Buscar

Common mental disorders among health care students

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes
Você viu 3, do total de 7 páginas

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes
Você viu 6, do total de 7 páginas

Faça como milhares de estudantes: teste grátis o Passei Direto

Esse e outros conteúdos desbloqueados

16 milhões de materiais de várias disciplinas

Impressão de materiais

Agora você pode testar o

Passei Direto grátis

Você também pode ser Premium ajudando estudantes

Prévia do material em texto

Common mental disorders among health care
students
 Transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes da área
de saúde
$EV W UDF W$EV W UDF W$EV W UDF W$EV W UDF W$EV W UDF W
2EMHFWLYHV2EMHFWLYHV2EMHFWLYHV2EMHFWLYHV2EMHFWLYHV�� 7KLV� VWXG\� DLPHG� WR� GHWHUPLQH� WKH� SUHYDOHQFH� RI� FRPPRQ�PHQWDO� GLVRUGHUV� �&0'V�� DPRQJ� WKH� SRSXODWLRQ� RI
JUDGXDWH�VWXGHQWV� LQ�3K\VLFDO�(GXFDWLRQ��1XUVLQJ��'HQWLVWU\�DQG�0HGLFLQH�DW� WKH�8QLYHUVLW\�RI�3HUQDPEXFR��DV�ZHOO�DV� WR�DQDO\]H
WKH� UHODWLRQVKLS� EHWZHHQ�&0'V� DQG� VRPH� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI� WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV�� 0HWKRGV0HWKRGV0HWKRGV0HWKRGV0HWKRGV�� $� FURVV�VHFWLRQDO� VWXG\�ZDV
FDUULHG�RXW�LQ�WKH�VHFRQG�VHPHVWHU�RI������LQYROYLQJ�DOO�VWXGHQWV�LQ�WKH�VHFRQG�DQG�VL[WK�VHPHVWHUV�RI�HDFK�FRXUVH��$�WRWDO�RI����
VWXGHQWV� UHVSRQGHG� WR� WZR� VHOI�UHSRUWLQJ� TXHVWLRQQDLUHV�� WKH� 6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH�654���� DQG� DQRWKHU� TXHVWLRQQDLUH
UHJDUGLQJ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�WKH�WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ�SURFHVV��5HVXOWV5HVXOWV5HVXOWV5HVXOWV5HVXOWV��7KH�RYHUDOO�SUHYDOHQFH�RI�&0'V�ZDV�������DQG�ZDV�VLJQLILFDQWO\
KLJKHU�DPRQJ�VWXGHQWV�ZKR� IHOW�RYHUORDGHG��25� �����������&,� ����������RU� UHSRUWHG�VSHFLDO� VLWXDWLRQV�GXULQJ�FKLOGKRRG�DQG
DGROHVFHQFH� �25� ������� ����&,� ����������� &RQFOXVLRQ&RQFOXVLRQ&RQFOXVLRQ&RQFOXVLRQ&RQFOXVLRQ�� 7KHVH� ILQGLQJV� FDQ� VHUYH� DV� WKH� EDVLV� IRU� GHYHORSPHQW� RI� SURJUDPV
RI�GLVHDVH�SUHYHQWLRQ�DQG�VWXGHQW�PHQWDO�KHDOWK�FDUH��DV�ZHOO�DV�FROODERUDWLQJ�ZLWK� UHIOHFWLRQV�RQ� WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ�SURFHVVHV
LQ� XQLYHUVLW\� FRXUVHV�
.....H\ZRUGVH\ZRUGVH\ZRUGVH\ZRUGVH\ZRUGV��0HQWDO� GLVRUGHUV�� 6WXGHQWV�� +HDOWK� RFFXSDWLRQV��0HQWDO� KHDOWK�� 7HDFKLQJ�� /HDUQLQJ
5HVXPR5HVXPR5HVXPR5HVXPR5HVXPR
2EMHWLYRV2EMHWLYRV2EMHWLYRV2EMHWLYRV2EMHWLYRV�� 2� HVWXGR� REMHWLYRX� GHWHUPLQDU� D� SUHYDOrQFLD� GH� 7UDQVWRUQRV�PHQWDLV� FRPXQV� �70&�� QD� SRSXODomR� GH� HVWXGDQWHV� GRV
FXUVRV� GH� JUDGXDomR� HP�(GXFDomR� )tVLFD�� (QIHUPDJHP��2GRQWRORJLD� H�0HGLFLQD�� GD�8QLYHUVLGDGH� GH� 3HUQDPEXFR�� H� DQDOLVDU� D
VXD� DVVRFLDomR� FRP� DOJXPDV� FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV� GR� SURFHVVR� HQVLQR�DSUHQGL]DJHP�� 0pWRGRV0pWRGRV0pWRGRV0pWRGRV0pWRGRV��8P� HVWXGR� WUDQVYHUVDO� IRL� FRQGX]LGR�
QR��ž�VHPHVWUH�GH�������FRP�WRGRV�RV�HVWXGDQWHV�GRV��ž�H��ž�SHUtRGRV�GH�FDGD�XP�GRV�FXUVRV�HQYROYLGRV��8P�WRWDO�GH�����DOXQRV
UHVSRQGHX� DR� 6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH�654���� H� D� XP� TXHVWLRQiULR� VREUH� DV� FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV� GR� SURFHVVR� HQVLQR�DSUHQGL]D�
JHP�� 5HVXOWDGRV5HVXOWDGRV5HVXOWDGRV5HVXOWDGRV5HVXOWDGRV�� $� SUHYDOrQFLD� WRWDO� GRV� WUDQVWRUQRV�PHQWDLV� FRPXQV� IRL� GH� ������� VHQGR� VLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWH�PDLRU� HQWUH� RV
TXH� VH� VHQWLDP� VREUHFDUUHJDGRV� �25� ������ ,&������������� H� RV�TXH�DILUPDUDP�D�SUHVHQoD�GH� VLWXDo}HV� HVSHFLDLV� GXUDQWH�D
LQIkQFLD�H�DGROHVFrQFLD� �25� ������ ,&�������������� &RQFOXVmR&RQFOXVmR&RQFOXVmR&RQFOXVmR&RQFOXVmR��(VWHV� UHVXOWDGRV�VmR� LPSRUWDQWHV�SDUD�VXEVLGLDU�Do}HV�YROWDGDV
SDUD�D�SUHYHQomR�H�R�FXLGDGR�FRP�D�VD~GH�PHQWDO�GRV�HVWXGDQWHV��DVVLP�FRPR�SDUD�FRODERUDU�FRP�UHIOH[}HV�DFHUFD�GR�SURFHVVR
HQVLQR�DSUHQGL]DJHP� QRV� FXUVRV� XQLYHUVLWiULRV�
'HVFULWRUHV'HVFULWRUHV'HVFULWRUHV'HVFULWRUHV'HVFULWRUHV�� 7UDQVWRUQRV�PHQWDLV�� (VWXGDQWHV� GH� FLrQFLDV� GD� VD~GH�� 6D~GH�PHQWDO�� (QVLQR�� $SUHQGL]DJHP
Article based on the Masters thesis “Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders in health care students at Universidade de Pernambuco
(UPE) and its association with some of the characteristics of the teaching-learning process” by Vera Lúcia Dutra Facundes, defended
before the Masters in Collective Health Committee at UFPE on 15 May, 2002.
1 Department of Occupational Therapy, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil
2 Department of Social Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife (PE), Brazil
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
Financing: Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação Científica
(PIBIC), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e
Tecnológico (CNPq), process 40040
Conflicts of interests: None
Submitted: 14 April 2004
Accepted: 2 August 2004
Correspondence
Vera Lúcia D Facundes
R. Padre Inglês, nº 178/13, Boa Vista
50050-230 Recife, PE
Phones: (81) 3423-6375 (home)/ 2126-8931 (UFPE)/
9978-9957 (cellular)
Fax: (81) 2126-8590
E-mail: verafacundes@yahoo.com.br
25,*,1$/� $57,&/(25,*,1$/� $57,&/(25,*,1$/� $57,&/(25,*,1$/� $57,&/(25,*,1$/� $57,&/(
194
Vera Lúcia Dutra Facundes,1 Ana Bernarda Ludermir2
2ULJLQDO� YHUVLRQ� DFFHSWHG� LQ� 32ULJLQDO� YHUVLRQ� DFFHSWHG� LQ� 32ULJLQDO� YHUVLRQ� DFFHSWHG� LQ� 32ULJLQDO� YHUVLRQ� DFFHSWHG� LQ� 32ULJLQDO� YHUVLRQ� DFFHSWHG� LQ� 3RURURURURU WXJXHVHWXJXHVHWXJXHVHWXJXHVHWXJXHVH
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
Mental health and the teaching-learning process 195
,Q W URGXFW LRQ,QW URGXFW LRQ,QW URGXFW LRQ,QW URGXFW LRQ,QW URGXFW LRQ
6WXGHQW�LQWHJUDWLRQ�LQWR�D�XQLYHUVLW\�LV�D�PXOWLIDFHWHG�SURFHVV�
DFKLHYHG� GXULQJ� WKH� GDLO\� URXWLQH� WKURXJK� UHODWLRQVKLSV
HVWDEOLVKHG� EHWZHHQ� WKH� H[SHFWDWLRQV� DQG� DELOLWLHV� RI� WKH
VWXGHQWV� DQG� WKH� VWUXFWXUH� DQG� QRUPV� RI� WKH� LQVWLWXWLRQ�
$FFRUGLQJ�WR�3RO\GRUR�HW�DO���WKLV�SURFHVV�LQYROYHV�WZR�LPSRUWDQW
IDFWRUV�� ��� H[WHUQDO� DVSHFWV� RI� WKH� DFDGHPLF� DQG� VRFLDO
HQYLURQPHQW� DQG� ��� LQWHUQDO� DVSHFWV� RI� WKH� LQGLYLGXDO�� VXFK
DV�DELOLW\� WR� IDFH�VLWXDWLRQV��SV\FKRVRPDWLF�SK\VLFDO� UHDFWLRQV
DQG�PRRG�VWDWH���$FFRUGLQJ� WR� WKH�DXWKRUV�� WKHVH�DVSHFWV�DUH
UHODWHG�WR�KLJKHU�HGXFDWLRQ�LQ�D�EURDGHU�PDQQHU�� LQGHSHQGHQW
RI� WKH� VSHFLILFV� RI� HDFK� FRXUVH�
,Q� WKH� ILHOG� RI� KHDOWK� FDUH�� VRPH� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI� WKH
WHDFKLQJ�SURFHVV�DQG�RI�WKH�UHDOLW\�RI�XQLYHUVLW\�OLIH�IRU�VWXGHQWV
LQ� VRPH�FRXUVHV�KDYH�EHHQ� LPSOLFDWHG�DV�FRQIOLFW� JHQHUDWRUV�
DEOH� WR� QHJDWLYHO\� DIIHFW� VWXGHQW� DFDGHPLF� SHUIRUPDQFH�
SK\VLFDO� KHDOWK� DQG� SV\FKRORJLFDO� ZHOO�EHLQJ����
0RVW�VWXGLHV�FRQGXFWHG� LQ� WKLV�DUHD�KDYH� IRFXVHG�RQ�PHGLFDO
VWXGHQWV�DQG�FRXUVHV��FRQVLGHULQJ� WKH�YLFLVVLWXGHV�RI� WKH�FRXUVH
LWVHOI�� ZKLFK� H[SRVH� VWXGHQWV� WR� VRXUFHV� RI� WHQVLRQ�� IURP� WKH
DGPLVVLRQ� SURFHVV� WR� JUDGXDWLRQ�� 6XFK� VWUHVV� IDFWRUV� LQFOXGH
FRPLQJ�LQWR�FRQWDFW�ZLWK�GHDWK�DQG�ZLWK�LQQXPHUDEOH�SDWKRORJLFDO
SURFHVVHV��SHUIRUPLQJ� WKH� ILUVW� SK\VLFDO� H[DP�RQ�D�SDWLHQW�� IHDU
RI�DFTXLULQJ�GLVHDVHV�DQG�IHHOLQJV�RI�LQDGHTXDF\�ZKHQ�FRQIURQWLQJ
FHUWDLQ� GLVHDVHV�� $OO� RI� WKLV�PD\� OHDG� WKH� VWXGHQWV� WR� HQJDJH
SV\FKRORJLFDO� GHIHQVH� PHFKDQLVPV� VXFK� DV� GLVVRFLDWLRQ� RU
LVRODWLRQ�RI�WKH�DIIHFW�����5REHUWV�HW�DO��VKRZHG�WKDW�DSSUR[LPDWHO\
RQH�IRXUWK�RI�PHGLFDO�VWXGHQWV� LQ� WKH�86$�SUHVHQW�V\PSWRPV�RI
PHQWDO�GLVWUHVV��,Q�D�VWXG\�FRQGXFWHG�LQ�QLQH�$PHULFDQ�PHGLFDO
VFKRROV�� WKH� DXWKRUV� IRXQG� WKDW� DSSUR[LPDWHO\�����RI� VWXGHQWV
UHSRUWHG�UHTXLULQJ�PHGLFDO�DWWHQWLRQ�GXH�WR�YDULRXV�KHDOWK�SUREOHPV�
DQG� ���� SUHVHQWHG� DW� OHDVW� RQH� RI� WKH� SV\FKLDWULF� V\PSWRPV
LQYHVWLJDWHG� �VWUHVV�� IDWLJXH�� DQ[LHW\�� GHSUHVVLRQ�� KHDGDFKH� DQG
HDWLQJ� GLVRUGHUV�� GXULQJ� WKH� FRXUVH�
7KH�SV\FKRORJLFDO�ZHOO�EHLQJ�RI�XQLYHUVLW\�VWXGHQWV� LQ�RWKHU
FRXUVHV� RI� KHDOWK� FDUH�� VXFK� DV� QXUVLQJ������DQG� GHQWLVWU\������
KDV� DOVR� EHHQ� LQYHVWLJDWHG�� $PRQJ� WKHVH� VWXGLHV�� WKH� UHVXOWV
ZHUH�VLPLODU�LQ�WHUPV�RI�WKH�VLJQV�RI�SV\FKLF�GLVWUHVV�H[KLELWHG
E\�VWXGHQWV�ZKHQ� IDFLQJ�GLIILFXOWLHV� UHODWHG� WR�SHUIRUPDQFH� LQ
DFDGHPLF� DFWLYLWLHV�� 7KHVH� FKDOOHQJHV� LQFOXGH� IHDU� RI�PDNLQJ
PLVWDNHV�� WLPH� PDQDJHPHQW� LQ� MXJJOLQJ� D� JUHDW� QXPEHU� RI
DFWLYLWLHV��ODFN�RI�PRWLYDWLRQ�WR�VWXG\��ORZ�DFDGHPLF�SHUIRUPDQFH
DQG�GLIILFXOW\� LQ� LQWHJUDWLQJ�VHYHUDO�VXEMHFWV�� ,Q�DGGLWLRQ�� ODFN
RI�WHDFKHU�VXSSRUW�DQG�FRXQVHOLQJ��UHODWLRQVKLS�GLIILFXOWLHV�ZLWK
FROOHDJXHV� DQG� UHODWLYHV�� DQG� VRFLDO�ILQDQFLDO� DGDSWDWLRQ� FDQ
DOO� EH� DJJUDYDWLQJ� IDFWRUV�
$�VWXG\�UHFHQWO\�FRQGXFWHG�DW�WKH�)HGHUDO�8QLYHUVLW\�RI�6DQWD
0DULD�� XVLQJ� WKH� 6HOI�5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH� �654�����
VKRZHG�WKDW�WKH�SUHYDOHQFH�RI�PLQRU�SV\FKLDWULF�GLVRUGHUV�DPRQJ
VWXGHQWV� LQ� WKH� ILUVW� WR� WKH� WHQWK� VHPHVWHU� RI�PHGLFDO� VFKRRO
ZDV� ������� 7KH� DXWKRUV� IRXQG� WKDW�PHQWDO� GLVWUHVV� ZDV� QRWVWDWLVWLFDOO\� DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK� JHQGHU��PDULWDO� VWDWXV� RU� SODFH� RI
UHVLGHQFH� DQG� DGGHG� WKDW� WKLV� SUHYDOHQFH�PD\� EH� FRQVLGHUHG
KLJK�� HVSHFLDOO\� ZKHQ� FRPSDUHG� WR� WKH� ���� IRXQG� DPRQJ
VWXGHQWV�DW�WKH�)HGHUDO�8QLYHUVLW\�RI�3HORWDV�6FKRRO�RI�0HGLFLQH��
0LQRU� SV\FKLDWULF� GLVRUGHUV�� DOVR� NQRZQ� DV� FRPPRQ�PHQWDO
GLVRUGHUV� �&0'V��� DUH� FRPPRQO\� IRXQG� LQ� WKLV� SRSXODWLRQ� DQG
DIIHFW�WKH�SHUIRUPDQFH�RI�GDLO\�DFWLYLWLHV��7KH�&0'�V\PSWRPV�LQFOXGH
LQVRPQLD�� IDWLJXH�� LUULWDELOLW\�� IRUJHWIXOQHVV� DQG� GLIILFXOW\� LQ
FRQFHQWUDWLQJ��DV�ZHOO�DV�VRPDWLF�FRPSODLQWV��EXW�GR�QRW�HQFRPSDVV
SV\FKRWLF�GLVRUGHUV��FKHPLFDO�GHSHQGHQFH�RU�SHUVRQDOLW\�GLVRUGHUV���
,Q�WKH�SUHVHQW�VWXG\��WKH�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�ZDV�OLPLWHG�WR�VWXGHQWV
LQ� WKH� DUHD� RI� KHDOWK� FDUH�� :H� XQGHUVWDQG� WKDW� LW� LV� PRUH
SUXGHQW� WR� FRPSDUH� WKHVH� VWXGHQWV� DPRQJ� WKHPVHOYHV� VLQFH
WKH\�KDYH�VXEMHFWV�LQ�FRPPRQ�DQG�WKHLU�DFWLYLWLHV�RIWHQ�RYHUODS�
ERWK� GXULQJ� WUDLQLQJ� DQG� LQ� SUDFWLFH�� 7KH� REMHFWLYHV� RI� WKLV
VWXG\�ZHUH�WR�LGHQWLI\�WKH�SUHYDOHQFH�RI�&0'V�DPRQJ�JUDGXDWH
VWXGHQWV� LQ� WKH� FRXUVHV� RI� PHGLFLQH�� QXUVLQJ�� GHQWLVWU\� DQG
SK\VLFDO�HGXFDWLRQ�DW�WKH�8QLYHUVLW\�RI�3HUQDPEXFR��83(��DQG
WR� GHWHUPLQH� WKH� DVVRFLDWLRQ� EHWZHHQ� &0'� SUHYDOHQFH� DQG
VRPH� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI� WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV�
0HWKRGV0HWKRGV0HWKRGV0HWKRGV0HWKRGV
��� 6HWW LQJ��� 6HWW LQJ��� 6HWW LQJ��� 6HWW LQJ��� 6HWW LQJ
7KH� 83(� EHORQJV� WR� WKH� JRYHUQPHQW� RI� WKH� VWDWH� RI
3HUQDPEXFR�� 2I� WKH� ������� JUDGXDWH� VWXGHQWV�� ����� DUH
HQUROOHG� LQ� FRXUVHV� LQ� WKH� DUHD� RI� KHDOWK� FDUH���
��� 6WXG\� GHVLJQ� DQG� GDWD� FROOHFWLRQ��� 6WXG\� GHVLJQ� DQG� GDWD� FROOHFWLRQ��� 6WXG\� GHVLJQ� DQG� GDWD� FROOHFWLRQ��� 6WXG\� GHVLJQ� DQG� GDWD� FROOHFWLRQ��� 6WXG\� GHVLJQ� DQG� GDWD� FROOHFWLRQ
$� SUHYDOHQFH� VWXG\� ZDV� FRQGXFWHG� GXULQJ� WKH� PRQWKV� RI
$XJXVW��6HSWHPEHU�DQG�2FWREHU�RI������
$�SLORW�VWXG\�LQYROYLQJ�JUDGXDWH�VWXGHQWV�LQ�WKH�DUHDV�RI�PHGLFLQH
DQG�RFFXSDWLRQDO�WKHUDS\�DW�WKH�8)3(�ZDV�FRQGXFWHG��DLPLQJ�WR
WHVW� WKH� ODQJXDJH�XVHG� LQ� WKH� LQVWUXPHQWV�DQG� WKH� UHFHSWLYLW\�RI
WKH�VWXGHQWV�WR�WKH�VWXG\��7KLV�SURFHVV�ZDV�DOVR�SDUW�RI�WKH�WUDLQLQJ
FRXUVH� IRU� UHVHDUFK� DVVLVWDQWV�� ERWK� UHILQLQJ� WKH� TXHVWLRQQDLUH
RQ� WKH� FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI� WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV� DQG
LPSURYLQJ� WKH�PDQQHU� LQ�ZKLFK� WKH� LQVWUXPHQWV� DUH� DSSOLHG�
7KH�UHVHDUFKHUV�ZHUH�LQIRUPHG�E\�WKH�FRRUGLQDWRUV�RI�WKH�FRXUVHV
DERXW� WKH� LPSRVVLELOLW\� RI� LGHQWLI\LQJ� VWXGHQWV� E\� VHPHVWHU�� VLQFH
WKH� FXUULFXODU� IOH[LELOLW\� DOORZV� D� VWXGHQW�ZKR� IDOOV� EHKLQG� LQ� D
FRXUVH��GXH�WR�IDLOLQJ�RU�IRU�DQ\�RWKHU�UHDVRQ��WR�DWWHQG�FRXUVHV�LQ
RWKHU�GLVFLSOLQHV�LQ�WKH�VXEVHTXHQW�VHPHVWHU��7ZR�UHIHUHQFH�GLVFL�
SOLQHV�ZHUH�WKHQ�VHOHFWHG��RQH�LQ�WKH�VHFRQG�DQG�WKH�RWKHU�LQ�WKH
VL[WK�VHPHVWHU��RI�HDFK�RI�WKH�FRXUVHV�VWXGLHG��7KH�JOREDO�DVSHFW�RI
WKH� VWXG\� LQFOXGHG�DOO� VWXGHQWV� HQUROOHG� LQ� WKHVH�GLVFLSOLQHV�� 7KH
TXHVWLRQQDLUHV� DQG� WKH� LQIRUPHG� FRQVHQW� IRUPV�ZHUH� LQWURGXFHG
DQG�GLVWULEXWHG�WR� WKH�VWXGHQWV� LQ� WKH�FODVVURRP��(DFK�FODVVURRP
ZDV� YLVLWHG�PRUH� WKDQ� RQFH� �PD[LPXP�� WKUHH� WLPHV���ZLWK� WKH
LQWHQWLRQ�RI�JDLQLQJ�WKH�SDUWLFLSDWLRQ�RI�DOO�RI�WKH�VWXGHQWV�LQ�HDFK
GLVFLSOLQH��$Q\� VWXGHQW�ZKR�GLG�QRW� ILOO� RXW� RU� GLG�QRW� UHWXUQ� WKH
TXHVWLRQQDLUH�ZDV�FRQVLGHUHG�D� ´ORVVµ�
��� 5HVHDUFK� LQVWUXPHQWV��� 5HVHDUFK� LQVWUXPHQWV��� 5HVHDUFK� LQVWUXPHQWV��� 5HVHDUFK� LQVWUXPHQWV��� 5HVHDUFK� LQVWUXPHQWV
��������������� 6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH���6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH���6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH���6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH���6HOI� 5HSRUWLQJ� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH��� � �654����� �654����� �654����� �654����� �654����
7KH�6HOI�5HSRUWLQJ�4XHVWLRQQDLUH� �654����� LV�DQ� LQVWUXPHQW
GHVLJQHG�E\�WKH�:RUOG�+HDOWK�2UJDQL]DWLRQ�DQG�FRQVLVWV�RI�WZHQW\
\HV�QR� TXHVWLRQV�� IRXU� DERXW� SK\VLFDO� V\PSWRPV� DQG� VL[WHHQ
DERXW�SV\FKRORJLFDO�HPRWLRQDO�GLVRUGHUV����7KHVH�TXHVWLRQV�ZHUH
DQVZHUHG� LQ� WKH� SUHVHQW� VWXG\� FRQVLGHULQJ� WKH� SDVW� ��� GD\V�
2QH�RI�WKH�PRWLYDWLRQV�IRU�FKRRVLQJ�WKH�654����ZDV�WKDW�LW�KDV
EHHQ�YDOLGDWHG� LQ�D�QDWLRQZLGH� VWXG\�FRQGXFWHG� LQ�%UD]LO���� LQ
ZKLFK� WKH� VHQVLWLYLW\� DQG� VSHFLILFLW\�ZHUH� UHSRUWHG� WR� EH� ���
DQG������UHVSHFWLYHO\��FRPSDUDEOH�WR�WKH�����DQG�����UHSRUWHG
IRU�WKH�VWDWH�RI�3HUQDPEXFR������� ,Q�DGGLWLRQ��WKLV�TXHVWLRQQDLUH
KDV�DOVR�EHHQ�XVHG�LQ�D�VWXG\�LQYROYLQJ�PHGLFDO�VWXGHQWV���ZKLFK
HQDEOHG�FRPSDULVRQ�ZLWK�RXU�UHVXOWV��7KH�VWXGHQWV�ZHUH�GLYLGHG
LQWR�WZR�JURXSV��DFFRUGLQJ�WR�654����VFRUHV��0HQ�ZLWK�VFRUHV
HTXDO� WR� RU� OHVV� WKDQ� ILYH� DQG�ZRPHQ�ZLWK� VFRUHV� HTXDO� WR� RU
OHVV� WKDQ�VHYHQ�ZHUH�FODVVLILHG�DV�´QRQVXVSHFWµ��ZKHUHDV�PHQ
ZLWK�VFRUHV�HTXDO�WR�RU�JUHDWHU�WKDQ�VL[�DQG�ZRPHQ�ZLWK�VFRUHV
HTXDO� WR�RU�JUHDWHU� WKDQ�HLJKW�ZHUH�FODVVLILHG�DV� ´VXVSHFWµ�
��� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH� UHJDUGLQJ� FKDUDFWHULVW LFV� RI� WKH��� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH� UHJDUGLQJ� FKDUDFWHULVW LFV� RI� WKH��� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH� UHJDUGLQJ� FKDUDFWHULVW LFV� RI� WKH��� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH� UHJDUGLQJ� FKDUDFWHULVW LFV� RI� WKH��� 4XHVWLRQQDLUH� UHJDUGLQJ� FKDUDFWHULVW LFV� RI� WKH
WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVVWHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVVWHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVVWHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVVWHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV
'DWD�UHJDUGLQJ�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�WKH�WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ�SURFHVV
ZHUH� REWDLQHG� WKURXJK� WKH� XVH� RI� DQ� REMHFWLYH� TXHVWLRQQDLUH�
196 Facundes VLD & Ludermir AB
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
FRQVLVWLQJ�PDLQO\�RI�FORVHG�TXHVWLRQV�DQG�FRQVWUXFWHG�DFFRUGLQJ
WR�D�ELEOLRJUDSKLF� UHYLHZ���7KH�TXHVWLRQQDLUH�SUHVHQWV�TXHVWLRQV
UHJDUGLQJ� VRFLRGHPRJUDSKLF� YDULDEOHV� �VH[�� DJH�� SODFH� RI
UHVLGHQFH��RULJLQ��SHUVRQDO�LQFRPH�DQG�IDPLO\�LQFRPH���SUHYLRXV
KLVWRU\� RI� SV\FKLDWULF� RU� SV\FKRORJLFDO� WUHDWPHQW�� DQG
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�WKH�WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ�SURFHVV��7KH�ODVW�FDWHJRU\
LQFOXGHV� TXHVWLRQV� UHJDUGLQJ� PRVW� RIWHQ� HPSOR\HG� WHDFKLQJ
VWUDWHJLHV�� FODVVLILFDWLRQ� RI� WHDFKHU�VWXGHQW� UHODWLRQVKLSV��PDLQ
VWXG\�PRGHV��ZHHNO\�VFKHGXOH�RI�DFDGHPLF�DFWLYLWLHV�DQG�VRXUFHV
RI� WHQVLRQ� LQ� WKH�FRXUVH��DV�ZHOO�DV� WKH� UHDVRQ� IRU�FKRRVLQJ� WKH
FRXUVH�DQG�QXPEHU�RI�XQLYHUVLW\�HQWUDQFH�H[DPV�WDNHQ��,Q�RUGHU
WR�PLQLPL]H� WKH� GLIILFXOWLHV� LQ� LGHQWLI\LQJ� WKH� WLPH� VHTXHQFH� RI
WKH�HYHQWV��TXHVWLRQV�UHJDUGLQJ�VLWXDWLRQV�VXJJHVWLYH�RI�SUH�H[LVWLQJ
SV\FKRORJLFDO� GLVWUHVV�� DV� ZHOO� DV� TXHVWLRQV� UHJDUGLQJ� VSHFLDO
VLWXDWLRQV�GXULQJ�FKLOGKRRG�DQG�DGROHVFHQFH��ZHUH�DOVR�LQFOXGHG�
$GGLWLRQDO�FODULILFDWLRQV�UHJDUGLQJ�VRPH�RI�WKH�YDULDEOHV�DVVHVVHG�
�� 6HPHVWHU�� GHILQHG� ZLWKLQ� WKH� FXUULFXODU� VWUXFWXUH� RI� HDFK
FRXUVH� DQG� FDWHJRUL]HG� DV� LQLWLDO� �VHFRQG� VHPHVWHU�� RU
LQWHUPHGLDWH� �VL[WK� VHPHVWHU��
�� 2SWLQJ� IRU� WKH� FRXUVH�� SULQFLSDO� IDFWRU� WKDW�PRWLYDWHG� WKH
VWXGHQWV� WR� FKRRVH� WKH� FRXUVH��ZLWK�DOWHUQDWLYHV� VXFK�DV�� WKH
H[SDQGLQJ� ZRUN� ILHOG�� LGHQWLILFDWLRQ� ZLWK� WKH� SURILOH� RI� WKH
FRXUVH�� IDLOLQJ� LQ� SUHYLRXV� XQLYHUVLW\� HQWUDQFH� H[DPV�� DQG
RWKHUV��IDPLO\�LQIOXHQFH��VRFLDO�VWDWXV�RI�WKH�FRXUVH��SHUFHLYHG
REVWDFOHV� WR� SXUVXLQJ� WKHLU� FRXUVH� RI� FKRLFH��
��1XPEHU�RI�HQWUDQFH�H[DPV�WDNHQ�IRU�DGPLVVLRQ�WR�WKH�FXUUHQW
FRXUVH�� �� HQWUDQFH� H[DP� RU�PRUH� WKDQ��� HQWUDQFH� H[DP�
�� 7HDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� VWUDWHJLHV� GLYLGHG� LQWR� WKH� FDWHJRULHV�
FODVVHV� LQ� WKHRU\� WKDW� DUH� WRWDOO\� WHDFKHU�FHQWHUHG� RU� LQYROYH
G\QDPLF�UHDGLQJ�ZLWK�VWXGHQW�SDUWLFLSDWLRQ��GHEDWHV�RU�VHPLQDUV
LQYROYLQJ� WKH� HQWLUH� FODVV�� SUDFWLFDO� FODVVHV� LQFOXGLQJ� FOLQLFDO
SUDFWLFH� GHYHORSPHQW�� IHDWXULQJ� GUDPDWL]DWLRQV� DQG� UROH
SHUIRUPDQFH�� RU� LQYROYLQJ� FDVH� VWXGLHV�
�� 7HDFKHU�VWXGHQW� UHODWLRQVKLS�� FKDUDFWHUL]HG� DV� UHSHDWHG
PHHWLQJV�DW�SUHGHWHUPLQHG�WLPH�LQWHUYDOV��XVXDOO\�ZHHNO\��DQG�RYHU
D�GHVFULEHG�SHULRG��VHPHVWHU�RU�DFDGHPLF�\HDU���ZLWK�WKH�REMHFWLYH
RI� IDFLOLWDWLQJ� WKH� VWXGHQW� OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV�� 5HODWLRQVKLSV�ZHUH
GLYLGHG�E\� FDWHJRU\�� WHDFKHU�FHQWHUHG� RU�ZLWK� D�SUHGRPLQDQFH� RI
WKLV�DSSURDFK�DQG�RWKHU��SUHGRPLQDQWO\�VWXGHQW�FHQWHUHG�RU�EDODQFHG
EHWZHHQ� WHDFKHU�FHQWHUHG� DQG� VWXGHQW�FHQWHUHG� DVSHFWV��
��0RGH�RI�OHDUQLQJ��LQGLYLGXDO�VWXG\��SUDFWLFDO�OHVVRQV��FODV�VHV� LQ� WKHRU\��RU�JURXS�VWXG\�
��:HHNO\�DFDGHPLF�DFWLYLW\�VFKHGXOH��&RQVLVWLQJ�RI�FODVVHV�
PRQLWRULQJ��LQWHUQVKLSV��UHVHDUFK��HWF��DQG�FDWHJRUL]HG�DV�HLWKHU
��� WR����KRXUV�RU�PRUH� WKDQ����KRXUV�
��$FWLYLW\�RYHUORDG��IHHOLQJ�RYHUZKHOPHG�E\�D�SHUFHLYHG�H[FHVV
LQ� WKH� QXPEHU� RI� DFDGHPLF� DFWLYLWLHV�
�� 6RXUFHV� RI� WHQVLRQ� LQ� WKH� FRXUVH�� VFKHGXOH� RI� DFDGHPLF
DFWLYLWLHV�� GHPDQGV� RI� HYDOXDWLRQV�� UHODWLRQVKLS� GLIILFXOWLHV
�FROOHDJXHV��SURIHVVRUV��SDWLHQWV�RU�FOLHQWV���3URMHFW�RU�VHPLQDU
SUHVHQWDWLRQV�� SUDFWLFDO� FODVVHV�ZLWK� FOLHQWV� DQG� SDWLHQWV��
�� 6LWXDWLRQV� VXJJHVWLYH� RI� SV\FKLF� VXIIHULQJ� SULRU� WR� WKH
H[HFXWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWXG\��GUXJ�WUHDWPHQW�IRU�SV\FKLDWULF�GLVRUGHUV�
D�KLVWRU\�RI�SV\FKRWKHUDS\�� �SULRU� WR� WKH�VWXG\�RQVHW���FXUUHQW
SV\FKRWKHUDS\��LQ�SURFHVV�GXULQJ�WKH�VWXG\��EHJLQQLQJ�SULRU�WR
WKH� VWXG\� RQVHW�� DQG� VSHFLDO� VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ� FKLOGKRRG� DQG
DGROHVFHQFH� �VLWXDWLRQV� VXJJHVWLYH� RI� GLIILFXOWLHV�� HVSHFLDOO\
UHODWHG� WR� DFDGHPLF� SHUIRUPDQFH� RU� VRFLDO� LQWHUDFWLRQ��
��6SHFLDO�VLWXDWLRQV�GXULQJ�FKLOGKRRG�RU�DGROHVFHQFH��GHILQHG
DV� SUHVHQW� �\HV�� LQ� WKRVH� ZKR� UHSRUWHG� WKH� IROORZLQJ�� LOOQHVV
WKDW� KDV� DIIHFWHG� VRFLDO� LQWHUDFWLRQ�� IDLOLQJ� D� JUDGH� LQ� VFKRRO�
GLIILFXOW\� LQ�PDNLQJ�IULHQGV��GLIILFXOWLHV� LQ�DVNLQJ�TXHVWLRQV�GXH
WR� VK\QHVV�� IHDUV� WKDW� KDYH� DIIHFWHG� DFDGHPLF� SHUIRUPDQFH� RU
VRFLDO� UHODWLRQVKLSV�� LQVRPQLD�� SK\VLFDO� GLVFRPIRUW� UHODWHG� WR
DFDGHPLF� HYDOXDWLRQV�� GLIILFXOWLHV� LQ� UHODWLQJ� WR� DXWKRULW\� ILJX�
UHV��GLIILFXOW\� LQ� UHODWLQJ� WR�SDUHQWV��SDUHQW�WHDFKHU�FRQIHUHQFHV
UHJDUGLQJ� VWXGHQW� EHKDYLRU�� ODFN� RI� LQWHUHVW� LQ� DIIHFWLRQDWH
UHODWLRQVKLSV�� RU� GLIILFXOWLHV� LQ� UHFRQFLOLQJ� VWXG\�ZLWK� SOHDVXUH�
��� 'DWD� DQDO\VLV��� 'DWD� DQDO\VLV��� 'DWD� DQDO\VLV��� 'DWD� DQDO\VLV��� 'DWD� DQDO\VLV
'DWD�ZHUH�DQDO\]HG�XVLQJ�WKH�SURJUDP�6WDWD�����IRU�:LQGRZV�
$VVRFLDWLRQV� EHWZHHQ� YDULDEOHV� �LQGHSHQGHQW� DQG� FRYDULDEOHV�
DQG�&0'V�ZHUH�LQYHVWLJDWHG��DQG�WKH�VLPSOH�DQG�DGMXVWHG�RGGV
UDWLRV��25��ZHUH�FDOFXODWHG�DV�DQ�DSSUR[LPDWH�HVWLPDWLRQ�RI�WKH
SUHYDOHQFH�UDWLR�ZDV�PDGH��6WDWLVWLFDO�VLJQLILFDQFH�ZDV�HYDOXDWHG
XVLQJ�S�YDOXHV�DQG�WKH�FKL�VTXDUH� WHVW��ZLWK�D�UHVSHFWLYH����
FRQILGHQFH�LQWHUYDO������&,���/RJLVWLF�UHJUHVVLRQ�ZDV�XVHG�ZLWK
WKH� DLP� RI� DQDO\]LQJ� WKH� LQGHSHQGHQFH� RI� WKH� DVVRFLDWLRQ� RI
HDFK�YDULDEOH�ZLWK�&0'V��7KH�YDULDEOHV� LQFOXGHG� LQ� WKH�PRGHO
ZHUH�WKRVH�WKDW�KDYH�EHHQ�GHVFULEHG�LQ�WKH�OLWHUDWXUH�DV�SRWHQWLDO
FRQIRXQGLQJ� IDFWRUV� DQG� KDYH� EHHQ� VKRZQ� VLJQLI LFDQW
DVVRFLDWLRQV�DPRQJ� WKHPVHOYHV�DQG�ZLWK�&0'V� LQ� WKH�SUHVHQW
VWXG\�� ,Q� RUGHU� WR� FRPSDUH� WKH� YDULRXV�PRGHOV�� D� OLNHOLKRRG
UDWLR� WHVW� ZDV� FRQGXFWHG�� DQG� YDOXHV� RI� S� � � � � ����� ZHUH
FRQVLGHUHG� VWDWLVWLFDOO\� VLJQLILFDQW�
��� (WKLFDO� FRQVLGHUDWLRQV��� (WKLFDO� FRQVLGHUDWLRQV��� (WKLFDO� FRQVLGHUDWLRQV��� (WKLFDO� FRQVLGHUDWLRQV��� (WKLFDO� FRQVLGHUDWLRQV
7KLV�UHVHDUFK�ZDV�VXEPLWWHG�WR�WKH�(WKLFV�LQ�5HVHDUFK�&RPPLWWHH
RI�WKH�+HDOWK�6FLHQFHV�&HQWHU�RI� WKH�8)3(��5HVHDUFK�3URWRFRO�Qž
���������&(3�&&6���DWWDFKHG��DQG�ZDV�DSSURYHG�LQ�DFFRUGDQFH
ZLWK�5HVROXWLRQ�Qž���������RI� WKH�1DWLRQDO�+HDOWK�&RXQVHO�
5HVX O W V5HVX O W V5HVX O W V5HVX O W V5HVX O W V
2I� D� WRWDO� RI� ���� VWXGHQWV�� ���� ��������� FRPSOHWHG� WKH
TXHVWLRQQDLUHV�� ��� �������� GHFOLQHG� WR� SDUWLFLSDWH�� DQG� �
��������ZHUH� FRQVLGHUHG� ORVW� VLQFH� WKH\�ZHUH�QRW�SUHVHQW� LQ
WKH� FODVVURRP� ZKHQ� WKH� TXHVWLRQQDLUHV� ZHUH� DGPLQLVWHUHG�
7DEOHV� �� WR� �� VKRZ� WKH� GLVWULEXWLRQ� RI� LQGHSHQGHQW� DQG
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
Mental health and the teaching-learning process 197
FRGHSHQGHQW� YDULDEOHV� DQG� WKH� UHVXOWV� RI� WKH� QRQDGMXVWHG
DQDO\VLV�EHWZHHQ�&0'V�DQG� WKRVH�YDULDEOHV�
2YHUDOO� SUHYDOHQFH� RI� &0'V� LQ� WKH� VWXGLHG� SRSXODWLRQ� ZDV
������� ,Q� WKH� ELYDULDWH� DQDO\VLV� FRQGXFWHG� WR� LGHQWLI\
DVVRFLDWLRQV� RI� &0'V� ZLWK� WKH� GHPRJUDSKLF� DQG� VRFLR�
HFRQRPLF� YDULDEOHV� �7DEOH� ���� D� VWDWLVWLFDOO\� VLJQLILFDQW
DVVRFLDWLRQ� ZLWK� &0'V� ZDV� IRXQG� RQO\� IRU� WKH� YDULDEOH� ´QRW
OLYLQJ�ZLWK�SDUHQWV�RU� UHODWLYHVµ� �S� �������
$PRQJ�WKH�´FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�RI�WKH�WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ�SURFHVVµ
YDULDEOHV� �7DEOH����� WKH� UHVXOWV� UHYHDOHG�D�KLJKHU�SUHYDOHQFH
RI� &0'V� DPRQJ� PHGLFDO� VWXGHQWV� �������� FRPSDUHG� ZLWK
WKH� VWXGHQWV� LQ� WKH� RWKHU� FRXUVHV�� 6WXGHQWV� LQ� WKH� DUHDV� RI
GHQWLVWU\��QXUVLQJ�DQG�SK\VLFDO�HGXFDWLRQ�DOVR�SUHVHQWHG�&0'
SUHYDOHQFH� UDWHV� WKDW�ZHUH� FRQVLGHUHG�KLJK� �������������
DQG� ����� UHVSHFWLYHO\��
7KH� VWXGHQWV� ZKR� UHSRUWHG� WKDW� WKH�PRVW� IUHTXHQW� W\SH� RI
WHDFKHU�VWXGHQW� UHODWLRQVKLS� ZDV� WHDFKHU�FHQWHUHG� RU� ZLWK� D
SUHGRPLQDQFH� RI� WKLV� DSSURDFK� SUHVHQWHG� KLJKHU� &0'
SUHYDOHQFH� ��������� DV� GLG� WKRVH� ZKR�PHQWLRQHG� D� ZHHNO\
VFKHGXOH� RI� DFWLYLWLHV� RI� PRUH� WKDQ� ��� KRXUV� �������� DQG
WKRVH�ZKR� IHOW� RYHUZKHOPHG� ��������
$QDO\VLV�RI�WKH�´ VLWXDWLRQV�VXJJHVWLYH�RI�SV\FKRORJLFDO�GLVWUHVV
SULRU� WR� WKH�VWXG\�RQVHWµ�YDULDEOHV��7DEOH����VKRZHG�WKDW�RQO\
WKH� ´SUHVHQFH� RI� VSHFLILF� VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ� FKLOGKRRG� DQG
DGROHVFHQFHµ� YDULDEOH� SUHVHQWHG� D� VWDWLVWLFDOO\� VLJQLILFDQW
DVVRFLDWLRQ�ZLWK�&0'V��S� ��������
198 Facundes VLD & Ludermir AB
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
7DEOH� �� VKRZV� KRZ� WKH� WZR� YDULDEOHV� ´RYHUORDGµ� DQG
´SUHVHQFH� RI� VSHFLDO � V L WXDW LRQV� GXULQJ� FKL OGKRRG� DQG
DGROHVFHQFHµ� DUH� DVVRFLDWH� ZLWK� WKH� YDULDEOHV�� ´FRXUVHµ�
´FRKDELWDQWVµ�� ´WHDFKHU�VWXGHQW� UHODWLRQVKLSµ� DQG� ´ZHHNO\
VFKHGXOHµ�� 7KH� ´FRXUVHµ�� ´WHDFKHU�VWXGHQW� UHODWLRQVKLSµ� DQG
´ZHHNO\� VFKHGXOHµ� YDULDEOHV� SUHVHQWHG� VWDWLVWLFDOO\� VLJQLILFDQW
DVVRFLDWLRQV�ZLWK�´RYHUORDGµ�EXW�QRW�ZLWK�´SUHVHQFH�RI�VSHFLDO
VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ� FKLOGKRRG� DQG� DGROHVFHQFHµ�
7DEOH� �� VKRZV� WKH� VLPSOH� DQG� DGMXVWHG� RGGV� UDWLRV� RI� WKH
FRUUHODWLRQV� EHWZHHQ� &0'V� DQG� WKH� YDULDEOHV�� ´FRXUVHµ�
´FRKDELWDQWVµ�� ´WHDFKHU�VWXGHQW� UHODW LRQVKLSµ�� ´ZHHNO\
VFKHGXOHµ��´ RYHUORDGµ�DQG�´ SUHVHQFH�RI�VSHFLDO�VLWXDWLRQV�GXULQJ
FKLOGKRRG� DQG� DGROHVFHQFHµ�� 7KH� RGGV� UDWLRV� DGMXVWHG� IRU
´RYHUORDGµ� DQG� IRU� DOO� YDULDEOHV� LQ� WKH� WDEOH� VKRZHG� WKDW
´RYHUORDGµ��25� �����������&,� ����������DQG�´SUHVHQFH�RI
VSHFLDO� V L WXDW LRQV� GXULQJ� FKL OGKRRG� DQG� DGROHVFHQFHµ
�25� �����������&,� ����������ZHUH�WKH�RQO\�YDULDEOHV�WKDW
UHPDLQHG� VLJQLILFDQWO\� DVVRFLDWHG�ZLWK� &0'V�
'LVFXVV LRQ'LVFXVV LRQ'LVFXVV LRQ'LVFXVV LRQ'LVFXVV LRQ
2YHUDOO� &0'� SUHYDOHQFH� ZLWKLQ� WKH� SRSXODWLRQ� VWXGLHG� ZDV
�������7KLV�YDOXH�PD\�EH�FRQVLGHUHG�KLJK�ZKHQ�FRPSDUHG�WR
WKH�UDWHV�IRXQG�LQ�SRSXODWLRQ�VWXGLHV�FRQGXFWHG�LQ�LQGXVWULDOL]HG
FRXQWULHV�� DV� UHYLHZHG� E\� *ROGEHUJ� 	� +X[OH\���� LQ� ZKLFK� WKH
SUHYDOHQFH� RI� &0'� YDULHG� IURP� ��� WR� ����� ,Q� %UD]LOLDQ
SRSXODWLRQ� VWXGLHV�� UDWHV� DUH� ZLWKLQ� WKH� H[SHFWHG� UDQJH�
DFFRUGLQJ�WR�VWXGLHV�FDUULHG�RXW�E\�GH�/LPD�HW�DO���DQG�/XGHUPLU���
ZKR� UHSRUWHG�SUHYDOHQFH�RI�����DQG������ UHVSHFWLYHO\�
7KH�SUHYDOHQFH�RI�&0'V�DPRQJ�PHGLFDO�VWXGHQWV�DW� WKH�83(
��������ZDV�KLJKHU�WKDQ�WKDW�IRXQG�LQ�WKH�FLW\�RI�3HORWDV��LQ�WKH
VWDWH�RI�5LR�*UDQGH�GR�6XO����������DQG�DW�6DQWD�0DULD�)HGHUDO
8QLYHUVLW\� ���������� 7KH� KLJKHU� SUHYDOHQFH� RI� &0'V� DPRQJ
PHGLFDO� VWXGHQWV� FRXOG� EH� DWWULEXWHG� WR� WKH� QXPEHU� RI� VWUHVV�
SURGXFLQJ� VLWXDWLRQV� WKDW� WKHVH� VWXGHQWV� DUH� H[SRVHG� WR�� LQ� WKH
DGPLVVLRQ�SURFHVV��GXULQJ�WKH�FRXUVHV��DQG�WKURXJKRXW�WKH�\HDUV�
7KH�UDWHV�RI�&0'�SUHYDOHQFH�IRXQG�DPRQJ�VWXGHQWV�LQ�WKH�DUHDV
RI�GHQWLVWU\� ��������DQG�QXUVLQJ� ��������ZHUH�DOVR�KLJK�
7KH� PXOWLYDULDWH� DQDO\VLV� VKRZHG� WKDW� RQO\� WKH� YDULDEOHV
´RYHUORDGµ�DQG�´SUHVHQFH�RI�VSHFLDO�VLWXDWLRQV�GXULQJ�FKLOGKRRG
DQG� DGROHVFHQFHµ� PDLQWDLQHG� VWDW LV W LFDO O\� V LJQL I LFDQW
DVVRFLDWLRQV�ZLWK�&0'V�
3ULRU�WR�LQWHUSUHWLQJ�WKH�HOXFLGDWLYH�SRWHQWLDO�RI�WKHVH�YDULDEOHV
DQG� LGHQWLI\LQJ� WKH� UHDVRQV� IRU� WKH� IDFW� WKDW� ZH� IRXQG� QR
FRUUHODWLRQV� EHWZHHQ� &0'V� DQG� FHUWDLQ� RWKHU� YDULDEOHV�� LW� LV
QHFHVVDU\�WR�LQYHVWLJDWH�WKH�K\SRWKHWLFDO�H[LVWHQFH�RI�VDPSOLQJ
HUURU�� ELDV� RU� FRQIRXQGLQJ� IDFWRUV�
7KH�RSWLRQ�RI�ZRUNLQJ�ZLWK�WKH�HQWLUH�SRSXODWLRQ�RI�VWXGHQWVLQ�WKH�FKRVHQ�VHPHVWHUV�UXOHG�RXW�WKH�SRVVLELOLW\�RI�VDPSOLQJ
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
Mental health and the teaching-learning process 199
HU URU� � +RZHYHU� � WKH� WR WD O � QXPEHU� R I � V WXGHQWV � LQ� WKH
VHPHVWHUV� UHSUHVHQWHG� WKH� VDPSOH� RI� VWXGHQWV� IRU� HDFK
FRXUVH��ZKLFK�OHG�XV�WR�FDUU\�RXW�VWDWLVWLFDO�WHVWV��5HJDUGLQJ
WKH�FKRVHQ�VHPHVWHUV��VHFRQG�DQG�VL[WK���WKHUH�LV�D�SRVVLELOLW\
RI� ELDVHV� LQ� WKH� VHOHFWLRQ�� 7KH� YDULDEOH� ´PDLQ� VRXUFHV� RI
WHQVLRQ�LQ�WKH�FRXUVHµ�FRXOG�KDYH�EHHQ�FRQGXFWHG�GLIIHUHQWO\�
VLQFH�SUDFWLFDO� OHVVRQV�ZLWK� FOLHQWV�� IRU� H[DPSOH�� DUH�PXFK
PRUH� FRPPRQ� LQ� WKH� ILQDO� VHPHVWHUV�� %HLQJ� DZDUH� RI� WKLV
TXHVWLRQ� IURP� WKH� VWXG\� RQVHW�� ZH� RSWHG� IRU� PDLQWDLQLQJ
RXU�IRFXV�RQ�WKHVH�VHPHVWHUV��VLQFH�VWXGHQWV�ZKR�DUH�FORVH
WR�FRPSOHWLQJ�WKH�FRXUVH�DUH�DOZD\V�LQYROYHG�LQ�RII�FDPSXV
DFWLYLWLHV��LQWHUQVKLSV��FOLQLFDO�SUDFWLFH��HWF���LQ�VPDOO�JURXSV�
ZKLFK� ZRXOG� KLQGHU� WKH� H[HFXW LRQ� RI� WKH� VWXG\�� 7KLV
OLPLWDWLRQ�RI�WKH�VWXG\�ZDV�FRQVLGHUHG�ZKHQ�WKH�UHVXOWV�ZHUH
LQWHUSUHWHG�� $V� IRU� FRQWUROO LQJ� FRQIRXQGLQJ� IDFWRUV�� ZH
UHLWHUDWH� WKDW� WKH� LQGHSHQGHQW� HIIHFW� RI� WKH� WZR� YDULDEOHV
´RYHUORDGµ� DQG� ´SUHVHQFH� RI� VSHFLDO� VL WXDWLRQV� GXULQJ
FKLOGKRRG�DQG�DGROHVFHQFHµ�RQ�&0'V�UHPDLQHG�VWDWLVWLFDOO\
VLJQLILFDQW�� HYHQ� ZKHQ� WKH� RWKHU� YDULDEOHV� ZHUH� FRQWUROOHG
LQ� ORJLVWLF� UHJUHVVLRQ�� *LYHQ� WKH� FURVV�VHFWLRQDO� QDWXUH� RI
WKH�VWXG\��LQ�ZKLFK�LW� LV�QRW�SRVVLEOH�WR�GHILQH�WKH�WHPSRUDO
UHODWLRQVKLS�EHWZHHQ�H[SRVXUH�DQG�GLVHDVH��ZH�FDQQRW�VWDWH
WKDW� WKH� DVVRFLDWLRQV� REVHUYHG� LQ� WKH� VWXG\�DUH� RI� D� FDXVDO
QDWXUH�� +RZHYHU�� LQ� WKH� DWWHPSW� WR� PLQLPL]H� WKH� HIIHFW� RI
WKLV� IDFWRU�� ZH� UHVHDUFKHG� UHSRUWV� LQ� ZKLFK� SV\FKRORJLFDO
GLVWUHVV�SULRU�WR�VWXG\�RQVHW�ZDV�VXJJHVWHG�E\�GUXJ�WUHDWPHQW
RU�SV\FKRWKHUDS\�DQG�IRXQG�WKDW�QR�DVVRFLDWLRQ�ZLWK�&0'V
KDV� EHHQ� REVHUYHG�� 1HYHUWKHOHVV�� VWXGHQWV� ZKR� SUHVHQWHG
VSHFLD O � V L WXDW LRQV� GXU LQJ� FKL OGKRRG� DQG� DGROHVFHQFH
SUHVHQWHG� KLJKHU� &0'� SUHYDOHQFH�
'LVFXVVLQJ��WKHUHIRUH��WKH�HOXFLGDWLYH�SRWHQWLDO�RI�WKH�UHVXOWV�
ZH�GHWHUPLQHG�WKDW�WKH�PDJQLWXGH�RI�WKH�DVVRFLDWLRQV�RI�&0'V
ZLWK� WKH� YDULDEOHV� ´RYHUORDGµ� DQG� ´VSHFLDO� VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ
FKLOGKRRG� DQG� DGROHVFHQFHµ� ZDV� FRQVLGHUDEOH�� 7KH� VWXGHQWV
ZKR� IHOW� RYHUZKHOPHG�DQG� FRQILUPHG� WKH�SUHVHQFH� RI� VSHFLDO
VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ� FKLOGKRRG� DQG� DGROHVFHQFH� SUHVHQWHG�
UHVSHFWLYHO\�������WLPHV������&,� ����������DQG������WLPHV
�����&,� ����������PRUH�&0'V�WKDQ�GLG� WKRVH�ZKR�GLG�QRW
IHHO� RYHUZKHOPHG�DQG�GLG�QRW�SUHVHQW� VSHFLDO� VLWXDWLRQV�
,Q� D� VWXG\� FRQGXFWHG� E\� &LDQIORQH� 	� )HUQDQGH]��� PHGLFDO
VWXGHQWV� IHOW�RYHUZKHOPHG�DQG� LGHQWLILHG� WKH�JUHDWHU�WKDQ����
KRXU�ZHHNO\�DFWLYLW\�VFKHGXOH�DV�WKH�VRXUFH�RI�WHQVLRQ��,Q�WKH
SUHVHQW� VWXG\�� VWXGHQWV� LQ� WKH� DUHDV� RI�PHGLFLQH� DQG�QXUVLQJ
SUHVHQWHG� WKH�KLJKHVW�SHUFHQWDJHV� IRU� WKH�´RYHUORDG´�YDULDEOH�
LQ� FRQWUDVW� WR� WKDW� IRXQG� IRU�SK\VLFDO� HGXFDWLRQ� VWXGHQWV��:H
FDQ�DOVR�DVVXPH�WKDW�WKH�GHJUHH�RI�´RYHUORDG´�LV�UHODWHG�WR�WKH
ZD\� LQ� ZKLFK� DFDGHPLF� DFWLYLWLHV� DUH� FDUULHG� RXW�� VRPH
SURYRNLQJ�WKLV�VHQVDWLRQ�RI�GLVFRPIRUW�LQ�WKH�VWXGHQWV��3RO\GRUR
HW� DO�� UHSRUWHG� WKDW� WKH� QRUPV� DQG� ZRUNLQJ� VWUXFWXUH� RI� WKH
XQLYHUVLW\� HQYLURQPHQW� DUH� H[WHUQDO� DVSHFWV� HVVHQWLDO� WR� WKH
LQWHJUDWLRQ� RI� VWXGHQWV� LQWR� XQLYHUVLW\�
6WXGHQWV�ZKR�H[SHULHQFHG�VFKRRO�UHODWHG�DQG�VRFLDOL]DWLRQ
GLIILFXOWLHV�GXULQJ�SULPDU\�VFKRRO�RU�PLGGOH�VFKRRO�SUHVHQWHG
D�KLJKHU�SUHYDOHQFH�RI�&0'V�DW�WKH�WLPH�RI�RXU�LQYHVWLJDWLRQ�
7KLV�YDULDEOH��´SUHVHQFH�RI�VSHFLDO�VLWXDWLRQV�GXULQJ�FKLOGKRRG
DQG�DGROHVFHQFHµ��ZDV�DVVHVVHG�WKURXJK�LQGLYLGXDO�TXHVWLRQV
�UHODWHG� WR� LQWHUQDO� DVSHFWV��� DOVR� UHIHUUHG� WR� E\� 3RO\GRUR� HW
DO��DV�EHLQJ�IXQGDPHQWDO�WR�WKH�SURFHVV�RI�VWXGHQW�DGMXVWPHQW
WR� XQLYHUVLW\� OLIH�� $OWKRXJK� WKH� TXHVWLRQV� ZHUH� LQWHQGHG� WR
UHIHU� WR� VLWXDWLRQV� LQ� WKH� SDVW�� ZH� FDQQRW� UXOH� RXW� WKH
K\SRWKHVLV� WKDW� VXFK� VLWXDWLRQV� FRQWLQXH� LQWR� WKH� XQLYHUVLW\
\HDUV�� IXUWKHU� UHLQIRUFLQJ� WKH� LGHD� WKDW� DWWHQWLRQ� VKRXOG� EH
JLYHQ� WR� WKHVH� VWXGHQWV�
+DYLQJ�FRQFOXGHG�RXU�GLVFXVVLRQ�RI�WKH�YDULDEOHV�´RYHUORDGµ
DQG� ´SUHVHQFH� RI� VSHFLDO� VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ� FKLOGKRRG� DQG
DGROHVFHQFHµ��ZH�QRZ�WXUQ�RXU�DWWHQWLRQ�WR�WKRVH�DVVRFLDWLRQV
QRW� DWWDLQLQJ� D� OHYHO� RI� VWDWLVWLFDO� VLJQLILFDQFH�
7KHUH�ZDV�DQ�H[SHFWDWLRQ�RI�ILQGLQJ�D�SUHGRPLQDQFH�RI�&0'V
LQ� ZRPHQ������� +RZHYHU�� WKH� GLVWULEXWLRQ� ZDV� VLPLODU� DPRQJ
IHPDOHV� �������� DQG� PDOHV� ��������� 7KH� ODFN� RI� DQ
DVVRFLDWLRQ� EHWZHHQ� JHQGHU� DQG� &0'V� LQ� WKH� SUHVHQW� VWXG\
PD\� EH� H[SODLQHG� E\� WKH� IDFW� WKDW� PHQ� DQG� ZRPHQ� RFFXS\
HTXDO�SRVLWLRQV�ZLWKLQ� WKH� VRFLDO� VSKHUH�RI� WKH�XQLYHUVLW\�
:H�REVHUYHG�QR�GLIIHUHQFHV� LQ�&0'�SUHYDOHQFH�EHWZHHQ� WKH
LQLWLDO�DQG�LQWHUPHGLDWH�VHPHVWHUV��%HQYHJQ~��'HLWRV�	�&RSHWWH�
DOVR�IRXQG�WKDW�PHGLFDO�VWXGHQWV�SUHVHQWHG�QR�GLIIHUHQFHV�DPRQJ
VHPHVWHUV� LQ� &0'� SUHYDOHQFH�� ZKLFK�ZDV� FRQVLGHUHG� KLJK� LQ
ERWK�JURXSV��7KLV�LQGLFDWHV�WKDW�ERWK�WKH�DGPLVVLRQ�SKDVH�DQG
WKH�SURFHVV�RI�DGDSWLQJ�WR�WKH�DFDGHPLF�UHDOLW\��DV�ZHOO�DV�VRPH
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV� RI� WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV� WKURXJKRXW� WKH
FRXUVHV��PD\�DIIHFW� WKH� HPRWLRQDO�ZHOO�EHLQJ� RI� WKH� VWXGHQWV�
0RVW� VWXGLHV� RI� PHQWDO� KHDOWK� LQ� PHGLFDO� VWXGHQWV� KDYH
LGHQWLILHG�VRPH�FKDUDFWHULVWLFV�DV�VWUHVV�IDFWRUV��WKH�ILUVW�SK\VLFDO
H[DPLQDWLRQ� RI� D� SDWLHQW� DQG� IHDU� RI� DFTXLULQJ� LOOQHVVHV� RU� RI
EHLQJ�SRZHUOHVV�WR�GHDO�ZLWK�FHUWDLQ�GLVHDVHV��DV�ZHOO�DV�FRPLQJ
LQWR� FRQWDFW� ZLWK� GHDWK� DQG� ZLWK� LQQXPHUDEOH� SDWKRORJLFDO
SURFHVVHV�������� 7KH� IDFW� WKDW� ZH� FRYHUHG� VWXGHQWV� RQO\� XS� WR
WKH�VL[WK�VHPHVWHU�RI�HDFK�FRXUVH�WKHUHIRUH�H[FOXGHG��HVSHFLDOO\
LQ� WKH�DUHD�RI�PHGLFLQH��PRVW�SUDFWLFDO�FOLQLFDO�H[SHULHQFH�� LQ
ZKLFK�VWXGHQWV�PRUH� IUHTXHQWO\�FRPH� LQWR�FRQWDFW�ZLWK�GHDWK
DQG� D� JUHDWHU� QXPEHU� RI� LOOQHVVHV�
,Q�YLHZ�RI� WKHVH� IDFWV�� LW� LV� OLNHO\� WKDW� WKH�YDULDEOHV�´RYHUORDGµ
DQG� ´SUHVHQFH� RI� VSHFLDO� VLWXDWLRQV� GXULQJ� FKLOGKRRG� DQG
DGROHVFHQFHµ� DUH� IDFWRUV� WKDW� LQIOXHQFH� WKH�PHQWDO� KHDOWK� RI
XQLYHUVLW\�VWXGHQWV��VLQFH�WKH\�UXOH�RXW�WKH�SRVVLELOLW\�RI�V\VWHPDWLF
HUURUV�� ,Q�DGGLWLRQ�� WKLV�DVVRFLDWLRQ�PHHWV�D�QXPEHU�RI�FDXVDOLW\
FULWHULD� XVHG� LQ� HSLGHPLRORJ\�� DQG� WKH� DVVRFLDWRQ� VWUHQJWK�
FRKHUHQFH�DQG�FRQVLVWHQF\�DUH�LQ�DFFRUGDQFH�ZLWK�RWKHU�VWXGLHV�
+RZHYHU�� WKH� WHPSRUDO� VHTXHQFH� FRXOG� QRW� EH� HPSLULFDOO\
HYDOXDWHG� LQ� UHODWLRQ� WR� WKH� YDULDEOH� ´RYHUORDGµ�� OLPLWLQJ� WKH
SRVVLELOLW\�RI�HVWDEOLVKLQJ�D�FDXVDO�FRQQHFWLRQ�ZLWK�&0'V�
&RQF OXV LRQV&RQF OXV LRQV&RQF OXV LRQV&RQF OXV LRQV&RQF OXV LRQV
:H�FDQQRW�RYHUVWDWH� WKH� LPSRUWDQFH�RI� UHIOHFWLQJ�XSRQ� WKH
WHDFKLQJ� SURFHVV�� HVSHFLDOO\� WKH�PDQQHU� LQ�ZKLFK� DFDGHPLF
DFWLYLWLHV� DUH� GLVWULEXWHG� WKURXJKRXW� WKH� FRXUVH� \HDUV�� )URP
RXU�SRLQW�RI� YLHZ�� WKLV� UHTXLUHV� UHDSSRUWLRQLQJ� WKH�VFKHGXOH�
UDWKHU�WKDQ�UHGXFLQJ�LW��RSWLPL]LQJ�DFWLYLWLHV�DQG�FRQVHTXHQWO\
LPSURYLQJ� OHDUQLQJ� ZKLOH� SODFLQJ� IHZHU� EXUGHQV� RQ� WKH
VWXGHQWV��$WWHQWLRQ�VKRXOG�DOVR�EH�JLYHQ�WR�WKH�ZD\�WHDFKLQJ
KDV� EHHQ� SUDFW LFHG�� HPSKDVL]LQJ� WKH� WHDFKHU�VWXGHQW
UHODWLRQVKLS��DV�ZHOO�DV�WKH�WHDFKLQJ�VWUDWHJLHV��ZKLFK�PRVWO\
ODFN� VWXGHQW� SDU W LF LSDW LRQ�� KLQGHU LQJ� WKH� SUHSDUDW LRQ
QHFHVVDU\� IRU� GHYHORSLQJ� WKH� SRVWXUH� RI� LQGHSHQGHQFH� DQG
VDIHW\� UHTXLUHG�DW� WKH�EHJLQQLQJ�RI�SURIHVVLRQDO� OLIH��:H�DOVR
FRQVLGHU� LW� HVVHQWLDO� WR� IRFXV� RQ� WKH� SURFHVV� RI� VWXGHQW
DGDSWDWLRQ�WR�XQLYHUVLW\�OLIH�VLQFH�WKRVH�ZKR�SUHVHQWHG�SUHYLRXV
GLIILFXOWLHV�RU�SUREOHPV�DUH�PRUH�OLNHO\�WR�SUHVHQW�SV\FKRORJLFDO
GLVWUHVV� GXULQJ� WKH� DFDGHPLF� \HDUV�� +HQFH� WKH� LPSRUWDQFH
RI�PHQWDO�KHDOWK�VXSSRUW�VHUYLFHV�LQ�RUGHU�WR�SURYLGH�IRU�VXFK
VWXGHQWV � � SUHYHQW LQJ� WKH� ZRUVHQLQJ� R I � V\PSWRPV�
VWUHQJWKHQLQJ�KHDOWK\�PHFKDQLVPV�DQG�LQFUHDVLQJ�WKH�DELOLW\
WR� GHDO�ZLWK� KHDOWK� SUREOHPV�
7KH� UHVXOWV� SUHVHQWHG� LQ� WKLV� VWXG\� VXJJHVW� WKH� QHHG� IRU
FRQWLQXLW\��DFKLHYHG�WKURXJK�D�ORQJLWXGLQDO�VWXG\�GHVLJQ��LQ�ZKLFK
LW�ZRXOG�EH�SRVVLEOH�WR�SHUIRUP�IROORZ�XS�DVVHVVPHQW�RI�WKH�HIIHFWV200 Facundes VLD & Ludermir AB
Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(3):194-200
5HIH UHQFHV5H IH UHQFHV5H IH UHQFHV5H IH UHQFHV5H IH UHQFHV
������ 3RO\GRUR�6$-��3ULPL�5��6HUSD�01)��=DURQL�00+��3RPEDO�.&3��'H�
VHQYROYLPHQWR� GH� XPD� HVFDOD� GH� LQWHJUDomR� DR� HQVLQR� VXSHULRU�
3VLFR�86)�� ���������������
������ &LDQIORQH�$5/��)HUQDQGH]�-0��$OJXPDV�FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV�GR�HQVLQR�H
DSUHQGL]DGR�QD�)DFXOGDGH�GH�0HGLFLQD�GH�5LEHLUmR�3UHWR�²�863�²
XP�HVWXGR�MXQWR�DRV�DOXQRV�GH�JUDGXDomR��0HGLFLQD��5LEHLUmR�3UH�
WR��� ������������������
������ -RUJH�06%��6LWXDo}HV�YLYHQFLDGDV�SHORV�DOXQRV�GH�HQIHUPDJHP�GX�
UDQWH�R�FXUVR��QR�FRQWH[WR�XQLYHUVLWiULR��DSRQWDGDV�FRPR�QRUWHDGRUDV
GH� FULVHV�� 5HY� (VF� (QIHUPDJHP�863�� ������������������
������ %HQYHJQ~�/$��'HLWRV�)��&RSHWWH�)5��3UREOHPDV�SVLTXLiWULFRV�PHQR�
UHV�HP�HVWXGDQWHV�GH�0HGLFLQD�GD�8QLYHUVLGDGH�)HGHUDO�GH�6DQWD
0DULD��56��%UDVLO��5HY�3VLTXLDWU�5LR�*G�6XO��������������������
������ 0LOODQ� /5�� 6RX]D� (1��'H�0DUFR�2/1�� 5RVVL� (�� $UUXGD� 3&9�� 2� ,
(QFRQWUR�3DXOLVWD�GRV�6HUYLoRV�GH�$VVLVWrQFLD�3VLFROyJLFD�DR�(VWX�
GDQWH� 8QLYHUVLWiULR�� 5HY� +RVS� &OtQ� )DF�0HG� 8QLY� 6mR� 3DXOR�
������������������
������ 1RWR�-56��$YDQFLQH�0$7��0DUWLQV�0&)1��=LPPHUPDQQ�9%��$WHQ�
omR� j� VD~GH�PHQWDO� GR� HVWXGDQWH� GH�PHGLFLQD�� 5HY� %UDV�(GXF
0HG��� ����������������
������ 5REHUWV�/:��:DUQHU�7'��/LNHWVRV�&��)UDQN�(��*DQ]LQL�/��&DUWHU�'�
3HUFHSWLRQV� RI� DFDGHPLF� YXOQHUDELOLW\� DVVRFLDWHG� ZLWK� SHUVRQDO
LOOQHVV�� D� VWXG\� RI� ������ VWXGHQWV� DW� QLQH� PHGLFDO� VFKRROV�
&ROODERUDWLYH� 5HVHDUFK�*URXS� RQ�0HGLFDO� 6WXGHQW�+HDOWK�� &RPSU
3V\FKLDWU\�� ����������������
������ )LJXHLUHGR�50��2OLYHLUD�0$3��1HFHVVLGDGHV�GH�HVWXGDQWHV�XQLYHU�
VLWiULRV�SDUD�LPSODQWDomR�GH�XP�VHUYLoR�GH�RULHQWDomR�H�HGXFDomR
HP� VD~GH�PHQWDO�� 5HY� /DWLQRDP� (QIHUPDJHP�� ���������������
������ -RUJH�06%��5RGULJXHV�$5)��6HUYLoRV�GH�DSRLR�DR�HVWXGDQWH�RIHUHFL�
GRV�SHODV�(VFRODV�GH�(QIHUPDJHP�QR�%UDVLO��5HY�/DWLQRDP�(QIHU�
PDJHP�� ����������������
����������� %HQMDNXO� 3�� &KHXQDUURP�&�� 6WXGHQW� DGMXVWPHQW� SUREOHPV� LQ� WZR
GHQWDO� VFKRROV� LQ� 7KDLODQG�� -� 'HQW� (GXF�� �����������������
����������� +HDWK�-5��0DFIDUODQH�79��8PDU�06��3HUFHLYHG�VRXUFHV�RI�VWUHVV�LQ
GHQWDO� VWXGHQWV�� 'HQW� 8SGDWH�� ����������������� ����
����������� *ROGEHUJ�'��+X[OH\�3��&RPPRP�PHQWDO�GLVRUGHUV��D�ELR�VRFLDO�PRGHO�
/RQGRQ�� 7DYLVWRFN�� �����
����������� 83(�>VtWLR�QD�,QWHUQHW@��5HFLIH��8QLYHUVLGDGH�)HGHUDO�GH�3HUQDPEXFR�
F�����>FLWDGR������0DLR���@��'LVSRQtYHO�HP��KWWS���ZZZ�XSH�EU
�0HQX� SULQFLSDO�83(� HP�Q~PHURV��
����������� +DUGLQJ�7:��GH�$UDQJR�09��%DOWD]DU� -��&OLPHQW�&(�� ,EUDKLP�++�
/DGULGR�,JQDFLR�/��HW�DO��0HQWDO�GLVRUGHUV�LQ�SULPDU\�KHDOWK�FDUH��D
VWXG\�RI�WKHLU�IUHTXHQF\�DQG�GLDJQRVLV�LQ�IRXU�GHYHORSLQJ�FRXQWULHV�
3V\FKRO� 0HG�� ������������������
����������� 0DUL� --��:LOOLDPV� 3�� $� YDOLGLW\� VWXG\� RI� D� SV\FKLDWULF� VFUHHQLQJ
TXHVWLRQQDLUH��654�����LQ�SULPDU\�FDUH�LQ�WKH�FLW\�RI�6mR�3DXOR��%U
-� 3V\FKLDWU\�� ��������������
����������� /XGHUPLU�$%��,QVHUomR�SURGXWLYD��JrQHUR�H�VD~GH�PHQWDO��&DG�6D~�
GH� 3~EOLFD�� ������������������
����������� /XGHUPLU� $%�� 0HOR� )LOKR� '$�� &RQGLo}HV� GH� YLGD� H� HVWUXWXUD
RFXSDFLRQDO�DVVRFLDGDV�D�WUDQVWRUQRV�PHQWDLV�FRPXQV��5HY�6D~GH
3~EOLFD�� ������������������
����������� /LPD�06��%HULD�-8��7RPDVL�(��&RQFHLomR�$7��0DUL�--��6WUHVVIXO� OLIH
HYHQWV�DQG�PLQRU�SV\FKLDWULF�GLVRUGHUV��DQ�HVWLPDWH�RI�WKH�SRSXODWLRQ
DWWULEXWDEOH� IUDFWLRQ� LQ� D� %UD]LOLDQ� FRPPXQLW\�EDVHG� VWXG\�� ,QW� -
3V\FKLDWU\�0HG�� ������������������
RI� WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV� RQ� WKH� KHDOWK� RI� WKH� VWXGHQWV
WKURXJKRXW�WKH�FRXUVHV��:H�DOVR�KRSH�WKDW�RXU�UHVXOWV�PD\�VHUYH
DV�D�EDVLV�IRU�WKH�FUHDWLRQ�RI�SURJUDPV�GHGLFDWHG�WR�VWXGHQW�KHDOWK
FDUH��DV�ZHOO�DV� WR� IXUWKHU� WKH�GLVFXVVLRQ�DERXW� WKH� LQIOXHQFH� RI
WKH� WHDFKLQJ�OHDUQLQJ� SURFHVV� LQ� KHDOWK�� 7KH� DLP� RI� VXFK
GLVFXVVLRQ�VKRXOG�EH�WR�VHHN�VWUDWHJLHV�IRU�UHOLHYLQJ�SV\FKRORJLFDO
GLVWUHVV�� ZKLFK� DIIHFWV� DFDGHPLF� SHUIRUPDQFH�� SURIHVVLRQDO
GHYHORSPHQW� DQG� RYHUDOO� LQGLYLGXDO� GHYHORSPHQW�� 7KLV� OHDGV� XV
WR� UHIOHFW� RQ� WKH� WUXH� REMHFWLYHV� RI� XQLYHUVLWLHV� DQG��ZLWKLQ� WKDW
FRQWH[W�� WKH� UROHV� SOD\HG� E\� WKH� LQVWLWXWLRQDO� DFWRUV� UHVSRQVLEOH
IRU� WKH� SURIHVVLRQDO� WUDLQLQJ� RIIHUHG�

Continue navegando