8121f636-8bf8-44a2-b4a1-d6cd20814832

Prévia do material em texto

INGLÊS76
UNIDADE XModal Verbs
Modal Verbs
Modal verbs são verbos auxiliares que podem 
dar a frases sentidos diversos, de acordo com sua 
colocação. Podem indicar habilidade, possibilidade, 
probabilidade, permissão etc. 
• Can 
 O modal verb Can pode inferir a frase o sentido 
de capacidade, permissão, habilidade e possibilidade.
Ex.: Can I go to the toilet?
 (Posso ir ao banheiro?)
She can speak three different languages. 
(Ela pode/consegue falar três línguas diferentes.)
I can go to your house after work.
(Eu posso ir a sua casa depois do trabalho.)
Estrutura: 
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I can work I cannot/ can’t work Can I work ?
You can work You cannot/ can’t work Can you work?
He can work He cannot/ can’t work Can he work?
She can work She cannot/ can’t work Can she work ?
It can work It cannot/ can’t work Can it work ?
We can work We cannot/ can’t work Can we work ?
You can work You cannot/ can’t work Can you work ?
They can work They cannot/ can’t work Can they work?
• Could
O modal verb “could” pode expressar possibili-
dade, capacidade, habilidade no passado e pedido 
polido. 
Ex.: She could play the piano very well. 
(Eu conseguia/podia tocar piano muito bem.)
Could you help me, please? 
(Você poderia me ajudar, por favor ?)
We could go to the beach this weekend. 
(Nós poderíamos ir à praia este fim de semana.)
Estrutura: 
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I could work I could not/ couldn’t work Could I work ?
You could 
work 
You could not/ 
couldn’t work Could you work?
He could work He could not/ couldn’t work Could he work?
She could 
work
She could not/ 
couldn’t work Could she work ?
It could work It could not/ couldn’t work Could it work ?
We could work We could not/ couldn’t work Could we work ?
You could 
work
You could not/ 
couldn’t work Could you work ?
They could 
work
They could not/ 
couldn’t work Could they work?
• Should 
O modal verb “should” expressa o significado de 
conselho, recomendação ou sugestão.
Should também pode ser usado quando o emis-
sor da mensagem pede por um conselho. 
 
Ex.: A: I’m not feeling well. 
(Não estou me sentindo bem.)
B: I think you should see a doctor.
(Eu acho que você deveria ver um médico.) 
You should study for the test. Alice told me it’ll 
be difficult. 
(Você deveria estudar para o teste. Alice me disse 
que será difícil. 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS 77
MODAL VERBS | UNIDADE X
She should talk to her teacher if she doesn’t agree 
with her grade. 
(Ela deveria falar com sua professora se ela não 
concorda com sua nota. 
Estrutura: 
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I should work I should not/ shouldn’t work Should I work ?
You should work You should not/ shouldn’t work
Should you 
work?
He should work He should not/ shouldn’t work
Should he 
work?
She should work She should not/ shouldn’t work
Should she 
work ?
It should work It should not/ shouldn’t work 
Should it work 
?
We should work We should not/ shouldn’t work
Should we 
work ?
You should work You should not/shouldn’t work
Should you 
work ?
They should 
work
They should not/ 
shouldn’t work
Should they 
work?
• May 
O modal verb May pode inferir a frase o sentido 
de permissão, possibilidade, pedir por permissão ou 
um desejo. 
Ex: May I go now? 
 (Posso ir agora?)
I may talk to her if you want. 
(Eu posso falar com ela se você quiser.)
She may go now. 
(Ela pode ir agora.)
May God bless you! 
(Que Deus possa te abençoar.)
It may rain. Look the sky! 
(Pode chover, Olhe o céu.)
Estrutura: 
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I may work I may not work May I work ?
You may work You may not work May you work?
He may work He may not work May he work?
She may work She may not work May she work ?
It may work It may not work May it work ?
We may work We may not work May we work ?
You may work You may not work May you work ?
They may work They may not work May they work?
• Might 
O modal verb MIght pode inferir a frase o senti-
do de permissão, possibilidade, sugestões; também 
pode ser usado para falar sobre ações e aconteci-
mentos possíveis no futuro e no presente e expressar 
deduções.
Ex.: It might rain this weekend. 
(É capaz de chover neste final de semana. / Pode 
ser que/Talvez chova neste final de semana.)
- What are you going to do this weekend? 
(O que você vai fazer no final de semana?)
- I don’t know, I might stay home. 
(Não sei, pode ser que eu fique em casa.)
Estrutura: 
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I might work I might not work Might I work ?
You might 
work 
You might not 
work Might you work?
He might 
work
He might not 
work Mght he work?
She might 
work
She might not 
work Might she work ?
It might work It might not work Might it work ?
We might 
work
We might not 
work Might we work ?
You might 
work
You might not 
work Might you work ?
They might 
work
They might not 
work Might they work?
• Possibilidade
Quando utilizado para indicar possibilidade, 
Might traz a frase um sentido de possibilidade mais 
remota. Também pode indicar uma possibilidade no 
passado. 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS78
UNIDADE X | MODAL VERBS
Ex.: They might not like the movie. 
 (Elas podem não gostar do filme.)
I might go to Paris for some months to study 
French.
(É possível que eu vá a Paris por alguns meses para 
estudar francês.)
She might have lived in Paris, she has a perfect 
accent. 
( Ela pode ter vivido em Paris, ela tem um sotaque 
perfeito.) 
A: I wonder why Amanda didn’t answer the phone. 
(Por que será que Amanda não atendeu ao telefone?)
B: I don’t know. She may have been having a shower. 
(Não sei. Ela devia estar tomando banho. / Talvez ela 
estivesse tomando banho.)
• Permissão 
Usa-se might para permissão de maneira formal e 
menos frequente. 
Ex.: Might I ask you a question?
 ( Posso te fazer uma pergunta?)
 Might I interrupt you for a moment?
 (Posso interromper você por um momento?)
• Sugestões
Usa-se might para dar conselhos ou fazer sugestões 
de forma mais polite, ou menos direta. Especialmente 
se utilizados com os verbos Like, Prefer e Want.
You might like to try this jacket on.
(Você pode gostar de experimentar essa jaqueta.)
(Um vendedor sugere uma peça de roupa ao cliente.)
• Would 
Would é usado como um auxiliar para formar o tem-
po verbal futuro do pretérito, equivalente ao Português. 
Ex.: I would travel this year. 
 (Eu viajaria esse ano.)
I don’t think they would do that. 
( Eu não acho que eles fariam isso.)
Afirmativo Negativo Interrogativo
I would 
work
I would not 
work Would I work ?
You would 
work 
You would not 
work Would you work?
He wouldwork
He would not 
work Would he work?
She would 
work
She would not 
work Would she work ?
It would 
work
It would not 
work Would it work ?
We would 
work
We would not 
work Would we work ?
You would 
work
You would not 
work Would you work ?
They would 
work
They would 
not work Would they work?
• Pedido 
Would pode ser usado para pedido de forma mais po-
lida e indireta. 
Ex.: Would you help me here, please? 
 (Você me ajudaria aqui, por favor?)
• Sentenças condicionais 
Usamos “would” (ou sua forma contracta ‘d) na ora-
ção principal de uma sentença condicional ao falarmos 
de situações imaginárias. 
Ex.: If we had left earlier, we would have been able 
to stop off for a coffee on the way.
(Se nós tivéssemos saído mais cedo, poderíamos parar 
para um café no caminho.) 
If we went to Chile, we’d have to go to Argentina as 
well. I’d love to see both.
( Se fossemos ao Chile, nós teríamos ido à Argentina 
também. Eu amaria ir aos dois lugares.)
• Ações habituais no passado. 
Usamos “would” para típicas ações habituais 
ou eventos no passado. Geralmente usado para 
histórias(narrativas). 
Ex.: I had a friend from Albany, which is about 36 
miles away, and we would meet every Thur-
sday morning and she would help us.
( Eu tinha uma amigo da Albânia, por volta de 36 
milhas de distância, e nós nos encontrávamos toda 
terça- feira de manhã. Ela nos ajudava.)
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS 79
MODAL VERBS | UNIDADE X
Then he would wash; then he would eat his toast; 
then he would read his paper by the bright burning 
fire of electric coals.
Então ele se lavaria; então ele comeria sua torrada; 
então, ele leria seu jornal sob o fogo ardente de brasas 
elétricas.)
• Need 
Need é um verbo semi-modal, pois, por algumas 
vezes, se comporta como verbo principal e outras, 
como auxiliar.
Como verbo principal o need é conjugado com 
os verbos auxiliares (don’t/doesn’t/ didn’t/ will), ou 
com outros modais. 
Ex.: I don’t need a teacher. 
 (Eu não preciso de um professor.)
 Do you need a teacher 
(Você precisa de um professor.)
He needs to talk to a teacher. 
(Ele precisa falar com um professor.) 
Na forma negativa indica que não há obrigação 
ou necessidade de fazer algo. 
Ex.: You needn’t take off my shoes.
 (Você não precisa retirar seus sapatos.)
- Afirmativo
Sentenças afirmativas com o semi-modal Need 
não são muito comuns e são frequentemente usadas 
em um contexto formal. 
Há sempre uma palavra negativa na sentença, 
mesmo quando toda a estrutura é afirmativa. (No 
one, nobody, nothing)
Ex.: No one need think that we are doing this 
every week. 
(NInguém precisar achar que eles estão fazendo 
isso essa semana)
Nobody need know the name of the person who 
made the complaint.
(Ninguém sabe o nome da pessoa que fez a recla-
mação.)
- Negativo 
Como semi-modal, na forma negativa do need 
deve-se acrescentar not. 
Não utilizamos verbos auxiliares como don’t/
doesn’t/ didn’t. 
Ex.: You needn’t mention this to your mother. 
(Você não precisa mencionar isto para sua mãe.)
 You need not spend a lot of money on presents.
 (Você não precisa gastar todo o seu dinheiro em 
presentes.)
- Interrogativo
A forma interrogativa de Need não é muito 
utilizada e possui um sentido muito formal. Não 
será adicionado nenhum verbo auxiliar, somente 
inverterá a posição do sujeito da oração e o semi-
-modal. 
Ex.: Need I buy milk? 
 ( Eu preciso comprar leite?)
 Need we write this down ? 
 (Nós precisamos escrever abaixo?)
- Uso: 
* Não obrigação 
Como dito anteriormente, o semi-modal need é 
mais usado na negativa e indicada que não obrigação 
de algo. 
Quando expressamos a obrigação no passado, o 
semi-modal need pode ser utilizado como “didn’t 
need” ou “didn’t have to. 
Ex.: We needn’t spend much time on this topic. 
It’s not going to be in the exam.
 (Eu não preciso gastar muito tempo com esta 
matéria. Não cairá na prova)
Cans of soup needn’t be kept in the fridge.
(Latas de sopa não precisam ser mantidas na ge-
ladeira.)
I didn’t need to buy any food./ I didn’t have to 
buy any food. 
Eu não precisei comprar comida alguma.)/ (Eu 
não tenho que comprar comida alguma.)
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS80
UNIDADE X | MODAL VERBS
EXERCÍCIOS 
1. (ESCOLA NAVAL) - Which option completes 
the text below correctly?
Tips for a Healthy Diet
You ________ eat vegetables every day. Vegeta-
bles contain essential vitamins and substances that 
are very important for your organism. You ________ 
only eat what you like to eat because to stay healthy 
you also need to eat what your organism needs you 
to eat.
(Adapted from https://nexter.org/top-5-tips-for-a-healthy-diet)
a) can’t / can
b) should / can
c) shouldn’t / can’t
d) should / shouldn’t
e) shouldn’t / should
2. (EEAR) - Read the text to answer question.
Th e cabin crew battled to save the passenger 
Ben Graham
Shocked passengers watched as doctors and cabin 
crew tried to save the life of a critically ill passenger 
on a Qantas fl ight to Sidney on Friday. 
A Qantas spokeswoman confi rmed that the pas-
senger ________ received tratment during the medi-
cal emergency couldn’t survive. 
Th e fl ight from London, via Singapore, was for-
ced to land in Adelaide because of the incident. No 
passengers got off the fl ight while it was in Adelaide.
A witness on board told that everything started 
with a cabin announcement asking for any doctors 
on board. Th ere were two passengers with medical 
training, but nothing could be done to save the pas-
senger. Th e crew did everything they could, inclu-
ding performing CPR with a doctor on board, but 
unfortunately the passenger has passed away.
Adapted from nypost.com
In “Th e crew did everything they could (...)”, the 
modal “could” is used to indicate
a) ability
b) obligation
c) permission
d) prohibition
3. (EEAR) - In the famous words by John Len-
non: “You may say I’m a dreamer but I’m not the 
only one. I hope someday you’ll join us and the world 
will be as one”, 
the modal verb in bold indicates that:
a) He knew that he could dream about peace and 
try to help everybody.
b) He understood that he could be seen as a dreamer
c) He was not able to dream about peace and love.
d) He considered himself the only dreamer.
4. (EEAR)
Th e word “can”, in bold in the text, expresses 
________.
a) quality
b) permission
c) prohibition
d) importance
5. (EEAR)
In the sentence “It’s never too late to make chan-
ges to prevent diseases that may end your fl ying ca-
reer”, the modal verb “may” expresses __________.
a) ability
b) necessity
c) deduction
d) possibility
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
RT 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS 81
MODAL VERBS | UNIDADE X
6. (ESFCEX) Choose the alternative according to 
the right use of modals.
a) Do you can close the door, please?
b) Would you please bring me some tea?
c) We must go to the beach yesterday.
d) I can to go with you.
e) I needn’t to do this now.
7. (PM-SC) Complete the slots with the best mo-
dal verb according to the idea suggested in parenthe-
ses:
I. I ______ drive well. (ability)
II. Internet _______ be public (obligation)
III. In case of fire, you ________ take the stairs 
(recommendation)
a) Can – Might – Will
b) Must – Must – Should
c) Could – Will – May
d) May – Should – Need
e) Can – Must – Should
8. (EEAR) - The modal verbs underlined in each 
sentence express: 1 – She might be at the party. 2 – 
Can you drive a dump truck? 3 – He mustn’t sleep 
during the class. 4 – You ought to learn Aviation En-
glish.
a) ability, possibility, advice, prohibition
b) possibility, ability, prohibition, advice
c) permission, possibility, request, wish
d) ability, request, prohibition, offers
9. (EEAR) - Choose the alternative that presents 
the imperative form of the sentence: 
Doctor: You should drink less alcohol.
a) You ought to drink much alcohol.
b) Don’t drink too much alcohol.
c) Don’t drink less beer.
d) Don’t drink alcohol.
10. (EEAR) Choose the alternative to have the 
text completed correctly.
Your parents tell you to wear sunscreen when 
you’re outside in the summer. And they are certainly 
right. Sunscreen protects your skin from ultraviolet 
light rays. Too much ultraviolet is bad for your skin. 
If you spend a long time outside without any suns-
creen on, you ____ a sunburn because of the ultra-
violet rays. 
(Adapted from http://www.grammarbank.com)
a) would have got
b) might have got
c) might get
d) would get
11. (ESFCEX) - Chose the correct alternative ac-
cording to the use of modals.
( ) I was so tired last night but I couldn’t sleep. 
( ) She not must help you. 
( ) I’m not sure. I might not go to the movies.
a) V -V -V
b) V - F - V
c) F - V - V
d) F - F - V
e) F - V - F
12. (ETAM) Com base no texto abaixo, respon-
da à pergunta:
Working for the Navy can be a very interesting 
career choice. It will start with specialist training, 
both at sea and on-shore. As a result, you will deve-
lop practical and technical skills and will find yourself 
equipped with the confidence to interact in a team.
The Navy offers a lot of career options - from tech-
nical to non-technical posts, and for officer to civilian 
posts. There are hundreds of j ob opportunities avai-
lable. But some positions come with high responsi-
bilities.
For instance, Navy Electronics Technicians (ETs) 
are an exclusive group of professionals specially trai-
ned in electronic engineering and computer skills. 
They can operate and manage the electronic system 
s of the world’s most advanced ships and airplanes.
Another example of a Navy career is a Navy Hull 
Technician (HT). HTs maintain a ship’s marine sani-
tation system and also repair and maintain the small 
boats found aboard Navy ships.
Finally, Marine Technicians (MTs) operate, main-
tain and repair the ship’s machinery, as well as look 
after the power generation and distribution, and elec-
trical control systems of ships.
Sound good so far? Take a look at the pathways to 
careers at sea. And find out where a j ob at sea could 
take you. W here do you see yourself? Click here.
(adaptado de http://www.careersatsea.org/)
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS82
UNIDADE X | MODAL VERBS
O verbo modal can no primeiro e no terceiro pa-
rágrafos indica, respectivamente:
a) capacidade e possibilidade
b) permissão e possibilidade
c) possibilidade e capacidade
d) capacidade e permissão
13. (ETAM) TEXTO I
‘Brazilian Atlantis’: Scientists discover traces of 
sunken continent under Atlantic Ocean
Granite formed on dry land has been discovered 
beneath the ocean off the coast of Brazil. Scientists 
suggest that it might be part of a sunken continent 
which disappeared millions of years ago and already 
branded it ‘Brazilian Atlantis’.
A Japanese-manned submersible discovered a lar-
ge mass of granite and a large amount of quartz sand 
900 miles off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, according 
to the announcement made by Th e Japan Agency for 
Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 
and the Geology Service of Brazil (CPRM).
Th ese materials, normally found on dry land, su-
ggest that a continent once existed in the region and 
then sank. “It is unusual because it is granite rock,” 
CPRM geology director Roberto Ventura Santos as quo-
ted by ‘Th e Telegraph’. “And you don’t fi nd granite on 
the seabed. It is more usual to fi nd it on the mainland.”
Th e granite was discovered in a seabed that was 
estimated to have disappeared under the ocean waters 
tens of millions of years ago.
“South America and Africa used to be a huge, unifi ed 
continent. Th e area in question may have been left in 
water as the continent was separated in line with the 
movements of plates,” said Shinichi Kawakami, a pro-
fessor at Gifu University, Japan Times reports.
Th e material was reportedly found more than 
8,000 feet beneath the sea in a region known as the 
Rio Grande Elevation.
“Th is is the region that has been least explored worl-
dwide,” added Kawakami. “So, we believe it is very im-
portant to research it.”
“From an analysis, we began to see that the area could 
be a piece of the continent that disappeared into the sea 
millions of years ago,” Santos said as quoted by AFP. 
“Th is could be Brazil’s Atlantis. We are almost certain, 
but we need to strengthen this hypothesis.”
Th e fabled island was fi rst mentioned by Greek 
philosopher Plato in his dialogues ‘Timaeus’ and 
‘Critias’, written about 360 BC. According to Plato, 
Atlantis was situated in front of the Pillars of Hercu-
les, the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the 
promontories that fl ank the entrance to the Strait 
of Gibraltar. Th e civilization of Atlantis conquered 
many parts of Western Europe and Africa approxi-
mately 9600 BC. But the continent is believed to 
have sunk during a catastrophic natural disaster.
Scientists plan to drill for more samples later this 
year, as further confi rmation is needed. Experts still 
remain cautious about jumping to conclusions.
http://rt.com/news/brazil-altantis-scientists-granite-012/)
“may” em “may have been left” (linha 22) indica:
a) permissão.
b) habilidade.
c) incapacidade.
d) probabilidade.
14. (ETAM) 
Brazil to replace oil rigs with ‘underwater cities’
Traditional oil rigs will be replaced with “under-
water cities” within a decade under ambitious plans 
being drawn up by Petrobras, Brazil’sstate-owned 
energy group.
A ,Petrobras oil platform at Guabanara bay in Rio 
de Janeiro.
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS 83
MODAL VERBS | UNIDADE X
Petrobras plans to turn science fi ction into reality 
to extract oil from the vast pre-salt oil fi elds discove-
red off the south east coast of Brazil.
Th e plan is to construct ‘cities’ more than 2,000 
metres under water, containing machines, giant pie-
ces of equipment and robots that could inspect the 
systems being used to extract millions of barrels of 
oil. Many operations would be fully automated while 
others would be controlled by humans at a distance.
Petrobras already owns virtual reality laboratories 
where engineers can inspect 3D images of oil fi elds. 
But now they want to take a further technological 
leap by installing fl oating rig equipment on the sea 
bed.
Th e machinery under the sea would be capable 
of separating oil, gas, water and sand, compressing 
substances and generating enough energy to keep the 
operation function.
(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/fi nance/newsbysector/energy/oiland-
gas/8228548/Brazil-to-replace-oil-rigs-with-underwater-cities.html)
A expressão verbal em “Th e machinery under the 
sea would be capable” indica:
a) impossibilidade;
b) negação;
c) possibilidade;
d) permissão.
15. (EEAR) Read the text and answer question.
Sam’s adventure
It’s a very hot Texas night; 35ºC! Sam can’t sleep. 
He’s hot and he’s hungry. He goes to the kitchen. He 
cooks some fried bananas. But he forgets to turn off 
the gas. He leaves the kitchen and goes to the pool. 
His parents are asleep; they don’t know about his ad-
venture.
He’s in the water-alone
Mmm, It’s cool! Suddenly he gets cramp in his 
legs and he can’t swim. He looks at the house and it’s 
on fi re. Sam’s parents are in there and he must help 
them. He is desperate.
Th e word “must”, in bold, in the text, indicate
a) ability
b) necessity
c) permission
d) suggestion
16. (IME) Para a questão, escolha a alternativa 
que complete a sentença corretamente:
Don’t be ridiculous! Th at man _______________ 
possibly be Barrack Obama!
a) mustn’t
b) can’t
c) shouldn’t
d) won’t
e) doesn’t
17. (EEAR)17. (EEAR)
In “Can I see it?”, (line 4), the modal verb “can” 
gives us an idea of
a) ability.
b) obligation.
c) permission.
d) probability
18. (EEAR)18. (EEAR)
A similar meaning to the modal verb “must”, (line 
5), is
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS84
UNIDADE X | MODAL VERBS
a) may.
b) will.
c) could
d) need to.
19. (EEAR) 19. (EEAR) 
In “...Argentina must respect the wishes of…”, 
(line 7), the underlined word can be replaced by
a) would like to.
b) is likely to.
c) is able to.
d) needs to.
20. (EEAR) 
Angry Birds
Angry Birds are fat and round. Angry Birds can-
not fl y. But Angry Birds are superstars. Millions of 
people around the world are addicted to them. It’s the 
number one game for smartphones.
(Adapted from Speak Up # 295) 
GLOSSARY
addicted to – viciado em 
Th e affi rmative form of the underlined modal 
verb, in the paragraph, expresses
a) obligation.
b) necessity.
c) advice.
d) ability.
21. (EEAR) 
Child: Mom, uncle Tom looks so sleepy and tired.
Mom: He may have stayed up all night. 
“May”, in bold type in the dialogue, expresses
a) impossibility.
b) possibility.
c) permission.
d) certainty.
22. (EEAR) “Th e chocolate analysis must start 
with the visual aspect. A bar, for instance, has to be 
uniform, quite fl at and bright. A whitish aspect is not 
a good sign, that means it remained on the shelf and 
melted,” explains the confectioner.
(Taken from TAM magazine # 38)
GLOSSARY
whitish – esbranquiçado
melted – derretido
Th e modal verb “must”, in the paragraph, expresses
a) intention.
b) necessity.
c) deduction.
d) strong obligation.
23. (EEAR)
“can”, (line 2), gives us an idea of
a) intention.
b) necessity.
c) deduction.
d) possibility.
24. (EEAR) Chandra is a dentist in Texas. She is 
from India. “I’m afraid to try new foods because they 
might contain beef.
I’m a Hindu, and my religion forbids me to eat 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS 85
MODAL VERBS | UNIDADE X
meat from the cow. Th at’s why I can’t eat hamburgers 
or spaghetti with meatballs.” 
Th e modal verb, underlined in the extract, expresses
a) advice.
b) ability.
c) possibility.
d) permission.
25. (EEAR)25. (EEAR)
In “…people should always carry a good book”, 
should is used to
a) give an order.
b) show surprise.
c) ask for permission.
d) give a piece of advice.
26. (EEAR) In the sentence “We mustn’t enter 
the party. It’s private”, the modal verb in bold type 
expresses
a) request
b) obligation
c) prohibition
d) lack of ability
27. (EEAR) 
“Must” in bold type (lines 1 and 2) can be correc-
tly replaced by:
a) can – can
b) can – could
c) could – could
d) have to – have to
28. (EEAR)
Read the sentences and write T for the correct ma-
tching between the phrasal verb and the meaning or 
F for the incorrect matching:
( ) May I close the door? It is too cold. (ask for 
permission)
( ) Nobody answers the phone. Th ey must be busy. 
(obligation)
( ) She should talk to him to apologize. (sugges-
tion)
( ) Th ey might not come for dinner. (prohibition)
Choose the correct alternative:
a) T – F – T – F
b) T – T – F – T
c) T – F – F – F
d) F – F – T – T
29. (EEAR)
In the article, the word in bold type (line 7) ex-
presses
a) advice
b) ability
c) request
d) preference
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
RAF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
INGLÊS86
UNIDADE X | MODAL VERBS
GABARITO
1. RESPOSTA: D
2. RESPOSTA: A
3. RESPOSTA: B
4. RESPOSTA: B
5. RESPOSTA: D
6. RESPOSTA: B
Resolução: Entre todas as alternativas acima, a única senten-
ça gramaticalmente correta é a opção B.
7. RESPOSTA: E
8. RESPOSTA: B
9. RESPOSTA: B
10. RESPOSTA: C
Resolução: De todas as opções acima, a única alternativa que 
expressa uma possibilidade referente ao presente é a alternativa 
C.
11. RESPOSTA: B
Resolução: De acordo com a regra gramatical, para forma-
mos a negação do modal verb Must, é necessário posicionar o 
“not” posterior ao Must.
12. RESPOSTA: C
13. RESPOSTA: D
14. RESPOSTA: C
15. RESPOSTA: B
Resolução: O modal verb Must indica a forte necessidade de 
algo. Neste caso, no texto, como a casa estava em chamas, havia 
uma forte necessidade que Sam ajudasse seus pais a sair da casa. 
16. RESPOSTA: B
17. RESPOSTA: C
18. RESPOSTA: D
19. RESPOSTA: D
20. RESPOSTA: D
21. RESPOSTA: D
22. RESPOSTA: C
23. RESPOSTA: D
24. RESPOSTA: C
25. RESPOSTA: D
26. RESPOSTA: C
27. RESPOSTA: D
Resolução: O único modal verb próprio que tem o sentido 
próximo do must, que expressa obrigação, é o modal verb have 
to. 
28. RESPOSTA: A
29. RESPOSTA: B
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6 
R
AF
AE
L 
G
O
U
LA
R
T 
D
O
S 
R
EI
S 
01
56
21
48
65
6