Define parasitic diseases caused by helminths or protozoa whose at least one period of the evolutionary cycle is located in the digestive system. T...

Define parasitic diseases caused by helminths or protozoa whose at least one period of the evolutionary cycle is located in the digestive system. They are mainly transmitted through oral-fecal contamination, contaminated water, and food. They are highly prevalent in underdeveloped countries and related to poverty. What are the clinical manifestations of some of these diseases?

a. Ascaridiasis is the most prevalent human parasite and can cause pneumonia eosinophilia, characterized by migratory pulmonary infiltrates associated with an increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood and sputum. If intense parasitism occurs, it can obstruct the intestine, causing acute obstructive abdomen.
b. Trichuriasis is caused by the ingestion of eggs that hatch in the cecum and develop into adult worms. There is no pulmonary involvement, and the lesions vary from simple to multiple ulcerations.
c. Oxyuriasis is characterized by anal pruritus, which can lead to infection. The clinical picture is marked by anal pruritus.
d. Ancylostomiasis is caused by Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus. The larvae can cause cutaneous lesions, such as erythema and pruritus at the site of infection. In the intestine, they fix themselves through their teeth, causing lesions of varying degrees and blood loss (anemia).
e. Giardiasis is caused by the ingestion of contaminated water and food or person-to-person transmission through the fecal-oral route. It can cause colitis, hepatic and pulmonary abscesses, and should always be included in the differential diagnosis of weight and height deficit and acute diarrhea diseases.
f. Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, which is ingested through contaminated water and food. It can cause colitis, hepatic and pulmonary abscesses, and 90% of cases are asymptomatic.