<div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg1.png"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">RESISTÊNCIA DOS </div><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y2 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">MATERIAIS III </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y3 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">(PARTE II)<span class="ff2"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h4 y4 ff3 fs1 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Marcelo Quadros</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf2" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="2"><div class="pc pc2 w0 h0"><img class="bi x2 y5 w2 h5" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg2.png"><div class="t m0 x2 h6 y6 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Método d<span class="blank _0"></span>os </div><div class="t m0 x2 h6 y7 ff4 fs2 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws2">el<span class="blank _1"> </span>eme<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntos f<span class="blank _1"> </span>initos<span class="blank _1"> </span> I</div><div class="t m0 x3 h7 y8 ff4 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls3 ws3">Objetivos de aprendizage<span class="blank _1"> </span>m</div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y9 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">Ao final de<span class="blank _0"></span>ste t<span class="blank _0"></span>ex<span class="blank _1"> </span>to<span class="blank _0"></span>, você dev<span class="blank _0"></span>e apre<span class="blank _0"></span>sentar o<span class="blank _0"></span>s seguin<span class="blank _0"></span>tes a<span class="blank _0"></span>prendi<span class="blank _0"></span>zados:</div><div class="t m0 x5 h9 ya ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff6">\ue684</span></div><div class="t m1 x6 h8 ya ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls4 ws4">Conc<span class="blank _0"></span>eitua<span class="blank _0"></span>r o método dos eleme<span class="blank _0"></span>nt<span class="blank _0"></span>os finit<span class="blank _0"></span>os e geometria dos e<span class="blank _0"></span>lement<span class="blank _0"></span>os.</div><div class="t m0 x5 h9 yb ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff6 ls1">\ue684<span class="ff5 fc2 ls0 ws5">Exp<span class="blank _1"> </span>licar o pr<span class="blank _0"></span>oces<span class="blank _0"></span>so de geração de malh<span class="blank _0"></span>a de elemen<span class="blank _0"></span>tos fin<span class="blank _0"></span>ito<span class="blank _0"></span>s e pro-</span></span></div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 yc ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">ces<span class="blank _0"></span>so de solução. </div><div class="t m0 x5 h9 yd ff5 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0"> <span class="blank _2"></span><span class="ff6">\ue684</span></div><div class="t m2 x6 h8 yd ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls5 ws6">Anal<span class="blank _0"></span>isar as c<span class="blank _0"></span>ondiç<span class="blank _0"></span>ões de con<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>orno e a aplicação de car<span class="blank _0"></span>ga em um<span class="blank _0"></span>a </div><div class="t m0 x6 h8 ye ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls6 ws7">malha de elementos finitos.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h7 yf ff4 fs3 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1">Introduçã<span class="blank _0"></span>o</div><div class="t m3 x4 h8 y10 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws6">Neste capítulo<span class="blank _0"></span>, voc<span class="blank _0"></span>ê estudará sobre o mét<span class="blank _0"></span>odo dos elemen<span class="blank _0"></span>to<span class="blank _0"></span>s finit<span class="blank _0"></span>os, </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y11 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws8">que si<span class="blank _0"></span>mplificadamen<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>e é uma aná<span class="blank _0"></span>lise m<span class="blank _0"></span>at<span class="blank _0"></span>emá<span class="blank _0"></span>tica que c<span class="blank _0"></span>onsi<span class="blank _0"></span>ste na frag-</div><div class="t m4 x4 h8 y12 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls9 ws6">mentação de um me<span class="blank _0"></span>io con<span class="blank _0"></span>tín<span class="blank _0"></span>uo em pequenos elemen<span class="blank _0"></span>to<span class="blank _0"></span>s sem que </div><div class="t m5 x4 h8 y13 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws6">haja a<span class="blank _0"></span>lte<span class="blank _0"></span>ração das propriedades do me<span class="blank _0"></span>io origin<span class="blank _0"></span>al. Anal<span class="blank _0"></span>isar<span class="blank _0"></span>emos e c<span class="blank _0"></span>o<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ls0">-</span></div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y14 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws9">nhecer<span class="blank _0"></span>emos os pri<span class="blank _0"></span>ncípios bás<span class="blank _0"></span>ic<span class="blank _0"></span>os de mét<span class="blank _0"></span>odos numéric<span class="blank _0"></span>os e o c<span class="blank _0"></span>once<span class="blank _0"></span>ito </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y15 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 wsa">de geração de malh<span class="blank _0"></span>a, que é util<span class="blank _0"></span>izado como base para a formul<span class="blank _0"></span>ação do </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y16 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">método dos ele<span class="blank _0"></span>ment<span class="blank _0"></span>os finit<span class="blank _0"></span>os. </div><div class="t m6 x6 h8 y17 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 lsa wsb">V<span class="blank _0"></span>ocê apr<span class="blank _0"></span>enderá a an<span class="blank _0"></span>ali<span class="blank _0"></span>sar a conc<span class="blank _0"></span>epção estrutural e en<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>ender c<span class="blank _0"></span>omo ela </div><div class="t m7 x4 h8 y18 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 lsa wsc">pode inf<span class="blank _1"> </span>luencia<span class="blank _0"></span>r o com<span class="blank _0"></span>por<span class="blank _1"> </span>tament<span class="blank _0"></span>o da estrutura e a aplicação da<span class="blank _0"></span>s malha<span class="blank _0"></span>s </div><div class="t m8 x4 h8 y19 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 lsa wsb">de cálculo para o mét<span class="blank _0"></span>odo dos elemen<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>os finit<span class="blank _0"></span>os. Além d<span class="blank _0"></span>isso<span class="blank _0"></span>, estudar<span class="blank _0"></span>emos </div><div class="t m9 x4 h8 y1a ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 wsc">a sim<span class="blank _0"></span>ulação da<span class="blank _0"></span>s condi<span class="blank _0"></span>ções de c<span class="blank _0"></span>ont<span class="blank _0"></span>orno para a modelagem adequada e </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y1b ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">preci<span class="blank _0"></span>sa de uma estrutura para uma aná<span class="blank _0"></span>li<span class="blank _0"></span>se por element<span class="blank _0"></span>os \ufb01n<span class="blank _0"></span>itos.</div><div class="t ma x6 h8 y1c ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls8 ws6">Nesta leitura, voc<span class="blank _0"></span>ê con<span class="blank _0"></span>hecerá o moderno e inovador mét<span class="blank _0"></span>odo dos </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y1d ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 wsd">elemen<span class="blank _0"></span>tos fin<span class="blank _0"></span>ito<span class="blank _0"></span>s e a obt<span class="blank _0"></span>enção da geometria dos ele<span class="blank _0"></span>ment<span class="blank _0"></span>os a partir do </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y1e ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls0 wse">proce<span class="blank _0"></span>sso de geração de malh<span class="blank _0"></span>a desses eleme<span class="blank _0"></span>nt<span class="blank _0"></span>os. Por fi<span class="blank _0"></span>m, será possív<span class="blank _0"></span>el </div><div class="t mb x4 h8 y1f ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 lsb wsc">anal<span class="blank _0"></span>isar as c<span class="blank _0"></span>ondiç<span class="blank _0"></span>ões de con<span class="blank _0"></span>t<span class="blank _0"></span>orno e a aplicação de carg<span class="blank _0"></span>a em uma m<span class="blank _0"></span>alha </div><div class="t m0 x4 h8 y20 ff5 fs4 fc2 sc0 ls6 ws7">de elementos finitos.</div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf3" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="3"><div class="pc pc3 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y21 w3 ha" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg3.png"><div class="t m0 x7 hb y22 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">1 <span class="blank _3"> </span>Método dos eleme<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntos finitos e </div><div class="t m0 x8 hb y6 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">geometria dos eleme<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntos</div><div class="t mc x7 hc y7 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsa ws12">O <span class="blank _4"></span>métod<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"></span>dos <span class="blank _4"></span>elementos <span class="blank _4"></span>\ue6bf<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos <span class="blank _4"></span>é <span class="blank _4"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _4"></span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>écn<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica <span class="blank _4"></span>comput<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>cional <span class="blank _4"></span>que <span class="blank _4"></span>revoluci<span class="blank _0"></span>onou </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y23 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">o <span class="blank _4"></span>modo como <span class="blank _4"></span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>ngen<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>st<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ut<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>al <span class="blank _0"></span>é <span class="blank _4"></span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>senvo<span class="blank _4"></span>lv<span class="blank _1"> </span>ida. Com <span class="blank _4"></span>est<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>mét<span class="blank _1"> </span>odo, <span class="blank _4"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma </div><div class="t md x7 hc y24 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws8">est<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _5"> </span>ut<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _5"> </span>nor<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span>mente <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>geomet<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia <span class="blank _5"> </span>complexa <span class="blank _1"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>subd<span class="blank _1"> </span>ivid<span class="blank _1"> </span>ida <span class="blank _5"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>pe<span class="blank _1"> </span>quen<span class="blank _1"> </span>as </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y25 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">regiõe<span class="blank _1"> </span>s, <span class="blank _1"> </span>cha<span class="blank _1"> </span>mad<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>elementos <span class="blank _1"> </span>\ue6bf<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ca<span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>ais <span class="blank _1"> </span>com <span class="blank _1"> </span>geomet<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia </div><div class="t me x7 hc y26 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls9 ws13">simples, <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>compor<span class="blank _5"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>ame<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto <span class="blank _5"> </span>delas <span class="blank _5"> </span>poss<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>er <span class="blank _5"> </span>mai<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>fa<span class="blank _1"> </span>cil<span class="blank _1"> </span>ment<span class="blank _1"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y9 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsc wsf">caracteriza<span class="blank"> </span>do<span class="blank _4"></span>.</div><div class="t m0 x9 hc y27 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">Seg<span class="blank _1"> </span>und<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"></span>Budy<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>as e <span class="blank _4"></span>Nisbet<span class="blank _1"> </span>t <span class="blank _4"></span>(20<span class="blank _4"></span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>6)<span class="blank _0"></span>, <span class="blank _4"></span>q<span class="blank _1"> </span>ua<span class="blank _1"> </span>ndo <span class="blank _4"></span>o método dos <span class="blank _4"></span>elementos f<span class="blank _1"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t mf x7 hc ya ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lse ws14">su<span class="blank _1"> </span>rgiu <span class="blank _5"> </span>na <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>éca<span class="blank _1"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>4<span class="blank _1"> </span>0, <span class="blank _1"> </span>por <span class="blank _1"> </span>meio <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>st<span class="blank _1"> </span>udos <span class="blank _5"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>ngen<span class="blank _1"> </span>hei<span class="blank _1"> </span>ros <span class="blank _1"> </span>H<span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ni<span class="blank _1"> </span>koff, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc yb ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsf ws15">McHen<span class="blank _5"> </span>r<span class="blank _5"> </span>y e New<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>k<span class="blank _1"> </span>, a res<span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>on<span class="blank _1"> </span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>abi<span class="blank _1"> </span>l<span class="blank _1"> </span>id<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> er<span class="blank _1"> </span>a to<span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>a do eng<span class="blank _1"> </span>en<span class="blank _5"> </span>he<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _0"></span>pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ojet<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>st<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span> na </div><div class="t m10 x7 hc yc ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls10 wsa">complexa <span class="blank _4"></span>ta<span class="blank _1"> </span>refa <span class="blank _4"></span>de <span class="blank _4"></span>descrever <span class="blank _4"></span>as <span class="blank _4"></span>mal<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"></span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>nual<span class="blank _1"> </span>ment<span class="blank _1"> </span>e. <span class="blank _4"></span>Em <span class="blank _6"></span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>943<span class="blank _4"></span>, <span class="blank _4"></span>Cou<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>nt <span class="blank _6"></span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>uger<span class="blank _1"> </span>iu </div><div class="t m11 x7 hc yd ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls11 ws16">a <span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>nter<span class="blank _5"> </span>polaçã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>poli<span class="blank _1"> </span>nom<span class="blank _1"> </span>ial <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>or <span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>chos <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>sub<span class="blank _1"> </span>-reg<span class="blank _1"> </span>iões <span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia<span class="blank _1"> </span>ng<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>lare<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>como <span class="blank _5"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc ye ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">métod<span class="blank _1"> </span>o pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _1"> </span>modela<span class="blank _1"> </span>r pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>obl<span class="blank _0"></span>ema<span class="blank _1"> </span>s d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e t<span class="blank _1"> </span>orção. Com <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>advento <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>comput<span class="blank _1"> </span>adore<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m12 x7 hc y28 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lse ws14">digit<span class="blank _1"> </span>ais <span class="blank _5"> </span>nos <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nos <span class="blank _5"> </span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>950, t<span class="blank _1"> </span>or<span class="blank _1"> </span>nou-<span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _1"> </span>pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ático <span class="blank _5"> </span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _5"> </span>os <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>ngen<span class="blank _1"> </span>hei<span class="blank _1"> </span>ros <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>screver<span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m13 x7 hc y29 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls10 wsa">resolverem <span class="blank _4"></span>equ<span class="blank _1"> </span>aç<span class="blank _1"> </span>ões <span class="blank _4"></span>de <span class="blank _4"></span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>igidez <span class="blank _6"></span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"></span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _4"></span>mat<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>icial. <span class="blank _4"></span>Um <span class="blank _6"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>igo <span class="blank _6"></span>clássico <span class="blank _6"></span>de <span class="blank _4"></span>T<span class="blank _6"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ne<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _0"></span>, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2a ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls12 ws17">Clou<span class="blank _1"> </span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>h<span class="blank _1"> </span>, Ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _5"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>n e T<span class="blank _6"></span>op<span class="blank _1"> </span>p, publ<span class="blank _1"> </span>ic<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>do<span class="blank _1"> </span> em 1<span class="blank _4"></span>956<span class="blank _1"> </span>, apr<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>se<span class="blank _1"> </span>nt<span class="blank _1"> </span>ou<span class="blank _1"> </span> as eq<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>çõ<span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>s ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>cia<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2b ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">de rigidez par<span class="blank _1"> </span>a bar<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>s, vigas e <span class="blank _4"></span>out<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _0"></span>elementos. P<span class="blank _4"></span>or f<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>m, em 1<span class="blank _6"></span>960 a e<span class="blank _0"></span>xpre<span class="blank _1"> </span>ssão<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y10 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">\u201ce<span class="blank _0"></span>lemento \ue6bf<span class="blank _1"> </span>nit<span class="blank _1"> </span>o\u201d <span class="blank _0"></span>fo<span class="blank _0"></span>i atr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ibu<span class="blank _1"> </span>ída pela pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>meir<span class="blank _1"> </span>a vez <span class="blank _0"></span>por Clough.</div><div class="t m14 x9 hc y11 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls11 ws16">Atu<span class="blank _1"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span>ment<span class="blank _1"> </span>e, <span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>senvo<span class="blank _0"></span>lvi<span class="blank _1"> </span>mento <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>gera<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção <span class="blank _5"> </span>da <span class="blank _5"> </span>mal<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha <span class="blank _5"> </span>at<span class="blank _1"> </span>ravés <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>arqu<span class="blank _1"> </span>ivos </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y12 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">text<span class="blank _1"> </span>o foi subst<span class="blank _1"> </span>it<span class="blank _1"> </span>uído <span class="blank _1"> </span>pela def<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ição d<span class="blank _1"> </span>o modelo de<span class="blank _1"> </span>nt<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro de <span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m a<span class="blank _1"> </span>mbiente g<span class="blank _1"> </span>rá<span class="blank _1"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>ico </div><div class="t m15 x7 hc y13 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls13 ws18">int<span class="blank _1"> </span>er<span class="blank _1"> </span>ativo <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>er<span class="blank _5"> </span>mite <span class="blank _5"> </span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>nece<span class="blank _1"> </span>r <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>form<span class="blank _1"> </span>açõ<span class="blank _1"> </span>es <span class="blank _1"> </span>ne<span class="blank _1"> </span>ces<span class="blank _1"> </span>sá<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ias <span class="blank _5"> </span>ao <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>rogr<span class="blank _1"> </span>am<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m16 x7 hc y14 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">an<span class="blank _1"> </span>álise <span class="blank _4"></span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>v<span class="blank _1"> </span>isu<span class="blank _1"> </span>ali<span class="blank _1"> </span>za<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção <span class="blank _4"></span>dos <span class="blank _4"></span>res<span class="blank _1"> </span>ult<span class="blank _1"> </span>ados. <span class="blank _4"></span>A <span class="blank _4"></span>evo<span class="blank _0"></span>lução <span class="blank _4"></span>des<span class="blank _1"> </span>ses <span class="blank _4"></span>prog<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _6"></span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>áf<span class="blank _1"> </span>icos <span class="blank _4"></span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y15 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">proce<span class="blank _1"> </span>ssa<span class="blank _1"> </span>mento <span class="blank _4"></span>pro<span class="blank _1"> </span>porcionou <span class="blank _6"></span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>and<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"></span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>duçã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"></span>no <span class="blank _4"></span>te<span class="blank _1"> </span>mpo <span class="blank _4"></span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>con<span class="blank _1"> </span>seque<span class="blank _1"> </span>nteme<span class="blank _1"> </span>nte <span class="blank _4"></span>no </div><div class="t m17 x7 hc y16 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls2 ws2">esforço <span class="blank _6"></span>ger<span class="blank _1"> </span>ado <span class="blank _4"></span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _4"></span>def<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>niçã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"></span>do <span class="blank _4"></span>modelo, <span class="blank _6"></span>e <span class="blank _6"></span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>est<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"></span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _4"></span>propiciou <span class="blank _6"></span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>ior <span class="blank _6"></span>pre<span class="blank _1"> </span>cisão<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y17 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">e <span class="blank _1"> </span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>alid<span class="blank _1"> </span>ade <span class="blank _1"> </span>à<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>an<span class="blank _1"> </span>áli<span class="blank _1"> </span>ses <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>scr<span class="blank _1"> </span>evem o <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>roblema. <span class="blank _1"> </span>V<span class="blank _6"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>mos <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>compa<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha<span class="blank _1"> </span>r <span class="blank _1"> </span>est<span class="blank _1"> </span>as<span class="blank _1"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y18 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">muda<span class="blank _1"> </span>nça<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"></span>ao l<span class="blank _4"></span>ongo <span class="blank _4"></span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>h<span class="blank _1"> </span>ist<span class="blank _1"> </span>ór<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia, <span class="blank _0"></span>onde <span class="blank _4"></span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ná<span class="blank _1"> </span>lise <span class="blank _0"></span>dos <span class="blank _4"></span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>su<span class="blank _1"> </span>lta<span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _4"></span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>eal<span class="blank _1"> </span>iz<span class="blank _1"> </span>ad<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>pela </div><div class="t m18 x7 hc y19 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls14 ws19">cons<span class="blank _1"> </span>ult<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"></span>de <span class="blank _4"></span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>nú<span class="blank _1"> </span>mer<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"></span>fo<span class="blank _4"></span>l<span class="blank _1"> </span>h<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"></span>de <span class="blank _4"></span>list<span class="blank _1"> </span>agem<span class="blank _1"> </span>, <span class="blank _4"></span>e, <span class="blank _6"></span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>pois, <span class="blank _4"></span>com <span class="blank _4"></span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>evo<span class="blank _4"></span>luçã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"></span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"></span><span class="ff8 ls11 ws10">sof<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>wa<span class="blank"> </span>re<span class="blank"> </span>s<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ff9 ls0 ws0"> </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1a ff9 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">e <span class="ff8 ls0 ws11">hardwares</span><span class="ff7">, fo<span class="blank _4"></span>i <span class="blank _1"> </span>su<span class="blank _1"> </span>bstit<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ída <span class="blank _1"> </span>pela <span class="blank _1"> </span>vis<span class="blank _1"> </span>ua<span class="blank _1"> </span>li<span class="blank _1"> </span>zaç<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _1"> </span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>ráf<span class="blank _5"> </span>ica, <span class="blank _1"> </span>onde <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _1"> </span>resu<span class="blank _1"> </span>lta<span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>sã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o </span></div><div class="t m19 x7 hc y1b ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls14 ws19">apres<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>ados <span class="blank _4"></span>sob <span class="blank _4"></span>divers<span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _6"></span>mo<span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _6"></span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"></span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>pre<span class="blank _1"> </span>sent<span class="blank _1"> </span>açã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _6"></span>g<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>áf<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica <span class="blank _4"></span>con<span class="blank _1"> </span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>me <span class="blank _6"></span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>monst<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1c ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsd wse">nosso cronog<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma d<span class="blank _1"> </span>a ev<span class="blank _0"></span>olução da an<span class="blank _1"> </span>ális<span class="blank _1"> </span>e pelo <span class="blank _4"></span>mét<span class="blank _1"> </span>odo de elementos f<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos.</div><div class="t m1a x9 hc y1d ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws1a">As <span class="blank _5"> </span>diver<span class="blank _1"> </span>sas <span class="blank _5"> </span>geomet<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>eleme<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntos <span class="blank _5"> </span>(<span class="blank _4"></span>Q<span class="blank _1"> </span>ua<span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro <span class="blank _5"> </span>1<span class="blank _6"></span>) <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>Budy<span class="blank _1"> </span>na<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>Nisbet<span class="blank _1"> </span>t </div><div class="t m1b x7 hc y1e ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsb ws1b">(<span class="blank _4"></span>20<span class="blank _4"></span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>6) <span class="blank _4"></span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _4"></span>ut<span class="blank _1"> </span>ili<span class="blank _1"> </span>za<span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _4"></span>na <span class="blank _4"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ná<span class="blank _1"> </span>lise <span class="blank _4"></span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>or <span class="blank _4"></span>elementos <span class="blank _4"></span>f<span class="blank _5"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _4"></span>inú<span class="blank _1"> </span>mer<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _0"></span>aplicaçõe<span class="blank _1"> </span>s. </div><div class="t m1c x7 hc y1f ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1c">Nesses <span class="blank _5"> </span>elementos <span class="blank _5"> </span>sã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>sa<span class="blank _1"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>diversa<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>form<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>geomét<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nál<span class="blank _1"> </span>ise <span class="blank _5"> </span>por </div><div class="t m1d x7 hc y20 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">elementos <span class="blank _4"></span>\ue6bf<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos <span class="blank _4"></span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _4"></span>aplica<span class="blank _1"> </span>ções <span class="blank _0"></span>esp<span class="blank _1"> </span>ecí<span class="blank _1"> </span>\ue6bfcas. <span class="blank _4"></span>Nosso <span class="blank _4"></span>pr<span class="blank _1"> </span>opósito <span class="blank _4"></span>é <span class="blank _4"></span>ap<span class="blank _1"> </span>ena<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"></span>expor </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2c ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">ao <span class="blank _1"> </span>alu<span class="blank _1"> </span>no <span class="blank _1"> </span>alg<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ns <span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>spe<span class="blank _1"> </span>ctos <span class="blank _1"> </span>f<span class="blank _5"> </span>und<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ment<span class="blank _1"> </span>ais <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>an<span class="blank _1"> </span>ális<span class="blank _1"> </span>e d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>elementos <span class="blank _1"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>itos, </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2d ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">por<span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto <span class="blank _1"> </span>o co<span class="blank _1"> </span>nteúdo <span class="blank _1"> </span>é d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e n<span class="blank _1"> </span>at<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>reza <span class="blank _1"> </span>ext<span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>mente <span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntr<span class="blank _1"> </span>odutór<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia<span class="blank _1"> </span>. Pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _1"> </span>maiore<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y2e ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">det<span class="blank _1"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span>hes o aluno dev<span class="blank _0"></span>e consu<span class="blank _1"> </span>lta<span class="blank _1"> </span>r as ref<span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>rência<span class="blank _1"> </span>s citad<span class="blank _1"> </span>as no \ue6bfna<span class="blank _1"> </span>l deste capítu<span class="blank _1"> </span>lo<span class="blank _4"></span>. </div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2f ff5 fs6 fc4 sc0 ls15 ws1d">Método dos elementos finitos I<span class="blank _7"></span><span class="ffa ls0">2</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf4" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="4"><div class="pc pc4 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi xb y30 w4 he" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg4.png"><div class="t m1e xc hf y31 ffa fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tip<span class="blank _1"> </span>o de e<span class="blank _1"> </span>lem<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls16 ws1e">Nenhum<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls17 ws1f">Fo<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ls18 ws24">Número de nós<span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ls19 ws20">Aplicações</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m1e xd h10 y32 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws21">Super<span class="blank _1"> </span>fí<span class="blank"> </span>cie</div><div class="t m1e xe h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Quadrilateral </div><div class="t m1e xf h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de 4 nós</div><div class="t m1e x10 h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e xe h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">4<span class="blank _b"> </span>T<span class="blank _4"></span>ensão o<span class="blank _1"> </span>u deforma<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção plana, </div><div class="t m1e xf h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">axissimetr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia, painel em cisalham<span class="blank _1"> </span>ento<span class="blank _0"></span>, </div><div class="t m1e x11 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">chapa plana f<span class="blank _1"> </span>ina em f<span class="blank _1"> </span>lexã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o.</div><div class="t m1e x12 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Quadrilateral </div><div class="t m1e x13 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de 8 nós</div><div class="t m1e x14 h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x12 h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">8<span class="blank _b"> </span>T<span class="blank _4"></span>ensão o<span class="blank _1"> </span>u deforma<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção plana, chap<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1e x13 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">fina ou arma<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção em f<span class="blank _1"> </span>le<span class="blank _1"> </span>xão.</div><div class="t m1e x15 hd y37 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1a ws25">Quadro 1<span class="blank _4"></span>. <span class="ff5 ls15 ws1d">T<span class="blank _4"></span>abe<span class="blank _1"> </span>la de elementos finitos</span></div><div class="t m1e x16 h11 y38 ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1b ws22">(Con<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a)</div><div class="t m0 x17 hd y2f ffa fs6 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws23">3<span class="blank _c"></span><span class="ff5 ls15 ws13">Método dos elementos finitos I</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf5" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="5"><div class="pc pc5 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y39 w5 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg5.png"><div class="t m1e xc hf y31 ffa fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tip<span class="blank _1"> </span>o de e<span class="blank _1"> </span>lem<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls16 ws1e">Nenhum<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls17 ws1f">Fo<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ls18 ws24">Número de nós<span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ls19 ws20">Aplicações</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m1e x12 h10 y32 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws21">Super<span class="blank _1"> </span>fí<span class="blank"> </span>cie</div><div class="t m1e xe h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="blank _4"></span>riangular </div><div class="t m1e xf h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de 3 nós</div><div class="t m1e xd h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e xe h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">3<span class="blank _b"> </span>T<span class="blank _4"></span>ensão o<span class="blank _1"> </span>u deforma<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção plana, a<span class="blank _1"> </span>xissimetria, </div><div class="t m1e xf h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">painel em cisalham<span class="blank _1"> </span>ento, chapa plana fina </div><div class="t m1e x11 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">em f<span class="blank _1"> </span>lex<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão. Prefira elem<span class="blank _1"> </span>entos quadriláteros </div><div class="t m1e x18 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">sempre que p<span class="blank _1"> </span>ossível. Usado p<span class="blank _1"> </span>ara </div><div class="t m1e x19 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">transições de e<span class="blank _1"> </span>lementos quadriláteros.</div><div class="t m1e x1a h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="blank _4"></span>riangular </div><div class="t m1e x1b h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de 6 nós</div><div class="t m1e x1c h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x1a h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">6<span class="blank _b"> </span>T<span class="blank _4"></span>ensão o<span class="blank _1"> </span>u deforma<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção plana, </div><div class="t m1e x1b h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">axissimetr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia, painel em cisalham<span class="blank _1"> </span>ento<span class="blank _0"></span>, </div><div class="t m1e x1d h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">chapa fina ou c<span class="blank _1"> </span>asca em f<span class="blank _1"> </span>le<span class="blank _1"> </span>xão. Prefir<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1e x1e h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">elementos quadriláteros sempre </div><div class="t m1e x1f h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">que possível<span class="blank _1"> </span>. Usado para t<span class="blank _1"> </span>ransições </div><div class="t m1e x20 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de elementos quadriláteros.</div><div class="t m1e x15 hd y37 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1a ws25">Quadro 1<span class="blank _4"></span>. <span class="ff5 ls15 ws1d">T<span class="blank _4"></span>abe<span class="blank _1"> </span>la de elementos finitos</span></div><div class="t m1e x21 h11 y2e ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1c ws26">(Co<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>çã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o)</div><div class="t m1e x22 h11 y3a ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1b ws22">(Con<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a)</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2f ff5 fs6 fc4 sc0 ls15 ws1d">Método dos elementos finitos I<span class="blank _7"></span><span class="ffa ls0">4</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf6" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="6"><div class="pc pc6 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x23 y39 w6 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg6.png"><div class="t m1e x24 hf y31 ffa fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tip<span class="blank _1"> </span>o de e<span class="blank _1"> </span>lem<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls16 ws1e">Nenhum<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls17 ws1f">Fo<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ls18 ws24">Número de nós<span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ls19 ws20">Aplicações</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m1e x25 h10 y3b ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1d ws27">Sólido<span class="blank _4"></span>*</div><div class="t m1e x26 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1e ws2a">Hexagonal de </div><div class="t m1e x27 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">8 nós (tijolo)</div><div class="t m1e x28 h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x26 h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">8<span class="blank _b"> </span>Chapa grossa só<span class="blank _1"> </span>lida.</div><div class="t m1e x29 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1e ws2a">Pen<span class="blank _4"></span>tagonal </div><div class="t m1e x1a h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de 6 nós </div><div class="t m1e x1b h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws28">(cunha<span class="blank _4"></span>)</div><div class="t m1e x2a h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x29 h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">6<span class="blank _b"> </span>Chapa grossa só<span class="blank _1"> </span>lida. Usada par<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m1e x1a h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1f ws29">transi<span class="blank"> </span>çõ<span class="blank"> </span>es<span class="blank _1"> </span>.</div><div class="t m1e x2b hd y37 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1a ws25">Quadro 1<span class="blank _4"></span>. <span class="ff5 ls15 ws1d">T<span class="blank _4"></span>abe<span class="blank _1"> </span>la de elementos finitos</span></div><div class="t m1e x7 h11 y2e ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1c ws26">(Co<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>çã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o)</div><div class="t m1e x2c h11 y3a ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1b ws22">(Con<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a)</div><div class="t m0 x17 hd y2f ffa fs6 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws23">5<span class="blank _c"></span><span class="ff5 ls15 ws13">Método dos elementos finitos I</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf7" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="7"><div class="pc pc7 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y39 w7 h12" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg7.png"><div class="t m1e x26 hf y31 ffa fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tip<span class="blank _1"> </span>o de e<span class="blank _1"> </span>lem<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls16 ws1e">Nenhum<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls17 ws1f">Fo<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ls18 ws24">Número de nós<span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ls19 ws20">Aplicações</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m1e x11 h10 y3b ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1d ws27">Sólido<span class="blank _4"></span>*</div><div class="t m1e x2d h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="blank _4"></span>etra<span class="blank _1"> </span>édrico </div><div class="t m1e x2e h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">de 4 nós </div><div class="t m1e x2f h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls20 ws2b">(te<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span>a)</div><div class="t m1e x30 h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x2d h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">4<span class="blank _b"> </span>Chapa grossa só<span class="blank _1"> </span>lida. Usada </div><div class="t m1e x2e h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">para tr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ansições.</div><div class="t m1e x31 h10 y3c ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Finalidade esp<span class="blank _1"> </span>ecial</div><div class="t m1e x10 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls21 ws2c">Intervalo</div><div class="t m1e x1d h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x10 h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="blank _b"> </span>Deslo<span class="blank _1"> </span>camento livre par<span class="blank _1"> </span>a interval<span class="blank _1"> </span>o </div><div class="t m1e xd h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1e ws2a">de com<span class="blank _0"></span>pressão pr<span class="blank _4"></span>escrito.</div><div class="t m1e x32 h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws28">Gancho</div><div class="t m1e x2a h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x32 h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">2<span class="blank _b"> </span>Deslo<span class="blank _1"> </span>camento livre par<span class="blank _1"> </span>a interval<span class="blank _1"> </span>o </div><div class="t m1e x33 h10 y36 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls1e ws2a">de com<span class="blank _0"></span>pressão pr<span class="blank _4"></span>escrito.</div><div class="t m1e x34 hd y37 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1a ws25">Quadro 1<span class="blank _4"></span>. <span class="ff5 ls15 ws1d">T<span class="blank _4"></span>abe<span class="blank _1"> </span>la de elementos finitos</span></div><div class="t m1e x35 h11 y3a ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1b ws22">(Con<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a)</div><div class="t m1e x36 h11 y3d ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1c ws26">(Co<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>çã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o)</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2f ff5 fs6 fc4 sc0 ls15 ws1d">Método dos elementos finitos I<span class="blank _7"></span><span class="ffa ls0">6</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf8" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="8"><div class="pc pc8 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x37 y30 w8 he" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg8.png"><div class="t m1e x38 hf y31 ffa fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tip<span class="blank _1"> </span>o de e<span class="blank _1"> </span>lem<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>o<span class="blank _8"> </span><span class="ls16 ws1e">Nenhum<span class="blank"> </span><span class="ls17 ws1f">Fo<span class="blank"> </span>r<span class="blank"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _9"> </span><span class="ls18 ws24">Número de nós<span class="blank _a"> </span><span class="ls19 ws20">Aplicações</span></span></span></span></div><div class="t m1e x39 h10 y3c ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Finalidade esp<span class="blank _1"> </span>ecial</div><div class="t m1e x3a h10 y33 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls21 ws2d">Rígido</div><div class="t m1e x3b h10 y34 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0"> </div><div class="t m1e x3a h10 y35 ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls22 ws2e">Var<span class="blank"> </span>i<span class="blank"> </span>á<span class="blank"> </span>v<span class="blank"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>l<span class="blank _d"> </span><span class="ls0 ws0">Rest<span class="blank _1"> </span>rições rígidas entre nós<span class="blank _1"> </span>.</span></div><div class="t m1e x1b h10 y3e ff5 fs7 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">*Es<span class="blank _1"> </span>tes elementos também es<span class="blank _1"> </span>tão dispo<span class="blank _1"> </span>níveis com nós intermediários<span class="blank _1"> </span>.</div><div class="t m1e x27 hd y37 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls1a ws25">Quadro 1<span class="blank _4"></span>. <span class="ff5 ls15 ws1d">T<span class="blank _4"></span>abe<span class="blank _1"> </span>la de elementos finitos</span></div><div class="t m1e x3c h11 y3d ffc fs8 fc1 sc0 ls1c ws26">(Co<span class="blank"> </span>n<span class="blank"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>çã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o)</div><div class="t m0 x17 hd y2f ffa fs6 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws23">7<span class="blank _c"></span><span class="ff5 ls15 ws13">Método dos elementos finitos I</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pf9" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="9"><div class="pc pc9 w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x0 y3f w9 h13" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bg9.png"><div class="t m1f x9 hc y22 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 lsb ws1b">Con<span class="blank _1"> </span>forme <span class="blank _4"></span>Ç<span class="blank _1"> </span>engel <span class="blank _4"></span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>Cimbala <span class="blank _4"></span>(20<span class="blank _6"></span>15)<span class="blank _4"></span>, <span class="blank _4"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _4"></span>dom<span class="blank _1"> </span>í<span class="blank _1"> </span>nio <span class="blank _4"></span>comput<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>cional <span class="blank _4"></span>é <span class="blank _4"></span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>reg<span class="blank _1"> </span>ião </div><div class="t m20 x7 hc y6 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws30">do <span class="blank _4"></span>esp<span class="blank _1"> </span>aço <span class="blank _4"></span>ond<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>as <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>qua<span class="blank _1"> </span>çõe<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"></span>do <span class="blank _4"></span>movi<span class="blank _1"> </span>mento <span class="blank _4"></span>s<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _4"></span>solucionad<span class="blank _1"> </span>as. <span class="blank _4"></span>Uma <span class="blank _4"></span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>élula <span class="blank _4"></span>é <span class="blank _4"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m </div><div class="t m1 x7 hc y40 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls4 ws31">peq<span class="blank _1"> </span>ueno <span class="blank _4"></span>elemento <span class="blank _4"></span>do <span class="blank _6"></span>dom<span class="blank _1"> </span>í<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>io <span class="blank _6"></span>comput<span class="blank _1"> </span>acional. <span class="blank _4"></span>São <span class="blank _4"></span>most<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ado<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _6"></span>(<span class="blank _1"> </span>Fi<span class="blank _4"></span>g<span class="blank _5"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _4"></span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>a<span class="blank _4"></span>) <span class="blank _4"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _6"></span>do<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ls0">-</span></div><div class="t m21 x7 hc y7 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls24 ws32">mí<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>io <span class="blank _6"></span>bidi<span class="blank _1"> </span>me<span class="blank _1"> </span>nsional <span class="blank _4"></span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _4"></span>célula <span class="blank _4"></span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>om <span class="blank _6"></span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"></span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _6"></span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _4"></span>qu<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>iláte<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro <span class="blank _4"></span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>(<span class="blank _1"> </span>F<span class="blank _4"></span>ig<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _6"></span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>b<span class="blank _4"></span>) <span class="blank _e"></span><span class="ff9 ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m22 x7 hc y23 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls25 wsd">u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>dom<span class="blank _1"> </span>ín<span class="blank _1"> </span>io <span class="blank _5"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>idi<span class="blank _1"> </span>men<span class="blank _1"> </span>sional <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _f"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _5"> </span>célula <span class="blank _f"> </span>com <span class="blank _f"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _f"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>hexa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ed<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro. <span class="blank _10"></span><span class="ff9 ls0 ws0"> </span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y24 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">As <span class="blank _0"></span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>rontei<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"></span>de um <span class="blank _4"></span>dom<span class="blank _1"> </span>í<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>io <span class="blank _4"></span>2-D <span class="blank _4"></span>sã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o <span class="blank _4"></span>cha<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>da<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _4"></span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>rest<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s, <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>nqu<span class="blank _1"> </span>anto as <span class="blank _4"></span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>ron-</div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y25 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">tei<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>s de u<span class="blank _1"> </span>m dom<span class="blank _1"> </span>ín<span class="blank _1"> </span>io 3-D sã<span class="blank _1"> </span>o cham<span class="blank _1"> </span>ad<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s de face<span class="blank _1"> </span>s.</div><div class="t m0 x5 hd y41 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Figur<span class="blank _1"> </span>a 1<span class="blank _0"></span>. <span class="ff5">Domíni<span class="blank _1"> </span>o (a<span class="blank _4"></span>) b<span class="blank _1"> </span>idimensio<span class="blank _1"> </span>nal de uma célula e (b) tridim<span class="blank _1"> </span>ensional.</span></div><div class="t m0 x5 h14 y42 ffd fs9 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws2f">Fonte:<span class="ff5 ls0 ws0"> Çen<span class="blank _1"> </span>gel e Cim<span class="blank _1"> </span>bala (201<span class="blank _4"></span>5, p. 881<span class="blank _4"></span>).</span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hb y17 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">2 <span class="blank _3"> </span>Processo de gera<span class="blank _4"></span>ç<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão de malha de </div><div class="t m0 x8 hb y18 ff4 fs5 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">elementos finitos e processo de solução</div><div class="t m23 x7 hc y1a ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls23 ws30">Seg<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ndo<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _1"> </span>G<span class="blank _1"> </span>ies<span class="blank _1"> </span>ecke <span class="blank _5"> </span><span class="ff8 ls7 ws33">et al<span class="blank _1"> </span>. <span class="ff7 ws1c">(<span class="blank _4"></span>20<span class="blank _1"> </span>08)<span class="blank _4"></span>, <span class="blank _5"> </span>é <span class="blank _5"> </span>possível <span class="blank _1"> </span>cr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia<span class="blank _1"> </span>r <span class="blank _5"> </span>modelos <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>objetos <span class="blank _5"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>idi<span class="ls0">-</span></span></span></div><div class="t m24 x7 hc y1b ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws1a">men<span class="blank _1"> </span>sionais <span class="blank _1"> </span>q<span class="blank _1"> </span>ue <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>ossa<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>ser <span class="blank _5"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>sados <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>ret<span class="blank _1"> </span>ame<span class="blank _1"> </span>nte <span class="blank _5"> </span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>produç<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>peç<span class="blank _1"> </span>as. </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1c ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">T<span class="blank _6"></span>é<span class="blank _1"> </span>cn<span class="blank _1"> </span>icas <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>modelame<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto <span class="blank _1"> </span>sólido <span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff8 ls1a ws34">computer-<span class="blank _1"> </span>aided manufacturing</span><span class="ls27 ws35"> (C<span class="blank _1"> </span>A<span class="blank _f"> </span>D)<span class="blank _1"> </span> <span class="blank _4"></span></span></div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1d ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">reque<span class="blank _1"> </span>rem o <span class="blank _6"></span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>end<span class="blank _1"> </span>ime<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto <span class="blank _4"></span>dos só<span class="blank _4"></span>l<span class="blank _1"> </span>idos <span class="blank _4"></span>geomét<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>icos <span class="blank _0"></span>e <span class="blank _4"></span>de <span class="blank _4"></span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>omo <span class="blank _4"></span>eles <span class="blank _4"></span>são cria<span class="blank _1"> </span>dos </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1e ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">e <span class="blank _4"></span>combi<span class="blank _1"> </span>na<span class="blank _1"> </span>dos <span class="blank _4"></span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>ar<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _4"></span>for<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>r peças mais <span class="blank _4"></span>com<span class="blank _1"> </span>ple<span class="blank _0"></span>xas. Esse <span class="blank _4"></span>me<span class="blank _1"> </span>smo <span class="blank _4"></span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntend<span class="blank _1"> </span>ime<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto </div><div class="t m0 x7 hc y1f ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">é úti<span class="blank _1"> </span>l na i<span class="blank _1"> </span>nter<span class="blank _5"> </span>pret<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção e v<span class="blank _1"> </span>isu<span class="blank _1"> </span>ali<span class="blank _1"> </span>za<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção de d<span class="blank _1"> </span>esen<span class="blank _1"> </span>ho<span class="blank _1"> </span>s.</div><div class="t m0 xa hd y2f ff5 fs6 fc4 sc0 ls15 ws1d">Método dos elementos finitos I<span class="blank _7"></span><span class="ffa ls0">8</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div> <div id="pfa" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="a"><div class="pc pca w0 h0"><img fetchpriority="low" loading="lazy" class="bi x2 y43 w9 h15" alt="" src="https://files.passeidireto.com/9de8715b-1c31-45a2-b6b4-c401bbe40927/bga.png"><div class="t m25 x4 hc y22 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1c">Exist<span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _5"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>iv<span class="blank _0"></span>er<span class="blank _1"> </span>sos <span class="blank _5"> </span>métod<span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _1"> </span>q<span class="blank _1"> </span>ue <span class="blank _1"> </span>v<span class="blank _1"> </span>isa<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>à <span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>esolução <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>problemas <span class="blank _5"> </span>no <span class="blank _5"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ls0">-</span></div><div class="t m26 x2 hc y6 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1c">senvo<span class="blank _4"></span>lv<span class="blank _1"> </span>ime<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>projetos <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>elemento<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>e<span class="blank _1"> </span>st<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ut<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ais, <span class="blank _5"> </span>ou <span class="blank _5"> </span>seja, <span class="blank _5"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nal<span class="blank _1"> </span>isa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ndo <span class="blank _1"> </span>o </div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y40 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">elemento i<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntei<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro. Est<span class="blank _1"> </span>e méto<span class="blank _1"> </span>do é de<span class="blank _1"> </span>nom<span class="blank _1"> </span>in<span class="blank _1"> </span>ado p<span class="blank _1"> </span>roce<span class="blank _1"> </span>sso de <span class="blank _1"> </span>gera<span class="blank _1"> </span>ção <span class="blank _1"> </span>de m<span class="blank _1"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha. </div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y7 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">A <span class="blank _1"> </span>mal<span class="blank _1"> </span>ha <span class="blank _1"> </span>po<span class="blank _1"> </span>de s<span class="blank _1"> </span>er <span class="blank _1"> </span>desc<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ita <span class="blank _1"> </span>como <span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _1"> </span>reg<span class="blank _1"> </span>ião <span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma <span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>de eleme<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntos <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>de </div><div class="t m27 x2 hc y23 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws1a">nós, <span class="blank _5"> </span>assi<span class="blank _1"> </span>m, <span class="blank _5"> </span>su<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>den<span class="blank _1"> </span>sidade <span class="blank _5"> </span>au<span class="blank _1"> </span>ment<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>com <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>serç<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _1"> </span>novos <span class="blank _1"> </span>elementos <span class="blank _5"> </span>no </div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y24 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">int<span class="blank _1"> </span>er<span class="blank _1"> </span>ior dest<span class="blank _1"> </span>a re<span class="blank _1"> </span>de (Figu<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>a 2<span class="blank _4"></span>).</div><div class="t m0 x3d hd y44 ffb fs6 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Figur<span class="blank _1"> </span>a 2. <span class="ff5 ls28 ws36">G<span class="blank _1"> </span>eração de ma<span class="blank _0"></span>lhas.</span></div><div class="t m0 x3d h14 y45 ffd fs9 fc1 sc0 ls26 ws2f">Fonte:<span class="ff5 ls29 ws37"> Yurii Andreichyn/Shut<span class="blank _1"> </span>terstock<span class="blank _1"> </span>.com.</span></div><div class="t m28 x4 hc y17 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws8">Con<span class="blank _1"> </span>forme <span class="blank _5"> </span>Ea<span class="blank _1"> </span>st<span class="blank _1"> </span>ma<span class="blank _1"> </span>n <span class="blank _1"> </span><span class="ff8 ws38">e<span class="blank _1"> </span>t al.</span> <span class="blank _5"> </span>(20<span class="blank _6"></span>1<span class="blank _6"></span>4), <span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _1"> </span>mo<span class="blank _1"> </span>delagem <span class="blank _1"> </span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>amét<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica <span class="blank _5"> </span>base<span class="blank _1"> </span>ad<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>em </div><div class="t m29 x2 hc y18 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1c">objetos <span class="blank _1"> </span>foi <span class="blank _1"> </span>de<span class="blank _1"> </span>senvo<span class="blank _4"></span>lv<span class="blank _1"> </span>ida <span class="blank _5"> </span>or<span class="blank _1"> </span>igi<span class="blank _1"> </span>nal<span class="blank _1"> </span>ment<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>no<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nos <span class="blank _5"> </span>1<span class="blank _4"></span>980. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Ela <span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _5"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>pres<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m2a x2 hc y19 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls8 ws1a">objetos <span class="blank _1"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>om <span class="blank _1"> </span>geome<span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ias <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>propr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ied<span class="blank _1"> </span>ade<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>f<span class="blank _1"> </span>i<span class="blank _1"> </span>xas. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Ao <span class="blank _1"> </span>co<span class="blank _1"> </span>ntr<span class="blank _1"> </span>á<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>io, <span class="blank _1"> </span>ela <span class="blank _1"> </span>re<span class="blank _1"> </span>pres<span class="blank _1"> </span>ent<span class="blank _1"> </span>a </div><div class="t m2b x2 hc y1a ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws8">objetos <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>or <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>ar<span class="blank _1"> </span>âme<span class="blank _1"> </span>t<span class="blank _1"> </span>ros <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>egr<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>que <span class="blank _5"> </span>det<span class="blank _1"> </span>er<span class="blank _5"> </span>mi<span class="blank _1"> </span>na<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _5"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>geomet<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia<span class="blank _1"> </span>, <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>ssi<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _1"> </span>como </div><div class="t m2c x2 hc y1b ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1c">alg<span class="blank _1"> </span>um<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _5"> </span>propr<span class="blank _1"> </span>ied<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>des <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>car<span class="blank _1"> </span>ac<span class="blank _1"> </span>ter<span class="blank _1"> </span>í<span class="blank _1"> </span>stica<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>n<span class="blank _1"> </span>ão <span class="blank _5"> </span>geomét<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>icas. <span class="blank _5"> </span>Os <span class="blank _5"> </span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>âmet<span class="blank _1"> </span>ro<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _1"> </span>e </div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y1c ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">as <span class="blank _1"> </span>reg<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>as <span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>er<span class="blank _1"> </span>m<span class="blank _1"> </span>ite<span class="blank _1"> </span>m <span class="blank _1"> </span>que <span class="blank _1"> </span>os <span class="blank _1"> </span>objetos <span class="blank _1"> </span>se <span class="blank _1"> </span>at<span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>al<span class="blank _1"> </span>iz<span class="blank _1"> </span>em <span class="blank _1"> </span>autom<span class="blank _1"> </span>atica<span class="blank _1"> </span>mente <span class="blank _1"> </span>d<span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>acordo </div><div class="t m2d x2 hc y1d ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls5 ws8">com <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _1"> </span>c<span class="blank _1"> </span>ont<span class="blank _1"> </span>role <span class="blank _1"> </span>do <span class="blank _1"> </span>u<span class="blank _1"> </span>su<span class="blank _1"> </span>ár<span class="blank _1"> </span>io <span class="blank _5"> </span>ou <span class="blank _1"> </span>mud<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>nças <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>cont<span class="blank _1"> </span>exto. <span class="blank _1"> </span>Em <span class="blank _5"> </span>out<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>s <span class="blank _5"> </span>ind<span class="blank _1"> </span>úst<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ia<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y1e ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">as <span class="blank _1"> </span>empre<span class="blank _1"> </span>sas <span class="blank _1"> </span>us<span class="blank _1"> </span>am <span class="blank _1"> </span>a modelagem <span class="blank _1"> </span>pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra<span class="blank _1"> </span>mét<span class="blank _1"> </span>r<span class="blank _1"> </span>ica pa<span class="blank _1"> </span>ra <span class="blank _1"> </span>des<span class="blank _1"> </span>envo<span class="blank _4"></span>lver su<span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s próp<span class="blank _1"> </span>ria<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m23 x2 hc y1f ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls7 ws1c">rep<span class="blank _1"> </span>rese<span class="blank _1"> </span>nta<span class="blank _1"> </span>ções <span class="blank _5"> </span>de <span class="blank _5"> </span>objetos <span class="blank _5"> </span>e <span class="blank _5"> </span>par<span class="blank _1"> </span>a <span class="blank _5"> </span>ref<span class="blank _5"> </span>let<span class="blank _1"> </span>ir <span class="blank _5"> </span>o <span class="blank _5"> </span>con<span class="blank _1"> </span>he<span class="blank _1"> </span>cime<span class="blank _1"> </span>nto <span class="blank _5"> </span>cor<span class="blank _1"> </span>p<span class="blank _1"> </span>orat<span class="blank _1"> </span>ivo <span class="blank _1"> </span>e <span class="blank _1"> </span>a<span class="blank _1"> </span>s </div><div class="t m0 x2 hc y20 ff7 fs4 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">melhore<span class="blank _1"> </span>s prát<span class="blank _1"> </span>icas.</div><div class="t m0 x17 hd y2f ffa fs6 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws23">9<span class="blank _c"></span><span class="ff5 ls15 ws13">Método dos elementos finitos I</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data="{"ctm":[1.000000,0.000000,0.000000,1.000000,0.000000,0.000000]}"></div></div>
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