CONJUCTIONS_IN_CONTEXT

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE LAVRAS
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS
	DCH
Inglês Instrumental II
Profa. Tania Regina de Souza Romero
CONJUCTIONS IN CONTEXT
Types of conjuction
In English, as in Portuguese, there are four types of conjunctions:
ADDITIVE – example: AND
ADVERSATIVE – example: BUT
CAUSAL – example: SO
TEMPORAL – example: THEN
Guessing types of conjunction
Look at the examples below. Examine the ideas which are joined.
Identify what type of conjunction is being used.
Brazilians, in general, are an informal people, although in expensive restaurants service can be very formal.
Christmas and New Year, as well as Carnaval are the principal popular festivals.
Since most middle-class families have a maid, the hostess can stay with the gests while the dinner is being prepared.
In spite of the fact that Brazilians have a reputation for lack of order, the custom of waiting in line is common.
A traditional Christmas usually begins with a midnight Mass, afterwards followed by an informal meal at home, with all the members of the family.
The American image of the successful man involves hard work, great responsibility and constant pressure. However, the Brazilian image of the successful man involves laziness, good food and drink, beautiful girls and plenty of free time to relax.
In Brazil, personal appearance is important for business men. Most Brazilians, therefore, dress much more carefully than the average businessman.
For American women, comfort is usually more important than style. On the other hand, it is important for a Brazilian woman to be dressed in the latest fashion whenever possible.
Here is a list of the most common conjunctions in English.
	ADDITIVE
	ADVERSATIVE
	CAUSAL
	TEMPORAL
	And
Also
Nor… not…
Furthermore
In other words
In the same way
Similarly
As well as
	But
Yet
Although
Though
However
Instead of
Rather than
On the other hand
In spite of
	So
Then
Therefore
Because
Otherwise
Since
consequently
	Then
Next
Before
Formerly
Meanwhile
To sum up
Finally
After
Until
while
(a) Movies are something people see all over the world because there is a certain need for it. (W. Wenders)
(b) You can map your life through your favorite movies. Furthermore, no two people's maps will be the same. 
(c) I'm not offended by all the dumb blonde jokes since I know I'm not dumb... and I also know that I'm not blonde. (Doly Parton)
(d) Character is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as well as think. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
(e) If there are no stupid questions, then what kind of questions do stupid people ask? Do they get smart just in time to ask questions? (Scott Adams)
(f) Except during the nine months before he draws his first breath, no man manages his affairs as well as a tree does. (George Bernard Shaw)
(h) How strange that nature does not knock, and yet does not intrude! (Emily Dickinson) 
(i) Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better. (Albert Einstein)
(j) In spite of having little money, he was very happy.
(k) I think, therefore I am (Descartes)
(l) You’d better behave, otherwise I’ll call your mom.
(m) They went on foot so as to do some exercise.
Bibliography:
BALL, W.J, Dictionary of Link Words, 1st Edition, 1986.
< http://www.brainyquote.com/>, access in 10/05/09 
Collins Cobuild Student’s Grammar. London: Collins ELT, HarperCollins Publishers. 1991
Grammar Practice in Context. London: Richmond Publishing. 1997.