Identify the four types of labor relations policies: I - "Paternalistic": this type of policy is mainly characterized by the easy acceptance of em...

Identify the four types of labor relations policies:

I - "Paternalistic": this type of policy is mainly characterized by the easy acceptance of employees' demands. This can happen for various reasons, such as insecurity, inability, or incompetence in negotiations with union leaders. This type of policy only strengthens unions, as their requests are met, new requests arise, always with the expectation of being met, thus weakening the organization.
II - "Autocratic": occurs when the organization assumes a policy whose posture is rigid and imposing, acting in an arbitrary and legalistic way, making concessions only within the law or according to its own interests. Thus, not all demands are met, generating opposition within the union due to the difficulty of negotiation. This lack of dialogue harms managers, who need sufficient authority to meet the needs of their subordinates. With this result, discontent, insubordination, and indiscipline of personnel are generated. This unilateral and imposing character of autocratic policy makes it unsustainable for a long period of time.
III - "Reciprocity": this policy, as the name suggests, is based on reciprocity between the organization and the union. Thus, demands are resolved directly and exclusively between the organization's management and that of the union, with low participation of the company's employees. Thus, a pact is built where the union is responsible for complying with the clauses agreed upon by the employees; however, this pact does not always meet the needs and aspirations of the employees, generating distrust and lack of credibility of the employees in relation to the union's management.
IV - "Participative": it is the policy that considers that solutions should be negotiated and discussed with concrete, objective, and rational data, and not based on personal opinions. This type of policy demands a good relationship with employees in an adequate organizational climate. It is a policy that considers the employee from a social, political, and economic point of view, and not just as a mere production factor.
a) Only I, II, III, and IV
b) Only II and III
c) Only III and IV
d) Only I and II
e) Only I, II, and III