RESPOSTAS TESTE DE CONHECIMENTO LEITURA E REDAÇÃO EM LÍNGUA INGLESA

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INTRODUCTION
1a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Why is Reading important? Which alternative is wrong?
		
	
	to gather information,
	
	to improve their English understanding skills,
	
	to improve in  careers,
	
	to get a degree or post-graduation degree,
	 
	to improve our body in general.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:51:32
	
Explicação:
Reading helps to improve our mind, not our body in general.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Readers should take some positions when reading, except.
		
	
	Readers should be  responsible to build meanings in communicative contexts.
	
	Readers should be able to function adequately in a literate foreign society.
	 
	Readers should perform a passive role as they receiving the information.
	
	Readers should behave in an autonomous way.
	
	Readers should evaluate texts in cultural, pragmatic and interactional contexts.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:52:32
	
Explicação:
Readers should perform as an active reader, as they are applying meaning to what is written.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	What are the characteristics of SPOKEN language? Mark the WRONG option about them:
		
	
	Usually involves two or more speakers creating spoken texts together.
	 
	Interactants build written texts within social and linguistic parameters.
	
	Used to communicate at same time.
	
	Relies on shared knowledge and often makes reference to shared situation.
	
	Dialogic in Nature.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:53:05
	
Explicação:
Interactants build spoken texts within social and linguistic parameters.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Mark the false statement about the act of "reading":
		
	
	Previous knowledge of the subject alters the understanding of the text.
	
	It is a social act.
	
	The role of a reader can be determined by their purpose to read a text.
	 
	There is no need to use any comprehension strategy to better understand the text.
	
	The reader must active their cognitive abilities and motivation for reading.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:53:39
	
Explicação:
In order to acquire a greater understanding of a certain text, it is necessary to apply comprehension strategies that allow the reader to retain more content from said text.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Robinson Crusoe, as a young and impulsive wanderer, defied his parents and went to sea. He was involved in a series of violent storms at sea and was warned by the captain that he should not be a seafaring man. Ashamed to go home, Crusoe boarded another ship and returned from a successful trip to Africa".
► The previous text refers to an important genre. Which one?
		
	
	A reference book
	 
	A summary
	
	A textbook
	
	An essay
	
	A self-help book
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:54:13
	
Explicação:
The text is a summary of Daniel Defoe's literary masterpiece: Robinson Crusoe. It is an overview of content that provides a reader with the overarching theme but does not expand on specific details. A summary describes a larger work (such as an entire book, speech, or research project), and should include noticeably less content then the original work.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	What are the characteristics of WRITTEN language? Mark the WRONG option about them:
		
	 
	Written language can not be edited.
	
	Monologic in Nature.
	
	Used to communicate across time.
	
	Usually written by one person removed from an audience.
	
	Must recreate for readers the context it is describing.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:54:47
	
Explicação:
Written language can be edited and redrafted any number of times.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Reading in a first language (L1) and reading in a second language (L2) or foreign language (FL) share many of the same component skills and the reading construct is very similar in terms of underlying cognitive and linguistic components. Which alternative is NOT correct?
		
	 
	There is not compelling evidence that extensive reading can have a significant impact on both learners¿ L1 and L2/FL development.
	
	More motivated readers both read more and have better reading comprehension skills.
 
	
	Vocabulary knowledge: research on vocabulary knowledge has shown that fluent readers have very large recognition-vocabulary knowledge skills and that vocabulary knowledge is highly correlated with reading ability.
	
	Research on morphological, syntactic and discourse knowledge has shown that they all have an important impact on reading comprehension both on L1 and L2/FL.
	
	Research has shown that strategic processing (inferencing, comprehension monitoring, and goal setting) and metacognitive skills have an important impact on reading comprehension
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:55:32
	
Explicação:
There is compelling evidence that extensive reading can have a significant impact on both learners¿ L1 and L2/FL development.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Stories which are transmitted from generation to generation, whether in writing or, more typically, by word of mouth. They represent and include archetypical information of culture, society and most importantly, details on specific points of view members of a society have in relation to the world".
► The previous text refers to an important fictional genre. Which one?
 
		
	
	Mythologies
	
	Fables
	
	Legends
	 
	Folktales
	
	Fairy tales
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:55:56
	
Explicação:
Folktales refer to stories which are passed on from one generation to another, especially by word of mouth, but which are also registered in written form.
READING: A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC PROCESS TO PROMOT...
2a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto abaixo que fala sobre supostos encontros entre ETs e russos e responda a pergunta que o segue:
Russian Governor Says He Made Friends With ETs (May 7)
You can't make this stuff up, or can you? Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the governor of Russia's Buddhist republic, Kalmykia, claims he was abducted in 1997 from his Moscow apartment by aliens who took him into their spaceship.Apparently, some in the Russian government aren't scoffing at his story and want President Dmitry Medvedev to interrogate Ilyumzhinov, concerned that he may have spilled official secrets to the alien visitors. According to his tale, Ilyumzhinov was in bed, falling asleep, and heard a voice call him from his balcony. When he went outside, Ilyumzhinov claims he was met by humanoids dressed in yellow spacesuits, which then whisked him on a tour of their spaceship."I would probably have not believed this if there had not been three witnesses -- those were my driver, a minister and my assistant," Ilyumzhinov said. He added that the alleged aliens "spoke" with him telepathically and said they had come to Earth for samples.
 "You can't make this stuff up, or can you?" isto foi dito pelo governador russo para deixar claro que ele não estava mentindo sobre:
		
	
	His election promises.
	
	He will be running for president.
	
	Rumors that he had earned illicit money with public contracts.
	 
	He had made friends with aliens.
	
	Rumors that he had a mistress.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:58:21
	
Explicação:
Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, the governor of Russia's Buddhist republic, Kalmykia, claims he was abducted in 1997 from his Moscow apartment by aliens who took him into their spaceship.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Choose the wrong definition:
		
	 
	Injunctive texts - express an informal and common idea given from  the writer to the reader
	
	Argumentative texts - texts which develop themselves by means of logical resources;
	
	Narrative texts - describe real or imaginary happenings which, to a certain extent, are linked to each other;
	
	Expository texts - texts used to give information about something;
	
	Descriptive texts - description of reality or fiction which they are based on;Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:59:07
	
Explicação:
Injunctive texts ¿ express an order given by the author to the reader.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Choose the right alternative about interactive reading model:
		
	 
	It  takes into account the strong points of the bottom-up and top-down models
	
	It takes into account that you start with the top-down process and ends with the bottom-up process;
	
	It takes into account that you start with the bottom-up process and ends with the top-down process;
	
	It takes into account the criticisms posed against each one
	
	 It takes into the account that you can choose one of them to use.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 21:59:49
	
Explicação:
An interactive reading model is a reading model that proposes the interaction of bottom-up and top-down processes simultaneously throughout the reading process.  It is able  to combine the valid insights of bottom-up and top-down models. It  takes into account the strong points of the bottom-up and top-down models, and tries to avoid the criticisms posed against each, making it one of the most promising approaches to the theory of reading today.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Read the set of actions employed by readers:
1. Reflect upon the ideas and information in the text.
2. Relate what they have read to their own experiences and knowledge.
3. Clarify their understanding of the text.
4. Extend their understanding in critical and creative ways.
► The previous techniques are used:
		
	 
	After students have read the full text
	
	While students are reading a text
	
	As soon as students get in touch with a text
	
	Before students get in contact with a text
	
	After students have read only part of a text
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:00:37
	
Explicação:
The set of actions can only be applied after students have read all the text.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto que se segue e escolha a alternativa que revela a colocação da culinária inglesa em relação às outras num âmbito mundial de acordo com a Restaurant Magazine: BRITISH FOOD. A British restaurant that serves bacon and egg ice cream has been voted the best place in the world to eat in Restaurant magazine list of The World¿s 50 Best Restaurants. The Fat Duck restaurant, which was runner-up last year, claimed the coveted top spot. Owner and head chef Heston Blumenthal opened his restaurant ten years ago and soon developed a reputation for highly experimental and unorthodox dishes. The menu includes leather, oak and tobacco chocolates, sardine on toast sorbet, snail porridge, and mousse dipped in liquid nitrogen. He is self-taught and has pioneered the art of molecular gastronomy - experiments with chemistry, physics, food and flavour that result in unique and unusual taste combinations. Nearly 600 international restaurant owners, chefs and journalists participated in the poll to rank the best restaurants worldwide. A further thirteen British restaurants made it onto the elite eateries list, four in the top ten. This gives the home of fish and chips an unusual reputation as a culinary paradise. Britain is infamous for its bland and uninspiring food, which is obscurred by the more sophisticated palates of its French neighbours. However, it seems that thongs are changing: France had only eight restaurants in the top fifty and London was named in March by Gourmet magazine as the Gourmet Capital of the World. Ella Johnston, editor of Restaurant magazine, said British people are now becoming more adventurous eaters.
		
	
	d. English food has never been judged.
	
	e. the last position.
	
	b. the second position.
	 
	c. the first position
	
	a. the third position.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:01:57
	
Explicação:
A British restaurant that serves bacon and egg ice cream has been voted the best place in the world to eat in Restaurant magazine list of The World¿s 50 Best Restaurants. The Fat Duck restaurant, which was runner-up last year, claimed the coveted top spot. 
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	In 2007, Rowling described her religious background in an interview with the Dutch newspaper the Volkskrant. From when I was 13, 14 I went to church alone. I found it very interesting what was being said there, and I believed in it. When I went to university, I became more critical. I got more annoyed with the smugness of religious people and I went to church less and less. Now I'm at the point where I started: yes, I believe. And yes, I go to the church. A Protestant church here in Edinburgh. My husband is also raised Protestant, but he comes from a very strict Scottish group. One where they couldn't sing and talk.¿
The text above in written in the following structure:
		
	
	Space order
	
	Cause and effect order
	
	Exemplification order
	
	Chronological order
	 
	Temporal order
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:02:41
	
Explicação:
There is a date stated at the beginning of the sentence ¿ In 2007.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	► Choose the option which best completes the following definition about Reading:
''Let´s consider that each reader owns knowledge and previous experiences which are employed to build new meanings when reading new texts. As a consequence, we can infer that when a group of people read a text, this reading may convey _____".
		
	
	unusual interpretations
	
	international codes
	 
	different interpretations
	
	strange codes
	
	similar interpretations
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:03:16
	
Explicação:
Different readers face differently the same text, because when they read, they interact with the text based on particular perspectives.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"This reading strategy involves understanding what information, or what kind of information, we are looking for, locating it and then reading the relevant part carefully to get a full and detailed understanding. Sometimes, using this reading strategy also involves reading to see if information is contained in a text. In real life, we often only read parts of texts (the parts that provide the information we are interested in). For example, if we want to know what is on TV tonight, we will not look at the programmes listed in the TV listings for earlier in the day. In reading tasks in English exams, time pressure forces candidates to find information quickly so doing this helps in both real-life and exam situations".
► The previous text provides an important concept. Which one?
 
		
	
	Intensive reading
	
	Reading for gist
	
	Extensive reading
	
	Skimming
	 
	Scanning
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:03:45
	
Explicação:
As the focus is to search for relevant/specific information, it means scanning is being described in the text.
DESCRIPTION OF A PARAGRAPH - ITS ORGANIZATION...
3a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"It is commonly said that building paragraphs resembles the steps of building a skyscraper: we must have a well-planned foundation that supports what we are building. Any cracks, inconsistencies, or other corruptions of the foundation can cause your whole paper to crumble."
 
► Bearing the previous information in mind, which demand of a well-structured paragraph entails the following characteristic?
"The sentences should be arranged in a logical manner and should follow a definite plan for development".
		
	 
	A paragraph being coherent
	
	A paragraph being detached
	
	A paragraph being well-developed
	
	A paragraph being clearly related to the central idea
	
	A paragaph being unified.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:05:43
	
Explicação:
The principle of coherence implies logical arrangement of ideas according to a definite developmental writing plan. Consequently, the text in question refers to a paragraph being coherent.
 
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	READ the text below:
"Anthropology is the study of humankind, especially of Homo sapiens,the biological species to which we human beings belong. It is the study of how our species evolved from more primitive organisms; it is also the study of how our species developed a mode of communication known as language and a mode of social life known as culture. It is the study of how culture evolved and diversified. And finally, it is the study of how culture, people, and nature interact wherever human beings are found."
► Identify the topic sentences in the previous paragraph.
		
	
	And finally, it is the study of how culture, people, and nature interact wherever human beings are found.
	 
	Anthropology is the study of humankind.
	
	It is the study of how our species evolved from more primitive organisms.
	
	it is also the study of how our species developed a mode of communication known as language and a mode of social life known as culture.
	
	It is the study of how culture evolved and diversified
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:06:49
	
Explicação:
A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. Sometimes referred to as a focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the paragraph by summarizing the information in the paragraph. In formal writing, the topic sentence is usually the first sentence in a paragraph (although it doesn't have to be).
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Paragraphs should contain ideas, thoughts and clear purposes. It is important to ask yourself, EXCEPT.
		
	 
	Does it have an end?
	
	Is this describing?
	
	What the main objective of the paragraph is. Is the paragraph expanding previous ideas?
	
	Is this stating something again?
	
	Is this comparing?
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:07:20
	
Explicação:
It is not important to ask yourself if the paragraph has an end. It may have a conclusion. It is important to ask the content, the purpose and the structure of the paragraph.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following text, identify the text type and mark the correct option: " She is tall and slender. She has short red hair and a beard. She is wearing a white shirt and pink pants and she seems happy."
		
	
	argumentative text;
	
	expository text;
	
	injunctive text;
	 
	​​​​​​descriptive text;
	
	narrative text;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:07:46
	
Explicação:
Descriptive texts: describes places, objects or characters.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Identify the topic sentences in the following paragraph.
"The maintenance of order in pre-state societies is rooted in a commonality of material interests. The greater the amount of common interests, the less need there is for law-and-order specialists. Among band-level cultures law and order stem directly from the relations between people and the natural habitat from which subsistence is derived. All adults usually have open access to this habitat: the rivers, lakes, beaches, oceans; all the plants and animals; the soil and the subsoil. In so far as these are basic to the extraction of life-sustaining energy and materials they are communal "property."
		
	
	The greater the amount of common interests, the less need there is for law-and-order specialists
	
	All adults usually have open access to this habitat: the rivers, lakes, beaches, oceans;
	
	Among band-level cultures law and order stem directly from the relations between people and the natural habitat from which subsistence is derived
	 
	The maintenance of order in pre-state societies is rooted in a commonality of material interests
	
	In so far as these are basic to the extraction of life-sustaining energy and materials they are communal "property."
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:08:50
	
Explicação:
A topic sentence is the most important sentence in a paragraph. Sometimes referred to as a focus sentence, the topic sentence helps organize the paragraph by summarizing the information in the paragraph. In formal writing, the topic sentenceis usually the first sentence in a paragraph (although it doesn't have to be).
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto com atenção e assinale a alternativa que apresenta um exemplo de mau comportamento acidental:
Children and Difficult Behaviour /May 2010 - Newsweek
 Every child misbehaves from time to time. This is always distressing to us as parents because we would all like to be perfect parents of perfect children! Children can misbehave by accident or on purpose, and it is important to understand the difference, for example: ¿ Accidental misbehaviour - Your eight-year old throws a snowball in a friendly snowball fight and injure another child because a stone was accidentally packed into the snowball. ¿ Intentional misbehaviour - Your child steals candy from the corner store after you refused to give his/ her allowance two days early. The most important things you can do are to be patient, avoid losing your temper and remember that love is more persuasive than punishment. Before you act, try to think a few things through - ask yourself questions. Then, act as calmly and as thoughtfully as you can.
		
	
	Lying to parents,
	 
	Dropping a glass.
	
	Using bad language,
	
	Stealing a toy,
	
	Destroying property,
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:09:36
	
Explicação:
Children can misbehave by accident or on purpose, and it is important to understand the difference, for example: ¿ Accidental misbehaviour - Your eight-year old throws a snowball in a friendly snowball fight and injure another child because a stone was accidentally packed into the snowball. ¿ Intentional misbehaviour - Your child steals candy from the corner store after you refused to give his/ her allowance two days early. 
Dropping a glass = accidental misbehave.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	According to what we have studied about text structures, mark the RIGHT definition about them:
		
	
	Compare - Contrast: the author states a problem and lists one or more possible solutions to it. It may also include the pros and cons for the solutions presented.
	
	​​​​​Problem  / Solution: the author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different.
	 
	Cause - Effect: the author lists one or more causes or events and the resulting consequences. The purpose of this kind of text is to explain why or how something happened, exists or works.
	
	Sequence: the author explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing characteristics, features, and examples. The focus is on one thing and its components.
	
	Description: the author lists items or events in numerical or chronological order. (S)he describes the order of events or how to do or make something.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:10:34
	
Explicação:
​​​​​​Cause - Effect: the author lists one or more causes or events and the resulting consequences or effects (effect = what happened? / Cause = what made it happen?). The purpose of this kind of text is to explain why or how something happened, exists or works.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	There are seven basic uses of the simple present tense. Mark the option that does not suit them:
		
	
	commentaries;
	
	instructions.
	
	observations and declarations;
	
	habitual actions;
	 
	permanent lies;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:10:58
	
Explicação:
Permanent truths.
ESTABELECER AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE AS ESTRATÉGIAS ...
4a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Leia os versos abaixo:
PROMISES( ERIC CLAPTON)
I don't care if you never come home I don't mind if you just keep on rowin' away on a distant sea 'Cause I don't love you and you don't love me
Lendo essa estrofe da canção de Eric Clapton, podemos concluir que:
		
	
	It talks about a relationship based on trust and confidence.
	 
	It talks about two lovers that are about to brake up.
	
	It talks about endless love.
	
	It talks about two people that hate each other.
	
	It talks about a couple separated by distance.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:12:46
	
Explicação:
I don't care if you nevercome home I don't mind if you just keep on rowin' away on a distant sea 'Cause I don't love you and you don't love me
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	There are two ways to access a text: the top-down and the bottom-up processes. Mark the WRONG option about them:
		
	 
	In the top-down process, the dictionary must be always used. It is important to know the meaning of the word, if the word is a key word, if it does not make part of your previous knowledge, if it is not a cognate, if it cannot be deduced from context or if it has multiple meanings.
	
	The bottom-up process is a king of ascendant  processing and makes use of linear and inductive information. This approach builds the meaning through the analysis and synthesis of the meaning of the parts.
	
	In the top-down, we direct our attention to the general issues of the text, such as the theme, the main ideas of the text, the purpose of the writer.
	
	​​​​In the top-down is a kind of descendent  processing, it means a non linear approach  which makes intensive use of deduction related to non visual information which goes from a macrostructure to a microstructure and from function to form.
	
	In the bottom-up process, we direct our attention to the details we find in the text, that is, we use the structural elements in the text such as vocabulary and syntax to understand what we want.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:13:26
	
Explicação:
The dictionary must be used as the last resource, that is, only if the word is a key word, if it does not make part of your previous knowledge, if it is not a cognate, if it cannot be deduced from context or if it has multiple meanings.
 
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto com atenção e assinale a alternativa que expressa a intenção de Stacey ao dizer: "I mentally scheduled time to clean up the rogue and glitter."
MEMORABLE MOTHER'S DAY MESSES
 By KitchenDaily Editors  www.aol.com
Everything in the Bathroom Sink - Reader Stacey Anne Yates says her son, Wyatt, takes holidays very seriously, especially Mother's Day, and always presents her with a card and a homemade snack. "When Wyatt was six years old, he disappeared into the bathroom promising me a surprise," Stacey relates. "I figured the bathroom had become his card making lair and I mentally scheduled time to clean up the rogue glue and glitter. Twenty minutes later, he popped out very pleased with his Mother's Day surprise. He darted into the kitchen and returned with two spoons. With spoons in hand he led me, eyes closed, into the bathroom. SURPRISE! Wyatt had made me Macaroni & Cheese in his small bathroom sink. You know the stuff: the box of noodles with the dried cheese packet. Now imagine that orange powder embedded in the tile grout and the noodles expanding in the P-trap. Not to mention the butter that was "hand stirred" into the concoction and spread across most of the bathroom's surfaces and the towels. YUM! He was so proud of his mushy cheesy masterpiece that I had no choice but to dig in. It was a plumber's nightmare but an unforgettable Mother's Day meal."
What did Stacey mean when she said: "I mentally scheduled time to clean up the rogue and glitter."
		
	
	She thought the bathroom would be cleaned by Wyatt.
	
	She thought her son would make no mess at all.
	
	She thought Wyatt would gave her a beautiful card.
	
	She thought it would be a nice and creative surprise.
	 
	She thought it would be hard to clean up the mess.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:17:16
	
Explicação:
When Wyatt was six years old, he disappeared into the bathroom promising me a surprise," Stacey relates. "I figured the bathroom had become his card making lair and I mentally scheduled time to clean up the rogue glue and glitter. 
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	"Your course will start with an initial assessment in week 1, followed by a guided tour of the building." This is an example of:
		
	
	Descriptive text
	
	Instructive text
	
	Persuasive text
	
	Narrative text
	 
	Informative text
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:17:37
	
Explicação:
Informational text is nonfiction writing, written with the intention of informing the reader about a specific topic. It is typically found in magazines, science or history books, autobiographies and instruction manuals. They are written using special text features that allow the reader to easily find key information and understand the main topic. 
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	READ the text below:
 
Success at making inferences depends on the background knowledge and the facts given in the text. Logical reasoning will help you to make inferences about ideas or concepts that the author has not directly stated.
Source: http://studylib.net/doc/7843494/reading-strategies
 
Consider the following situation: 
''Mike is a student in Professor Brown's Biology class. Class starts at 9 a.m. It is now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike opens the door and walks into the classroom''.
Based on the previous situatio, we may infer that (choose the correct option):
		
	
	The class is listening
	
	Mike is a student.
	
	The professor started the class at 9 a.m. sharp. .
	 
	Mike is late
	
	Professor Brown teaches Biology
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:18:13
	
Explicação:
An inference is a conclusion that you draw about something by using information that you already have about it.
Class starts at 9 a.m. It is now 9.15 a.m. and Professor Brown is speaking to the class. Mike opens the door and walks into the classroom'
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
 
SCIENTISTS CAN PREDICT YOUR PERSONALITY FROM HOW YOU MOVE YOUR SMARTPHONE
 
"A team of researchers has used technology commonly built into smartphones to help predict people's personality types.
The scientists from RMIT University, Australia, collected data from devices known as accelerometers that detect motion in three dimensions. These are used by numerous applications ranging from motion-sensing games to health apps that track how many steps a user has taken in a day.
Previously, scientists have been able to predict the personality types of phone users by looking at the frequency and length of phone calls that they make, or their messaging behavior. But accelerometer data can make these kinds of predictions even more accurate.
This is because research has shown that people with different personality types often exhibit recognizable patterns of behavior when it comes to physical activity".
Adapted from: https://www.newsweek.com/scientists-personality-predict-smartphone-1451158
 
► The underlined items in the text provide a good example of Grammatical Cohesion manifestation. Bearing this information in mind, the highlighted/underlined elements in the text refer to: 
		
	
	Scientists
	 
	Phone users
	
	Accelerometers
	
	Applications
	
	Smartphones
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:19:15
	
Explicação:
The Grammatical Cohesion via reference in the examples refer to phone users.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	There are some different ways of reading. Which one is INCORRECT?
		
	 
	Extensive reading - reading for details and for obligation
	
	Intensive reading - used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information.
	
	Skimming - a quick reading
	
	Scanning - An objective reading looking for specific information
	
	Thorough reading - a deep, complete reading
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:19:44
	
Explicação:
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Leia o texto abaixo e responda a pergunta que o segue.
Autumn is the season that falls between summer and winter. There are many changes that begin in this fascinatingseason. Days become shorter. Leaves of trees turn from green to vibrant red, yellow and orange. Trees need sunlight to keep their leaves a lively green. Without sunlight leaves turn colors. The grass is no longer blanketed with dew but with frost, almost every morning, as temperatures reach the freezing point. Animals start storing up a food supply to last through the long winter months. These changes occur as we adjust from the heat of the summer to the chill of the winter.
Qual das seguintes mudanças pode ocorrer no Outono?
		
	 
	days become shorter
	
	it becomes very hot
	
	days become longer
	
	there is more sunlight
	
	snow fall's very often.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:20:29
	
Explicação:
Autumn is the season that falls between summer and winter. There are many changes that begin in this fascinating season. Days become shorter. Leaves of trees turn from green to vibrant red, yellow and orange.
	
	
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENRE AND TEXT TYPE
5a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Making inferences involve an extremely broad category and readers can make inferences to their advantage (BROWN,1994). Mark the option which does NOT represent an advantage:
		
	
	infer implied meaning (read between the lines);
	
	guess the meaning of words;
	
	guess about a cultural reference;
	
	guess a grammatical reference (a pronoun reference, for example);                                
	 
	use future experiences and future knowledge;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:22:19
	
Explicação:
To make inferences and draw conclusions, readers have to use their previous experiences and prior knowledge about the text they are going to read.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	When reading something, it helps to know what type of text it is. It also helps to know why it has been written.
►Which alternative DOES NOT correspond to the purpose of the text in each situation?
		
	
	A car manual might instruct you how to do something to your car.
	
	A letter from school might inform you about something.
	 
	A manual might try to persuade you to buy something.
	
	A novel might describe somewhere or someone to you.
	
	A leaflet that comes with a piece of furniture tells you how to put it together or take care of it.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:23:04
	
Explicação:
Directive texts are concerned with concrete future activity. Central to these texts are imperatives (Hand me the paper) or forms which substitute for them, such as polite questions (Would you hand me the paper?) or suggestive remarks (I wonder what the paper says about the weather). A manual is an example of injunctive text.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	We can describe different types of writing, in different contexts and for different purposes as different genres. Mark the option that is NOT a text genre:
		
	 
	narratives;
	
	letters;
	
	postcards;
	
	novels.
	
	e-mails;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:23:42
	
Explicação:
Narratives are types of texts.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	The hardest language
People often ask which is the most difficult language to learn, and it is not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Firstly, in a first language the differences are unimportant as people learn their mother tongue naturally, so the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.
A native speaker of Spanish, for example, will find Portuguese much easier to learn than a native speaker of Chinese, for example, because Portuguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different, so first language can affect learning a second language. The greater the differences between the second language and our first, the harder it will be for most people to learn. Many people answer that Chinese is the hardest language to learn, possibly influenced by the thought of learning the Chinese writing system, and the pronunciation of Chinese does appear to be very difficult for many foreign learners. However, for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing will be less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.
Some people seem to learn languages readily, while others find it very difficult. Teachers and the circumstances in which the language is learned also play an important role, as well as each learner's motivation for learning. If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day to day life.
Apparently, British diplomats and other embassy staff have found that the second hardest language is Japanese, which will probably come as no surprise to many, but the language that they have found to be the most problematic is Hungarian, which has 35 cases (forms of a nouns according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc). This does not mean that Hungarian is the hardest language to learn for everyone, but it causes British diplomatic personnel, who are generally used to learning languages, the most difficulty. However, Tabassaran, a Caucasian language has 48 cases, so it might cause more difficulty if British diplomats had to learn it.
Different cultures and individuals from those cultures will find different languages more difficult. In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.
No language is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier. Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another. In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one language that is the most difficult language in the world.
 
Read the text and choose the alternative that is NOT in the text.
		
	 
	The Hungarian alphabet causes problems for British speakers.
	
	Portuguese is definitely easier than Chinese.
	
	The writer thinks that learning new writing systems is not easy.
	
	A Japanese speaker may well find the Chinese writing system easier than a speaker of a European language.
	
	The question of how hard a language is to learn is relevant to both first and second language acquisition.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:24:37
	
Explicação:
In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Qual afirmativa abaixo é FALSA sobre gêneros textuais e tipos textuais?
		
	
	Tipos textuais são definidos pela natureza linguística da sua composição.
	
	Atualmente com o contexto digital, o e-mail é considerado um gênero textual.
	
	Gêneros textuais são formas textuais que podem ser produzidas de forma escrita ou oral.
	 
	Gênero textual e tipo textual são conceitos opostos.
	
	Um exemplo de gênero textual é uma carta.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:25:13
	
Explicação:
Gêneros textuais e tipos textuais são conceitos complementares.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Consider the list below:
I - Use formal language, in a specific stipulated format, for official purpose;
II - Personal communication;
III - No prescribed format, although there is a minimum structural layout;
IV - Sentences are normally long and complex.
V - Abbreviations and contractions must be avoided.
 
► The items from the list related to FORMAL LETTERS/E-MAILS are:
		
	
	III, IV and V
	
	I, II and III
	
	I, II, III, IV and V
	 
	I, IV and V
	
	II and III only
	Respondido em 21/09/202122:26:10
	
Explicação:
Items I, IV and V are the only ones covering formal aspects.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	We can describe different types of writing, in different contexts and for different purposes as different genres. Mark the option that is NOT a text genre:
		
	 
	descriptive.
	
	sermons;
	
	msn;
	
	lessons;
	
	scientific articles:
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:27:06
	
Explicação:
Descriptive is type of text.
 
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	In the case of Hungarian for British learners, it is not a question of the writing system, which uses a similar alphabet, but the grammatical complexity, though native speakers of related languages may find it easier, while struggling with languages that the British find relatively easy.
Today, millions of people want to learn or improve their English but it is difficult to find the best method. Is it better to study in Britain or America or to study in your own country?
The advantages of going to Britain seem obvious. Firstly, you will be able to listen to the language all the time you are in the country. You will be surrounded completely by the language wherever you go. Another advantage is that you have to speak the language if you are with other people. In Italy, it is always possible, in the class, to speak Italian if you want to and the learning is slower.
On the other hand, there are also advantages to staying at home to study. You don't have to make big changes to your life. As well as this, it is also a lot cheaper than going to Britain but it is never possible to achieve the results of living in the UK. If you have a good teacher in Italy, I think you can learn in a more concentrated way than being in Britain without going to a school.
So, in conclusion, I think that if you have enough time and enough money, the best choice is to spend some time in the UK. This is simply not possible for most people, so being here in Italy is the only viable option. The most important thing to do in this situation is to maximise your opportunities: to speak only English in class and to try to use English whenever possible outside the class.
What is one of the advantages of going to the UK to learn English?
		
	
	The teachers aren't very good in other countries
	 
	You will have to speak English and not your language.
	
	There are no Italians in Britain.
	
	Your life can continue more or less as it was before.
	
	The language schools are better.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:27:33
	
Explicação:
You will be able to listen to the language all the time you are in the country. You will be surrounded completely by the language wherever you go. Another advantage is that you have to speak the language if you are with other people.
STRATEGIES TO DEAL WITH VOCABULARY
6a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Mark the option with the right meaning of ´took off´ in the sentence ´The plane took off at 3:15`.
		
	
	took off means touch the ground
	
	took off means arrived
	
	took off means returned
	 
	took off means left the ground
	
	took off means caught the people
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:36:56
	
Explicação:
take off = 1. If an aircraft, bird, or insect takes off, it leaves the ground and begins to fly: 2. to suddenly start to be successful or popular: 3. to suddenly leave somewhere, usually without telling anyone that you are going.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	O conceito de vocabulário em sua definição mais ampla é conectado com o ato de aprender uma palavra e conhecer seu significado. Ao adentrarmos mais as complexidades da ideia de vocabulário, podemos afirmar que:
		
	
	O vocabulário receptivo é aquele que aprendemos na língua materna e traduzimos para a língua estrangeira.
	
	O vocabulário receptivo é menor do que o produtivo, principalmente na língua inglesa.
	
	Não há necessidade de se aprofundar nas minúcias do vocabulário.
	 
	O vocabulário produtivo é aquele que você utiliza quando fala ou escreve.
	
	O vocabulário produtivo é aquele que você utiliza enquanto ouve ou lê.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:37:22
	
Explicação:
Ao produzir a língua, ao utilizá-la em ação, o vocabulário incluído aí torna-se uma ativa construção de significado.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Cohesion refers to the interconnection between sentences and among paragraph. These "text-forming devices", which are words and phrases establish relationships across sentence boundaries, help tie the sentences in a text together, are divided in four types. Mark the option which is NOT one of the type:
		
	
	conjunction;
	
	ellipsis/substitution;
	 
	advance;
	
	lexical cohesion.
	
	reference;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:37:52
	
Explicação:
Advance is not a type of cohesion.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"How you use language is important, especially in academic essay writing. When writing an academic essay, remember that you are trying to persuade others that you are an expert who can make an intelligent argument."
► The previous information refers to the way linguistic and communicative techniques are employed. Which of the following tips is NOT adequate?
		
	
	Write a concluding paragraph summarizing your opinions
	
	Later discuss another of your suggestions/supporting arguments, again giving your opinion supported by reasons
	 
	Write a long and thorough first paragraph, by introducing the topic and your angle on it
	
	First discuss one of your suggestions/supporting arguments and give reasons for your opinion on it
	
	Make use of linking words and phrases to strengthen cohesion
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:38:35
	
Explicação:
The first paragraph must be short and introduce the reader with the writer¿s thesis/argument
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Here the purpose of the essay is to get the reader to your side of the argument. This type of essay is not just a presentation of facts but an "ttempt to convince the reader of the writer's point of view. Both sides of the argument have to presented in these essays. But the ultimate aim is to persuade the readers that the writer's argument carries more weight."
► The previous information refers to a specific type of essay. Which one?
		
	
	descriptive essay 
	
	narrative essay
	
	expository essay
	
	critical essay
	 
	persuasive essay
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:38:59
	
Explicação:
The purpose of persuasive essays is to intelligently convince the reader on your argument.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Destaque em cada umas das listas de palavras abaixo aquela que NÂO pertence à categoria principal em maiúsculas: 1. HAIR: curly/ blond/wavy/ stubborn/red 2. WEIGHT: plump/introvert/skinny/fat/ thin/slim 3. SKIN: embroidering/ white/dark/spotty/wrinkled 4. HOBBY: singing/sewing/painting/cooking/talking 5. SUBJECTS: Portuguese, Arts, Travelling,History, Geography Assinale a alternativa que aponta corretamente as palavras que não pertencem às categorias apresentadas:
		
	 
	1- stubborn 2- introvert 3-embroidering 4- talking 5-Travelling
	
	1- wavy 2- /skinny 3-plump 4- talking 5-Travelling
	
	1- blond 2- thin 3- wrinkled 4- talking 5-Arts
	
	1-red 2- fat 3-embroidering 4- sewing 5-Travelling
	
	1-curly 2- introvert 3- spotty 4- talking 5- Portuguese
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:39:22
	
Explicação:
1. HAIR: curly/ blond/wavy/ stubborn/red
2. WEIGHT: plump/introvert/skinny/fat/ thin/slim
3. SKIN: embroidering/ white/dark/spotty/wrinkled
4. HOBBY: singing/sewing/painting/cooking/talking
5. SUBJECTS: Portuguese, Arts, Travelling,History, Geography 
stubborn = personality
introvert = personality
embroidering = skin
talking = personality
travelling = subjects
 
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"In such an essay a writer presents a balanced study of a topic. To write such an essay, the writer must have real and extensive knowledge aboutthe subject. There is no scope for the writer¿s feelings or emotions. It is completely based on facts, statistics, examples etc."
► The previous information refers to a specific type of essay. Which one?
		
	
	narrative essay
	
	persuasive essay
	
	descriptive essay
	 
	expository essay
	
	mandatory essay
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:39:50
	
Explicação:
Expository essays focus on a balanced discussion on a topic, which demands an advanced level of knowledge on the subject under reflection/discussion.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Leia a letra da música de Bon Jovi
Misunderstood
 Should I? Could I? Have said the wrong things right a thousand times If I could just rewind I see it in my mind If I could turn back time, you'd still be mine You cried, I died I should've shut my mouth, things headed south As the words slipped off my tongue, they sounded dumb If this old heart could talk, it'd say you're the one I'm wasting time when I think about it
Que expressão pode ser encontrada na letra que poderiam explicar a palavra rewind (retrocesso)?
		
	
	Wasting time
	
	Sounded dumb
	
	shut my mouth.
	
	Slipped off
	 
	Turn back in time
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:40:13
	
Explicação:
Rewind = turn back in time = voltar no tempo.
ASPECTS OF FORMALITY AND INFORMALITY IN WRITI...
7a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	Consider the following list of elements:
I. Formal register
II. Use of headings for every section
III. No presence of verb contractions
IV. Written to someone who has the power to act and solve problems
V. Introduction outlines the purpose of the text (= a preview of every section to come)
► The previous information refers to a specific text type. Which one?
		
	
	formal letter
	 
	report
	
	mandatory essay
	
	informal letter
	
	proposal
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:41:48
	
Explicação:
The introduction of a report outlines the sections to come.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Which line can be found at the beginning of a letter or email?
		
	 
	I am writing in response to your advertisement in today's newspaper for an IT consultant.
	
	Take care. I can¿t wait to see you next week.
	
	Write, or better still, e-mail me soon.
	
	We trust this arrangement meets with your satisfaction.
	
	Just a note to say thank you so much for having me to stay last weekend.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:42:10
	
Explicação:
This line can be found at the beginning of a letter or email. It is a formal way to start responding to a previous letter or email.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	 Which of the forms below may be used in a FORMAL context?
		
	
	Won't
	 
	Invigorating
	
	Kids
	
	Awesome
	
	Guy
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:42:26
	
Explicação:
Because of a writing system that incorporates etymology, spelling cues not present in oral discourse can give readers additional clues to the relationship between words through a vague awareness of different morphological classes.
Anglo-Saxon words are usually characterised by a cloudy morphology (early\ere), wildly unphonemic spelling, and the presence of silent letters and digraphs. Common affixes are ¿un-¿, ¿-ful¿, and ¿-ness¿. These are the most common words used to describe everyday, informal and interpersonal matters.
Romance words are also common and bear closer resemblance to French morphemes and words (very\vrais). There is often more regularity in their spelling.
Latinate and Greek words are set apart from Romance words by very methodical morphology, Classical Latin and Greek morphemes, and consistent spelling. They usually have rigid definitions and are used more frequently in formal and scientific writing as well as in constructing technical, philosophical, and legal jargon.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Which of the greetings suits an informal letter?
		
	
	Sirs
	
	To the President
	 
	Dear Rachel
	
	Madam
	
	To the manager of the company
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:42:52
	
Explicação:
Dear = infornal way to address.
All the others are formal. 
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following passage from an academic proposal:
"I believe that if all the suggested measures were implemented, the college would be able to reduce wastage by at least 20% every year".
► The previous information is more likely to appear in which part of the proposal?
		
	
	In the introduction
	
	In the section immediately before the conclusion
	
	In an additional paragraph right after the conclusion
	
	In the first section (right after the introduction)
	 
	In the conclusion
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:43:25
	
Explicação:
The conclusion rounds off the text by reinforcing the importance of the suggestions/recommendations which have already been proposed by highlighting their possible outcomes.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Which line is considered informal in a letter or email?
		
	
	I am writing in response to your advertisement in today¿s newspaper for an IT consultant.
	
	 We trust this arrangement meets with your satisfaction.
	 
	Great to hear from you again.
	
	Give my regards to Robert and all the family.
	
	I¿m sorry I haven¿t been in touch for so long, but you know how it is.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:43:52
	
Explicação:
Great to hear from you again in an informal line placed at the beginning of a letter or email.
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Read the following statements and mark the only option which should not be considered when one decides to write a letter:
		
	
	write a personal letter if you are writing to a friend
	
	choose what style of letter to write
	
	consider the purpose of the letter
	
	employ formal language if you are writing a business letter
	 
	disregard the letter degree of formality or informality
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:44:31
	
Explicação:
It is necessary to consider who you are writing to in order to establish the degree of formality. 
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	After reading the sentence, choose the correct conjunctive: "She did not go to the show_____________ she had already seen it."
		
	 
	because;
	
	until;
	
	but;
	
	while.
	
	so;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:44:50
	
Explicação:
Because = porque.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND S...
8a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	I. Read the text below:
"In this paper, the author first records, transcribes and then analyses a short extract from an English conversation between two native speakers. It aims to reveal that rules and features undoubtedly exist in people's daily speeches. Though they are quick and evanescent, speeches are more or less organized and structured. For this reason, both language learners and teachers should lay stress on rules and functions of spoken discourse."
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a research paper. Which one?
 
		
	
	Results & Analysis
	
	References
	
	Introduction
	
	Literature review
	 
	Abstract
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:45:58
	
Explicação:
The text offers an overview of the paper, which means it refers to an "abstract".
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"Speech, which is the primary and universal method of communication, plays a far more important role in our lives than the other way, writing. This is probably because most people speak much more than they write."
► The previous information refers to a specific technique employed when writing research papers. Which one?
 
		
	
	Conjunctions
	
	Passive voice
	
	Lexical units
	
	Linking words/phrases
	 
	Pronouns/reference words
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:46:36
	
Explicação:
The highlighted element is used to previous information, which is the function of pronouns.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	The following sentence has a false cognate (the word in italics): "Attend the telephone!" Rewriteit substituting the false cognate for the CORRECT word. Mark this word:
		
	
	Buy;
	 
	Answer;
	
	Take;
	
	Bring;
	
	Go;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:47:04
	
Explicação:
 Answer = atender
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	A prefix is a set of letters that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning. Mark the correct word with happy:
		
	
	dishappy;
	
	mishappy;
	 
	unhappy;
	
	rehappy;
	
	underhappy.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:47:38
	
Explicação:
Unhappy = infeliz.
 
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	What is the meaning of the phrasal verb ¿catch on¿?
		
	 
	Become popular
	
	Meet
	
	Follow
	
	Approach
	
	Reach
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:48:09
	
Explicação:
Catch on = become popular ( Easter medicine catches on with western doctors.)
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Mark the only option which presents the correct order of adjectives to complete the following sentence: Her paintings consisted of mainly
		
	
	roses red gardenpictures
	
	pictures red garden roses
	
	garden red pictures roses
	
	red pictures roses garden
	 
	red rose garden pictures
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:48:33
	
Explicação:
ADJECTIVE ORDER; Opinion - size - age -shape (or shape -age) - color - origin - material - purpose.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Leia atentamente as frases abaixo e escolha a que não tem um verbo auxiliar.
		
	
	He's been in there for ages.
	 
	A study shows a link between smoking and fertility problems.
	
	Depression has become a global disease.
	
	Paul will be a footballer some day .
	
	The film is produced in Hollywood.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:49:42
	
Explicação:
 
The film is produced in Hollywood.
Paul will be a footballer some day .
He's been in there for ages.
Depression has become a global disease.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Cognate awareness is the ability to use cognates in a primary language as a tool for understanding a second language. Mark the COGNATE word:
		
	 
	popular;
	
	library;
	
	realize;
	
	record;
	
	notice;
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:50:10
	
Explicação:
​​​​​​Popular = popular
COHESION AND COHERENCE IN READING
9a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	(in a fitting room) Daughter: Mom, what do you think about this dress?
Mom: Oh dear, I think that's too short for you. Would you try this? (showing another dress she is holding).
The type of cohesion used in the above example is:
 
		
	
	comparative
	 
	demonstrative
	
	nominal substitution
	
	personal
	
	verbal substitution
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:51:32
	
Explicação:
We can see there is a use of demonstrative pronouns, such as tˆ¿andt¿^andthis¿ to refer to something that is being mentioned or shown.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	We have studied some techniques to achieve cohesion. Mark the option which does NOT suit one of them:
		
	
	Synonym = If direct repetition is too obvious, use a synonym of the word you wish to repeat. This strategy is called  "elegant variation."
	 
	Formal language = it is more common when we write. Informal language= it is more common when we speak.
	
	Parallelism = Repeat a sentence structure. This technique is the oldest, most overlooked, but probably the most elegant method of creating cohesion.
	
	Transitions = Use a conjunction or conjunctive adverb to link sentences with particular logical relationships.
	
	Repetition = In sentence B (the second of any two sentences), repeat a word from sentence A.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:52:09
	
Explicação:
Formal and informal languages are not techniques to achieve cohesion.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Which of the following connectors can imply the communicative function of ADDITION in connected dicourse?
		
	 
	furthermore
	
	incidentally
	
	however
	
	with respect to
	
	because
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:52:31
	
Explicação: The other alternatives imply, respectively: b - reference, c - contrast, d - cause, e - digression; the only one that can imply addition is a - furthermore.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Mark the option which describes the most natural and most common order of sentences in English:
		
	
	Subject-object-verb
	 
	Subject-verb-object
	
	Object-verb-subject
	
	Complement-subject-verb
	
	Verb-verb-appositive
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:52:54
	
Explicação:
subject +verb+object = direct order in English, no comma is needed.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	Formal language consists of complete sentences with proper grammar. Informal language may use abbreviations, emojis (in written form), contractions and slang. Mark the option which represents an example of an informal language:
		
	
	"If you could shut the window please, that would be lovely."
	
	"I am pleased to meet you. You are a very polite man."
	 
	"Went to Barcelona for the weekend. Lots to tell you, guy!"
	
	"It has been very nice to see you. We would be glad to see you again soon."
	
	"It is extremely hot today. Would like to go to the beach?"
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:53:18
	
Explicação:
More informal vocabulary commonly involves shorter words, slangs, contractions, abbreviations and colloquial words/expressions.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	There are some ways in which writers can link sentences together to form texts, except:
		
	
	Repeat a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence.
	 
	Use a pro-form (e.g. pronoun) in the first sentence .
	
	Use a synonym of a word from the first sentence in the second.
	
	Use a sequence marker [e.g. Firstly, secondly/ a), b), c)]
	
	Use connectives (e.g. addition, time relaters)
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:53:45
	
Explicação:
Repeating a word or words from the first sentence in the second sentence.
Energy in food is measured in calories. Approximately 50% of the calories we consume are used in physical activity.
Use a synonym of a word from the first sentence in the second.
The surroundings in which we carry out our daily lives are very important to us. We are continually aware of our environment as we go about our business.
Use a pro-form (e.g. pronoun) in the second sentence.
Trees are an essential part of a city's development. They help reduce pollution and provide shade.
 Use a sequence marker [e.g. Firstly, secondly/ a), b), c)]
The maize plant faces two main pests. The first is the weevil borer whose larvae eat their way through the maize plant.
Use connectives (e.g. addition, time relaters)
The UAE is spending a lot of money to improve its environment. For example, it invested millions of dollars developing forests in the desert.
 
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Coherence can be achieved in a number of ways, except:
		
	
	Using transition signals to link ideas
	
	Using consistent pronouns
	 
	Always replacing nouns with pronouns
	
	Arranging your ideas in logical order
	
	Repeating key nouns
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:54:13
	
Explicação:
Using consistent pronouns has to do with substituting nouns with pronouns in an effective way. A text that does not use pronouns to some extent will come across as overly repetitive. The important part when using pronouns is to be consistent by using the same person and number throughout the paragraph or text.
Repeat key nouns. Even if nouns typically are the words that should be repeated, also words from other word classes can be repeated if they are central to the topic of the text. There is no set rule as to how often a key noun can be repeated - the guiding principle must be clarity and an avoidance of making the reader feel that there is too much repetition. An alternative to repeating a key noun over and over is to use another noun that has the same, or at least very similar, meaning: a synonym.
Logical order - any academictext will be incomprehensible unless the ideas expressed in it are arranged in some sort of logical fashion.
Transition signals (sometimes called linking words or linking adverbials) ¿ it has to do with the use of specific words and phrases that evoke links and transition between ideas.
Always replacing nouns with pronouns ¿ not correct. This replacement should be done only when necessary and in an effective way.
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"In conclusion, the book succinctly addresses many pressing questions asked by both novices and experts in the field of SLA and could be a useful tool in an introductory SLA course. However, it is advisable that the book is not read without the guidance of someone very familiar with the field of SLA, since many of its claims and examples are not supported with empirical evidence and come across as contrary to the findings and beliefs of many of the currently and historically accepted schools of thought on SLA theory. All in all, it is a recommended source of information for those interested in SLA issues due to the structured format of the book."
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a book review. Which one?
 
		
	 
	Recommendation
	
	Discussion
	
	Summary
	
	Reference
	
	Heading
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:54:37
	
Explicação:
This is the last section of a book review, the moment the reviewer has to inform on whether the book should be read (or not) and why. Notice on the use of the structure 'it is a recommended source of information'.
THE WRITING OF ARGUMENTATIVE PARAGRAPHS
10a unidade
		1
          Questão
	
	
	What are the characteristics of persuasive texts? Mark the WRONG option about them:
		
	
	Use repeated words and exclamation marks.
	
	Often have text in capital letters;
	
	Are written as emotional, one-sided argument.
	 
	​​​​​​Always use humor.
	
	Use rhetorical questions.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:56:05
	
Explicação:
Sometimes use humor.
	
	
	 
		2
          Questão
	
	
	The term whether in Experts are questioning whether diet drinks could raise depression risk after a large study has found a link. introduces:
		
	 
	a supposition.
	
	a denial.
	
	a dismissal.
	
	an acceptance.
	
	a certainty.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:56:37
	
Explicação:
Whether may be the same as `if¿ and it indicates a supposition .
Ex = We should find out whether the museum is open.
	
	
	 
		3
          Questão
	
	
	Which alternative has an example of a run-on-sentence?
		
	
	Adam and Rachel were on their way to the yard sale; an old man waved briskly to them.
	
	When Adam and Rachel were on their way to the yard sale, an old man waved briskly to them.
	
	Adam and Rachel were on their way to the yard sale. An old man waved briskly to them.
	 
	Adam and Rachel were on their way to the yard sale, an old man waved briskly to them.
	
	Adam and Rachel were on their way to the yard sale an old, and man waved briskly to them.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:57:06
	
Explicação:
Adam and Rachel were on their way to the yard sale, an old man waved briskly to them.
In this sentence there is an incorrect punctuation (the comma is wrongly used).All the other sentences are correctly punctuated.
	
	
	 
		4
          Questão
	
	
	Read the text below:
"In response to your advertisement in last Friday's The New York Times' newspaper for a Trainee accounts manager, please find enclosed my CV. The job attracted me because it emphasized that your company had great opportunities for people who were keen to learn. I also know that your company is a world leader in the creation of innovative products."
► The previous text is an example of a specific section in a letter of application. Which one?
		
	
	Salutation
	
	Contact information
	
	Closing
	
	Second middle paragraph
	 
	Opening paragraph
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:58:05
	
Explicação:
The piece of writing contextualized the reasons for getting in contact, which should be done in the opening paragraph.
	
	
	 
		5
          Questão
	
	
	A RUN-ON SENTENCE is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are written one after another with no punctuation (fused sentences) or with incorrect punctuation (comma splice). Which alternative has an example of a run-on-sentence?
		
	 
	A newly arrived international student faces many problems, for example, he has to cope with a new culture.
	
	John is a musician. He plays the guitar for a living.
	
	The grocery store was really packed with people. There must have been a big sale today.
	
	Learning a new language is similar to learning to swim; it takes a lot of practice.
	
	The experiment failed because it had been left unobserved for too long.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:58:32
	
Explicação:
CORRECT: A newly arrived international student faces many problems; for example, he has to cope with a new culture.
	
	
	 
		6
          Questão
	
	
	Here are some connectors you may use more commonly in your paragraphs to start supporting sentences. Mark the only one which cannot be used with this meaning:
		
	
	To start with
	
	First
	
	To begin with
	 
	To end up
	
	First of all
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:58:49
	
Explicação:
To end up = it is used to conclude, not to supply supporting ideas. 
	
	
	 
		7
          Questão
	
	
	Here are some connectors you may use more commonly in your paragraphs to continue the supporting sentences. Mark the only one which cannot be used with this meaning.
		
	
	Besides
	
	In addition to
	
	Also
	 
	In summary
	
	Secondly
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:59:02
	
Explicação:
'In summary' is used to conclude the text.
	
		
	Gabarito
Comentado
	
	
	 
		8
          Questão
	
	
	The key to a good paragraph is its topic sentence. Which of the following alternatives is NOT the function of a topic sentence?
		
	 
	To substitute for a title to the paragraph.
	
	To give an opinion or impression of the writer about the topic.
	
	To introduce the topic immediately.
	
	To limit the topic.
	
	To show an attitude or a reaction of the writer to the topic.
	Respondido em 21/09/2021 22:59:22
	
Explicação:
A topic sentence is not and cannot be considered a title. The topic sentence states the opinion that the writer wants the audience to accept.