Simulado_1- Lingua Inglesa- estrutura sintática II

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Disc.: LÍNGUA INGLESA ESTRUTURA SINTÁTICA II   
	Aluno(a): ALINE SCHUCK RECH
	202003107379
	Acertos: 3,0 de 10,0
	01/05/2022
		1a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	Like simple conjunctions, correlative conjunctions in complex coordination can also express different meanings. Based on it, what is the meaning expressed by the correlative conjunction either...or in the following sentence: Maria has eaten either rice or pasta?
		
	
	Time
	
	Purpose
	
	Addition
	 
	Alternative
	
	Concession
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:34:05
	
	Explicação:
Feedback: The pairs of correlative conjunctions are the following: both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also, either...or, which convey addition, exclusion, alternatives. In the sentence Maria has eaten either rice or pasta the conjunctions are used to present alternatives, options; therefore, the idea of alternative (one or another) is being conveyed.
	
		2a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	In negative sentences, ellipsis can also occur in the second clause, using the word either or neither. Based on it, put the affirmative sentence my friend said it, and I did too in its negative form, considering the use of either. Choose the grammatically correct option:
		
	
	My friend didn't say it, and I didn't too.
	 
	My friend didn't say it, and I didn't either.
	 
	My friend didn't say it, and I either.
	
	My friend didn't say it, and I either did.
	
	My friend didn't say it, and I said either.
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:35:39
	
	Explicação:
Feedback: Either and too are very similar in usage. They tend to be placed at the end of sentences. Whereas either is used with negative sentences, too is used with positive ones. What¿s more, to correctly use either, the auxiliary verb should also be used. Only the sentence My friend didn¿t say it, and I didn¿t either exemplifies its correct use. The other options either place the word incorrectly after the subject, omit the auxiliary verb altogether, or use the main verb, instead of the auxiliary verb.
	
		3a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	READ THE TEXT BELOW:
First published in 1951, Shamanism soon became the standard work in the (1) STUDY of this (2) MYSTERIOUS and fascinating phenomenon. Writing as the founder of the modern study of the history of religion, Romanian émigré scholar Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) (3) SURVEYS the practice of Shamanism over two and a half millennia of human history, moving from the Shamanic traditions of Siberia and Central Asia, (4) WHERE Shamanism was (5) FIRST observed, to North and South America, Indonesia, Tibet, China, and beyond.
(MIRCEA ELIADE. Library Thing (ed.). Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Available at: https://www.librarything.com/work/132380. Accessed: Sep. 3rd,  2021.)
Which of the highlighted words IN BLOCK LETTERS in the text is an example of an Adjective Phrase?
		
	
	3
	
	4
	
	1
	 
	2
	
	5
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:37:56
	
	Explicação:
Mysterious (CORRECT), since the suffix "-OUS" is used to change nouns into adjectives. In the case, the noun MYSTERY + the suffix "-OUS" was changed into the adjective MYSTERIOUS. Consequently, as the central element of an Adjective Phrase must be an adjective, the word in question is used to form an Adjective Phrase. The other words show either examples of noun (study and survey), relative pronouns (where) or determiners (first).
	
		4a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Read the texts below:
 
TEXT I
 
Prologue
Hear me! We have heard of Danish heroes,
Ancient kings and the glory they cut
For themselves, swinging mighty swords!
How Shild made slaves of soldiers from every land,
Crowds of captives he had beaten
Into terror; he had traveled to Denmark alone,
An abandoned child, but changed his own fate,
Lived to be rich and honored.
(RAFFEL, Burton. Beowulf. New York: Signet Classics, 2008, p.3)
 
 
TEXT II
 
"A phrase with a preposition as the head followed by a complement is called a prepositional phrase."
(CARTER, Ronald.; McCARTHY, Michael. Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge: CUP, 2010., p.916)
 
Based on the TEXTS above, the highlighted element from TEXT I which dialogues with the definition provided in TEXT II is:
		
	 
	the glory
	
	rich and honored
	
	we
	
	have heard
	 
	of captives
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:44:26
	
	Explicação:
The phrase of captives is composed of the preposition OF + a complement (CAPTIVES). Consequently, it¿s classed as a PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. Rich and Honored, on the other hand, since it contains two adjectives, it¿s an example of an ADJECTIVE PHRASE. Have heard is a VERB PHRASE composed of the auxiliary verb HAVE + lexical verb HEARD. We, because it contains a pronoun, falls under the NOUN PHRASE category. Finally, the glory is an example of a NOUN PHRASE composed of the definite article THE + the noun GLORY. Therefore, of captives is the only correct answer.
	
		5a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	You have learned that nonrestrictive relative clauses can refer to a noun phrase or to the main clause as a whole. When its referent is just a noun phrase, the nonrestrictive relative clause plays the role of an appositive. In the excerpt below, the nonrestrictive relative clause has been reduced, following the principles of the relative pronoun + verb to be deletion rule. Choose the option that best rephrases the statement below, while also eliciting the previously deleted relative pronoun and verb to be.
 
But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program ¿ the small size of the so-called buffer pool, a bureaucratic term for an insurance policy against disasters like fires.
 
Source: Forests Used as Carbon Offsets Are Going Up in Wildfire Flames - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
		
	
	But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program - whose is the small size of the so-called buffer pool, (...).
	
	But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program that is the small size of the so-called buffer pool, (...).
	
	But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program, in which is the small size of the so-called buffer pool, (...).
	 
	But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program - which is the small size of the so-called buffer pool, (...).
	 
	But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program which is the small size of the so-called buffer pool, (...).
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:46:58
	
	Explicação:
Two relative pronouns could be used here: either that or which, since the noun phrase it refers to is a non-human antecedent (that is, "one of the main weaknesses in the program"). However, since a dash or a comma has to be used to keep apart the main clause and the nonrestrictive relative clause, only the relative pronoun "which" can be used in this case. The relative pronoun "that" is not used in nonrestrictive relative clauses. The only correct option is then: ¿But experts say the wildfires have highlighted one of the main weaknesses in the program - which is the small size of the so-called buffer pool, (...)".
	
		6a
          Questão
	Acerto: 1,0  / 1,0
	
	In 2014, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published a document with guidelines for a more sustainable use of plastic. You can find in the excerpt below a clause defining the sort of world the project is willing to build. After reading it, choose the option that best rephrases it.
"The Plastic Disclosure Project asks organisations to measure, manage, disclose and benefit from more sustainable use of plastic. It seeks a world in which plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment".
		
	
	It seeks a world how plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impactingthe environment.
	
	It seeks a world in that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
	 
	It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
	
	It seeks a world that plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
	
	It seeks a world when plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment.
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:48:00
	
	Explicação:
Where is the relative adverb that best conveys the meaning of place present in in which. "In which" can convey different meanings such as place, time and manner. In the excerpt, though, place is being conveyed. In order to rewrite the sentence while still retaining its original meaning, "where" should be used. The only correct option is hence: "It seeks a world where plastic adds value for consumers and businesses without negatively impacting the environment". The other options convey either time (when), manner (how) or present relative pronouns (that).
	
		7a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Which option best rephrases the following statement?This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world's governments in 2018 - the year in which the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary.
		
	
	This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world's governments in 2018 - the year in that the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary in.
	 
	This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world's governments in 2018 - the year the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary in.
	
	This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world¿s governments in 2018 - where the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary.
	 
	This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world's governments in 2018 when the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary.
	
	This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world's governments in 2018 the year in which the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary.
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:50:38
	
	Explicação:
You are asked to rephrase a nonrestrictive relative clause and, therefore, you must use either a dash or a comma to keep it apart from the main clause. Besides paying attention to punctuation, you must also preserve the preposition, even if you choose to delete the relative pronoun which. The only option in which both the nonrestrictive relative clause is maintained and the preposition is correctly being used is: "This IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was formally approved by the world's governments in 2018 - the year the IPCC celebrates its 30th anniversary in."
	
		8a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Mark the option that best classifies the syntactic function of the noun phrase "extreme sea level events" in the main clause and in the restrictive relative clause respectively:
Extreme sea level events [that previously occurred once in 100 years] could happen every year by the end of this century.
		
	
	Object, object.
	
	Subject, agent of the passive voice.
	 
	Subject, subject.
	 
	Object, subject.
	
	Subject, object.
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:52:50
	
	Explicação:
The noun phrase "extreme sea level events" is the subject of the verb "occurred" in the main clause, as well as the subject of the verb phrase "could happen" in the restrictive relative clause. Therefore, "subject, subject" is the correct answer. Remember that the canonical word order in English is subject-verb-complement, meaning that the subject usually precedes the verb phrase; which is the case of the sentence above.
	
		9a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Sentences in English have interesting characteristics. In terms of word order patterns, it is correct to affirm that:
		
	
	negative sentences follow the prototypical canonical VS Word order.
	
	affirmative sentences do not follow the prototypical canonical SV Word order.
	 
	interrogative sentences do not follow the prototypical canonical SV word order.
	 
	interrogative sentences follow the prototypical canonical SV Word order.
	
	negative sentences do not follow the prototypical canonical SV Word order.
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:53:16
	
	Explicação:
In English interrogative sentences are the only ones not to follow the prototypical canonical SV word order. Affirmative and negative sentences thus follow what is considered to be the canonical word order, that is, SV (subject-verb). Interrogative sentences are the exception to the rule.
	
		10a
          Questão
	Acerto: 0,0  / 1,0
	
	Full verbs are lexical items whose main function is to carry meaning. Which option contains an example of the word have as a full verb?
		
	 
	She has to exercise every day.
	
	She has been to London.
	
	Has she done it yet?
	 
	She has a sweet tooth.
	
	She¿s finished
	Respondido em 01/05/2022 22:53:56
	
	Explicação:
A verb is considered to be a full verb, when it plays the role of the main verb in a verb phrase. In "She has been to London", "Has she done it yet?" and "She's finished" the present perfect is being used, meaning that the verb to have is actually the auxiliary verb in the sentences in question. In "She has to exercise every day", the verb to have is a semi-modal. The only option in which have is a synonym for possess or owe is in the sentence "She has a sweet tooth", which is the correct option.