) A lot of questions asked me.
 c) A lot of questions have been asked by me.
 d) A lot of questions have been asked to me.
 70) Their baggage _____ at Customs.
 a) is examining b) is being examined
c) has examined d) examined
 71) Corn and wheat _____ in nearly all American
states.
a) grows b) are grown c) was grown d) were grown
 72) I couldn’t read the letter. It _____ in German.
a) was writing b) wrote c) was written d) written
 73) One of those novels _____ by Hemingway.
 a) have been written b) was written
c) has been written d) are written
 74) The active construction for “We are going to be
invaded by such undesirable guests” is
 a) Such undesirable guests invaded us
 b) Such undesirable guests will invade us.
 c) Such undesirable guests are going to invade us.
 d) Such undesirable guests were going to invade
us.
 75) A forma correta da voz passiva da frase “Young
people are discovering a hopeful future” é:
 a) A hopeful future is discovering by young people.
 b) Is discovered a hopeful future by young people.
 c) A hopeful future is being discovered by young
people.
 d) By young people is being discovering a hopeful
future.
 76) A alternativa correta para a voz passiva desta
frase é:
 “You must write the answers on one side of the
paper only.”
 a) The answers are written on one side of the paper
only.
 b) You must be written on one side of the paper
only.
 c) One side of the paper must be written by you.
 d) The answers must be written on one side of the
paper only.
 77) A forma passiva de “Someone had written a
letter” é:
a) A letter had written. b) A letter was written.
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c) Someone is written. d) A letter had been written.
 78) Mark the sentence in which the passive voice of
the sentence below is used correctly.
 They are repairing the bridge.
a) The bridge is being repaired. 
b) The bridge is repaired.
c) The bridge was repaired. 
d) The bridge has been repaired.
 79) That beautiful building _____ in 1979.
a) was built b) built c0 were built d) was building
 80) Check the best Passive construction
corresponding to:
 That show made him a star overnight.
 a) It made him a star overnight.
 b) He made a star overnight.
 c) He was made a star overnight by that show.
 d) He had been made a star by that show.
 81) A voz passiva de “Martha has kissed the
teacher” é:
 a) Martha has kissed him.
 b) The teacher has been kissed by Martha.
 c) The teacher kissed Martha.
 d) The teacher was kissed by Martha.
ANSWER-KEY:
01 – C
02 – A
03 – C
04 – A
05 – A
06 – B
07 – C
08 – C
09 – A
10 – C
11 – C
12 – A
13 – A
14 – A
15 – C
16 – C
17 – D
18 – D
19 – A
20 – D
21 – A
22 – B
23 – D
24 – D
25 – A
26 – A
27 – A
28 – D
29 – C
30 – A
31 – C
32 – A
33 – A
34 – C
35 – C
36 – B
37 – B
38 – B
39 – B
40 – A
41 – B
42 – A
43 – B
44 – B
45 – D
46 – A
47 – C
48 – C
49 – B
50 – B
51 – B
52 – A
53 – B
54 – A
55 – B
56 – B
57 – C
58 – C
59 – A
60 – B
61 – D
62 – B
63 – A
64 – B
65 – B
66 – C
67 – B
68 – D
69 – D
70 – B
71 – B
72 – C
73 – B
74 – C
75 – C
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76 – D
77 – D
78 – A
79 – A
80 – C
81 - B
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CAPÍTULO 14
ADJECTIVES
ADJETIVOS
Sempre antecedem um substantivo e são 
invariáveis.
ex.: a tall boy – a tall girl. one 
hot-dog – two hot dogs.
Numbers being used as adjectives:
I want to buy a-four-door car. (reparem que four 
doors virou four-door. Perde-se o S por ser uma 
expressão adjetiva e, como sabemos, em inglês os 
adjetivos são invariáveis.)
Em inglês, o Present Participle (=Gerund) e o Past 
Participle podem ser adjetivos.
Observe:
Amazing X Amazed
Boring X Bored
Tiring X Tired
Para fins didáticos, diremos que os adjetivos 
terminados em –ing são a causa. Já os terminados 
em –ed são a consequência.
“Signs” was quite boring. I got so bored that I fell 
asleep.
Às vezes, podemos ter dois ou mais adjetivos 
qualificando um mesmo substantivo.
ex.: KFC® (Kentucky Fried Chicken). a beautiful 
tall girl.
Quando isso acontece, segue-se uma ordem pré-
estabelecida.
OSiShA ColOMP/W
1. O pinion
2. Si ze
3. Sh ape
4. A ge
5. Col or
6. O rigin
7. M aterial
8. P urpose
9. W ay
Now, try and organize these words below:
a) a Ferrari – Italian – red – expensive.
b) a table – wooden – beautiful – round – French 
– well-conserved – big – brown – antique – 
dinner.
COMPARISON
1.Equality
1.1.Inequality
2.Superiority
3.Inferiority
Short Adjectives: até 2 sílabas.
ex.: cute, short
Long Adjectives: a partir de 3 sílabas.
ex.: comfortable, intelligent
1. Equality
… as … as …
From my point of view English is as good as 
Portuguese.
1.1. Inequality
… not so … as …
… not as … as …
A Fusca isn’t so comfortable as a Ferrari
2. Superiority
2.1.Long Adjectives
… more … than …
As far as I’m concerned English is more 
interesting than Physics.
2.2.Short Adjectives
“-ER” … than
Paraná is colder than Rio.
“-ER” Rules
a) adj. + “-er than”
tall → taller than
b) adj. terminados em “e” só 
recebem “-r than”
cute → cuter than
close → closer than
c) adj. terminados em CVC dobram a
consoante final e recebem “-er 
than”
hot → hotter than
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d) adj. terminados em cons.+y 
trocam o “y” por “i” e recebem “-er 
than”
wealthy → wealthier than.
e)Exceptions:
Good – better than
Bad – worse than
Far – Further than (Br. E.)
 Farther than (Am.E.)
Many, much – more than
Little – less than
Old – older than
 Elder than
3 - Inferiority
Só existe para adjetivos longos.
... less ... than ...
In some people’s opinion love is less 
important than money.
P.S.: -ER
O sufixo –er tem duas funções. Tudo dependerá da
palavra primitiva.
Verb + -ER = “Professions” (somebody or something
that performs an action)
Ex: teach – teacher
Work – worker
Adjective + -ER = Comparative
Ex: tall – taller
Great – greater.
Special Cases:
1)Comparative + And + Comparative = “Cada vez
mais…”
More and more crownded
“Deeper and Deeper”
2)The + Comparative, The + Comparative = “Quanto
mais..., mais...)
“The closer I get to you, the more you make me see...”
“The more I cry, the more I cry as I say goodbye to a
way of life I thought I had designed for me…”
SUPERLATIVE
1. Superiority
1.1.Long Adjectives
“the most”
From my point of view literature in the 
most fascinating subject I’ve ever studied.
1.2.Short Adjectives
“the …-est”
Vatican is the shortest country in the world.
Repare:
As regras para o acréscimo do sufixo –EST são as 
mesmas para o -ER
a.tall – The tallest
b.close – The closest
c.big – The biggest
d.wealthy – The wealthies
e.
good – the best
bad – the worst
far – The furthest (Br. E.) ou the farthest (Am. E.)
many, much – the most
little – The least
old – the oldest ou the eldest (familiares)
2.Inferiority:
Só existe para os adjetivos longos. A estrutura é:
THE LEAST
As far as I’m concerned “Dragon Ball Z” is one of the 
least interestingcartoons I’ve ever seen.
SUGESTÃO DE TRADUÇÃO
PHOTOGRAPH – Ed Sheeran
Loving can hurt
Loving can hurt sometimes
But it's the only thing that I know
And when it gets hard
You know it can get hard sometimes
It is the only thing that makes us feel alive
We keep this love in a photograph
We made these memories for ourselves
Where our eyes are never closing
Hearts were never broken
And time's forever frozen still
So you can keep me inside the pocket
Of your ripped jeans
Holding me close until our eyes meet
You won't ever be alone
Wait for me to come home
Loving can heal
Loving can mend your soul
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And it's the only thing that I know
I swear it will get easier
Remember that with every piece of you
And it's the only thing we take with us when we die
We keep this love in a photograph
We made these memories for ourselves
Where our eyes are never closing
Our hearts were never broken
And time's forever frozen still
So you can keep me inside the pocket
Of your ripped jeans
Holding me close until our eyes meet
You won't ever be alone
And if you hurt me that's okay baby
Only words bleed
Inside these pages you just hold me
And I won't ever let you go
Wait for me to come home
Oh you can fit me
Inside the necklace you got
When you were sixteen
Next to your heartbeat where I should be
Keep it deep within your soul
And if you hurt me
Well that's okay baby
Only words bleed
Inside these pages you just hold me
And I won't ever let you go
When I'm away
I will remember how you kissed me
Under the lamppost back on 6th street
Hearing you whisper through the phone
Wait for me to come home
Gotta BeListen as your day unfolds, challenge what 
the future holds
Try and keep your head up to the sky
Lovers, they may cause you tears
Go ahead release your fears, stand up and be 
counted
Don't be ashamed to cry
You gotta be
You gotta be bad, you gotta be bold, you gotta be 
wiser
You gotta be hard, you gotta be tough, you gotta be 
stronger
You gotta be cool, you gotta be calm, you gotta stay 
together
All I know, all I know, love will save the day
Herald what your mother said
Reading the books your father read
Try to solve the puzzles in your own sweet time
Some may have more cash than you
Others take a different view, my oh my, heh, hey
You gotta be bad, you gotta be bold, you gotta be 
wiser
You gotta be hard, you gotta be tough, you gotta be 
stronger
You gotta be cool, you gotta be calm, you gotta stay 
together
All I know, all I know, love will save the day
Time asks no questions, it goes on without you
Leaving you behind if you can't stand the pace
The world keeps on spinning
You can't stop it, if you try to
This time it's danger staring you in the face
Remember, listen as your day unfolds
Challenge what the future holds
Try and keep your head up to the sky
Lovers, they may cause you tears
Go ahead release your fears, my oh my heh, hey, hey
You gotta be bad, you gotta be bold, you gotta be 
wiser
You gotta be hard, you gotta be tough, you gotta be 
stronger
You gotta be cool, you gotta be calm, you gotta stay 
together
All I know, all I know, love will save the day
You gotta be bad, you gotta be bold, you gotta be 
wiser
You gotta be hard, you gotta be tough, you gotta be 
stronger
You gotta be cool, you gotta be calm, you gotta stay 
together
All I know, all I know, love will save the day
EXERCISES:
001 | UNITAU 1995
Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à tradução 
mais
adequada da seguinte sentença:
The man gave a five-pound note to the shoe-repairer.
a) O homem deu uma nota de cinco libras para 
reparar o
sapato.
b) O homem deu cinco potes de notas para reparar o 
sapato.
c) O homem deu um maço de cinco notas para 
consertar o
sapato.
d) O homem deu uma nota de cinco libras para o 
sapateiro.
e) O sapateiro recebeu uma nota de cinco libras do 
bom
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ENGLISH - EEAR
homem.
002 | MACKENZIE 1999
Indicate the alternative that best completes the 
following
sentence:
They finally decided to buy a __________.
a) four-doors car
b) four doors car
c) four-door car
d) four-door-car
e) four-car
003 | MACKENZIE 1999
Indicate the alternative that best completes the 
following
sentence:
The building has nine stories. It is __________.
a) a nine-stories-building
b) a nine-story building
c) a nine's-story building
d) a nine-stories
e) a building's nine stories's
004 | MACKENZIE 1999
Indicate the alternative that best completes the 
following
sentence:
The flight lasted two hours. It was __________.
a) a flight's two-hours's
b) a two-hours-flight
c) a two'-hours's flight
d) a two-hours
e) a two-hour flight
005 | FATEC 2007
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a forma correta 
do
adjetivo + sufixo 'IBLE' como em 'Edible Cotton':
a) Managible
b) Gullible
c) Drinkible
d) Lovible
e) Thinkible
006 | UNITAU 1995
Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à tradução 
mais
adequada da forma adjetiva destacada a seguir:
Literally thousands of parts are used to make up even 
THE
SMALLEST family saloon.
a) o menor
b) o maior
c) o pequeno
d) o grande
e) o amplo
007 | UNITAU 1995
Assinale a alternativa que corresponde à tradução 
mais
adequada da expressão, em destaque, a seguir:
Você é a pessoa MAIS INTERESSANTE que já 
conheci.
a) the more interesting
b) the interestinger
c) the most interesting
d) the much interesting
e) the best interesting
008 | CESGRANRIO 1994
"The new generation of MT programs is less 
ambitious" is an
example of comparative form. Mark the item which 
also
contains a comparative form:
a) Of the four translations, I like this one best.
b) That young boy behaves the most carelessly of all.
c) This is the worst ice cream I've had in a long time.
d) This is the least expensive computer that we have.
e) The airport is farther than the university.
009 | FEI 1995
Indique a palavra que significa "mais forte":
a) larger
b) clearer
c) higher
d) better
e) stronger
010 | FUVEST 1978
Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a
sentença:
Of all the movies I have seen lately, the one I saw 
yesterday
was __________.
a) worse.
b) worst.
c) the worse.
d) the worst.
e) the most worse.
011 | UDESC 1996
Choose the correct grammatical answer:
I have been studying __________ I can to learn 
English.
a) as hard as
b) so hard as
c) as harder as
d) so harder so
e) so hard so
012 | MACKENZIE 1996
Indicate the alternative that best completes the 
following
sentences:
I. Which city is the __________ from São Paulo?
II. My __________ brother works at Mackenzie.
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ENGLISH - EEAR
III. Do you need any __________ data on that matter?
IV. Which is the __________ building in São Paulo?
V. Ribeirão Preto is the city that has the __________
problems with pollution in Brazil.
a) I. furthest; II. elder; III. more; IV. farthest; V. oldest
b) I. further; II. older; III. farther; IV. eldest; V. less
c) I. nearer; II. oldest; III. farthest; IV. longest; V. least
d) I. nearest; II. elder; III. furthest; IV. eldest; V. biggest
e) I. farthest; II. eldest; III. further; IV. oldest; V. fewest
013 | PUCCAMP 1992
Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que 
preenche
corretamente as lacunas da frase apresentada:
Mr. Smith: I'm sorry, Mr. Johnson. I believe the 
candidate
you sent us will not suit our purposes. We need 
somebody
__________ than he.
Mr. Johnson: In that case I would suggest Miss Cary. 
She's
definitely the __________ person in our group.
a) smarter – most intelligent
b) smart – intelligent
c) smartest – more intelligent
d) as smart – as intelligent
e) as smart – as intelligent as
014 | PUCCAMP 1994
Assinale a letra correspondente à alternativa que 
preenche
corretamente as lacunas da frase apresentada a 
seguir:
- "Did Jerry come to work yesterday?"
- "Yes, he did. He arrived __________ than his 
colleagues,
but worked the __________ so that he got as much 
done as
the others."
- "Good. He's a very responsible fellow."
a) late – harder
b) later – hardest
c) earlier – hard
d) early – hardest
e) sooner – harder
015 | EN 1983
Fill in the gap:
- “You look fatter”.
- “That’s because I’ve been eating __________ than Iused
to”.
a) many more
b) much more
c) a few
d) more than
e) any more
016 | UNESP 1985
Assinale a alternativa correta:
Our next examination may be __________ the last 
one.
a) more bad than
b) more worse than
c) much bad than
d) worse than
e) more badly than
017 | UNESP 1987
Peter's house is __________ mine.
a) larger as
b) most larger than
c) larger than
d) so large than
e) more large than
018 | UNESP 1988
He is __________ boy in town.
a) so rich
b) richer
c) the richest
d) richest
e) the most rich
019 | UFRS 1997
The word that does not form the comparative in the 
same
way as large or short is:
a) bad
b) sad
c) glad
d) great
e) late
020 | EFOMM 2007
‘In London there are lots of streets with the same 
name and
it’s very __________ if you are a tourist. Another 
problem is
that it’s a huge place. We walked everywhere on our 
last trip
and we were __________ at the end of each day. But 
it’s an
__________ city, with so much to do.’
a) confused – exhaust – excited
b) confusing – exhausted – exciting
c) confuse – exhausting – exciting
d) confusing – exhaust – excited
e) confused – exhausted – excited
021 | EFOMM 2008
The lecture we’ve attended was not good. It was quite
__________, and the audience was __________.
a) amusing – amused
b) bored – boring
c) amused – amusing
d) boring – bored
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ENGLISH - EEAR
e) interesting – interested
022 | EFOMM 2008
Caren has a strange look. She seems to live on 
__________
frozen meals.
a) bad-prepare
b) recent-cooking
c) old-make
d) new-preparing
e) ready-made
023 | UNESP 1983
Assinale a alternativa correta:
Life in New York City is sometimes __________ 
harder than
in any other town in the world.
a) very
b) much
c) many
d) so
e) as
024 | UEL 1994
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a 
lacuna
da frase a seguir:
The more time people spend at an exhibit, 
__________ they
learn.
a) more
b) most
c) much
d) the more
e) the most
025 | UEL 1997
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a 
lacuna
da frase a seguir:
I firmly believe that the tougher the laws, __________ 
the
criminal rate.
a) the lowest
b) lowest
c) the lower
d) lower
e) low
026 | UNESP 1989
The sooner a man begins to work __________.
a) the bad
b) the best
c) the worst
d) the better
e) the good
027 | PUC 1975
Fill in the blank of the following sentence correctly:
The hole in front of his garage is becoming 
__________.
a) deep and deep
b) deeper and deeper
c) deep and deeper
d) deeper and deepest
e) deepest and deepest
028 | UNESP 1997
A lion is __________ than a dog.
a) strong
b) strongest
c) more strong
d) stronger
e) most Strong
029 | UNESP 1998
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a 
lacuna
da frase adiante:
This hill is __________ than I thought it was.
a) more lower
b) lowest
c) lower
d) more low
e) more high
030 | FEI 1997
Complete:
John is __________ than the other students in his 
classroom,
but he is the __________.
a) younger –most intelligent
b) younger –more intelligent
c) more young – intelligentest
d) most young – more intelligent
e) more young – most intelligent
031 | MACKENZIE 1999
Which one is correct?
a) More have they, more want them.
b) As more they have, as more they want.
c) More they have, more they want.
d) The more they have, the more they want.
e) Do more they have, do more they want.
032 | UNESP 1999
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente a 
lacuna
da frase adiante:
Paris is __________ than Rome.
a) the most beautiful
b) small
c) more rich
d) more beautiful
e) largest
033 | PUCPR 1998
Choose the only correct alternative to complete the 
spaces:
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ENGLISH - EEAR
I. The United States is not __________ as Brazil.
II. The Everest is __________ mountain in the world.
III. Chimpanzees are __________ than dogs.
IV. Aids is __________ disease of human being.
V. Mike Tyson is __________ as Evander Holyfield.
a) as beautiful – the higher – so intelligent – the bad – 
more
strong
b) more beautiful – the most high – as intelligent – the
baddest – so strong
c) so beautiful – the high – most intelligent – the 
badder –
stronger
d) so beautiful – the highest – more intelligent – the 
worst –
as strong
e) as beautiful – as highest – more intelligent – the 
worst –
strongest
ANSWER-KEY:
01 - D
02 - C
03 - B
04 - E
05 - B
06 - A
07 - C
08 - E
09 - E
10 - D
11 - A
12 - E
13 - A
14 - B
15 - B
16 - D
17 - C
18 - C
19 - A
20 - B
21 - D
22 - E
23 - B
24 - D
25 - C
26 - D
27 - B
28 - D
29 - C
30 -A
31 - D
32 - D
33 – D
101
	Verb To Be ( Simple Present Tense)
	THERE IS / THERE ARE (EXISTE / EXISTEM / HÁ)